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LightbulbphotobyJoyceCheng,KGV
Name________________________
PhysicsTeacher___________________________
6/9/10
6/9
1.23 use the relationship between orbital speed, orbital radius and time period:
orbital speed = 2 orbital radius
time period
v = 2 r
T
1.24 describe how the orbit of a comet differs from that of a planet
1.25 recall that the solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy
describe a galaxy as a large collection of billions of stars
state that the universe is a large collection of billions of galaxies.
Section 2: Electricity
a) Units
b) Mains electricity
c) Energy and potential difference in circuits
d) Electric charge
a) Units
Students will be assessed on their ability to:
2.1
use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (), second (s),
volt (V), watt (W).
b) Mains electricity
Students will be assessed on their ability to:
2.2
recall the hazards of electricity including frayed cables, long cables, damaged plugs,
water around sockets, and pushing metal objects into sockets
2.3
describe the uses of insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses and circuit breakers in a
range of domestic appliances
2.4
know some of the different ways in which electrical heating is used in a variety of
domestic contexts
2.5
understand that a current in a resistor results in the electrical transfer of energy and an
increase in temperature
2.6
28
2.7
use the relationship between energy transferred, current, voltage and time:
energy transferred = current voltage time
E=IVt
2.8
recall that mains electricity is alternating current (a.c.) and understand the difference
between this and the direct current (d.c.) supplied by a cell or battery.
explain why a series or parallel circuit is more appropriate for particular applications,
including domestic lighting
2.10 understand that the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the
number and nature of other components
2.11 describe how current varies with voltage in wires, resistors, metal filament lamps and
diodes, and how this can be investigated experimentally
2.12 describe the qualitative effect of changing resistance on the current in a circuit
2.13 describe the qualitative variation of resistance of LDRs with illumination and of
thermistors with temperature
2.14 know that lamps and LEDs can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit
2.15 recall and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance:
voltage = current resistance
V=IR
2.16 understand that current is the rate of flow of charge
2.17 recall and use the relationship between charge, current and time:
charge = current time
Q=It
2.18 identify common materials which are electrical conductors or insulators, including metals
and plastics
2.19 recall that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged
electrons.
29
ElectricityEquations
Symbol
Description
conductors crossing
with no connection
heater
junction of conductors
thermistor
open switch
light-dependent resistor
(LDR)
closed switch
relay
diode
light-emitting diode
(LED)
cell
lamp
battery of cells
loudspeaker
power supply
(d.c.)
Symbol
microphone
or
(a.c.)
transformer
ammeter
milliammeter
voltmeter
electric bell
mA
fixed resistor
earth or ground
motor
generator
fuse/circuit breaker
variable resistor
55
Use the text book Physics for You to carry out these
experiments
The experiments are in the PINK BOXES in the textbook
31.1
Draw a circuit diagram of the circuit you built
31.2
Build this circuit, try various materials in the gap and complete the table
Conductors
Insulators
31.3
Draw a diagram of your circuit with the copper wire connected.
Use your diagram to explain why the lamp goes out
31.4
Build the circuit in 31.4
Draw the circuit diagram.
31.5
Connect the ammeter into your circuit
Record the current:
Current = ________A
31.6
What do you notice as you move the ammeter?
As the ammeter moves around .
31.7
When I unscrew one lamp the other lamp .
31.8
Build this circuit.
What do you notice about the brightness of the lamps?
31.9
What is an advantage of a parallel circuit?
31.10
Copy the circuit diagram.
By each ammeter record the current. Can you spot a simple mathematical link?
31.11
Make the circuits at the bottom of page 257.
What do you notice about the brightness of the bulbs?
ElectricityLesson3
InvestigatingVoltage
Buildeachofthefollowingcircuits.Foreachonerecordthereadingsonthevoltmeters.
Labelthebulbsinthediagramasbright,dimornormal.Takethebulbincircuit1asnormal.
Circuit1
Circuit2
Circuit3
Circuit4
V
V
Circuit5
Circuit6
V
V
Circuit7
Circuit8
Inventanddrawyourowncircuit
V
V
7. Complete the following diagram to show a voltmeter connected to measure the voltage drop across
the resistor.
