8ead Lhe 1983 8ules of Crlmlnal rocedure As Amended 1PL 8LvlSLu 8uLLS Cl C8lMlnAL 8CCLuu8L
(8uLLS 110 127 8uLLS Cl CCu81) LffecLlve uecember 1 2000 8uLL 110 8CSLCu1lCn Cl CllLnSLS SecLlon 1 lnsLlLuLlon of crlmlnal acLlons Crlmlnal acLlons shall be lnsLlLuLed as follows (a) lor offenses where a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon ls requlred pursuanL Lo secLlon 1 of 8ule 112 by flllng Lhe complalnL wlLh Lhe proper offlcer for Lhe purpose of conducLlng Lhe requlslLe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon (b) lor all oLher offenses by flllng Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon dlrecLly wlLh Lhe Munlclpal 1rlal CourLs and Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourLs or Lhe complalnL wlLh Lhe offlce of Lhe prosecuLor ln Manlla and oLher charLered clLles Lhe complalnLs shall be flled wlLh Lhe offlce of Lhe prosecuLor unless oLherwlse provlded ln Lhelr charLers
1he lnsLlLuLlon of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon shall lnLerrupL Lhe runnlng of Lhe perlod of prescrlpLlon of Lhe offense charged unless oLherwlse provlded ln speclal laws Sec 2 1he complalnL or lnformaLlon 1he complalnL or lnformaLlon shall be ln wrlLlng ln Lhe name of Lhe eople of Lhe hlllpplnes and agalnsL all persons who appear Lo be responslble for Lhe offense lnvolved
Sec 3 ComplalnL deflned A complalnL ls a sworn wrlLLen sLaLemenL charglng a person wlLh an offense subscrlbed by Lhe offended parLy any peace offlcer or oLher publlc offlcer charged wlLh Lhe enforcemenL of Lhe law vlolaLed
Sec 4 lnformaLlon deflned An lnformaLlon ls an accusaLlon ln wrlLlng charglng a person wlLh an offense subscrlbed by Lhe prosecuLor and flled wlLh Lhe courL
Sec 3 Who musL prosecuLe crlmlnal acLlons All crlmlnal acLlons commenced by a complalnL or lnformaLlon shall be prosecuLed under Lhe dlrecLlon and conLrol of Lhe prosecuLor Powever ln Munlclpal 1rlal CourLs or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourLs when Lhe prosecuLor asslgned LhereLo or Lo Lhe case ls noL avallable Lhe offended parLy any peace offlcer or publlc offlcer charged wlLh Lhe enforcemenL of Lhe law vlolaLed may prosecuLe Lhe case 1hls auLhorlLy shall cease upon acLual lnLervenLlon of Lhe prosecuLor or upon elevaLlon of Lhe case Lo Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL(8ead AM nC 02207SC LffecLlve May 01 2002 LaLesL AmendmenLs Lo SecLlon 3 8ule 110 of Lhe 8evlsed 8ules of Crlmlnal rocedure whlch provldes SecLlon 3 Who musL prosecuLe crlmlnal acLlon All crlmlnal acLlons elLher commenced by complalnL or by lnformaLlon shall be prosecuLed under Lhe dlrecLlon and conLrol of a publlc prosecuLor ln case of heavy work schedule of Lhe publlc prosecuLor or ln Lhe evenL of lack of publlc prosecuLors Lhe prlvaLe prosecuLor may be auLhorlzed ln wrlLlng by Lhe Chlef of Lhe rosecuLlon Cfflce or Lhe 8eglonal SLaLe rosecuLor Lo prosecuLe Lhe case sub[ecL Lo Lhe approval of Lhe courL Cnce so auLhorlzed Lo prosecuLe Lhe crlmlnal acLlon Lhe prlvaLe prosecuLor shall conLlnue Lo prosecuLe Lhe case up Lo end of Lhe Lrlal even ln Lhe absence of a publlc prosecuLor unless Lhe auLhorlLy ls revoked or oLherwlse wlLhdrawn x x x )
1he crlmes of adulLery and concublnage shall noL be prosecuLed excepL upon a complalnL flled by Lhe offended spouse 1he offended parLy cannoL lnsLlLuLe crlmlnal prosecuLlon wlLhouL lncludlng Lhe gullLy parLles lf boLh are allve nor ln any case lf Lhe offended parLy has consenLed Lo Lhe offense or pardoned Lhe offenders
1he offenses of seducLlon abducLlon and acLs of lasclvlousness shall noL be prosecuLed upon a complalnL flled by Lhe offended parLy of her parenLs grandparenLs or guardlan nor ln any case lf Lhe offender has been expressly pardoned by any of Lhem lf Lhe offended parLy dles or becomes lncapaclLaLed before she can flle Lhe complalnL and she has no known parenLs grandparenLs or guardlan Lhe SLaLe shall lnlLlaLe Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ln her behalfchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
1he offended parLy even lf a mlnor has Lhe rlghL Lo lnlLlaLe Lhe prosecuLlon of Lhe offenses of seducLlon abducLlon and acLs of lasclvlousness lndependenLly of her parenLs grandparenLs or guardlan unless she ls lncompeLenL or lncapable of dolng so Where Lhe offended parLy who ls a mlnor falls Lo flle Lhe complalnL her parenLs grandparenLs or guardlan may flle Lhe same 1he rlghL Lo flle Lhe acLlon granLed Lo parenLs grandparenLs or guardlan shall be excluslve of all oLher persons and shall be exerclsed successlvely ln Lhe order hereln provlded excepL as sLaLed ln Lhe precedlng paragraph
no crlmlnal acLlon for defamaLlon whlch conslsLs ln Lhe lmpuLaLlon of any of Lhe offenses menLloned above shall be broughL excepL aL Lhe lnsLance of and upon complalnL flled by Lhe offended parLy
1he prosecuLlon for vlolaLlon of speclal laws shall be governed by Lhe provlslon Lhereof
Sec 6 Sufflclency of complalnL or lnformaLlon A complalnL or lnformaLlon ls sufflclenL lf lL sLaLes Lhe name of Lhe accused Lhe deslgnaLlon of Lhe offense glven by Lhe sLaLuLe Lhe acLs or omlsslons complalned of as consLlLuLlng Lhe offense Lhe name of Lhe offended parLy Lhe approxlmaLe daLe of Lhe commlsslon of Lhe offense and Lhe place where Lhe offense was commlLLed
When an offense ls commlLLed by more Lhan one person all of Lhem shall be lncluded ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon
Sec 7 name of Lhe accused 1he complalnL or lnformaLlon musL sLaLe Lhe name and surname of Lhe accused or any appellaLlon or nlckname by whlch he has been or ls known lf hls name cannoL be ascerLalned he musL be descrlbed under a flcLlLlous name wlLh a sLaLemenL LhaL hls Lrue name ls unknown
lf Lhe Lrue name of Lhe accused ls LhereafLer dlsclosed by hlm or appears ln some oLher manner Lo Lhe courL such Lrue name shall be lnserLed ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon and record
Sec 8 ueslgnaLlon of Lhe offense 1he complalnL or lnformaLlon shall sLaLe Lhe deslgnaLlon of Lhe offense glven by Lhe sLaLuLe aver Lhe acLs or omlsslons consLlLuLlng Lhe offense and speclfy lLs quallfylng and aggravaLlng clrcumsLances lf Lhere ls no deslgnaLlon of Lhe offense reference shall be made Lo Lhe secLlon or subsecLlon of Lhe sLaLuLe punlshlng lL
Sec 9 Cause of Lhe accusaLlon 1he acLs or omlsslons complalned of as consLlLuLlng Lhe offense and Lhe quallfylng and aggravaLlng clrcumsLances musL be sLaLed ln ordlnary and conclse language and noL necessarlly ln Lhe language used ln Lhe sLaLuLe buL ln Lerms sufflclenL Lo enable a person of common undersLandlng Lo know whaL offense ls belng charged as well as lLs quallfylng and aggravaLlng clrcumsLance and for Lhe courL Lo pronounce [udgmenL
Sec 10 lace of commlsslon of Lhe offense 1he complalnL or lnformaLlon ls sufflclenL lf lL can be undersLood from lLs allegaLlons LhaL Lhe offense was commlLLed or some of lLs essenLlal lngredlenLs occurred aL some place wlLhln Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe courL unless Lhe parLlcular place where lL was commlLLed consLlLuLes an essenLlal elemenL of Lhe offense charged or ls necessary for lLs ldenLlflcaLlon
Sec 11 uaLe of commlsslon of Lhe offense lL ls noL necessary Lo sLaLe ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon Lhe preclse daLe Lhe offense was commlLLed excepL when lL ls a maLerlal lngredlenL of Lhe offense 1he offense may be alleged Lo have been commlLLed on a daLe as near as posslble Lo Lhe acLual daLe of lLs commlsslon
Sec 12 name of Lhe offended parLy 1he complalnL or lnformaLlon musL sLaLe Lhe name and surname of Lhe person agalnsL whom or agalnsL whose properLy Lhe offense was commlLLed or any appellaLlon or nlckname by whlch such person has been or ls known lf Lhere ls no beLLer way of ldenLlfylng hlm he musL be descrlbed under a flcLlLlous name
(a) ln offenses agalnsL properLy lf Lhe name of Lhe offended parLy ls unknown Lhe properLy musL be descrlbed wlLh such parLlcularlLy as Lo properly ldenLlfy Lhe offense charged (b) lf Lhe Lrue name of Lhe person agalnsL whom or agalnsL whose properLy Lhe offense was commlLLed ls LhereafLer dlsclosed or ascerLalned Lhe courL musL cause such Lrue name Lo be lnserLed ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon and Lhe record
(c) lf Lhe offended parLy ls a [urldlcal person lL ls sufflclenL Lo sLaLe lLs name or any name or deslgnaLlon by whlch lL ls known or by whlch lL may be ldenLlfled wlLhouL need of averrlng LhaL lL ls a [urldlcal person or LhaL lL ls organlzed ln accordance wlLh law
Sec 13 uupllclLy of Lhe offense A complalnL or lnformaLlon musL charge only one offense excepL when Lhe law prescrlbes a slngle punlshmenL for varlous offenses Sec 14 AmendmenL or subsLlLuLlon A complalnL or lnformaLlon may be amended ln form or ln subsLance wlLhouL leave of courL and when lL can be done wlLhouL causlng pre[udlce Lo Lhe rlghLs of Lhe accused
Powever any amendmenL before plea whlch downgrades Lhe naLure of Lhe offense charged ln or excludes any accused from Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon can be made only upon moLlon by Lhe prosecuLor wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe offended parLy and wlLh leave of courL 1he courL shall sLaLe lLs reasons ln resolvlng Lhe moLlon and coples of lLs order shall be furnlshed all parLles especlally Lhe offended parLy
lf lL appears aL anyLlme before [udgmenL LhaL a mlsLake has been made ln charglng Lhe proper offense Lhe courL shall dlsmlss Lhe orlglnal complalnL or lnformaLlon upon Lhe flllng of a new one charglng Lhe proper offense ln accordance wlLh secLlon 19 8ule 119 provlded Lhe accused shall noL be placed ln double [eopardy 1he courL may requlre Lhe wlLnesses Lo glve ball for Lhelr appearance aL Lhe Lrlal
Sec 13 lace where acLlon ls Lo be lnsLlLuLed (a) Sub[ecL Lo exlsLlng laws Lhe crlmlnal acLlon shall be lnsLlLuLed and Lrled ln Lhe courL of Lhe munlclpallLy or LerrlLory where Lhe offense was commlLLed or where any of lLs essenLlal lngredlenLs occurred
(b) Where an offense ls commlLLed ln a Lraln alrcrafL or oLher publlc or prlvaLe vehlcle ln Lhe course of lLs Lrlp Lhe crlmlnal acLlon shall be lnsLlLuLed and Lrled ln Lhe courL of any munlclpallLy or LerrlLory where such Lraln alrcrafL or oLher vehlcle passed durlng lLs Lrlp lncludlng Lhe place of lLs deparLure and arrlvalchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
(c) Where an offense ls commlLLed on board a vessel ln Lhe course of lLs voyage Lhe crlmlnal acLlon shall be lnsLlLuLed and Lrled ln Lhe courL of Lhe flrsL porL of enLry or of any munlclpallLy or LerrlLory where Lhe vessel passed durlng such voyage sub[ecL Lo Lhe generally accepLed prlnclples of lnLernaLlonal law
(d) Crlmes commlLLed ouLslde Lhe hlllpplnes buL punlshable under ArLlcle 2 of Lhe 8evlsed enal Code shall be cognlzable by Lhe courL where Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ls flrsL flled
Sec 16 lnLervenLlon of Lhe offended parLy ln crlmlnal acLlon Where Lhe clvll acLlon for recovery of clvll llablllLy ls lnsLlLuLed ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlon pursuanL Lo 8ule 111 Lhe offended parLy may lnLervene by counsel ln Lhe prosecuLlon of Lhe offense
kULL 111 kCSLCU1ICN CI CIVIL AC1ICN
SecLlon 1 lnsLlLuLlon of crlmlnal and clvll acLlons (a) When a crlmlnal acLlon ls lnsLlLuLed Lhe clvll acLlon for Lhe recovery of clvll llablllLy arlslng from Lhe offense charged shall be deemed lnsLlLuLed wlLh Lhe crlmlnal acLlon unless Lhe offended parLy walves Lhe clvll acLlon reserves Lhe rlghL Lo lnsLlLuLe lL separaLely or lnsLlLuLes Lhe clvll acLlon prlor Lo Lhe crlmlnal acLlon
1he reservaLlon of Lhe rlghL Lo lnsLlLuLe separaLely Lhe clvll acLlon shall be made before Lhe prosecuLlon sLarLs presenLlng lLs evldence and under clrcumsLances affordlng Lhe offended parLy a reasonable opporLunlLy Lo make such reservaLlon
When Lhe offended parLy seeks Lo enforce clvll llablllLy agalnsL Lhe accused by way of moral nomlnal LemperaLe or exemplary damages wlLhouL speclfylng Lhe amounL Lhereof ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon Lhe flllng fees Lherefore shall consLlLuLe a flrsL llen on Lhe [udgmenL awardlng such damages
Where Lhe amounL of damages oLher Lhan acLual ls speclfled ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon Lhe correspondlng flllng fees shall be pald by Lhe offended parLy upon Lhe flllng Lhereof ln courL
LxcepL as oLherwlse provlded ln Lhese 8ules no flllng fees shall be requlred for acLual damages
no counLerclalm crossclalm or LhlrdparLy complalnL may be flled by Lhe accused ln Lhe crlmlnal case buL any cause of acLlon whlch could have been Lhe sub[ecL Lhereof may be llLlgaLed ln a separaLe clvll acLlon
(b) 1he crlmlnal acLlon for vlolaLlon of 8aLas ambansa 8lg 22 shall be deemed Lo lnclude Lhe correspondlng clvll acLlon no reservaLlon Lo flle such clvll acLlon separaLely shall be allowed
upon flllng of Lhe aforesald [olnL crlmlnal and clvll acLlons Lhe offended parLy shall pay ln full Lhe flllng fees based on Lhe amounL of Lhe check lnvolved whlch shall be consldered as Lhe acLual damages clalmed Where Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon also seeks Lo recover llquldaLed moral nomlnal LemperaLe or exemplary damages Lhe offended parLy shall pay addlLlonal flllng fees based on Lhe amounLs alleged Lhereln lf Lhe amounLs are noL so alleged buL any of Lhese damages are subsequenLly awarded by Lhe courL Lhe flllng fees based on Lhe amounL awarded shall consLlLuLe a flrsL llen on Lhe [udgmenL
Where Lhe clvll acLlon has been flled separaLely and Lrlal Lhereof has noL yeL commenced lL may be consolldaLed wlLh Lhe crlmlnal acLlon upon appllcaLlon wlLh Lhe courL Lrylng Lhe laLLer case lf Lhe appllcaLlon ls granLed Lhe Lrlal of boLh acLlons shall proceed ln accordance wlLh secLlon 2 of Lhls 8ule governlng consolldaLlon of Lhe clvll and crlmlnal acLlons
Sec 2 When separaLe clvll acLlon ls suspended AfLer Lhe crlmlnal acLlon has been commenced Lhe separaLe clvll acLlon arlslng Lherefrom cannoL be lnsLlLuLed unLll flnal [udgmenL has been enLered ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlonchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
lf Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ls flled afLer Lhe sald clvll acLlon has already been lnsLlLuLed Lhe laLLer shall be suspended ln whaLever sLaLe lL may be found before [udgmenL on Lhe merlLs 1he suspenslon shall lasL unLll flnal [udgmenL ls rendered ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlon neverLheless before [udgmenL on Lhe merlLs rendered ln Lhe clvll acLlon Lhe same may upon moLlon of Lhe offended parLy be consolldaLed wlLh Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ln Lhe courL Lrylng Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ln case of consolldaLlon Lhe evldence already adduced ln Lhe clvll acLlon shall be deemed auLomaLlcally reproduced ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlon wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo Lhe rlghL of Lhe prosecuLlon Lo crossexamlne Lhe wlLness presenLed by Lhe offended parLy ln Lhe crlmlnal case and of Lhe parLles Lo presenL addlLlonal evldence 1he consolldaLed crlmlnal and clvll acLlons shall be Lrled and declded [olnLly
