Application on Electric Field Distribution in Power Apparatus by FEM

By Mr. Yongyuth Vachiratarapadorn Chief, Transmission Equipment Technology Center of Excellence for Transmission System Technology Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand

Electric Field Calculation

Method of electric field calculation

1. Using mathematical analysis to determine the values. Method 2. Using Finite Difference 3.Using Finite Element Method 4.Using Space Charge Simulation Method

Objective
To present application of Finite Element Method in electric field calculation in electrical apparatus Determine highest electric field stress on electrical apparatus (Critical points).

Content
1. Review Finite Element Method 2. Electric Field on Electrical Apparatus - HVAC Cable - Insulator in HVAC Transformer - Insulator in HVDC Transformer - Disconnecting Switch 3. Conclusion

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD EQUATION

Formulation of Finite Element Equations has three methods as follows:

1. Direct Method : using mathematical equations to determine the values 2. Variational Approach: using minimization of energy principle 3. Method of Weighted Residuals: using minimize the guest solution of differential equations

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

FEM is a tools to apply to varies problems such as solid, fluid and electric field calculations.

Step 1: divide boundary of the problem into partial triangle. Step 2: Select linear interpolation for approximation function. Step 3: formulate FM equations using 1.Direct Method 2. Variational Approach
?K Ae {J}e ! {F }e

3. Method of Weighted Residuals Which one of these will result in a matrix equation:

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (

Step 4: Formulate Global Matrix from equations of the partial?K A {J} ! {F } triangles
system system system

Step 5: Apply Boundary Conditions and { the determineJ}system Nodal Unknowns Step 6: Determine electric potential and use electric potential to calculate electric field and so on.

I!
V=0
6.66 5 13.32 10 20 15 26.66 20 33.33 25 40 30 46.66 35 53.33 40 60 45 66.66 50 73.33 55 80 60 86.66 65 93.33 69 100 72 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 v v v v v v v v v

100 V

AC

V= 0

V=0

150 mm

10 mm

20 mm

50 mm

FIGURE 1 SHOW THE APPLICATION ON CABLE WHICH THE INSULATION HAVE RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY

I =

2)

I! I! V=0

6.66 13.32 20 26.66 33.33 40 46.66 53.33 60 66.66 73.33 80 86.66 93.33 100 90 70 50 40 30 20 10 V V V V V V V

2.87

5.74

8.6

11.5

14.36

17.23

20.11

23

25.85

28.72

31.58

34.41

37.14

39.56

41

100 V

AC

V=0

V=0

150 mm

10 mm

20 mm

50 mm

FIGURE 2 SHOW THE APPLICATION ON CABLE WHICH THE INSULATION HAVE RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY

I =

0.5 &

2)

Application of FEM 1. Calculate electric field inside HV transformer 2. Calculate electric 3. Study electric field field inside HV cable distribution between electrodes 4. Calculate electric field stress of bushing Color code
Equipotential is presented as a line. Red is conductor. Green is insulator. Black is air or oil.

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN AC- TRANSFORMER INSULATION

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN AC- TRANSFORMER INSULATION

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN AC- TRANSFORMER INSULATION

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN HVDC- TRANSFORMER INSULATION

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF CYLINDER OVER PLAIN

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF CONDUCTOR OVER PLAIN

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN CABLE INSULATION WITH GROUND AT ONE END

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN CABLE INSULATION WITH GROUND AT ONE END

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN PARALLEL PLATE

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER INSULATION

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN CAVITY IN INSULATION

E ROD Emax U

Eav

Emin

0 SHOW NON - UNIFORM FIELD BETWEEN ROD - PLAIN

NON UNIFORM ELECTRICFIELD

Eav L! E max U Eav ! d L : Field Utilization Factor

U : Voltage Stress between Electrodes

d: Gap distance between Electrodes

Eav : Average or Uniform Electricfield Stress E max : Maximum Electricfield Stress

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF ROD OVER PLAIN

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF CYLINDER CONDUCTOR OVER PLAIN

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF CYLINDER CONDUCTOR WITH SHIELD

ELECTRODES FOR TRANSFORMER OIL TESTER

ASTM D877

L ! 0.8

DISC GAP 25.4 mm. DIAMETER GAP 2.5 mm. ( 30 KVmin BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE)

IEC 156

L ! 0.95

SPHERE GAP 12.5 mm. DIAMETER GAP 2.5 mm. (60 KVmin BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE)

L ! 0.97 for 2mm.gap

ASTM D1816

L ! 0.98 for 1mm.gap

MUSHROOM GAP 35 mm. DIAMETER GAP 1 mm. (30 KVmin BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE) GAP 2 mm. (60 KVmin BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE)

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF DISC GAP

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF SPHERE GAP

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN MUSHROOM GAP

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON POST TYPE INSULATOR

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON POST TYPE INSULATOR

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON POST TYPE INSULATOR WITHOUT SHED

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON POST TYPE INSULATOR WITHOUT SHED

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON PIN POST TYPE INSULATOR

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON PIN POST TYPE INSULATOR

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON SUSPENSION TYPE INSULATOR

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON SUSPENTION TYPE INSULATOR

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON LEAD ENTRANCE OF TRANSFORMER

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON LEAD ENTRANCE OF TRANSFORMER

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON LEAD ENTRANCE OF TRANSFORMER

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION ON LEAD ENTRANCE OF TRANSFORMER

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN OIL TYPE BUSHING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN OIL& CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN OIL& CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN OIL& CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING WITH SHIELD RING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN OIL& CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING WITH SHIELD RING & BARRIERS

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM PART OF OIL TYPE BUSHING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM PART OF CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

SHOW AC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM PART OF CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING WITH SHIELD RING & BARRIERS

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM PART OF AC CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM PART OF DC CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

SHOW DC ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN BOTTOM PART OF DC CONDENSER TYPE BUSHING

Show AC Electric Field Distribution on Disconnecting Switch Finger Old Design

Show AC Electric Field Distribution on Disconnecting Switch Finger New Design

Show AC Electric Field Distribution on Disconnecting Switch Finger New Design with Shield Ring

Conclusion
Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to determine critical point of power system apparatus. FEM is applied to calculate electric field and potential distributions of the new design of disconnected switches.