9. If the battery has an output voltage of 6 V what is voltage across each of the four identical lamps
shown in the circuit?
.
Electricity lesson 5
1.56
0.32
A
V
Resistance is futile...
1. What is the resistance of a wire when
a) A voltage of 10V causes a current of 2A to flow
b) A voltage of 10V causes a current of 1A to flow
c) A voltage of 120V causes a current of 0.5 A to flow
3. A piece of wire connected to a 6V cell has a current of 1.5A flowing through it. What is the
resistance of the wire?
5. What is the voltage difference across a piece of wire of resistance 100 with a current of 20 mA
flowing through it? (remember 1000mA = 1A)
voltage
voltage
(a)
(b)
current
current
mA
thermistor
V
PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
The aim of the experiment is to investigate how the resistance of a thermistor changes with
temperature.
WHAT TO DO
Set up the circuit shown in the diagram and place the thermistor in the beaker of water at
room temperature. Measure the temperature of the water, the current shown by the
milliammeter and the voltage shown by the voltmeter.
Heat the water and record readings of temperature, current and voltage roughly every 10o C.
MEASUREMENTS TO MAKE
For each value of temperature taken:
Temperature of water (and thermistor)
Ammeter reading (I)
Voltmeter reading (V)
CALCULATIONS
Work out the resistance of the thermistor for each temperature value (V/I)
and record them in your table.
Plot a graph of resistance (Y axis) against temperature (X axis)
FURTHER. WORK
If possible use your thermistor to estimate the following temperatures:
(a) inside a fridge
(b) body temperature
AIM
The aim of this experiment is to find the
concentration of the sample of salty water.
0-12 V DC
WHAT TO DO
Set up the circuit shown in the diagram
below.
Dissolve 50g of salt in 1 litre of water, put
some of it in the small beaker and pass a
current through it. Adjust your power supply
until the current flowing through the solution
gives a current through the solution of no
more than 100 mA.
Record the
(50g/litre).
current
and
86
mA
d.c
concentration
of
current
against
Write up your experiment carefully, mentioning any problems that you had, where you
think errors might have occurred and including any ideas for improving the experiment.
Why do you think that the current should be kept to a low value?
DCPMarkingCriterion
Notatall
0
ResultsTable
Partial
1
Complete
2
Theresultsarepresentedinatable
Thetablehascorrectheadings
Theheadingsalsocontainunits
Significantfiguresarereasonable
Graph
Therightkindofgraph(linegraph)hasbeenplotted
Theaxesarecorrectlylabelled
Thegraphiscarefullyplotted
Anappropriatelineofbestfitisadded
Optional(yourteachermaynotaskyoutodothese)
Avaluehasbeencorrectlyreadfromthegraph
Uncertaintybarshavebeenadded
Electricity lesson 9
ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS
.
P
Figure 1
S1
Figure 2
S2
Circuit A
V2
V1
A1
A2
V3
Circuit B
V4
V5
A3
10. A stereo takes 1A from the mains when running properly. What fuse would you use in
the plug 1A or 2A? Why?
11. Write down: (a) two things that you SHOULD do to ensure electrical safety in a house
and (b) two things that you SHOULDNT do.
A4
K W A
N C
P R
C M
R M D
W P
O M
Battery
Cell
Connect
Diode
Ion
LED
Short
Switch
Capacitor
Circuit
Coulomb
Electricity
Lamp
Ohm
Spark
Voltage
This is quite a difficult word search. Some of the words go across, some up or down and
some are diagonal.
1.
Leave
blank
lamp
(a) (i) The switch is closed. Name two components in the circuit, other than the lamp,
which affect the size of the current.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) The current is 0.40 A. Calculate the charge that flows during a time of 20 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Charge = ................................C
(2)
(b) You are asked to connect a second lamp so that each lamp can be switched on and off
independently. Show, by drawing on the circuit above, how this can be done.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
*N26263A0420*
Q2
Leave
blank
3.