uurlng Lhe pendency of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon Lhe runnlng perlod of prescrlpLlon of Lhe clvll acLlon whlch cannoL be lnsLlLuLed separaLely or whose proceedlng has been suspended shall be Lolled
1he exLlncLlon of Lhe penal acLlon does noL carry wlLh lL exLlncLlon of Lhe clvll acLlon Powever Lhe clvll acLlon based on dellcL shall be deemed exLlngulshed lf Lhere ls a flndlng ln a flnal [udgmenL ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlon LhaL Lhe acL or omlsslon from whlch Lhe clvll llablllLy may arlse dld noL exlsL
Sec 3 When clvll acLlon may proceed lndependenLly ln Lhe cases provlded ln ArLlcles 32 33 34 and 2176 of Lhe Clvll Code of Lhe hlllpplnes Lhe lndependenL clvll acLlon may be broughL by Lhe offended parLy lL shall proceed lndependenLly of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon and shall requlre only a preponderance of evldence ln no case however may Lhe offended parLy recover damages Lwlce for Lhe same acL or omlsslon charged ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlon
Sec 4 LffecL of deaLh on clvll acLlons 1he deaLh of Lhe accused afLer arralgnmenL and durlng Lhe pendency of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon shall exLlngulsh Lhe clvll llablllLy arlslng from Lhe dellcL Powever Lhe lndependenL clvll acLlon lnsLlLuLed under secLlon 3 of Lhls 8ule or whlch LhereafLer ls lnsLlLuLed Lo enforce llablllLy arlslng from oLher sources of obllgaLlon may be conLlnued agalnsL Lhe esLaLe or legal represenLaLlve of Lhe accused afLer proper subsLlLuLlon or agalnsL sald esLaLe as Lhe case may be 1he helrs of Lhe accused may be subsLlLuLed for Lhe deceased wlLhouL requlrlng Lhe appolnLmenL of an execuLor or admlnlsLraLor and Lhe courL may appolnL a guardlan ad llLem for Lhe mlnor helrs
1he courL shall forLhwlLh order sald legal represenLaLlve or represenLaLlves Lo appear and be subsLlLuLed wlLhln a perlod of LhlrLy (30) days from noLlce
A flnal [udgmenL enLered ln favor of Lhe offended parLy shall be enforced ln Lhe manner especlally provlded ln Lhese rules for prosecuLlng clalms agalnsL Lhe esLaLe of Lhe deceasedchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
lf Lhe accused dles before arralgnmenL Lhe case shall be dlsmlssed wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo any clvll acLlon Lhe offended parLy may flle agalnsL Lhe esLaLe of Lhe deceased
Sec 3 !udgmenL ln clvll acLlon noL a bar A flnal [udgmenL rendered ln a clvll acLlon absolvlng Lhe defendanL from clvll llablllLy ls noL a bar Lo a crlmlnal acLlon agalnsL Lhe defendanL for Lhe same acL or omlsslon sub[ecL of Lhe clvll acLlon
Sec 6 Suspenslon by reason of pre[udlclal quesLlon A peLlLlon for suspenslon of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon based upon Lhe pendency of a pre[udlclal quesLlon ln a clvll acLlon may be flled ln Lhe offlce of Lhe prosecuLor or Lhe courL conducLlng Lhe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon When Lhe crlmlnal acLlon has been flled ln courL for Lrlal Lhe peLlLlon Lo suspend shall be flled ln Lhe same crlmlnal acLlon aL any Llme before Lhe prosecuLlon resLs
Sec 7 LlemenLs of pre[udlclal quesLlon 1he elemenLs of a pre[udlclal quesLlons are (a) Lhe prevlously lnsLlLuLed clvll acLlon lnvolves an lssue slmllar or lnLlmaLely relaLed Lo Lhe lssue ralsed ln Lhe subsequenL crlmlnal acLlon and (b) Lhe resoluLlon of such lssue deLermlnes wheLher or noL Lhe crlmlnal acLlon may proceed
kULL 112 kLLIMINAk INVLS1IGA1ICN
SecLlon 1 rellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon deflned when requlred rellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon ls an lnqulry or proceedlng Lo deLermlne wheLher Lhere ls sufflclenL ground Lo engender a wellfounded bellef LhaL a crlme has been commlLLed and Lhe respondenL ls probably gullLy Lhereof and should be held for Lrlal
LxcepL as provlded ln SecLlon 7 of Lhls 8ule a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon ls requlred Lo be conducLed before Lhe flllng of a compllanL or lnformaLlon for an offense where Lhe penalLy prescrlbed by law ls aL leasL four (4) years Lwo (2) monLhs and one (1) day wlLhouL regard Lo Lhe flne
Sec 2 Cfflcers auLhorlzed Lo conducL prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlons 1he followlng may conducL prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlons
(a) rovlnclal or ClLy rosecuLors and Lhelr asslsLanLs (b) !udges of Lhe Munlclpal 1rlal CourLs and Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourLs
(c) naLlonal and 8eglonal SLaLe rosecuLors and
(d) CLher offlcers as may be auLhorlzed by law
1helr auLhorlLy Lo conducL prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlons shall lnclude all crlmes cognlzable by Lhe proper courL ln Lhelr respecLlve LerrlLorlal [urlsdlcLlons Sec 3 rocedure 1he prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon shall be conducLed ln Lhe followlng manner
(a) 1he complalnL shall sLaLe Lhe address of Lhe respondenL and shall be accompanled by Lhe affldavlLs of Lhe complalnanL and hls wlLnesses as well as oLher supporLlng documenLs Lo esLabllsh probable cause 1hey shall be ln such number of coples as Lhere are respondenLs plus Lwo (2) coples for Lhe offlclal flle 1he affldavlLs shall be subscrlbed and sworn Lo before any prosecuLor or governmenL offlclal auLhorlzed Lo admlnlsLer oaLh or ln Lhelr absence or unavallablllLy before a noLary publlc each of whom musL cerLlfy LhaL he personally examlned Lhe afflanLs and LhaL he ls saLlsfled LhaL Lhey volunLarlly execuLed and undersLood Lhelr affldavlLs
(b) WlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe flllng of Lhe complalnL Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng offlcer shall elLher dlsmlss lL lf he flnds no ground Lo conLlnue wlLh Lhe lnvesLlgaLlon or lssue a subpoena Lo Lhe respondenL aLLachlng Lo lL a copy of Lhe complalnL and lLs supporLlng affldavlLs and documenLs
1he respondenL shall have Lhe rlghL Lo examlne Lhe evldence submlLLed by Lhe complalnanL whlch he may noL have been furnlshed and Lo copy Lhem aL hls expense lf Lhe evldence ls volumlnous Lhe complalnanL may be requlred Lo speclfy Lhose whlch he lnLends Lo presenL agalnsL Lhe respondenL and Lhese shall be made avallable for examlnaLlon or copylng by Lhe respondenL aL hls expense
Cb[ecLs as evldence need noL be furnlshed a parLy buL shall be made avallable for examlnaLlon copylng or phoLographlng aL Lhe expense of Lhe requesLlng parLy
(c) WlLhln Len (10) days from recelpL of Lhe subpoena wlLh Lhe complalnL and supporLlng affldavlLs and documenLs Lhe respondenL shall submlL hls counLeraffldavlL and LhaL of hls wlLnesses and oLher supporLlng documenLs relled upon for hls defense 1he counLeraffldavlLs shall be subscrlbed and sworn Lo and cerLlfled as provlded ln paragraph (a) of Lhls secLlon wlLh coples Lhereof furnlshed by hlm Lo Lhe complalnanL 1he respondenL shall noL be allowed Lo flle a moLlon Lo dlsmlss ln lleu of a counLeraffldavlL
(d) lf Lhe respondenL cannoL be subpoenaed or lf subpoenaed does noL submlL counLeraffldavlLs wlLhln Lhe Len (10) day perlod Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng offlce shall resolve Lhe complalnL based on Lhe evldence presenLed by Lhe complalnanL
(e) 1he lnvesLlgaLlng offlcer may seL a hearlng lf Lhere are facLs and lssues Lo be clarlfled from a parLy or a wlLness 1he parLles can be presenL aL Lhe hearlng buL wlLhouL Lhe rlghL Lo examlne or crossexamlne 1hey may however submlL Lo Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng offlcer quesLlons whlch may be asked Lo Lhe parLy or wlLness concerned
1he hearlng shall be held wlLhln Len (10) days from submlsslon of Lhe counLeraffldavlLs and oLher documenLs or from Lhe explraLlon of Lhe perlod for Lhelr submlsslon lL shall be LermlnaLed wlLhln flve (3) days
(f) WlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng offlcer shall deLermlne wheLher or noL Lhere ls sufflclenL ground Lo hold Lhe respondenL for Lrlal
Sec 4 8esoluLlon of lnvesLlgaLlng prosecuLor and lLs revlew lf Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng prosecuLor flnds cause Lo hold Lhe respondenL for Lrlal he shall prepare Lhe resoluLlon and lnformaLlon Pe shall cerLlfy under oaLh ln Lhe lnformaLlon LhaL he or as shown by Lhe record an auLhorlzed offlcer has personally examlned Lhe complalnanL and hls wlLnesses LhaL Lhere ls reasonable ground Lo belleve LhaL a crlme has been commlLLed and LhaL Lhe accused ls probably gullLy Lhereof LhaL Lhe accused was lnformed of Lhe complalnL and of Lhe evldence submlLLed agalnsL hlm and LhaL he was glven an opporLunlLy Lo submlL conLroverLlng evldence CLherwlse he shall recommend Lhe dlsmlssal of Lhe complalnL
WlLhln flve (3) days from hls resoluLlon he shall forward Lhe record of Lhe case Lo Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or chlef sLaLe prosecuLor or Lo Lhe Cmbudsman or hls depuLy ln cases of offenses cognlzable by Lhe Sandlganbayan ln Lhe exerclse of lLs orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon 1hey shall acL on Lhe resoluLlon wlLhln Len (10) days from Lhelr recelpL Lhereof and shall lmmedlaLely lnform Lhe parLles of such acLlon
no complalnL or lnformaLlon may be flled or dlsmlssed by an lnvesLlgaLlng prosecuLor wlLhouL Lhe prlor wrlLLen auLhorlLy or approval of Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or chlef sLaLe prosecuLor or Lhe Cmbudsman or hls depuLy
Where Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng prosecuLor recommends Lhe dlsmlssal of Lhe complalnL buL hls recommendaLlon ls dlsapproved by Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or chlef sLaLe prosecuLor or Lhe Cmbudsman or hls depuLy on Lhe ground LhaL a probable cause exlsLs Lhe laLLer may by hlmself flle Lhe lnformaLlon agalnsL Lhe respondenL or dlrecL anoLher asslsLanL prosecuLor or sLaLe prosecuLor Lo do so wlLhouL conducLlng anoLher prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon
lf upon peLlLlon by a proper parLy under such rules as Lhe ueparLmenL of !usLlce may prescrlbe or moLu proplo Lhe SecreLary of !usLlce reverses or modlfles Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or chlef sLaLe prosecuLor he shall dlrecL Lhe prosecuLor concerned elLher Lo flle Lhe correspondlng lnformaLlon wlLhouL conducLlng anLher prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon or Lo dlsmlss or move for dlsmlssal of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe parLles 1he same rule shall apply ln prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlons conducLed by Lhe offlcers of Lhe Cfflce of Lhe Cmbudsman
Sec 3 8esoluLlon of lnvesLlgaLlng [udge and lLs revlew WlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng [udge shall LransmlL Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe case Lo Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or Lo Lhe Cmbudsman or hls depuLy ln cases of offenses cognlzable by Lhe Sandlganbayan ln Lhe exerclse of lLs orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon for approprlaLe acLlon 1he resoluLlon shall sLaLe Lhe flndlngs of facLs and Lhe law supporLlng hls acLlon LogeLher wlLh Lhe record of Lhe case whlch shall lnclude (a) Lhe warranL lf Lhe arresL ls by vlrLue of a warranL (b) Lhe affldavlLs counLeraffldavlLs and oLher supporLlng evldence of Lhe parLles (c) Lhe underLaklng or ball of Lhe accused and Lhe order for hls release (d) Lhe LranscrlpLs of Lhe proceedlngs durlng Lhe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon and (e) Lhe order of cancellaLlon of hls ball bond lf Lhe resoluLlon ls for Lhe dlsmlssal of Lhe complalnL
WlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from recelpL of Lhe records Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or Lhe Cmbudsman or hls depuLy as Lhe case may be shall revlew Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe lnvesLlgaLlng [udge on Lhe exlsLence of probable cause 1helr rullng shall expressly and clearly sLaLe Lhe facLs and Lhe law on whlch lL ls based and Lhe parLles shall be furnlshed wlLh coples Lhereof 1hey shall order Lhe release of an accused who ls deLalned lf no probable cause ls found agalnsL hlm
Sec 6 When warranL of arresL may lssue (a) 8y Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL WlLhln Len (10) days from Lhe flllng of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon Lhe [udge shall personally evaluaLe Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe prosecuLor and lLs supporLlng evldence Pe may lmmedlaLely dlsmlss Lhe case lf Lhe evldence on record clearly falls Lo esLabllsh probable cause lf he flnds probable cause he shall lssue a warranL of arresL or a commlLmenL order lf Lhe accused has already been arresLed pursuanL Lo a warranL lssued by Lhe [udge who conducLed Lhe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon or when Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon was flled pursuanL Lo secLlon 7 of Lhls 8ule ln case of doubL on Lhe exlsLence of probable cause Lhe [udge may order Lhe prosecuLor Lo presenL addlLlonal evldence wlLhln flve (3) days from noLlce and Lhe lssue musL be resolved by Lhe courL wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from Lhe flllng of Lhe complalnL of lnformaLlonchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
(b) 8y Lhe Munlclpal 1rlal CourL When requlred pursuanL Lo Lhe second paragraph of secLlon of Lhls 8ule Lhe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon of cases falllng under Lhe orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe MeLropollLan 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL ln ClLles Munlclpal 1rlal CourL or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL may be conducLed by elLher Lhe [udge or Lhe prosecuLor When conducLed by Lhe prosecuLor Lhe procedure for Lhe lssuance of a warranL of arresL by Lhe [udge shall be governed by paragraph (a) of Lhls secLlon When Lhe lnvesLlgaLlon ls conducLed by Lhe [udge hlmself he shall follow Lhe procedure provlded ln secLlon 3 of Lhls 8ule lf hls flndlngs and recommendaLlons are afflrmed by Lhe provlnclal or clLy prosecuLor or by Lhe Cmbudsman or hls depuLy and Lhe correspondlng lnformaLlon ls flled he shall lssue a warranL of arresL Powever wlLhouL walLlng for Lhe concluslon of Lhe lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe [udge may lssue a warranL of arresL lf he flnds afLer an examlnaLlon ln wrlLlng and under oaLh of Lhe complalnanL and hls wlLnesses ln Lhe form of searchlng quesLlons and answers LhaL a probable cause exlsLs and LhaL Lhere ls a necesslLy of placlng Lhe respondenL under lmmedlaLe cusLody ln order noL Lo frusLraLe Lhe ends of [usLlce
(c) When warranL of arresL noL necessary A warranL of arresL shall noL lssue lf Lhe accused ls already under deLenLlon pursuanL Lo a warranL lssued by Lhe munlclpal Lrlal courL ln accordance wlLh paragraph (b) of Lhls secLlon or lf Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon was flled pursuanL Lo secLlon 7 of Lhls 8ule or ls for an offense penallzed by flne only 1he courL shall Lhem proceed ln Lhe exerclse of lLs orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon
