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a device used for pumping... compressible fluids i.e, air, gas & steam
HEAT REJECTED
PRIMEMOVER
COMPRESSOR
HEAT SOURCE
COMPRESSED AIR
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPRESSORS
CLASSIFICATION: Compressors are classified in many ways out of which the common one is the classification based on the principle of operation. TYPES OF COMPRESSORS: 1. Positive Displacement 2. Roto-Dynamic Compressors.
Roto-dynamic compressors In this type the centrifugal force or the velocity of the moving gas is used for producing compression of gas.
Positive displacement compressors can be further divided into Reciprocating and rotary compressors. Under the classification of reciprocating compressors, we have 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. In-line compressors, V -shaped compressors, Tandem Piston compressors. Single-acting compressors, Double-acting compressors, Diaphragm compressors.
The rotary compressors are divided into Screw compressors, 1. Vane type compressors, 2. Lobe and scroll compressors and other types. Under the Roto-dynamic compressors, we have 1. Centrifugal compressors, 2. Axial flow compressors.
DOUBLE-ACTING COMPRESSORS:
Two-stage compressors are generally used for higher pressures in the range of 100 psig to 250 psig. They have two sets of intake and delivery valves on both sides of the piston. As the piston moves up and down, both sides of piston is utilized in compressing the air.
The intake and delivery valves operate corresponding to the stroke of the compressor. The compressed air delivery is comparatively continuous when compared to a single-acting air compressor. Both sides of the pistons are effectively used in compressing the air.
ADVANTAGES
It has flexibility in capacity and pressure range. Its compression efficiency is higher at compression ratio above 2. It is highly adaptability to low speed drive. It is suitable for low, medium and high pressures and low and medium gas volumes. It has high delivery pressure.
DISADVANTAGES
Its operating speed is low. The air supply is pulsating. Cyclic vibrations occur. Has complicated lubrication system. There is a possibility of contamination of the air supplied with oil. The air compressor size is large for a given discharge.
(b) ROTARY VANE COMPRESSOR. Air is compressed between casing & rotating rotor by the help of movable rotor blade. This type of Air Compressor can be further classified as Single Stage or Double Stage Rotary Air Compressor.
(a) Centrifugal Air Compressor (b) Axial Flow Air Compressor (c) Roots Blower Compressor.
The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor which depends on transfer of energy from a rotating impeller to the air. Centrifugal compressors produce high-pressure discharge by converting angular momentum imparted by the rotating impeller (dynamic displacement). In order to do this efficiently, centrifugal compressors rotate at higher speeds than the other types of compressors.
ADVANTAGES
Pressure is high about 4.5:1. Isothermal efficiency is about 80 to 82%. More flexible during operation. Part load performance is better. Low starting torque required. Delivery pressure is about 400 bar.
Axial compressors are rotating, airfoil based compressors in which the working fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation. Axial flow compressors produce a continuous flow of compressed gas, and have the benefits of high efficiencies and large mass flow capacity, particularly in relation to their cross-section. Axial compressors are widely used in gas turbines, such as jet engines, high speed ship engines, and small scale power stations.
ADVANTAGES
Pressure ratio per stage is 1.2:1. Isothermal efficiency is about 86 to 88%. Frontal area is smaller. More suitable for multistaging. Delivery pressure is about 20 bar.