A circuit contains a resistor R, a thermistor and a buzzer connected to a cell as shown. The
circuit can be used as a simple fire alarm.
*H28030A0624*
Leave
blank
(c) The buzzer starts to sound when the voltage across R is a particular value. Add a
voltmeter to the circuit diagram to show how this voltage is measured.
(1)
Q2
(Total 7 marks)
*H28030A0724*
Turn over
Leave
blank
4.
14
*H28030A01424*
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blank
Q6
(Total 10 marks)
*H28030A01524*
15
Turn over
5.
Leave
blank
increase
It will
Effect on
the resistance of the
LDR
the current in the
LDR
(2)
Q3
(Total 5 marks)
*H31410A0724*
Turn over
Leave
blank
2.
A student investigates the light received at different distances d from a 100 W lamp.
The diagram shows the 100 W lamp and the circuit which he uses to measure the light.
His circuit contains a light dependent resistor (LDR), a voltmeter and a milliammeter.
100 W lamp
LDR
filament
distance, d
lampholder
and stand
V
mA
*H31691A0712*
Turn over
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Reading = ............................ V
(1)
(ii) What is the reading in milliamps on this milliammeter?
Reading = ......................... mA
(1)
(iii) Use the equation
resistance =
voltage
current
to calculate the resistance in ohms of the LDR which will give these readings.
Give your answer to two significant figures. 1 A = 1000 mA
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Resistance = ........................
(2)
(iv) Explain why it is not justified to give the answer to more than two significant
figures.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
8
*H31691A0812*
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(e) Another student carries out a similar experiment with a different lamp.
This is her table of results.
Distance d
Resistance of LDR
40
690
50
1100
60
1600
70
2100
80
2800
90
3500
Q2
(Total 15 marks)
*H31691A0912*
Turn over
Leave
blank
4.
The diagram shows a rheostat (variable resistor) together with its circuit symbol.
slider
The slider can be moved. When the distance L is changed, the resistance of the rheostat
is changed. The maximum value of L is 19 cm.
A student investigates how the current I in the rheostat depends on the length L.
(a) In the space below draw a circuit diagram for this investigation.
(2)
(b) (i) State one extra item of equipment, not shown on your diagram, that the student
would need.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Describe how this investigation would be carried out.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
12
*M34026A01216*
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(c) During the investigation, the ammeter reading was as shown below.
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.4
0.5
19, 0.11
10, 0.17
7, 0.24
5, 0.33
6, 0.14
16, 0.12
(i) Put these results in a table with column headings and units.
(3)
*M34026A01316*
13
Turn over
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(ii) Using the grid plot a graph of current against length. Label the axes.
0.3
...............................
15
10
0.1
5
0.2
20
.......................................................................................
(3)
(iii) Circle the anomalous (unexpected) result.
(1)
(iv) Draw the best-fit curve for the remaining points.
(1)
(v) Suggest a reason for the anomalous result.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
14
*M34026A01416*
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(e) Suggest why the student did not use a value of 2 cm for L during the investigation.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
Q4
(Total 17 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 50 MARKS
END
*M34026A01516*
15
Leave
blank
3.
A student designed a small electric heater. The diagram shows how he used his heater.
open switch
battery of cells
variable resistor
meter X
meter Y
small beaker
water
plastic beaker
electric heater
polystyrene pellets
10
*N31363A01016*
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blank
(c) The student then closed the switch and noted the readings on meters X and Y.
(i) Each diagram shows a meter.
What is the numerical reading on each meter?
meter X
meter Y
4
Reading = ..............................
(1)
Reading = ..............................
(1)
40
30
20
10
Reading = .............. C
30
20
10
Reading = .............. C
Difference = .............. C
(2)
*N31363A01116*
11
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(d) The student repeated the experiment several times. Each time he used an identical
mass of water at the same starting temperature. He adjusted the variable resistor
to give different values of current and voltage before heating the water for five
minutes.
He expected to find that the temperature increase is proportional to the power.
Suggest and explain two experimental reasons why this did not happen.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
2 ....................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
12
*N31363A01216*
Q3