Sec 7 When accused lawfully arresLed wlLhouL warranL When a person ls lawfully arresLed wlLhouL a warranL lnvolvlng an offense whlch requlres a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon may be flled by a prosecuLor wlLhouL need of such lnvesLlgaLlon provlded an lnquesL has been conducLed ln accordance wlLh exlsLlng rules ln Lhe absence or unavallablllLy of an lnquesL prosecuLor Lhe complalnL may be flled by Lhe offended parLy or a peace offlcer dlrecLly wlLh Lhe proper courL on Lhe basls of Lhe affldavlL of Lhe offended parLy or arresLlng offlcer or person
8efore Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon ls flled Lhe person arresLed may ask for a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon ln accordance wlLh Lhls 8ule buL he musL slgn a walver of Lhe provlslon of ArLlcle 123 of Lhe 8evlsed enal Code as amended ln Lhe presence of hls counsel noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe walver he may apply for ball and Lhe lnvesLlgaLlon musL be LermlnaLed wlLhln flfLeen (13) days from lLs lncepLlon
AfLer Lhe flllng of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon ln courL wlLhouL a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon Lhe accused may wlLhln flve (3) days from Lhe Llme he learns of lLs flllng ask for a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon wlLh Lhe same rlghL Lo adduce evldence ln hls defense as provlded ln Lhls 8ule
Sec 8 8ecords (a) 8ecords supporLlng Lhe lnformaLlon or complalnL An lnformaLlon or complalnL flled ln courL shall be supporLed by Lhe affldavlLs and counLeraffldavlLs of Lhe parLles and Lhelr wlLnesses LogeLher wlLh Lhe oLher supporLlng evldence and Lhe resoluLlon on Lhe case
(b) 8ecord of prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon 1he record of Lhe prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon wheLher conducLed by a [udge or a prosecuLor shall noL form parL of Lhe record of Lhe case Powever Lhe courL on lLs own lnlLlaLlve or on moLlon of any parLy may order Lhe producLlon of Lhe record or any of lLs parL when necessary ln Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe case or any lncldenL Lhereln or when lL ls Lo be lnLroduced as an evldence ln Lhe case by Lhe requesLlng parLy
Sec 9 Cases noL requlrlng a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon nor covered by Lhe 8ule on Summary rocedure (a) lf flled wlLh Lhe prosecuLor lf Lhe complalnL ls flled dlrecLly wlLh Lhe prosecuLor lnvolvlng an offense punlshable by lmprlsonmenL of less Lhan four (4) years Lwo (2) monLhs and one (1) day Lhe procedure ouLllned ln secLlon 3(a) of Lhls 8ule shall be observed 1he prosecuLor shall acL on Lhe complalnL based on Lhe affldavlLs and oLher supporLlng documenLs submlLLed by Lhe complalnanL wlLhln Len (10) days from lLs flllng
(b) lf flled wlLh Lhe Munlclpal 1rlal CourL lf Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon ls flled wlLh Lhe Munlclpal 1rlal CourL or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL for an offense covered by Lhls secLlon Lhe procedure ln secLlon 3 (a) of Lhls 8ule shall be observed lf wlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe flllng of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon Lhe [udge flnds no probable cause afLer personally evaluaLlng Lhe evldence or afLer personally examlnlng ln wrlLlng and under oaLh Lhe complalnanL and hls wlLnesses ln Lhe form of searchlng quesLlons and answers he shall dlsmlss Lhe same Pe may however requlre Lhe submlsslon of addlLlonal evldence wlLhln Len (10) days from noLlce Lo deLermlne furLher Lhe exlsLence of probable cause lf Lhe [udge sLlll flnds no probable cause desplLe Lhe addlLlonal evldence he shall wlLhln Len (10) days from lLs submlsslon or explraLlon of sald perlod dlsmlss Lhe case When he flnds probable cause he shall lssue a warranL of arresL or a commlLmenL order lf Lhe accused had already been arresLed and hold hlm for Lrlal Powever lf Lhe [udge ls saLlsfled LhaL Lhere ls no necesslLy for placlng Lhe accused under cusLody he may lssue summons lnsLead of a warranL of arresL
kULL 113 AkkLS1
SecLlon 1 ueflnlLlon of arresL ArresL ls Lhe Laklng of a person lnLo cusLody ln order LhaL he may be bound Lo answer for Lhe commlsslon of an offense
Sec 2 ArresL how made An arresL ls made by an acLual resLralnL of a person Lo be arresLed or by hls submlsslon Lo Lhe cusLody of Lhe person maklng Lhe arresL
no vlolence or unnecessary force shall be used ln maklng an arresL 1he person arresLed shall noL be sub[ecL Lo a greaLer resLralnL Lhan ls necessary for hls deLenLlon
Sec 3 uuLy of arresLlng offlcer lL shall be Lhe duLy of Lhe offlcer execuLlng Lhe warranL Lo arresL Lhe accused and dellver hlm Lo Lhe nearesL pollce sLaLlon or [all wlLhouL unnecessary delay
Sec 4 LxecuLlon of warranL 1he head of Lhe offlce Lo whom Lhe warranL of arresL was dellvered for execuLlon shall cause Lhe warranL Lo be execuLed wlLhln Len (10) days from lLs recelpL WlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe explraLlon of Lhe perlod Lhe offlcer Lo whom lL was asslgned for execuLlon shall make a reporL Lo Lhe [udge who lssued Lhe warranL ln case of hls fallure Lo execuLe Lhe warranL he shall sLaLe Lhe reason Lherefore
Sec 3 ArresL wlLhouL warranL when lawful A peace offlcer or a prlvaLe person may wlLhouL a warranL arresL a person
(a) When ln hls presence Lhe person Lo be arresLed has commlLLed ls acLually commlLLlng or ls aLLempLlng Lo commlL an offense (b) When an offense has [usL been commlLLed and he has probable cause Lo belleve based on personal knowledge of facLs or clrcumsLances LhaL Lhe person Lo be arresLed has commlLLed lL and
(c) When Lhe person Lo be arresLed ls a prlsoner who has escaped from a penal esLabllshmenL or place where he ls servlng flnal [udgmenL or ls Lemporarlly conflned whlle hls case ls pendlng or has escaped whlle belng Lransferred from one conflnemenL Lo anoLher
ln cases falllng under paragraphs (a) and (b) above Lhe person arresLed wlLhouL a warranL shall be forLhwlLh dellvered Lo Lhe nearesL pollce sLaLlon or [all and shall be proceeded agalnsL ln accordance wlLh secLlon 7 of 8ule 112 Sec 6 1lme of maklng arresL An arresL may be made on any day and aL any Llme of Lhe day or nlghL
Sec 7 MeLhod of arresL by offlcer by vlrLue of warranL When maklng an arresL by vlrLue of a warranL Lhe offlcer shall lnform Lhe person Lo be arresLed of Lhe cause of Lhe arresL and Lhe facL LhaL a warranL has been lssued for hls arresL excepL when he flees or forclbly reslsLs before Lhe offlcer has opporLunlLy Lo so lnform hlm or when Lhe glvlng of such lnformaLlon wlll lmperll Lhe arresL 1he offlcer need noL have Lhe warranL ln hls possesslon aL Lhe Llme of Lhe arresL buL afLer Lhe arresL lf Lhe person arresLed so requlres Lhe warranL shall be shown Lo hlm as soon as pracLlcablechan robles vlrLual law llbrary
Sec 8 MeLhod of arresL by offlcer wlLhouL warranL When maklng an arresL wlLhouL a warranL Lhe offlcer shall lnform Lhe person Lo be arresLed of hls auLhorlLy and Lhe cause of Lhe arresL unless Lhe laLLer ls elLher engaged ln Lhe commlsslon of an offense ls pursued lmmedlaLely afLer lLs commlsslon has escaped flees or forclbly reslsLs before Lhe offlcer has opporLunlLy Lo so lnform hlm or when Lhe glvlng of such lnformaLlon wlll lmperll Lhe arresL
Sec 9 MeLhod of arresL by prlvaLe person When maklng an arresL a prlvaLe person shall lnform Lhe person Lo be arresLed of Lhe lnLenLlon Lo arresL hlm and Lhe case of Lhe arresL unless Lhe laLLer ls elLher engaged ln Lhe commlsslon of an offense ls pursued lmmedlaLely afLer lLs commlsslon or has escaped flees or forclbly reslsLs before Lhe person maklng Lhe arresL has opporLunlLy Lo so lnform hlm or when Lhe glvlng of such lnformaLlon wlll lmperll Lhe arresL
Sec 10 Cfflcer may summon asslsLance An offlcer maklng a lawful arresL may orally summon as many persons as he deems necessary Lo asslsL hlm ln effecLlng Lhe arresL Lvery person so summoned by an offlcer shall asslsL hlm ln effecLlng Lhe arresL when he can render such asslsLance wlLhouL deLrlmenL Lo hlmself
Sec 11 8lghL of offlcer Lo break lnLo bulldlng or enclosure An offlcer ln order Lo make an arresL elLher by vlrLue of a warranL or wlLhouL a warranL as provlded ln secLlon 3 may break lnLo any bulldlng or enclosure where Lhe person Lo be arresLed ls or ls reasonably belleved Lo be lf he ls refused admlLLance LhereLo afLer announclng hls auLhorlLy and purpose
Sec 12 8lghL Lo break ouL from bulldlng or enclosure Whenever an offlcer has enLered Lhe bulldlng or enclosure ln accordance wlLh Lhe precedlng secLlon he may break ouL Lherefrom when necessary Lo llberaLe hlmself
Sec 13 ArresL afLer escape or rescue lf a person lawfully arresLed escapes or ls rescued any person may lmmedlaLely pursue or reLake hlm wlLhouL a warranL aL any Llme and ln any place wlLhln Lhe hlllpplnes
Sec 14 8lghL of aLLorney or relaLlve Lo vlslL person arresLed Any member of Lhe hlllpplne 8ar shall aL Lhe requesL of Lhe person arresLed or of anoLher acLlng ln hls behalf have Lhe rlghL Lo vlslL and confer prlvaLely wlLh such person ln Lhe [all or any oLher place of cusLody aL any hour of Lhe day or nlghL Sub[ecL Lo reasonable regulaLlons a relaLlve of Lhe person arresLed can also exerclse Lhe same rlghL kULL 114 8AIL SecLlon 1 8all deflned 8all ls Lhe securlLy glven for Lhe release of a person ln cusLody of Lhe law furnlshed by hlm or a bondsman Lo guaranLee hls appearance before any courL as requlred under Lhe condlLlons herelnafLer speclfled 8all may be glven ln Lhe form of corporaLe sureLy properLy bond cash deposlL or recognlzance
Sec 2 CondlLlons of Lhe ball requlremenLs All klnds of ball are sub[ecL Lo Lhe followlng condlLlons
(a) 1he underLaklng shall be effecLlve upon approval and unless cancelled shall remaln ln force aL all sLages of Lhe case unLll promulgaLlon of Lhe [udgmenL of Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL lrrespecLlve of wheLher Lhe case was orlglnally flled ln or appealed Lo lL (b) 1he accused shall appear before Lhe proper courL whenever requlred by Lhe courL of Lhese 8ules
(c) 1he fallure of Lhe accused Lo appear aL Lhe Lrlal wlLhouL [usLlflcaLlon and desplLe due noLlce shall be deemed a walver of hls rlghL Lo be presenL LhereaL ln such case Lhe Lrlal may proceed ln absenLla and
(d) 1he bondsman shall surrender Lhe accused Lo Lhe courL for execuLlon of Lhe flnal [udgmenL
1he orlglnal papers shall sLaLe Lhe full name and address of Lhe accused Lhe amounL of Lhe underLaklng and Lhe condlLlons requlred by Lhls secLlon hoLographs (passporL slze) Laken wlLhln Lhe lasL slx (6) monLhs showlng Lhe face lefL and rlghL proflles of Lhe accused musL be aLLached Lo Lhe ball Sec 3 no release or Lransfer excepL on courL order or ball no person under deLenLlon by legal process shall be released or Lransferred excepL upon order of Lhe courL or when he ls admlLLed Lo ball
Sec 4 8all a maLLer of rlghL excepLlon All persons ln cusLody shall be admlLLed Lo ball as a maLLer of rlghL wlLh sufflclenL sureLles or released on recognlzance as prescrlbed by law or Lhls 8ule (a) before or afLer convlcLlon by Lhe MeLropollLan 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL ln ClLles or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL and (b) before convlcLlon by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal courL of an offense noL punlshable by deaLh recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL
Sec 3 8all when dlscreLlonary upon convlcLlon by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL of an offense noL punlshable by deaLh recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL admlsslon Lo ball ls dlscreLlonary 1he appllcaLlon for ball may be flled and acLed upon by Lhe Lrlal courL desplLe Lhe flllng of a noLlce of appeal provlded lL has noL LransmlLLed Lhe orlglnal record Lo Lhe appellaLe courL Powever lf Lhe declslon of Lhe Lrlal courL convlcLlon Lhe accused changed Lhe naLure of Lhe offense from non ballable Lo ballable Lhe appllcaLlon for ball can only be flled wlLh and resolved by Lhe appellaLe courL
Should Lhe courL granL Lhe appllcaLlon Lhe accused may be allowed Lo conLlnue on provlslonal llberLy durlng Lhe pendency of Lhe appeal under Lhe same ball sub[ecL Lo Lhe consenL of Lhe bondsman
lf Lhe penalLy lmposed by Lhe Lrlal courL ls lmprlsonmenL exceedlng slx (6) years Lhe accused shall be denled ball or hls ball shall be cancelled upon a showlng by Lhe prosecuLlon wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe accuse of Lhe followlng or oLher slmllar clrcumsLances
(a) 1haL he ls a recldlvlsL quaslrecldlvlsL or hablLual dellnquenL or has commlLLed Lhe crlme aggravaLed by Lhe clrcumsLance of relLeraLlon (b) 1haL he has prevlously escaped from legal conflnemenL evaded senLence or vlolaLed Lhe condlLlons of hls ball wlLhouL valld [usLlflcaLlon
(c) 1haL he commlLLed Lhe offense whlle under probaLlon parole or condlLlonal pardon
(d) 1haL Lhe clrcumsLances of hls case lndlcaLe Lhe probablllLy of fllghL lf released on ball or
(e) 1haL Lhere ls undue rlsk LhaL he may commlL anoLher crlme durlng Lhe pendency of Lhe appeal
1he appellaLe courL may moLu proprlo or on moLlon of any parLy revlew Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL afLer noLlce Lo Lhe adverse parLy ln elLher case Sec 6 CaplLal offense deflned A caplLal offense ls an offense whlch under Lhe law exlsLlng aL Lhe Llme of lLs commlsslon and of Lhe appllcaLlon for admlsslon Lo ball may be punlshed wlLh deaLh
Sec 7 CaplLal offense or an offense punlshable by recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL noL ballable no person charged wlLh a caplLal offense or an offense punlshable by recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL shall be admlLLed Lo ball when evldence of gullL ls sLrong regardless of Lhe sLaLe of Lhe crlmlnal prosecuLlonchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
Sec 8 8urden of proof ln ball appllcaLlon AL Lhe hearlng of an appllcaLlon for ball flled by a person who ls ln cusLody for Lhe commlsslon of an offense punlshable by deaLh recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL Lhe prosecuLlon has Lhe burden of showlng LhaL evldence of gullL ls sLrong 1he evldence presenLed durlng Lhe ball hearlng shall be consldered auLomaLlcally reproduced aL Lhe Lrlal buL upon moLlon of elLher parLy Lhe courL may recall any wlLness for addlLlonal examlnaLlon unless Lhe laLLer ls dead ouLslde Lhe hlllpplnes or oLherwlse unable Lo LesLlfy
Sec 9 AmounL of ball guldellnes 1he [udge who lssued Lhe warranL or granLed Lhe appllcaLlon shall flx a reasonable amounL of ball conslderlng prlmarlly buL noL llmlLed Lo Lhe followlng facLors
(a) llnanclal llablllLy of Lhe accused Lo glve ball (b) naLure and clrcumsLance of Lhe offense
(c) enalLy for Lhe offense charged
(d) CharacLer and repuLaLlon of Lhe accused
(e) Age and healLh of Lhe accused
(f) WelghL of Lhe evldence agalnsL Lhe accused
(g) robablllLy of Lhe accused appearlng aL Lhe Lrlal
(h) lorfelLure of oLher ball
(l) 1he facL LhaL Lhe accused was a fuglLlve from [usLlce when arresLed and
([) endency of oLher cases where Lhe accused ls on ball
Lxcesslve ball shall noL be requlred Sec 10 CorporaLe sureLy Any domesLlc or forelgn corporaLlon llcensed as a sureLy ln accordance wlLh law and currenLly auLhorlzed Lo acL as such may provlde ball by a bond subscrlbed [olnLly by Lhe accused and an offlcer of Lhe corporaLlon duly auLhorlzed by lLs board of dlrecLors
Sec 11 roperLy bond how posLed A properLy bond ls an underLaklng consLlLuLed as llen on Lhe real properLy glven as securlLy for Lhe amounL of Lhe ball WlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe approval of Lhe bond Lhe accused shall cause Lhe annoLaLlon of Lhe llen on Lhe cerLlflcaLe of LlLle on flle wlLh Lhe 8eglsLry of ueeds lf Lhe land ls reglsLered or lf unreglsLered ln Lhe 8eglsLraLlon 8ook on Lhe space provlded Lherefore ln Lhe 8eglsLry of ueeds for Lhe provlnce or clLy where Lhe land lles and on Lhe correspondlng Lax declaraLlon ln Lhe offlce of Lhe provlnclal clLy and munlclpal assessor concerned
WlLhln Lhe same perlod Lhe accused shall submlL Lo Lhe courL hls compllance and hls fallure Lo do so shall be sufflclenL cause for Lhe cancellaLlon of Lhe properLy bond and hls rearresL and deLenLlon
Sec 12 CuallflcaLlons of sureLles ln properLy bond 1he quallflcaLlons of sureLles ln a properLy bond shall be as follows
(a) Lach musL be a resldenL owner of real esLaLe wlLhln Lhe hlllpplnes (b) Where Lhere ls only one sureLy hls real esLaLe musL be worLh aL leasL Lhe amounL of underLaklng
(c) lf Lhere are Lwo or more sureLles each may [usLlfy ln an amounL less Lhan LhaL expressed ln Lhe underLaklng buL Lhe aggregaLe of Lhe [usLlfled sums musL be equlvalenL Lo Lhe whole amounL of Lhe ball demanded
ln all cases every sureLy musL be worLh Lhe amounL speclfled ln hls own underLaklng over and above all [usL debLs obllgaLlons and properLles exempL from execuLlon Sec 13 !usLlflcaLlon of sureLles Lvery sureLy shall [usLlfy by affldavlL Laken before Lhe [udge LhaL he possesses Lhe quallflcaLlon prescrlbed ln Lhe precedlng secLlon Pe shall descrlbe Lhe properLy glven as securlLy sLaLlng Lhe naLure of hls LlLle lLs encumbrances Lhe number and amounL of oLher balls enLered lnLo by hlm and sLlll undlscharged and hls oLher llablllLles 1he courL may examlne Lhe sureLles upon oaLh concernlng Lhelr sufflclency ln such manner as lL may deem proper no ball shall be approved unless Lhe sureLy ls quallfled
Sec 14 ueposlL of cash as ball 1he accused or any person acLlng ln hls behalf may deposlL ln cash wlLh Lhe nearesL collecLor of lnLernal revenue or provlnclal clLy or munlclpal Lreasurer Lhe amounL of ball flxed by Lhe courL or recommended by Lhe prosecuLor who lnvesLlgaLed or flled Lhe case upon submlsslon of a proper cerLlflcaLe of deposlL and a wrlLLen underLaklng showlng compllance wlLh Lhe requlremenLs of secLlon 2 of Lhls 8ule Lhe accused shall be dlscharged from cusLody 1he money deposlLed shall be consldered as ball and applled Lo Lhe paymenL of flne and cosLs whlle Lhe excess lf any shall be reLurned Lo Lhe accused or Lo whoever made Lhe deposlL
Sec 13 8ecognlzance Whenever allowed by law or Lhese 8ules Lhe courL may release a person ln cusLody on hls own recognlzance or LhaL of a responslble person
Sec 16 8all when noL requlred reduced ball or recognlzance no ball shall be requlred when Lhe law or Lhese 8ules so provlde
When a person has been ln cusLody for a perlod equal Lo or more Lhan Lhe posslble maxlmum lmprlsonmenL prescrlbed for Lhe offense charged he shall be released lmmedlaLely wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo Lhe conLlnuaLlon of Lhe Lrlal or Lhe proceedlngs on appeal lf Lhe maxlmum penalLy Lo whlch Lhe accused may be senLenced ls desLlerro he shall be released afLer LhlrLy (30) days of prevenLlve lmprlsonmenL
A person ln cusLody for a perlod equal Lo or more Lhan Lhe mlnlmum of Lhe prlnclpal penalLy prescrlbed for Lhe offense charged wlLhouL appllcaLlon of Lhe lndeLermlnaLe SenLence Law or any modlfylng clrcumsLance shall be released on a reduced ball or on hls own recognlzance aL Lhe dlscreLlon of Lhe courL
Sec 17 8all where flled (a) 8all ln Lhe amounL flxed may be flled wlLh Lhe courL where Lhe case ls pendlng or ln Lhe absence or unavallablllLy of Lhe [udge Lhereof wlLh any reglonal Lrlal [udge meLropollLan Lrlal [udge munlclpal Lrlal [udge or munlclpal clrculL Lrlal [udge ln Lhe provlnce clLy or munlclpallLy lf Lhe accused ls arresLed ln a provlnce clLy or munlclpallLy oLher Lhan where Lhe case ls pendlng ball may also be flled wlLh any reglonal Lrlal courL of sald place of lf no [udge Lhereof ls avallable wlLh any meLropollLan Lrlal [udge munlclpal Lrlal [udge or munlclpal clrculL Lrlal [udge Lhereln
(b) Where Lhe granL of ball ls a maLLer of dlscreLlon or Lhe accused seeks Lo be released on recognlzance Lhe appllcaLlon may only be flled ln Lhe courL where Lhe case ls pendlng wheLher on prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon Lrlal or appeal
Any person ln cusLody who ls noL yeL charged ln courL may apply for ball wlLh any courL ln Lhe provlnce clLy or munlclpallLy where he ls held
Sec 18 noLlce of appllcaLlon Lo prosecuLor ln Lhe appllcaLlon for ball under secLlon 8 of Lhls 8ule Lhe courL musL glve reasonable noLlce of Lhe hearlng Lo Lhe prosecuLor or requlre hlm Lo submlL hls recommendaLlon
Sec 19 8elease on ball 1he accused musL be dlscharged upon approval of Lhe ball by Lhe [udge wlLh whom lL was flled ln accordance wlLh secLlon 17 of Lhls 8ule
When ball ls flled wlLh a courL oLher Lhan where Lhe case ls pendlng Lhe [udge who accepLed Lhe ball shall forward lL LogeLher wlLh Lhe order of release and oLher supporLlng papers Lo Lhe courL where Lhe case ls pendlng whlch may for good reason requlre a dlfferenL one Lo be flled
Sec 20 lncrease or reducLlon of ball AfLer Lhe accused ls admlLLed Lo ball Lhe courL may upon good cause elLher lncrease or reduce lLs amounL When lncreased Lhe accused may be commlLLed Lo cusLody lf he does noL glve ball ln Lhe lncreased amounL wlLhln a reasonable perlod An accused held Lo answer a crlmlnal charge who ls released wlLhouL ball upon flllng of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon may aL any subsequenL sLage of Lhe proceedlngs and whenever a sLrong showlng of gullL appears Lo Lhe courL be requlred Lo glve ball ln Lhe amounL flxed or ln lleu Lhereof commlLLed Lo cusLody chan robles vlrLual law llbrary
Sec 21 lorfelLure of ball When Lhe presence of Lhe accused ls requlred by Lhe courL or Lhese 8ules hls bondsmen shall be noLlfled Lo produce hlm before Lhe courL on a glven daLe and Llme lf Lhe accused falls Lo appear ln person as requlred hls ball shall be declared forfelLed and Lhe bondsmen glven LhlrLy (30) days wlLhln whlch Lo produce Lhelr prlnclpal and Lo show why no [udgmenL should be rendered agalnsL Lhem for Lhe amounL of Lhelr ball WlLhln Lhe sald perlod Lhe bondsmen musL
(a) produce Lhe body of Lhelr prlnclpal or glve Lhe reason for hls nonproducLlon and (b) explaln why Lhe accused dld noL appear before Lhe courL when flrsL requlred Lo do so
lalllng ln Lhese Lwo requlslLes a [udgmenL shall be rendered agalnsL Lhe bondsmen [olnLly and severally for Lhe amounL of Lhe ball 1he courL shall noL reduce or oLherwlse mlLlgaLe Lhe llablllLy of Lhe bondsmen unless Lhe accused has been surrendered or ls acqulLLed Sec 22 CancellaLlon of ball upon appllcaLlon of Lhe bondsmen wlLh due noLlce Lo Lhe prosecuLor Lhe ball may be cancelled upon surrender of Lhe accused or proof of hls deaLh
1he ball shall be deemed auLomaLlcally cancelled upon acqulLLal of Lhe accused dlsmlssal of Lhe case or execuLlon of Lhe [udgmenL of convlcLlon
ln all lnsLances Lhe cancellaLlon shall be wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo any llablllLy on Lhe ball
Sec 23 ArresL of accused ouL on ball lor Lhe purpose of surrenderlng Lhe accused Lhe bondsmen may arresL hlm or upon wrlLLen auLhorlLy endorsed on a cerLlfled copy of Lhe underLaklng cause hlm Lo be arresLed by a pollce offlcer or any oLher person of sulLable age and dlscreLlon
An accused released on ball may be rearresLed wlLhouL Lhe necesslLy of a warranL lf he aLLempLs Lo deparL from Lhe hlllpplnes wlLhouL permlsslon of Lhe courL where Lhe case ls pendlng
Sec 24 no ball afLer flnal [udgmenL excepLlon no ball shall be allowed afLer a [udgmenL of convlcLlon has become flnal lf before such flnallLy Lhe accused applles for probaLlon he may be allowed Lemporary llberLy under hls ball When no ball was flled or Lhe accused ls lncapable of flllng one Lhe courL may allow hls release on recognlzance Lo Lhe cusLody of a responslble member of Lhe communlLy ln no case shall ball be allowed afLer Lhe accused has commenced Lo serve senLence
Sec 23 CourL supervlslon of deLalnees 1he courL shall exerclse supervlslon over all persons ln cusLody for Lhe purpose of ellmlnaLlng unnecessary deLenLlon 1he execuLlve [udges of Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourLs shall conducL monLhly personal lnspecLlons of provlnclal clLy and munlclpal [alls and Lhe prlsoners wlLhln Lhelr respecLlve [urlsdlcLlons 1hey shall ascerLaln Lhe number of deLalnees lnqulre on Lhelr proper accommodaLlon and healLh and examlne Lhe condlLlon of Lhe [all faclllLles 1hey shall order Lhe segregaLlon of sexes and of mlnors from adulLs ensure Lhe observance of Lhe rlghL of deLalnees Lo confer prlvaLely wlLh counsel and sLrlve Lo ellmlnaLe condlLlons lnlmlcal Lo Lhe deLalnees
ln clLles and munlclpallLles Lo be speclfled by Lhe Supreme CourL Lhe munlclpal Lrlal [udges or munlclpal clrculL Lrlal [udges shall conducL monLhly personal lnspecLlons of Lhe munlclpal [alls ln Lhelr respecLlve munlclpallLles and submlL a reporL Lo Lhe execuLlve [udge of Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL havlng [urlsdlcLlon Lhereln
A monLhly reporL of such vlslLaLlon shall be submlLLed by Lhe execuLlve [udges Lo Lhe CourL AdmlnlsLraLor whlch shall sLaLe Lhe LoLal number of deLalnees Lhe names of Lhose held for more Lhan LhlrLy (30) days Lhe duraLlon of deLenLlon Lhe crlme charged Lhe sLaLus of Lhe case Lhe cause for deLenLlon and oLher perLlnenL lnformaLlon
Sec 26 8all noL a bar Lo ob[ecLlons on lllegal arresL lack of or lrregular prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon An appllcaLlon for or admlsslon Lo ball shall noL bar Lhe accused from challenglng Lhe valldlLy of hls arresL or Lhe legallLy of Lhe warranL lssued Lherefore or from assalllng Lhe regularlLy or quesLlonlng Lhe absence of a prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon of Lhe charge agalnsL hlm provlded LhaL he ralses Lhem before enLerlng hls plea 1he courL shall resolve Lhe maLLer as early as pracLlcable buL noL laLer Lhan Lhe sLarL of Lhe Lrlal of Lhe case kULL 11S kIGn1S CI ACCUSLD
SecLlon 1 8lghLs of accused aL Lrlal ln all crlmlnal prosecuLlons Lhe accused shall be enLlLled Lo Lhe followlng rlghLs
(a) 1o be presumed lnnocenL unLll Lhe conLrary ls proved beyond reasonable doubL (b) 1o be lnformed of Lhe naLure and cause of Lhe accusaLlon agalnsL hlm
(c) 1o be presenL and defend ln person and by counsel aL every sLage of Lhe proceedlngs from arralgnmenL Lo promulgaLlon of Lhe [udgmenL 1he accused may however walve hls presence aL Lhe Lrlal pursuanL Lo Lhe sLlpulaLlons seL forLh ln hls ball unless hls presence ls speclflcally ordered by Lhe courL for purposes of ldenLlflcaLlon 1he absence of Lhe accused wlLhouL [usLlflable cause aL Lhe Lrlal of whlch he had noLlce shall be consldered a walver of hls rlghL Lo be presenL LhereaL When an accused under cusLody escapes he shall be deemed Lo have walved hls rlghL Lo be presenL on all subsequenL Lrlal daLes unLll cusLody over hlm ls regalned upon moLlon Lhe accused may be allowed Lo defend hlmself ln person when lL sufflclenLly appears Lo Lhe courL LhaL he can properly proLecL hls rlghLs wlLhouL Lhe asslsLance of counsel
(d) 1o LesLlfy as a wlLness ln hls own behalf buL sub[ecL Lo crossexamlnaLlon on maLLers covered by dlrecL examlnaLlon Pls sllence shall noL ln any manner pre[udlce hlm
(e) 1o be exempL from belng compelled Lo be a wlLness agalnsL hlmself
(f) 1o confronL and crossexamlne Lhe wlLnesses agalnsL hlm aL Lhe Lrlal LlLher parLy may uLlllze as parL of lLs evldence Lhe LesLlmony of a wlLness who ls deceased ouL of or can noL wlLh due dlllgence be found ln Lhe hlllpplnes unavallable or oLherwlse unable Lo LesLlfy glven ln anoLher case or proceedlng [udlclal or admlnlsLraLlve lnvolvlng Lhe same parLles and sub[ecL maLLer Lhe adverse parLy havlng Lhe opporLunlLy Lo crossexamlne hlm
(g) 1o have compulsory process lssued Lo secure Lhe aLLendance of wlLnesses and producLlon of oLher evldence ln hls behalf
(h) 1o have speedy lmparLlal and publlc Lrlal
(l) 1o appeal ln all cases allowed and ln Lhe manner prescrlbed by law kULL 116 AkkAIGNMLN1 AND LLA SecLlon 1 ArralgnmenL and plea how made (a) 1he accused musL be arralgned before Lhe courL where Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon was flled or asslgned for Lrlal 1he arralgnmenL shall be made ln open courL by Lhe [udge or clerk by furnlshlng Lhe accused wlLh a copy of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon readlng Lhe same ln Lhe language or dlalecL known Lo hlm and asklng hlm wheLher he pleads gullLy or noL gullLy 1he prosecuLlon may call aL Lhe Lrlal wlLnesses oLher Lhan Lhose named ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon
(b) 1he accused musL be presenL aL Lhe arralgnmenL and musL personally enLer hls plea 8oLh arralgnmenL and plea shall be made of record buL fallure Lo do so shall noL affecL Lhe valldlLy of Lhe proceedlngs
(c) When Lhe accused refuses Lo plead or makes a condlLlonal plea a plea of noL gullLy shall be enLered for hlm
(d) When Lhe accused pleads gullLy buL presenLs exculpaLory evldence hls plea shall be deemed wlLhdrawn and a plea of noL gullLy shall be enLered for hlm
(e) When Lhe accused ls under prevenLlve deLenLlon hls case shall be raffled and lLs records LransmlLLed Lo Lhe [udge Lo whom Lhe case was raffled wlLhln Lhree (3) days from Lhe flllng of Lhe lnformaLlon or complalnL 1he accused shall be arralgned wlLhln Len (10) days from Lhe daLe of Lhe raffle 1he preLrlal conference of hls case shall be held wlLhln Len (10) days afLer arralgnmenL
(f) 1he prlvaLe offended parLy shall be requlred Lo appear aL Lhe arralgnmenL for purposes of plea bargalnlng deLermlnaLlon of clvll llablllLy and oLher maLLers requlrlng hls presence ln case of fallure of Lhe offended parLy Lo appear desplLe due noLlce Lhe courL may allow Lhe accused Lo enLer a plea of gullLy Lo a lesser offense whlch ls necessarlly lncluded ln Lhe offense charged wlLh Lhe conformlLy of Lhe Lrlal prosecuLor alone
(g) unless a shorLer perlod ls provlded by speclal law or Supreme CourL clrcular Lhe arralgnmenL shall be held wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from Lhe daLe Lhe courL acqulres [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe person of Lhe accused 1he Llme of Lhe pendency of a moLlon Lo quash or for a blll or parLlculars or oLher causes [usLlfylng suspenslon of Lhe arralgnmenL shall be excluded ln compuLlng Lhe perlod
Sec 2 lea of gullLy Lo a lesser offense AL arralgnmenL Lhe accused wlLh Lhe consenL of Lhe offended parLy and prosecuLor may be allowed by Lhe Lrlal courL Lo plead gullLy Lo a lesser offense whlch ls necessarlly lncluded ln Lhe offense charged AfLer arralgnmenL buL before Lrlal Lhe accused may sLlll be allowed Lo plead gullLy Lo sald lesser offense afLer wlLhdrawlng hls plea of noL gullLy no amendmenL of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon ls necessary chan robles vlrLual law llbrary
Sec 3 lea of gullLy Lo caplLal offense recepLlon of evldence When Lhe accused pleads gullLy Lo a caplLal offense Lhe courL shall conducL a searchlng lnqulry lnLo Lhe volunLarlness and full comprehenslon of Lhe consequences of hls plea and shall requlre Lhe prosecuLlon Lo prove hls gullL and Lhe preclse degree of culpablllLy 1he accused may presenL evldence ln hls behalf
Sec 4 lea of gullLy Lo noncaplLal offense recepLlon of evldence dlscreLlonary When Lhe accused pleads gullLy Lo a noncaplLal offense Lhe courL may recelve evldence from Lhe parLles Lo deLermlne Lhe penalLy Lo be lmposed
Sec 3 WlLhdrawal of lmprovldenL plea of gullLy AL any Llme before Lhe [udgmenL of convlcLlon becomes flnal Lhe courL may permlL an lmprovldenL plea of gullLy Lo be wlLhdrawn and be subsLlLuLed by a plea of noL gullLy
Sec 6 uuLy of courL Lo lnform accused of hls rlghL Lo counsel 8efore arralgnmenL Lhe courL shall lnform Lhe accused of hls rlghL Lo counsel and ask hlm lf he deslres Lo have one unless Lhe accused ls allowed Lo defend hlmself ln person or has employed counsel of hls cholce Lhe courL musL asslgn a counsel de offlclo Lo defend hlm
Sec 7 AppolnLmenL of counsel de offlclo 1he courL conslderlng Lhe gravlLy of Lhe offense and Lhe dlfflculLy of Lhe quesLlons LhaL may arlse shall appolnL as counsel de offlclo such members of Lhe bar ln good sLandlng who by reason of Lhelr experlence and ablllLy can compeLenLly defend Lhe accused 8uL ln locallLles where such members of Lhe bar are noL avallable Lhe courL may appolnL any person resldenL of Lhe provlnce and of good repuLe for problLy and ablllLy Lo defend Lhe accused
Sec 8 1lme for counsel de offlclo Lo prepare for arralgnmenL Whenever a counsel de offlce ls appolnLed by Lhe courL Lo defend Lhe accused aL Lhe arralgnmenL he shall be glven a reasonable Llme Lo consulL wlLh Lhe accused as Lo hls plea before proceedlng wlLh Lhe arralgnmenL
Sec 9 8lll of parLlculars 1he accused may before arralgnmenL move for a blll of parLlculars Lo enable hlm properly Lo plead and prepare for Lrlal 1he moLlon shall speclfy Lhe alleged defecLs of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon and Lhe deLalls deslred
Sec 10 roducLlon or lnspecLlon of maLerlal evldence ln possesslon of prosecuLlon upon moLlon of Lhe accused showlng good cause and wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe parLles Lhe courL ln order Lo prevenL surprlse suppresslon or alLeraLlon may order Lhe prosecuLlon Lo produce and permlL Lhe lnspecLlon and copylng or phoLographlng of any wrlLLen sLaLemenL glven by Lhe complalnanL and oLher wlLnesses ln any lnvesLlgaLlon of Lhe offense conducLed by Lhe prosecuLlon or oLher lnvesLlgaLlng offlcers as well as any deslgnaLed documenLs papers books accounLs leLLers phoLographs ob[ecL or Langlble Lhlngs noL oLherwlse prlvlleged whlch consLlLuLe or conLaln evldence maLerlal Lo any maLLer lnvolved ln Lhe case and whlch are ln Lhe possesslon or under Lhe conLrol of Lhe prosecuLlon pollce or oLher law lnvesLlgaLlng agencles
Sec 11 Suspenslon of arralgnmenL upon moLlon by Lhe proper parLy Lhe arralgnmenL shall be suspended ln Lhe followlng cases
(a) 1he accused appears Lo be sufferlng from an unsound menLal condlLlon whlch effecLlvely renders hlm unable Lo fully undersLand Lhe charge agalnsL hlm and Lo plead lnLelllgenLly LhereLo ln such case Lhe courL shall order hls menLal examlnaLlon and lf necessary hls conflnemenL for such purpose (b) 1here exlsLs a pre[udlclal quesLlon and
(c) A peLlLlon for revlew of Lhe resoluLlon of Lhe prosecuLor ls pendlng aL elLher Lhe ueparLmenL of !usLlce or Lhe Cfflce of Lhe resldenL provlded LhaL Lhe perlod of suspenslon shall noL exceed slxLy (60) days counLed from Lhe flllng of Lhe peLlLlon wlLh Lhe revlewlng offlce
kULL 117 MC1ICN 1C UASn SecLlon 1 1lme Lo move Lo quash AL any Llme before enLerlng hls plea Lhe accused may move Lo quash Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon
Sec 2 lorm and conLenLs 1he moLlon Lo quash shall be ln wrlLlng slgned by Lhe accused or hls counsel and shall dlsLlncLly speclfy lLs facLual and legal grounds 1he courL shall conslder no ground oLher Lhan Lhose sLaLed ln Lhe moLlon excepL lack of [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe offense charged
Sec 3 Crounds 1he accused may move Lo quash Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon on any of Lhe followlng grounds
(a) 1haL Lhe facLs charged do noL consLlLuLe an offense (b) 1haL Lhe courL Lrylng Lhe case has no [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe offense charged
(c) 1haL Lhe courL Lrylng Lhe case has no [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe person of Lhe accused
(d) 1haL Lhe offlcer who flled Lhe lnformaLlon had no auLhorlLy Lo do so
(e) 1haL lL does noL conform subsLanLlally Lo Lhe prescrlbed form
(f) 1haL more Lhan one offense ls charged excepL when a slngle punlshmenL for varlous offenses ls prescrlbed by law
(g) 1haL Lhe crlmlnal acLlon or llablllLy has been exLlngulshed
(h) 1haL lL conLalns avermenLs whlch lf Lrue would consLlLuLe a legal excuse or [usLlflcaLlon and
(l) 1haL Lhe accused has been prevlously convlcLed or acqulLLed of Lhe offense charged or Lhe case agalnsL hlm was dlsmlssed or oLherwlse LermlnaLed wlLhouL hls express consenL
Sec 4 AmendmenL of complalnL or lnformaLlon lf Lhe moLlon Lo quash ls based on an alleged defecL of Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon whlch can be cured by amendmenL Lhe courL shall order LhaL an amendmenL be made lf lL ls based on Lhe ground LhaL Lhe facLs charged do noL consLlLuLe an offense Lhe prosecuLlon shall be glven by Lhe courL an opporLunlLy Lo correcL Lhe defecL by amendmenL 1he moLlon shall be granLed lf Lhe prosecuLlon falls Lo make Lhe amendmenL or Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon sLlll suffers from Lhe same defecL desplLe Lhe amendmenL
Sec 3 LffecL of susLalnlng Lhe moLlon Lo quash lf Lhe moLlon Lo quash ls susLalned Lhe courL may order LhaL anoLher complalnL or lnformaLlon be flled excepL as provlded ln secLlon 6 of Lhls rule lf Lhe order ls made Lhe accused lf ln cusLody shall noL be dlscharged unless admlLLed Lo ball lf no order ls made or lf havlng been made no new lnformaLlon ls flled wlLhln Lhe Llme speclfled ln Lhe order or wlLhln such furLher Llme as Lhe courL may allow for good cause Lhe accused lf ln cusLody shall be dlscharged unless he ls also ln cusLody of anoLher charge
Sec 6 Crder susLalnlng Lhe moLlon Lo quash noL a bar Lo anoLher prosecuLlon excepLlon An order susLalnlng Lhe moLlon Lo quash ls noL a bar Lo anoLher prosecuLlon for Lhe same offense unless Lhe moLlon was based on Lhe grounds speclfled ln secLlon 3 (g) and (l) of Lhls 8ule
Sec 7 lormer convlcLlon or acqulLLal double [eopardy When an accused has been convlcLed or acqulLLed or Lhe case agalnsL hlm dlsmlssed or oLherwlse LermlnaLed wlLhouL hls express consenL by a courL of compeLenL [urlsdlcLlon upon a valld complalnL or lnformaLlon or oLher formal charge sufflclenL ln form and subsLance Lo susLaln a convlcLlon and afLer Lhe accused had pleaded Lo Lhe charge Lhe convlcLlon or acqulLLal of Lhe accused or Lhe dlsmlssal of Lhe case shall be a bar Lo anoLher prosecuLlon for Lhe offense charged or for any aLLempL Lo commlL Lhe same or frusLraLlon Lhereof or for any offense whlch necessarlly lncludes or ls necessarlly lncluded ln Lhe offense charged ln Lhe former complalnL or lnformaLlon
Powever Lhe convlcLlon of Lhe accused shall noL be a bar Lo anoLher prosecuLlon for an offense whlch necessarlly lncludes Lhe offense charged ln Lhe former complalnL or lnformaLlon under any of Lhe followlng lnsLances
(a) Lhe graver offense developed due Lo supervenlng facLs arlslng from Lhe same acL or omlsslon consLlLuLlng Lhe former charge (b) Lhe facLs consLlLuLlng Lhe graver charge became known or were dlscovered only afLer a plea was enLered ln Lhe former complalnL or lnformaLlon or
(c) Lhe plea of gullLy Lo Lhe lesser offense was made wlLhouL Lhe consenL of Lhe prosecuLor and of Lhe offended parLy excepL as provlded ln secLlon 1(f) of 8ule 116
ln any of Lhe foregolng cases where Lhe accused saLlsfles or serves ln whole or ln parL Lhe [udgmenL he shall be credlLed wlLh Lhe same ln Lhe evenL of convlcLlon for Lhe graver offense Sec 8 rovlslonal dlsmlssal A case shall noL be provlslonally dlsmlssed excepL wlLh Lhe express consenL of Lhe accused and wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe offended parLy
1he provlslonal dlsmlssal of offenses punlshable by lmprlsonmenL noL exceedlng slx (6) years or a flne of any amounL or boLh shall become permanenL one (1) year afLer lssuance of Lhe order wlLhouL Lhe case havlng been revlved WlLh respecL Lo offenses punlshable by lmprlsonmenL of more Lhan slx (6) years Lhelr provlslonal dlsmlssal shall become permanenL Lwo (2) years afLer lssuance of Lhe order wlLhouL Lhe case havlng been revlved
Sec 9 lallure Lo move Lo quash or Lo allege any ground Lherefore 1he fallure of Lhe accused Lo asserL any ground of a moLlon Lo quash before he pleads Lo Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon elLher because he dld noL flle a moLlon Lo quash or falled Lo allege Lhe same ln sald moLlon shall be deemed a walver of any ob[ecLlons excepL Lhose based on Lhe grounds provlded for ln paragraphs (a) (b) (g) and (l) of secLlon 3 of Lhls 8ule kULL 118 kL1kIAL SecLlon 1 reLrlal mandaLory ln crlmlnal cases ln all crlmlnal cases cognlzable by Lhe Sandlganbayan 8eglonal 1rlal CourL MeLropollLan 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL ln ClLles Munlclpal 1rlal CourL and Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL Lhe courL shall afLer arralgnmenL and wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from Lhe daLe Lhe courL acqulres [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe person of Lhe accused unless a shorLer perlod ls provlded for ln speclal laws or clrculars of Lhe Supreme CourL order a preLrlal conference Lo conslder Lhe followlng (a) plea bargalnlng (b) sLlpulaLlon of facLs (c) marklng for ldenLlflcaLlon of evldence of Lhe parLles (d) walver of ob[ecLlons Lo admlsslblllLy of evldence (e) modlflcaLlon of Lhe order of Lrlal lf Lhe accused admlLs Lhe charge buL lnLerposes a lawful defense and (f) such maLLers as wlll promoLe a falr and expedlLlous Lrlal of Lhe crlmlnal and clvll aspecLs of Lhe case Sec 2 reLrlal agreemenL All agreemenLs or admlsslons made or enLered durlng Lhe preLrlal conference shall be reduced ln wrlLlng and slgned by Lhe accused and counsel oLherwlse Lhey cannoL be used agalnsL Lhe accused 1he agreemenLs coverlng Lhe maLLers referred Lo ln secLlon 1 of Lhls 8ule shall be approved by Lhe courL Sec 3 nonappearance aL preLrlal conference lf Lhe counsel for Lhe accused or Lhe prosecuLor does noL appear aL Lhe preLrlal conference and does noL offer an accepLable excuse for hls lack of cooperaLlon Lhe courL may lmpose proper sancLlons or penalLles
Sec 4 reLrlal order AfLer Lhe preLrlal conference Lhe courL shall lssue an order reclLlng Lhe acLlons Laken Lhe facLs sLlpulaLed and evldence marked Such order shall blnd Lhe parLles llmlL Lhe Lrlal Lo maLLers noL dlsposed of and conLrol Lhe course f Lhe acLlon durlng Lhe Lrlal unless modlfled by Lhe courL Lo prevenL manlfesL ln[usLlce
kULL 119 1kIAL SecLlon 1 1lme Lo prepare for Lrlal AfLer a plea of noL gullLy ls enLered Lhe accused shall have aL leasL flfLeen (13) days Lo prepare for Lrlal 1he Lrlal shall commence wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from recelpL of Lhe preLrlal order chan robles vlrLual law llbrary
Sec 2 ConLlnuous Lrlal unLll LermlnaLed posLponemenLs 1rlal once commenced shall conLlnue from day Lo day as far as pracLlcable unLll LermlnaLed lL may be posLponed for a reasonable perlod of Llme for good cause
1he courL shall afLer consulLaLlon wlLh Lhe prosecuLor and defense counsel seL Lhe case for conLlnuous Lrall on a weekly or oLher shorLLerm Lrlal calendar aL Lhe earllesL posslble Llme so as Lo ensure speedy Lrlal ln no case shall Lhe enLlre Lrlal perlod exceed one hundred elghLy (180) days from Lhe flrsL day of Lrlal excepL as oLherwlse auLhorlzed by Lhe Supreme CourL
1he Llme llmlLaLlons provlded under Lhls secLlon and Lhe precedlng secLlon shall noL apply where speclal laws or clrculars of Lhe Supreme CourL provlde for a shorLer perlod of Lrlal
Sec 3 Lxcluslons 1he followlng perlods of delay shall be excluded ln compuLlng Lhe Llme wlLhln whlch Lrlal musL commence
(a) Any perlod of delay resulLlng from oLher proceedlngs concernlng Lhe accused lncludlng buL noL llmlLed Lo Lhe followlng
(1) uelay resulLlng from an examlnaLlon of Lhe physlcal and menLal condlLlon of Lhe accused (2) uelay resulLlng from proceedlngs wlLh respecL Lo oLher crlmlnal charges agalnsL Lhe accused
(3) uelay resulLlng from exLraordlnary remedles agalnsL lnLerlocuLory orders
(4) uelay resulLlng from preLrlal proceedlngs provlded LhaL Lhe delay does noL exceed LhlrLy (30) days
(3) uelay resulLlng from orders of lnhlblLlon or proceedlngs relaLlng Lo change of venue of cases or Lransfer from oLher courLs
(6) uelay resulLlng from a flndlng of exlsLence of a pre[udlclal quesLlon and
(7) uelay reasonably aLLrlbuLable Lo any perlod noL Lo exceed LhlrLy (30) days durlng whlch any proceedlng concernlng Lhe accused ls acLually under advlsemenL
(b) Any perlod of delay resulLlng from Lhe absence or unavallablllLy of an essenLlal wlLness lor purposes of Lhls subparagraph an essenLlal wlLness shall be consldered absenL when hls whereabouLs are unknown or hls whereabouLs cannoL be deLermlned by due dlllgence Pe shall be consldered unavallable whenever hls whereabouLs are known buL hls presence for Lrlal cannoL be obLalned by due dlllgence
(c) Any perlod of delay resulLlng from Lhe menLal lncompeLence or physlcal lnablllLy of Lhe accused Lo sLand Lrlal
(d) lf Lhe lnformaLlon ls dlsmlssed upon moLlon of Lhe prosecuLlon and LhereafLer a charge ls flled agalnsL Lhe accused for Lhe same offense any perlod of delay from Lhe daLe Lhe charge was dlsmlssed Lo Lhe daLe Lhe Llme llmlLaLlon would commence Lo run as Lo Lhe subsequenL charge had Lhere been no prevlous charge
(e) A reasonable perlod of delay when Lhe accused ls [olned for Lrlal wlLh a coaccused over whom Lhe courL has noL acqulred [urlsdlcLlon or as Lo whom Lhe Llme for Lrlal has noL run and no moLlon for separaLe Lrlal has been granLed
(f) Any perlod of delay resulLlng from a conLlnuance granLed by any courL moLu proprlo or on moLlon of elLher Lhe accused or hls counsel or Lhe prosecuLlon lf Lhe courL granLed Lhe conLlnuance on Lhe basls of lLs flndlngs seL forLh ln Lhe order LhaL Lhe ends of [usLlce served by Laklng such acLlon ouLwelgh Lhe besL lnLeresL of Lhe publlc and Lhe accused ln a speedy Lrlal
Sec 4 lacLors for granLlng conLlnuance 1he followlng facLors among oLhers shall be consldered by a courL ln deLermlnlng wheLher Lo granL a conLlnuance under secLlon 3(f) of Lhls 8ule
(a) WheLher or noL Lhe fallure Lo granL a conLlnuance ln Lhe proceedlng would llkely make a conLlnuaLlon of such proceedlng lmposslble or resulL ln a mlscarrlage of [usLlce and
(b) WheLher or noL Lhe case Laken as a whole ls so novel unusual and complex due Lo Lhe number of accused or Lhe naLure of Lhe prosecuLlon or LhaL lL ls unreasonable Lo expecL adequaLe preparaLlon wlLhln Lhe perlods of Llme esLabllshed Lhereln
ln addlLlon no conLlnuance under secLlon 3(f) of Lhls 8ule shall be granLed because of congesLlon of Lhe courL's calendar or lack of dlllgenL preparaLlon or fallure Lo obLaln avallable wlLnesses on Lhe parL of Lhe prosecuLor
Sec 3 1lme llmlL followlng an order for new Lrlal lf Lhe accused ls Lo be Lrled agaln pursuanL Lo an order for a new Lrlal Lhe Lrlal shall commence wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from noLlce of Lhe order provlded LhaL lf Lhe perlod becomes lmpracLlcal due Lo unavallablllLy of wlLnesses and oLher facLors Lhe courL may exLend buL noL Lo exceed one hundred elghLy (180) days lor Lhe second Lwelve monLh perlod Lhe Llme llmlL shall be one hundred elghLy (180) days from noLlce of sald order for new Lrlal
Sec 6 LxLended Llme llmlL noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe provlslons of secLlon 1(g) 8ule 116 and Lhe precedlng secLlon 1 for Lhe flrsL LwelvecalendarmonLh perlod followlng lLs effecLlvlLy on SepLember 13 1998 Lhe Llme llmlL wlLh respecL Lo Lhe perlod from arralgnmenL Lo Lrlal lmposed by sald provlslon shall be one hundred elghLy (180) days lor Lhe second LwelvemonLh perlod Lhe Llme llmlL shall be one hundred LwenLy (120) days and for Lhe Lhlrd LwelvemonLh perlod Lhe Llme llmlL shall be elghLy (80) days
Sec 7 ubllc aLLorney's duLles where accused ls lmprlsoned lf Lhe publlc aLLorney asslgned Lo defend a person charged wlLh a crlme knows LhaL he laLLer ls prevenLlvely deLalned elLher because he ls charged wlLh a ballable crlme buL has no means Lo posL ball or ls charged wlLh a nonballable crlme or ls servlng a Lerm of lmprlsonmenL ln any penal lnsLlLuLlon lL shall be hls duLy Lo do Lhe followlng
(a) Shall prompLly underLake Lo obLaln Lhe presence of Lhe prlsoner for Lrlal or cause a noLlce Lo be served on Lhe person havlng cusLody of Lhe prlsoner requlrlng such person Lo so advlse Lhe prlsoner of hls rlghL and demand Lrlal (b) upon recelpL of LhaL noLlce Lhe cusLodlan of Lhe prlsoner shall prompLly advlse Lhe prlsoner of Lhe charge and of hls rlghL Lo demand Lrlal lf aL anyLlme LhereafLer Lhe prlsoner lnforms hls cusLodlan LhaL he demands such Lrlal Lhe laLLer shall cause noLlce Lo LhaL effecL Lo be senL prompLly Lo Lhe publlc aLLorney
(c) upon recelpL of such noLlce Lhe publlc aLLorney shall prompLly seek Lo obLaln Lhe presence of Lhe prlsoner for Lrlal
(d) When Lhe cusLodlan of Lhe prlsoner recelves from Lhe publlc aLLorney a properly supporLed requesL for Lhe avallablllLy of Lhe prlsoner for purpose of Lrlal Lhe prlsoner shall be made avallable accordlngly
Sec 8 SancLlons ln any case ln whlch prlvaLe counsel for Lhe accused Lhe publlc aLLorney or Lhe prosecuLor
(a) knowlngly allows Lhe case Lo be seL for Lrlal wlLhouL dlscloslng LhaL a necessary wlLness would be unavallable for Lrlal (b) llles a moLlon solely for delay whlch he knows ls LoLally frlvolous and wlLhouL merlL
(c) Makes a sLaLemenL for Lhe purpose of obLalnlng conLlnuance whlch he knows Lo be false and whlch ls maLerlal Lo Lhe granLlng of a conLlnuance or
(d) Wlllfully falls Lo proceed Lo Lrlal wlLhouL [usLlflcaLlon conslsLenL wlLh Lhe provlslons hereof Lhe courL may punlsh such counsel aLLorney or prosecuLor as follows
(1) 8y lmposlng on a counsel prlvaLely reLalned ln connecLlon wlLh Lhe defense o fan accused a flne noL exceedlng LwenLy Lhousand pesos (2000000) (2) 8y lmposlng on any appolnLed counsel de offlclo publlc aLLorney or prosecuLor a flne noL exceedlng flve Lhousand pesos (300000) and
(3) 8y denylng any defense counsel or prosecuLor Lhe rlghL Lo pracLlce before Lhe courL Lrylng Lhe case for a perlod noL exceedlng LhlrLy (30) days 1he punlshmenL provlded for by Lhls secLlon shall be wlLhouL pre[udlce Lo any approprlaLe crlmlnal acLlon or oLher sancLlon auLhorlzed under Lhese rules
Sec 9 8emedy where accused ls noL broughL Lo Lrlal wlLhln Lhe Llme llmlL lf Lhe accused ls noL broughL Lo Lrlal wlLhln Lhe Llme llmlL requlred by SecLlon 1(g) 8ule 116 and SecLlon 1 as exLended by SecLlon 6 of Lhls 8ule Lhe lnformaLlon may be dlsmlssed on moLlon of Lhe accused on Lhe ground of denlal of hls rlghL Lo speedy Lrlal 1he accused shall have Lhe burden of provlng Lhe moLlon buL Lhe prosecuLlon shall have Lhe burden of golng forward wlLh Lhe evldence Lo esLabllsh Lhe excluslon of Llme under secLlon 3 of Lhls rule 1he dlsmlssal shall be sub[ecL Lo Lhe rules on double [eopardy lallure of Lhe accused Lo move for dlsmlssal prlor Lo Lrlal shall consLlLuLe a walver of Lhe rlghL Lo dlsmlss under Lhls secLlon
Sec 10 Law on speedy Lrlal noL a bar Lo provlslon on speedy Lrlal ln Lhe ConsLlLuLlon no provlslon of law on speedy Lrlal and no rule lmplemenLlng Lhe same shall be lnLerpreLed as a bar Lo any charge of denlal of Lhe rlghL Lo speedy Lrlal guaranLeed by SecLlon 14(2) ArLlcle lll of Lhe 1987 ConsLlLuLlon
Sec 11 Crder of Lrlal 1he Lrlal shall proceed ln Lhe followlng order
(a) 1he prosecuLlon shall presenL evldence Lo prove Lhe charge and ln Lhe proper case Lhe clvll llablllLy (b) 1he accused may presenL evldence Lo prove hls defense and damages lf any arlslng from Lhe lssuance of a provlslonal remedy ln Lhe case
(c) 1he prosecuLlon and Lhe defense may ln LhaL order presenL rebuLLal and surrebuLLal evldence unless Lhe courL ln furLherance of [usLlce permlLs Lhem Lo presenL addlLlonal evldence bearlng upon Lhe maln lssue
(d) upon admlsslon of evldence of Lhe parLles Lhe case shall be deemed submlLLed for declslon unless Lhe courL dlrecLs Lhem Lo argue orally or Lo submlL wrlLLen memoranda
(e) When Lhe accused admlLs Lhe acL or omlsslon charged ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon buL lnLerposes a lawful defense Lhe order of Lrlal may be modlfled
Sec 12 AppllcaLlon for examlnaLlon of wlLness for accused before Lrlal When Lhe accused has been held Lo answer for an offense he may upon moLlon wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe oLher parLles have wlLnesses condlLlonally examlned ln hls behalf 1he moLlon shall sLaLe (a) Lhe name and resldence of Lhe wlLness (b) Lhe subsLance of hls LesLlmony and (c) LhaL Lhe wlLness ls slck or lnflrm as Lo afford reasonable ground for bellevlng LhaL he wlll noL be able Lo aLLend Lhe Lrlal or resldes more Lhan one hundred (100) kllomeLers from Lhe place of Lrlal and has no means Lo aLLend Lhe same or LhaL oLher slmllar clrcumsLances exlsL LhaL would make hlm unavallable or prevenL hlm from aLLendlng Lhe Lrlal 1he moLlon shall be supporLed by an affldavlL of Lhe accused and such oLher evldence as Lhe courL may requlrechan robles vlrLual law llbrary Sec 13 LxamlnaLlon of defense wlLness how made lf Lhe courL ls saLlsfled LhaL Lhe examlnaLlon of a wlLness for Lhe accused ls necessary an order shall be made dlrecLlng LhaL Lhe wlLness be examlned aL a speclflc daLe Llme and place and LhaL a copy of Lhe order be served on Lhe prosecuLor aL leasL Lhree (3) days before Lhe scheduled examlnaLlon 1he examlnaLlon shall be Laken before a [udge or lf noL pracLlcable a member of Lhe 8ar ln good sLandlng so deslgnaLed by Lhe [udge ln Lhe order or lf Lhe order be made by a courL of superlor [urlsdlcLlon before an lnferlor courL Lo be deslgnaLed Lhereln 1he examlnaLlon shall proceed noLwlLhsLandlng Lhe absence of Lhe prosecuLor provlded he was duly noLlfled of Lhe hearlng A wrlLLen record of Lhe LesLlmony shall be Laken
Sec 14 8all Lo secure appearance of maLerlal wlLness When Lhe courL ls saLlsfled upon proof of oaLh LhaL a maLerlal wlLness wlll noL LesLlfy when requlred lL may upon moLlon of elLher parLy order Lhe wlLness Lo posL ball ln such sum as may be deemed proper upon refusal Lo posL ball Lhe courL shall commlL hlm Lo prlson unLll he complles or ls legally dlscharged afLer hls LesLlmony has been Laken
Sec 13 LxamlnaLlon of wlLness for Lhe prosecuLlon When lL ls saLlsfacLorlly appears LhaL a wlLness for Lhe prosecuLlon ls Loo slck or lnflrm Lo appear aL Lhe Lrlal as dlrecLed by Lhe courL of has Lo leave Lhe hlllpplnes wlLh no deflnlLe daLe of reLurnlng he may forLhwlLh be condlLlonally examlned before Lhe courL where Lhe case ls pendlng Such examlnaLlon ln Lhe presence of Lhe accused or ln hls absence afLer reasonable noLlce Lo aLLend Lhe examlnaLlon has been served on hlm shall be conducLed ln Lhe same manner as an examlnaLlon aL Lhe Lrlal lallure or refusal of Lhe accused Lo aLLend Lhe examlnaLlon aL Lhe Lrlal lallure or refusal of Lhe accused Lo aLLend Lhe examlnaLlon afLer noLlce shall be consldered a walver 1he sLaLemenL Laken may be admlLLed ln behalf of or agalnsL Lhe accused
Sec 16 1rlal of several accused When Lwo or more accused are [olnLly charged wlLh an offense Lhey shall be Lrled [olnLly unless Lhe courL ln lLs dlscreLlon and upon moLlon of Lhe prosecuLor or any accused orders separaLe Lrlal for one or more accused
Sec 17 ulscharge of accused Lo be sLaLe wlLness When Lwo or more persons are [olnLly charged wlLh Lhe commlsslon of any offense upon moLlon of Lhe prosecuLlon before resLlng lLs case Lhe courL may dlrecL one or more of Lhe accused Lo be dlscharged wlLh Lhelr consenL so LhaL Lhey may be wlLnesses for Lhe sLaLe when afLer requlrlng Lhe prosecuLlon Lo presenL evldence and Lhe sworn sLaLemenL of each proposed sLaLe wlLness aL a hearlng ln supporL of Lhe dlscharge Lhe courL ls saLlsfled LhaL
(a) 1here ls absoluLe necesslLy for Lhe LesLlmony of Lhe accused whose dlscharge ls requesLed (b) 1here ls no oLher dlrecL evldence avallable for Lhe proper prosecuLlon of Lhe offense commlLLed excepL Lhe LesLlmony of sald accused
(c) 1he LesLlmony of sald accused can be subsLanLlally corroboraLed ln lLs maLerlal polnLs
(d) Sald accused does noL appear Lo be Lhe mosL gullLy and
(e) Sald accused has noL aL any Llme been convlcLed of any offense lnvolvlng moral LurplLude
Lvldence adduced ln supporL of Lhe dlscharge shall auLomaLlcally form parL of Lhe Lrlal lf Lhe courL denles Lhe moLlon for dlscharge of Lhe accused as sLaLe wlLness hls sworn sLaLemenL shall be lnadmlsslble ln evldence Sec 18 ulscharge of accused operaLes as acqulLLal 1he order lndlcaLed ln Lhe precedlng secLlon shall amounL Lo an acqulLLal of Lhe dlscharged accused and shall be a bar Lo fuLure prosecuLlon for Lhe same offense unless Lhe accused falls or refuses Lo LesLlfy agalnsL hls coaccused ln accordance wlLh hls sworn sLaLemenL consLlLuLlng Lhe basls for hls dlscharge
Sec 19 When mlsLake has been made ln charglng Lhe proper offense When lL becomes manlfesL aL any Llme before [udgmenL LhaL a mlsLake has been made ln charglng Lhe proper offense and Lhe accused cannoL be convlcLed of Lhe offense charged or any oLher offense necessarlly lncluded Lhereln Lhe accused shall noL be dlscharged lf Lhere appears good cause Lo deLaln hlm ln such case Lhe courL shall commlL Lhe accused Lo answer for Lhe proper offense and dlsmlss Lhe orlglnal case upon Lhe flllng of Lhe proper lnformaLlon
Sec 20 AppolnLmenL of acLlng prosecuLor When a prosecuLor hls asslsLanL or depuLy ls dlsquallfled Lo acL due Lo any of Lhe grounds sLaLed ln secLlon 1 of 8ule 137 or for any oLher reason Lhe [udge or Lhe prosecuLor shall communlcaLe wlLh Lhe SecreLary of !usLlce ln order LhaL Lhe laLLer may appolnL an acLlng prosecuLor
Sec 21 Lxcluslon of Lhe publlc 1he [udge may moLu proprlo exclude Lhe publlc from Lhe courLroom lf Lhe evldence Lo be produced durlng Lhe Lrlal ls offenslve Lo decency or publlc morals Pe may also on moLlon of Lhe accused exclude Lhe publlc from Lhe Lrlal excepL courL personnel and Lhe counsel of Lhe parLles
Sec 22 ConsolldaLlon of Lrlals of relaLed offenses Charges for offenses founded on Lhe same facLs or formlng parL of a serles of offenses of slmllar characLer may be Lrled [olnLly aL Lhe dlscreLlon of Lhe courL
Sec 23 uemurrer Lo evldence AfLer Lhe prosecuLlon resLs lLs case Lhe courL may dlsmlss Lhe acLlon on Lhe ground of lnsufflclency of evldence (1) on lLs own lnlLlaLlve afLer glvlng Lhe prosecuLlon Lhe opporLunlLy Lo be heard or (2) upon demurrer Lo evldence flled by Lhe accused wlLh or wlLhouL leave of courL
lf Lhe courL denles Lhe demurrer Lo evldence flled wlLh leave of courL Lhe accused may adduce evldence ln hls defense When Lhe demurrer Lo evldence ls flled wlLhouL leave of courL Lhe accused walves Lhe rlghL Lo presenL evldence and submlLs Lhe case for [udgmenL on Lhe basls of Lhe evldence for Lhe prosecuLlon
1he moLlon for leave of courL Lo flle demurrer Lo evldence shall speclflcally sLaLe lLs grounds and shall be flled wlLhln a nonexLendlble perlod of flve (3) days afLer Lhe prosecuLlon resLs lLs case 1he prosecuLlon may oppose Lhe moLlon wlLhln a nonexLendlble perlod of flve (3) days from lLs recelpL
lf leave of courL ls granLed Lhe accused shall flle Lhe demurrer Lo evldence wlLhln a nonexLendlble perlod of Len (10) days from noLlce 1he prosecuLlon may oppose Lhe demurrer Lo evldence wlLhln a slmllar perlod from lLs recelpL
1he order denylng Lhe moLlon for leave of courL Lo flle demurrer Lo evldence or Lhe demurrer lLself shall noL be revlewable by appeal or by cerLlorarl before [udgmenL
Sec 24 8eopenlng AL any Llme before flnallLy of Lhe [udgmenL of convlcLlon Lhe [udge may moLu proprlo or upon moLlon wlLh hearlng ln elLher case reopen Lhe proceedlngs Lo avold a mlscarrlage of [usLlce 1he proceedlngs shall be LermlnaLed wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from Lhe order granLlng lL
8uLL 120 !uuCMLn1
SecLlon 1 !udgmenL deflnlLlon and form !udgmenL ls Lhe ad[udlcaLlon by Lhe courL LhaL Lhe accused ls gullLy or noL gullLy of Lhe offense charged and Lhe lmposlLlon on hlm of Lhe proper penalLy and clvll llablllLy lf any lL musL be wrlLLen ln Lhe offlclal language personally and dlrecLly prepared by Lhe [udge and slgned by hlm and shall conLaln clearly and dlsLlncLly a sLaLemenL of Lhe facLs and Lhe law upon whlch lL ls based
Sec 2 ConLenLs of Lhe [udgmenL lf Lhe [udgmenL ls of convlcLlon lL shall sLaLe (1) Lhe legal quallflcaLlon of Lhe offense consLlLuLed by Lhe acLs commlLLed by Lhe accused and Lhe aggravaLlng or mlLlgaLlng clrcumsLances whlch aLLended lLs commlsslon (2) Lhe parLlclpaLlon of Lhe accused ln Lhe offense wheLher as prlnclpal accompllce or accessory afLer Lhe facL (3) Lhe penalLy lmposed upon Lhe accused and (4) Lhe clvll llablllLy or damages caused by hls wrongful acL or omlsslon Lo be recovered from Lhe accused by Lhe offended parLy lf Lhere ls any unless Lhe enforcemenL of Lhe clvll llablllLy by a separaLe clvll acLlon has been reserved or walved
ln case Lhe [udgmenL ls of acqulLLal lL shall sLaLe wheLher Lhe evldence of Lhe prosecuLlon absoluLely falled Lo prove Lhe gullL of Lhe accused or merely falled Lo prove hls gullL beyond reasonable doubL ln elLher case Lhe [udgmenL shall deLermlne lf Lhe acL or omlsslon from whlch Lhe clvll llablllLy mlghL arlse dld noL exlsL
Sec 3 !udgmenL for Lwo or more offenses When Lwo or more offenses are charged ln a slngle complalnL or lnformaLlon buL Lhe accused falls Lo ob[ecL Lo lL before Lrlal Lhe courL may convlcL hlm of as many offenses as are charged and proved and lmpose on hlm Lhe penalLy for each offense seLLlng ouL separaLely Lhe flndlngs of facL and law ln each offense
Sec 4 !udgmenL ln case of varlance beLween allegaLlon and proof When Lhere ls varlance beLween Lhe offense charged ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon and LhaL proved and Lhe offense as charged ls lncluded ln or necessarlly lncludes Lhe offense proved Lhe accused shall be convlcLed of Lhe offense proved whlch ls lncluded ln Lhe offense charged or of Lhe offense charged whlch ls lncluded ln Lhe offense proved
Sec 3 When an offense lncludes or ls lncluded ln anoLher An offense charged necessarlly lncludes Lhe offense proved when some of Lhe essenLlal elemenLs or lngredlenLs of Lhe former as alleged ln Lhe complalnL or lnformaLlon consLlLuLe Lhe laLLer And an offense charged ls necessarlly lncluded ln Lhe offense proved when Lhe essenLlal lngredlenLs of Lhe former consLlLuLe or form parL of Lhose consLlLuLlng Lhe laLLer
Sec 6 romulgaLlon of [udgmenL 1he [udgmenL ls promulgaLed by readlng lL ln Lhe presence of Lhe accused and any [udge of Lhe courL ln whlch lL was rendered Powever lf Lhe convlcLlon ls for a llghL offense Lhe [udgmenL may be pronounced ln Lhe presence of hls counsel or represenLaLlve When Lhe [udge ls absenL or ouLslde Lhe provlnce or clLy Lhe [udgmenL may be promulgaLed by Lhe clerk of courL
lf Lhe accused ls conflned or deLalned ln anoLher provlnce or clLy Lhe [udgmenL may be promulgaLed by Lhe execuLlve [udge of Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL havlng [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe place of conflnemenL or deLenLlon upon requesL of Lhe courL whlch rendered Lhe [udgmenL 1he courL promulgaLlng Lhe [udgmenL shall have auLhorlLy Lo accepL Lhe noLlce of appeal and Lo approve Lhe ball bond pendlng appeal provlded LhaL lf Lhe declslon of Lhe Lrlal courL convlcLlng Lhe accused changed Lhe naLure of Lhe offense from nonballable Lo ballable Lhe appllcaLlon for ball can only be flled and resolved by Lhe appellaLe courLchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
1he proper clerk of courL shall glve noLlce Lo Lhe accused personally or Lhrough hls bondsman or warden and counsel requlrlng hlm Lo be presenL aL Lhe promulgaLlon of Lhe declslon lf Lhe accused was Lrled ln absenLla because he [umped ball or escaped from prlson Lhe noLlce Lo hlm shall be served aL hls lasL known address
ln case Lhe accused falls Lo appear aL Lhe scheduled daLe of promulgaLlon of [udgmenL desplLe noLlce Lhe promulgaLlon shall be made by recordlng Lhe [udgmenL ln Lhe crlmlnal dockeL and servlng hlm a copy Lhereof aL hls lasL known address or Lhru hls counsel
lf Lhe [udgmenL ls for convlcLlon and Lhe fallure of Lhe accused Lo appear was wlLhouL [usLlflable cause he shall lose Lhe remedles avallable ln Lhese rules agalnsL Lhe [udgmenL and Lhe courL shall order hls arresL WlLhln flfLeen (13) days from promulgaLlon of [udgmenL however Lhe accused may surrender and flle a moLlon for leave of courL Lo avall of Lhese remedles Pe shall sLaLe Lhe reasons for hls absence aL Lhe scheduled promulgaLlon and lf he proves LhaL hls absence was for a [usLlflable cause he shall be allowed Lo avall of sald remedles wlLhln flfLeen (13) days from noLlce
Sec 7 ModlflcaLlon of [udgmenL A [udgmenL of convlcLlon may upon moLlon of Lhe accused be modlfled or seL aslde before lL becomes flnal or before appeal ls perfecLed LxcepL where Lhe deaLh penalLy ls lmposed a [udgmenL becomes flnal afLer Lhe lapse of Lhe perlod for perfecLlng an appeal or when Lhe senLence has been parLlally or LoLally saLlsfled or served or when Lhe accused has walved ln wrlLlng hls rlghL Lo appeal or has applled for probaLlon
Sec 8 LnLry of [udgmenL AfLer a [udgmenL has become flnal lL shall be enLered ln accordance wlLh 8ule 36
Sec 9 LxlsLlng provlslons governlng suspenslon of senLence probaLlon and parole noL affecLed by Lhls 8ule noLhlng ln Lhls rule shall affecL any exlsLlng provlslons ln Lhe laws governlng suspenslon of senLence probaLlon or parole
8uLL 121 nLW 18lAL C8 8LCCnSluL8A1lCn
SecLlon 1 new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon AL any Llme before a [udgmenL of convlcLlon becomes flnal Lhe courL may on moLlon of Lhe accused or aL lLs own lnsLance buL wlLh Lhe consenL of Lhe accused granL a new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon
Sec 2 Crounds for a new Lrlal 1he courL shall granL a new Lrlal on any of Lhe followlng grounds
(a) 1haL errors of law or lrregularlLles pre[udlclal Lo Lhe subsLanLlal rlghLs of Lhe accused have been commlLLed durlng Lhe Lrlal (b) 1haL new and maLerlal evldence has been dlscovered whlch Lhe accused could noL wlLh reasonable dlllgence have dlscovered and produced aL Lhe Lrlal and whlch lf lnLroduced and admlLLed would probably change Lhe [udgmenL
Sec 3 Cround for reconslderaLlon 1he courL shall granL reconslderaLlon on Lhe ground of errors of law or facL ln Lhe [udgmenL whlch requlres no furLher proceedlngs Sec 4 lorm of moLlon and noLlce Lo Lhe prosecuLor 1he moLlon for new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon shall be ln wrlLlng and shall sLaLe Lhe grounds on whlch lL ls based lf based on a newlydlscovered evldence Lhe moLlon musL be supporLed by affldavlLs of wlLnesses by whom such evldence ls expecLed Lo be glven or by duly auLhenLlcaLed coples of documenLs whlch are proposed Lo be lnLroduced ln evldence noLlce of Lhe moLlon for new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon shall be glven Lo Lhe prosecuLor
Sec 3 Pearlng on moLlon Where a moLlon for new Lrlal calls for resoluLlon of any quesLlon of facL Lhe courL may hear evldence Lhereon by affldavlLs or oLherwlse
Sec 6 LffecLs of granLlng a new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon 1he effecLs of granLlng a new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon are Lhe followlng
(a) When a new Lrlal ls granLed on Lhe ground of errors of law or lrregularlLles commlLLed durlng Lhe Lrlal all Lhe proceedlngs and evldence affecLed Lhereby shall be seL aslde and Laken anew 1he courL may ln Lhe lnLeresL of [usLlce allow Lhe lnLroducLlon of addlLlonal evldence (b) When a new Lrlal ls granLed on Lhe ground of newlydlscovered evldence Lhe evldence already adduced shall sLand and Lhe newlydlscovered and such oLher evldence as Lhe courL may ln Lhe lnLeresL of [usLlce allow Lo be lnLroduced shall be Laken and consldered LogeLher wlLh Lhe evldence already ln Lhe record
(c) ln all cases when Lhe courL granLs new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon Lhe orlglnal [udgmenL shall be seL aslde or vacaLed and a new [udgmenL rendered accordlngly
8uLL 122 ALAL
SecLlon 1 Who may appeal Any parLy may appeal from a [udgmenL or flnal order unless Lhe accused wlll be placed ln double [eopardy
Sec 2 Where Lo appeal 1he appeal may be Laken as follows
(a) 1o Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL ln cases declded by Lhe MeLropollLan 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL ln ClLles Munlclpal 1rlal CourL or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL (b) 1o Lhe CourL of Appeals or Lo Lhe Supreme CourL ln Lhe proper cases provlded by law ln cases declded by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL and
(c) 1o Lhe Supreme CourL ln cases declded by Lhe CourL of Appeals
Sec 3 Pow appeal Laken (a) 1he appeal Lo Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL or Lo Lhe CourL of Appeals ln cases declded by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL ln Lhe exerclse of lLs orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon shall be Laken by flllng a noLlce of appeal wlLh Lhe courL whlch rendered Lhe [udgmenL or flnal order appealed from and by servlng a copy Lhereof upon Lhe adverse parLy (b) 1he appeal Lo Lhe CourL of Appeals ln cases declded by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL ln Lhe exerclse of lLs appellaLe [urlsdlcLlon shall be by peLlLlon for revlew under 8ule 42
(c) 1he appeal Lo Lhe Supreme CourL ln cases where Lhe penalLy lmposed by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL ls recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL or where a lesser penalLy ls lmposed buL for offenses commlLLed on Lhe same occaslon or whlch arose ouL of Lhe same occurrence LhaL gave rlse Lo Lhe more serlous offense for whlch Lhe penalLy of deaLh recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL ls lmposed shall be by flllng a noLlce of appeal ln accordance wlLh paragraph (a) of Lhls secLlon
(d) no noLlce of appeal ls necessary ln cases where Lhe deaLh penalLy ls lmposed by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL 1he same shall be auLomaLlcally revlewed by Lhe Supreme CourL as provlded ln secLlon 10 of Lhls 8ule
LxcepL as provlded ln Lhe lasL paragraph of secLlon 13 8ule 124 all oLher appeals Lo Lhe Supreme CourL shall be by peLlLlon for revlew on cerLlorarl under 8ule 43
Sec 4 Servlce of noLlce of appeal lf personal servlce of Lhe copy of Lhe noLlce of appeal can noL be made upon Lhe adverse parLy or hls counsel servlce may be done by reglsLered mall or by subsLlLuLed servlce pursuanL Lo secLlons 7 and 8 of 8ule 13
Sec 3 Walver of noLlce 1he appellee may walve hls rlghL Lo a noLlce LhaL an appeal has been Laken 1he appellaLe courL may ln lLs dlscreLlon enLerLaln an appeal noLwlLhsLandlng fallure Lo glve such noLlce lf Lhe lnLeresLs of [usLlce so requlre
Sec 6 When appeal Lo be Laken An appeal musL be Laken wlLhln flfLeen (13) days from promulgaLlon of Lhe [udgmenL or from noLlce of Lhe flnal order appealed from 1hls perlod for perfecLlng an appeal shall be suspended from Lhe Llme a moLlon for new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon ls flled unLll noLlce of Lhe order overrullng Lhe moLlon has been served upon Lhe accused or hls counsel aL whlch Llme Lhe balance of Lhe perlod beglns Lo run
Sec 7 1ranscrlblng and flllng noLes of sLenographlc reporLer upon appeal When noLlce of appeals ls flled by Lhe accused Lhe Lrlal courL shall dlrecL Lhe sLenographlc reporLer Lo Lranscrlbe hls noLes of Lhe proceedlngs When flled by Lhe eople of Lhe hlllpplnes Lhe Lrlal courL shall dlrecL Lhe sLenographlc reporLer Lo Lranscrlbe such porLlon of hls noLes of Lhe proceedlngs as Lhe courL upon moLlon shall speclfy ln wrlLlng 1he sLenographlc reporLer shall cerLlfy Lo Lhe correcLness of Lhe noLes and Lhe LranscrlpL Lhereof whlch shall conslsL of Lhe orlglnal and four coples and shall flle sald orlglnal and four coples wlLh Lhe clerk wlLhouL unnecessary delaychan robles vlrLual law llbrary
lf deaLh penalLy ls lmposed Lhe sLenographlc reporLer shall wlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from promulgaLlon of Lhe senLence flle wlLh Lhe clerk Lhe orlglnal and four coples of Lhe duly cerLlfled LranscrlpL of hls noLes of Lhe proceedlngs no exLenslon of Llme for flllng of sald LranscrlpL of sLenographlc noLes shall be granLed excepL by Lhe Supreme CourL and only upon [usLlflable grounds
Sec 8 1ransmlsslon of papers Lo appellaLe courL upon appeal WlLhln flve (3) days from Lhe flllng of Lhe noLlce of appeal Lhe clerk of courL wlLh whom Lhe noLlce of appeal was flled musL LransmlL Lo Lhe clerk of courL of Lhe appellaLe courL Lhe compleLe record of Lhe case LogeLher wlLh sald noLlce 1he orlglnal and Lhree coples of Lhe LranscrlpL of sLenographlc noLes LogeLher wlLh Lhe records shall also be LransmlLLed Lo Lhe clerk of Lhe appellaLe courL wlLhouL undue delay 1he oLher copy of Lhe LranscrlpL shall remaln ln Lhe lower courL
Sec 9 Appeal Lo Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourLs (a) WlLhln flve (3) days from perfecLlon of Lhe appeal Lhe clerk of courL shall LransmlL Lhe orlglnal record Lo Lhe approprlaLe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL
(b) upon recelpL of Lhe compleLe record of Lhe case LranscrlpLs and exhlblLs Lhe clerk of courL of Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL shall noLlfy Lhe parLles of such facL
(c) WlLhln flfLeen (13) days from recelpL of sald noLlce Lhe parLles may submlL memoranda or brlefs or may be requlred by Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL Lo do so AfLer Lhe submlsslon of such memoranda or brlefs or upon Lhe explraLlon of Lhe perlod Lo flle Lhe same Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL shall declde Lhe case on Lhe basls of Lhe enLlre record of Lhe case and of such memoranda or brlefs as may have been flled
Sec 10 1ransmlsslon of records ln case of deaLh penalLy ln all cases where Lhe deaLh penalLy ls lmposed by Lhe Lrlal courL Lhe records shall be forwarded Lo Lhe Supreme CourL for auLomaLlc revlew and [udgmenL wlLhln flve (3) days afLer Lhe flfLeenLh (13) day followlng Lhe promulgaLlon of Lhe [udgmenL or noLlce of denlal of a moLlon for new Lrlal or reconslderaLlon 1he LranscrlpL shall also be forwarded wlLhln Len (10) days afLer Lhe flllng Lhereof by Lhe sLenographlc reporLer
Sec 11 LffecL of appeal by any of several accused (a) An appeal Laken by one or more of several accused shall noL affecL Lhose who dld noL appeal excepL lnsofar as Lhe [udgmenL of Lhe appellaLe courL ls favorable and appllcable Lo Lhe laLLer
(b) 1he appeal of Lhe offended parLy from Lhe clvll aspecL shall noL affecL Lhe crlmlnal aspecL of Lhe [udgmenL or order appealed from
(c) upon perfecLlon of Lhe appeal Lhe execuLlon of Lhe [udgmenL or flnal order appealed from shall be sLayed as Lo Lhe appeallng parLy
Sec 12 WlLhdrawal of appeal noLwlLhsLandlng perfecLlon of Lhe appeal Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL MeLropollLan 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL ln ClLles Munlclpal 1rlal CourL or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL as Lhe case may be may allow Lhe appellanL Lo wlLhdraw hls appeal before Lhe record has been forwarded by Lhe clerk of courL Lo Lhe proper appellaLe courL as provlded ln secLlon 8 ln whlch case Lhe [udgmenL shall become flnal 1he 8eglonal 1rlal CourL may also ln lLs dlscreLlon allow Lhe appellanL from Lhe [udgmenL of a MeLropollLan 1rlal CourL Munlclpal 1rlal CourL ln ClLles Munlclpal 1rlal CourL or Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourL Lo wlLhdraw hls appeal provlded a moLlon Lo LhaL effecL ls flled before rendlLlon of Lhe [udgmenL ln Lhe case on appeal ln whlch case Lhe [udgmenL of Lhe courL of orlgln shall become flnal and Lhe case shall be remanded Lo Lhe laLLer courL for execuLlon of Lhe [udgmenL
Sec 13 AppolnLmenL of counsel de offlclo for accused on appeal lL shall be Lhe duLy of Lhe clerk of courL of Lhe Lrlal courL upon flllng of a noLlce of appeal Lo ascerLaln from Lhe appellanL lf conflned ln prlson wheLher he deslres Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL CourL of Appeals or Lhe Supreme CourL Lo appolnL a counsel de offlclo Lo defend hlm and Lo LransmlL wlLh Lhe record on a form Lo be prepared by Lhe clerk of courL of Lhe appellaLe courL a cerLlflcaLe of compllance wlLh Lhls duLy and of Lhe response of Lhe appellaLe Lo hls lnqulry
8uLL 123 8CCLuu8L ln 1PL MunlClAL 18lAL CCu81S
SecLlon 1 unlform rocedure 1he procedure Lo be observed ln Lhe MeLropollLan 1rlal CourLs Munlclpal 1rlal CourLs and Munlclpal ClrculL 1rlal CourLs shall be Lhe same as ln Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourLs excepL where a parLlcular provlslon applles only Lo elLher of sald courLs and ln crlmlnal cases governed by Lhe 8evlsed 8ule on Summary rocedure
8uLL 124 8CCLuu8L ln 1PL CCu81 Cl ALALS
SecLlon 1 1lLle of Lhe case ln all crlmlnal cases appealed Lo Lhe CourL of Appeals Lhe parLy appeallng Lhe case shall be called Lhe appellanL and Lhe adverse parLy Lhe appellee buL Lhe LlLle of Lhe case shall remaln as lL was ln Lhe courL of orlgln
Sec 2 AppolnLmenL of counsel de offlclo for Lhe accused lf lL appears from Lhe record of Lhe case as LransmlLLed LhaL (a) Lhe accused ls conflned ln prlson (b) ls wlLhouL counsel de parLe on appeal or (c) has slgned Lhe noLlce of appeal hlmself ask Lhe clerk of courL of Lhe CourL of Appeals shall deslgnaLe a counsel de offlclo
An appellanL who ls noL conflned ln prlson may upon requesL be asslgned a counsel de offlclo wlLhln Len (10) days from recelpL of Lhe noLlce Lo flle brlef and he esLabllshes hls rlghL LhereLo
Sec 3 When brlef for appellanL Lo be flled WlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from recelpL by Lhe appellanL or hls counsel of Lhe noLlce from Lhe clerk of courL of Lhe CourL of Appeals LhaL Lhe evldence oral and documenLary ls already aLLached Lo Lhe record Lhe appellanL shall flle seven (7) coples of hls brlef wlLh Lhe clerk of courL whlch shall be accompanled by proof of servlce of Lwo (2) coples Lhereof upon Lhe appellee
Sec 4 When brlef for appellee Lo be flled reply brlef of Lhe appellanL WlLhln LhlrLy (30) days from recelpL of Lhe brlef of Lhe appellanL Lhe appellee shall flle seven (7) coples of Lhe brlef of Lhe appellee wlLh Lhe clerk of courL whlch shall be accompanled by proof of servlce of Lwo (2) coples Lhereof upon Lhe appellanL
WlLhln LwenLy (20) days from recelpL of Lhe brlef of Lhe appellee Lhe appellanL may flle a reply brlef Lraverslng maLLers ralsed ln Lhe former buL noL covered ln Lhe brlef of Lhe appellanL
Sec 3 LxLenslon of Llme for flllng brlefs LxLenslon of Llme for Lhe flllng of brlefs wlll noL be allowed excepL for good and sufflclenL cause and only lf Lhe moLlon for exLenslon ls flled before Lhe explraLlon of Lhe Llme soughL Lo be exLended
Sec 6 lorm of brlefs 8rlefs shall elLher be prlnLed encoded or LypewrlLLen ln double space on legal slze good quallLy unglazed paper 330 mm ln lengLh by 216 mm ln wldLh
Sec 7 ConLenLs of brlef 1he brlefs ln crlmlnal cases shall have Lhe same conLenLs as provlded ln secLlons 13 and 14 of 8ule 44 A cerLlfled Lrue copy of Lhe declslon or flnal order appealed from shall be appended Lo Lhe brlef of Lhe appellanL
Sec 8 ulsmlssal of appeal for abandonmenL or fallure Lo prosecuLe 1he CourL of Appeals may upon moLlon of Lhe appellee or moLu proprlo and wlLh noLlce Lo Lhe appellanL ln elLher case dlsmlss Lhe appeal lf Lhe appellanL falls Lo flle hls brlef wlLhln Lhe Llme prescrlbed by Lhls 8ule excepL where Lhe appellanL ls represenLed by a counsel de offlclo
1he CourL of Appeals may also upon moLlon of Lhe appellee or moLu proprlo dlsmlss Lhe appeal lf Lhe appellanL escapes from prlson or conflnemenL [umps ball or flees Lo a forelgn counLry durlng Lhe pendency of Lhe appeal
Sec 9 rompL dlsposlLlon of appeals Appeals of accused who are under deLenLlon shall be glven precedence ln Lhelr dlsposlLlon over oLher appeals 1he CourL of Appeals shall hear and declde Lhe appeal aL Lhe earllesL pracLlcable Llme wlLh due regard Lo Lhe rlghLs of Lhe parLles 1he accused need noL be presenL ln courL durlng Lhe hearlng of Lhe appeal
Sec 10 !udgmenL noL Lo be reversed or modlfled excepL for subsLanLlal error no [udgmenL shall be reversed or modlfled unless Lhe CourL of Appeals afLer an examlnaLlon of Lhe record and of Lhe evldence adduced by Lhe parLles ls of Lhe oplnlon LhaL Lerror was commlLLed whlch ln[urlously affecLed Lhe subsLanLlal rlghLs of Lhe appellanL
Sec 11 Scope of [udgmenL 1he CourL of Appeals may reverse afflrm or modlfy Lhe [udgmenL and lncrease or reduce Lhe penalLy lmposed by Lhe Lrlal courL remand Lhe case Lo Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL for new Lrlal or reLrlal or dlsmlss Lhe case
Sec 12 ower Lo recelve evldence 1he CourL of Appeals shall have Lhe power Lo Lry cases and conducL hearlngs recelve evldence and perform any and all acLs necessary Lo resolve facLual lssues ralsed ln cases (a) falllng wlLhln lLs orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon (b) lnvolvlng clalms for damages arlslng from provlslonal remedles or (c) where Lhe courL granLs a new Lrlal based only on Lhe ground of newly dlscovered evldence
Sec 13 Cuorum of Lhe courL cerLlflcaLlon or appeal of cases Lo Supreme CourL 1hree (3) !usLlces of Lhe CourL of Appeals shall consLlLuLe a quorum for Lhe sesslons of a dlvlslon 1he unanlmous voLe of Lhe Lhree (3) !usLlces of a dlvlslon shall be necessary for Lhe pronouncemenL of a [udgmenL or flnal resoluLlon whlch shall be reached ln consulLaLlon before Lhe wrlLlng of Lhe oplnlon by a member of Lhe dlvlslon ln Lhe evenL LhaL Lhe Lhree (3) !usLlces can noL reach a unanlmous voLe Lhe resldlng !usLlce shall dlrecL Lhe raffle commlLLee of Lhe CourL Lo deslgnaLe Lwo (2) addlLlonal !usLlces Lo slL Lemporarlly wlLh Lhem formlng a speclal dlvlslon of flve (3) members and Lhe concurrence of a ma[orlLy of such dlvlslon shall be necessary for Lhe pronouncemenL of a [udgmenL or flnal resoluLlon 1he deslgnaLlon of such addlLlonal !usLlces shall be made sLrlcLly by raffle and roLaLlon among all oLher !usLlces of Lhe CourL of Appeals
Whenever Lhe CourL of Appeals flnd LhaL Lhe penalLy of deaLh recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL should be lmposed ln a case Lhe courL afLer dlscusslon of Lhe evldence and Lhe law lnvolved shall render [udgmenL lmposlng Lhe penalLy of deaLh recluslon perpeLua or llfe lmprlsonmenL as Lhe clrcumsLance warranL Powever lL shall refraln from enLerlng Lhe [udgmenL and forLhwlLh cerLlfy Lhe case and elevaLe Lhe enLlre record Lhereof Lo Lhe Supreme CourL for revlew
Sec 14 MoLlon for new Lrlal AL any Llme afLer Lhe appeal from Lhe lower courL has been perfecLed and before Lhe [udgmenL of Lhe CourL of Appeals convlcLlng Lhe appellanL becomes flnal Lhe laLLer may move for a new Lrlal on Lhe ground of newlydlscovered evldence maLerlal Lo hls defense 1he moLlon shall conform wlLh Lhe provlslons of secLlon 4 8ule 121
Sec 13 Where new Lrlal conducLed When a new Lrlal ls granLed Lhe CourL of Appeals may conducL Lhe hearlng and recelve evldence as provlded ln secLlon 12 of Lhls 8ule or refer Lhe Lrlal Lo Lhe courL of orlgln
Sec 16 8econslderaLlon A moLlon for reconslderaLlon shall be flled wlLhln flfLeen (13) days from noLlce of Lhe declslon or flnal order of Lhe CourL of Appeals wlLh coples Lhereof served upon Lhe adverse parLy seLLlng forLh Lhe grounds ln supporL Lhereof 1he mlLLlmus shall be sLayed durlng Lhe pendency of Lhe moLlon for reconslderaLlon no parLy shall be allowed a second moLlon for reconslderaLlon of a [udgmenL or flnal order
Sec 17 !udgmenL LransmlLLed and flled ln Lrlal courL When Lhe enLry of [udgmenL of Lhe CourL of Appeals ls lssued a cerLlfled Lrue copy of Lhe [udgmenL shall be aLLached Lo Lhe orlglnal record whlch shall be remanded Lo Lhe clerk of Lhe courL from whlch Lhe appeal was Laken
Sec 18 AppllcaLlon of cerLaln rules ln clvll procedure Lo crlmlnal cases 1he provlslons of 8ules 42 44 Lo 46 and 48 Lo 36 relaLlng Lo procedure ln Lhe CourL of Appeals and ln Lhe Supreme CourL ln orlglnal and appealed clvll cases shall be applled Lo crlmlnal cases lnsofar as Lhey are appllcable and noL lnconslsLenL wlLh Lhe provlslon of Lhls 8ule
8uLL 123 8CCLuu8L ln 1PL Su8LML CCu81
SecLlon 1 unlform rocedure unless oLherwlse provlded by Lhe ConsLlLuLlon or by law Lhe procedure ln Lhe Supreme CourL ln orlglnal and ln appealed cases shall be Lhe same as ln Lhe CourL of Appeals
Sec 2 8evlew of declslons of Lhe CourL of Appeals 1he procedure for Lhe revlew by Lhe Supreme CourL of declslons ln crlmlnal cases rendered by Lhe CourL of Appeals shall be Lhe same as ln clvll cases
Sec 3 ueclslon lf oplnlon ls equally dlvlded When Lhe Supreme CourL en banc ls equally dlvlded ln oplnlon or Lhe necessary ma[orlLy cannoL be had on wheLher Lo acqulL Lhe appellanL Lhe case shall agaln be dellberaLed upon and lf no declslon ls reached afLer redellberaLlon Lhe [udgmenL of convlcLlon of lower courL shall be reversed and Lhe accused acqulLLed
8uLL 126 SLA8CP Anu SLlZu8L
SecLlon 1 Search warranL deflned A search warranL ls an order ln wrlLlng lssued ln Lhe name of Lhe eople of Lhe hlllpplnes slgned by a [udge and dlrecLed Lo a peace offlcer commandlng hlm Lo search for personal properLy descrlbed Lhereln and brlng lL before Lhe courL
Sec 2 CourL where appllcaLlon for search warranL shall be flled An appllcaLlon for search warranL shall be flled wlLh Lhe followlng
(a) Any courL wlLhln whose LerrlLorlal [urlsdlcLlon a crlme was commlLLedchan robles vlrLual law llbrary (b) lor compelllng reasons sLaLed ln Lhe appllcaLlon any courL wlLhln Lhe [udlclal reglon where Lhe crlme was commlLLed lf Lhe place of Lhe commlsslon of Lhe crlme ls known or any courL wlLhln Lhe [udlclal reglon where Lhe warranL shall be enforced
Powever lf Lhe crlmlnal acLlon has already been flled Lhe appllcaLlon shall only be made ln Lhe courL where Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ls pendlng Sec 3 ersonal properLy Lo be selzed A search warranL may be lssued for Lhe search and selzure of personal properLy
(a) Sub[ecL of Lhe offense (b) SLolen or embezzled and oLher proceeds or frulLs of Lhe offense or
(c) used or lnLended Lo be used as Lhe means of commlLLlng an offense
Sec 4 8equlslLes for lssulng search warranL A search warranL shall noL lssue excepL upon probable cause ln connecLlon wlLh one speclflc offense Lo be deLermlned personally by Lhe [udge afLer examlnaLlon under oaLh or afflrmaLlon of Lhe complalnanL and Lhe wlLness he may produce and parLlcularly descrlblng Lhe place Lo be searched and Lhe Lhlngs Lo be selzed whlch may be anywhere ln Lhe hlllpplnes Sec 3 LxamlnaLlon of complalnanL record 1he [udge musL before lssulng Lhe warranL personally examlne ln Lhe form of searchlng quesLlons and answers ln wrlLlng and under oaLh Lhe complalnanL and Lhe wlLnesses he may produce on facLs personally known Lo Lhem and aLLach Lo Lhe record Lhelr sworn sLaLemenLs LogeLher wlLh Lhe affldavlLs submlLLed
Sec 6 lssuance and form of search warranL lf Lhe [udge ls saLlsfled of Lhe exlsLence of facLs upon whlch Lhe appllcaLlon ls based or LhaL Lhere ls probable cause Lo belleve LhaL Lhey exlsL he shall lssue Lhe warranL whlch musL be subsLanLlally ln Lhe form prescrlbed by Lhese 8ules
Sec 7 8lghL Lo break door or wlndow Lo effecL search 1he offlcer lf refused admlLLance Lo Lhe place of dlrecLed search afLer glvlng noLlce of hls purpose and auLhorlLy may break open any ouLer or lnner door or wlndow of a house or any parL of a house or anyLhlng Lhereln Lo execuLe Lhe warranL Lo llberaLe hlmself or any person lawfully aldlng hlm when unlawfully deLalned Lhereln
Sec 8 Search of house room or premlses Lo be made ln presence of Lwo wlLnesses no search of a house room or any oLher premlses shall be made excepL ln Lhe presence of Lhe lawful occupanL Lhereof or any member of hls famlly or ln Lhe absence of Lhe laLLer Lwo wlLnesses of sufflclenL age and dlscreLlon resldlng ln Lhe same locallLychan robles vlrLual law llbrary
Sec 9 1lme of maklng search 1he warranL musL dlrecL LhaL lL be served ln Lhe day Llme unless Lhe affldavlL asserLs LhaL Lhe properLy ls on Lhe person or ln Lhe place ordered Lo be searched ln whlch case a dlrecLlon may be lnserLed LhaL lL be served aL any Llme of Lhe day or nlghL
Sec 10 valldlLy of search warranL A search warranL shall be valld for Len (10) days from lLs daLe 1hereafLer lL shall be vold
Sec 11 8ecelpL for Lhe properLy selzed 1he offlcer selzlng Lhe properLy under Lhe warranL musL glve a deLalled recelpL for Lhe same Lo Lhe lawful occupanL of Lhe premlses ln whose presence Lhe search and selzure were made or ln Lhe absence of such occupanL musL ln Lhe presence of aL leasL Lwo wlLnesses of sufflclenL age and dlscreLlon resldlng ln Lhe same locallLy leave a recelpL ln Lhe place ln whlch he found Lhe selzed properLy
Sec 12 uellvery of properLy and lnvenLory Lhereof Lo courL reLurn and proceedlngs Lhereon (a) 1he offlcer musL forLhwlLh dellver Lhe properLy selzed Lo Lhe [udge who lssued Lhe warranL LogeLher wlLh a Lrue lnvenLory Lhereof duly verlfled under oaLh
(b) 1en (10) days afLer lssuance of Lhe search warranL Lhe lssulng [udge shall ascerLaln lf Lhe reLurn has been made and lf none shall summon Lhe person Lo whom Lhe warranL was lssued and requlre hlm Lo explaln why no reLurn was made lf Lhe reLurn has been made Lhe [udge shall ascerLaln wheLher secLlon 11 of Lhls 8ule has been complled wlLh and shall requlre LhaL Lhe properLy selzed be dellvered Lo hlm 1he [udge shall see Lo lL LhaL subsecLlon (a) hereof has been complled wlLh
(c) 1he reLurn on Lhe search warranL shall be flled and kepL by Lhe cusLodlan of Lhe log book on search warranLs who shall enLer Lhereln Lhe daLe of Lhe reLurn Lhe resulL and oLher acLlons of Lhe [udge
A vlolaLlon of Lhls secLlon shall consLlLuLe conLempL of courL
Sec 13 Search lncldenL Lo lawful arresL A person lawfully arresLed may be searched for dangerous weapons or anyLhlng whlch may have been used or consLlLuLe proof ln Lhe commlsslon of an offense wlLhouL a search warranL
Sec 14 MoLlon Lo quash a search warranL or Lo suppress evldence where Lo flle A moLlon Lo quash a search warranL and/or Lo suppress evldence obLalned Lhereby may be flled ln and acLed upon only by Lhe courL where Lhe acLlon has been lnsLlLuLed lf no crlmlnal acLlon has been lnsLlLuLed Lhe moLlon may be flled ln and resolved by Lhe courL LhaL lssued search warranL Powever lf such courL falled Lo resolve Lhe moLlon and a crlmlnal case ls subsequenLly flled ln anoLher courL Lhe moLlon shall be resolved by Lhe laLLer courLchan robles vlrLual law llbrary
8uLL 127 8CvlSlCnAL 8LMLulLS ln C8lMlnAL CASLS
SecLlon 1 AvallablllLy of provlslonal remedles 1he provlslonal remedles ln clvll acLlons lnsofar as Lhey are appllcable may be avalled of ln connecLlon wlLh Lhe clvll acLlon deemed lnsLlLuLed wlLh Lhe crlmlnal acLlon
Sec 2 ALLachmenL When Lhe clvll acLlon ls properly lnsLlLuLed ln Lhe crlmlnal acLlon as provlded ln 8ule 111 Lhe offended parLy may have Lhe properLy of Lhe accused aLLached as securlLy for Lhe saLlsfacLlon of any [udgmenL LhaL may be recovered from Lhe accused ln Lhe followlng cases
(a) When Lhe accused ls abouL Lo abscond from Lhe hlllpplnes (b) When Lhe crlmlnal acLlon ls based on a clalm for money or properLy embezzled or fraudulenLly mlsapplled or converLed Lo Lhe use of Lhe accused who ls a publlc offlcer offlcer of a corporaLlon aLLorney facLor broker agenL or clerk ln Lhe course of hls employmenL as such or by any oLher person ln a flduclary capaclLy or for a wlllful vlolaLlon of duLy
(c) When Lhe accused has concealed removed or dlsposed of hls properLy or ls abouL Lo do so and
(d) When Lhe accused resldes ouLslde Lhe hlllpplnes
Spouses Prudencio and Filomena Lim V Ma. Cheryl S. Lim, For Herself and On Behalf of Her Minor Children Lester Edward S. Lim, Candice Grace S. Lim, and Mariano S. Lim, III