WiMAX

Wi-Fi

1001
TEL(03)5712121 EXT. 56667

E-mail: andycyrus.cs94g@nctu.edu.tw, sychen@nbl.org.tw, {ynlin, ydlin}@cis.nctu.edu.tw

1. WiMAX Wi-Fi
WiMAX [1] Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
802.16 WMAN WiMAX
forum()
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers) 802.16 WMAN 802.16
fixed WMAN ( 802.16-2004) mobile WMAN ( 802.16e)
Wireless Fidelity [2] Wi-Fi 802.11802.11a802.11b
802.11g WMAN Wi-Fi
alliance( WiMAX forum )
IEEE 802.11 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network )

802.11 [2] 802.16 IEEE 802.11

WLAN 802.16 WMAN 802.16 802.11

WiMAX fixed mobile

2. 802.11(Wi-Fi) PHY MAC 802.16(WiMax)?

802.16 802.11
802.11 (Wi-Fi)
PHY (physical layer)
MAC
(Medium Access Control layer) CSMA/CA
IFS (Interframe Space)
WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
)
802.11
802.16 (WiMAX) PHY
MAC
PHY
MAC
802.11
CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) 802.16
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
802.16
fixed (802.16-2004)
mobile (802.16e)
802.16e
Handover


802.11
802.11 PHY power
Wi-Fi ISM
()
802.11
802.11 802.11

802.11 AP (Access Point)

AP 802.11 3 (channel)
AP AP
MT (Mobile Terminal)
802.11 MT

802.11 MAC CSMA

CSMA/CA IFS (interframe
space) propagation delay
IFS
IFS
CSMA/CA hidden terminal
exposed terminal
station hidden terminal exposed terminal
CSMA/CA IFS

3. WiMAX Wi-Fi PHY MAC ?

Wi-Fi 802.11
WMAN PHYMACQoS Wi-Fi
(802.11) WiMAX (802.16)
802.16 802.11 PHY
PHY () base band 802.16 802.11
modulation
channel access 802.16 802.11
modulation channel access 802.11 802.11a/g
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)OFDM NLOS
2

 multipath ISI (Inter Symbol Interference)

OFDM

802.16 TDD (Time Division Duplexing) FDD

(Frequency Division Duplexing)
MAC 802.11
MAC CSMA/CA
802.11n MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input and Multiple Output)
OFDM

multipath

54 Mbps 108 Mbps

multipath 802.16
NLOS multipath
MIMO

modulation 802.16 802.11

10~66GHz802.16
LOS (Line of Sight)
802.16 802.11
802.16 802.11
(Non-Line of Sight)
802.16

Wi-Fi (802.11)

WiMAX (802.16)

Modulation

.11/.11b: BPSK, QPSK

.11a/g: BPSK, QPSK,
16-QAM, 64-QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM,

64-QAM, 256-QAM

Channel access

.11/.11b: DSSS
.11a/g: OFDM

Duplexing

Done by MAC

BB (base band)

Space utilization
.11n: MIMO-OFDM
RF (radio frequency)

LOS: SC
NLOS: SCa, OFDM,
OFDMA
.16e: OFDMA
TDD or FDD with support of
MAC
N/A

Channel bandwidth

20 or 22 MHz

Frequency band

.11/b/g: 2.4GHz (83MHz

wide)
.11a: 5.2GHz (260MHz wide)

Power

.11/11b/g: 100mW
.11a: 1W

LOS: 25 or 28 MHz
NLOS: 1.25~28 MHz
LOS: 10~66 GHz
NLOS: 2~11 GHz
License-exempt: 5~6 GHz
16e: 2~11 GHz
63.5dbm (2238.72W) ~
64dbm (2511.89W)

90m
54 Mbps
30 km/hr

9.6KM
75Mbps
.16e: 70 km/hr

Ideal PHYs
Max. distance
Max. bitrate
Max. velocity of MT

802.11 802.16 PHY

3

 802.11 MAC
MAC ()QoS

802.16 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) BS (Base Station)

SS (Subscriber Station) BS
802.11 CSMA/CA station ( BS
SS )
802.16 TDMA station station
BS request
Ethernet exponential backoff station
stations BS station
station backoff
802.11 CSMA/CA Station station
IFS CW (Contention
Window) RTS
(Ready to Send) stations
CTS (Clear to Send)
station

BS SS 802.16 SS
SS BS 802.11 BS
SS (reliability)
(security)802.16 ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)ARQ
ACK
802.11 ACK
(acknowledge) ACK
802.11 ACK

802.16 ARQ 802.16

cryptographic suite PKM (key management protocol) cryptographic suite
BS SS PKM BS SS
encryption key 802.11 authentication WEP(Wired Equivalent
Privacy) Wi-Fi Alliance 802.11i [5] WPA
(Wi-Fi Protected Access) WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi WAP WAP2 WiMAX
QoS
QoS
802.16

BS SS unicast802.11 802.16 multicast

802.11 multicast 802.16 802.11 multicast BS
multicast ACK
802.16 multicast
CID (connection identifier) BS
CID SS
WiMAX
802.16 Ranging PHY
(ie. Burst profile modulation bandwidth)

Ranging
802.11k Ranging BS MT
802.16
QoS
parameterized
QoS 802.16
4 scheduling
UGS (Unsolicited Grant
Service) rtPS (real-time Polling Service) nrtPS (non-real-time Polling Service) BE
(Best Effort)
QoS
802.16
SS
BS
802.11 QoS
802.11e [6]
MAC DCF (distributed coordinate
function)
function: EDCA (HCF (Hybrid coordination function)
contention-based channel access)
HCCA (HCF controlled channel access)
priority QoS parameterized
QoS
Scheduling
802.11e
HCCA
QoS
data
QoS

Medium Access
Method

Wi-Fi(802.11)
CSMA/CA
Contention & polling

Contention resolution

By CSMA/CA and RTS/CTS

Connection

Pure connection of AP with MT

Reliable delivery

By ACK
11: authentication and WEP
11i: WAP & WAP2
Provided by .11e using HCCA
& EDCA
Defined in HCCA of .11e
Defined in HCCA of .11e
designated by the sending SS
Supported by .11k

Security
QoS
Scheduling
Bandwidth allocation
Multicast (receiver)
Ranging

WiMAX(802.16)
TDMA
Polling (contention during initial
ranging and request)
Binary exponential backoff
Connection of BS & SS, and
bandwidth allocation
By ARQ
By cryptographic suite & PKM
Defined spec and types of service
flows
4 service type: UGS, rtPS, nrtPS, BE
Defined request/grant flow
using the same CID
Specified procedure

802.11 802.16 MAC

5

802.11 802.16

AP
AP
4. WiMAX fixed(802.16-2004) mobile(802.16e)?
802.16-2004 802.16e [7]
802.16e
802.16-2004
HO (Handover) Power HO MT
BS BS
MT BS BS BSPower
MT MT
MT
802.16e
802.16e MAC
802.16e MAC HO 802.16e
Ranging HO
HO (1)
BS MT BS Neighbor advertisement (2) MT
BS scanning interval allocation request BS
BS scanning interval allocation report MT(3) BS MT
HO handover request MT BS HO
handover request BS MT handover response(4) MT HO
BS Handover indication HO

Power 802.16e scheduling 3

Sleep mode MT Sleep request
BS BS Sleep response

Modification of MAC
manage messages
Handover

Power

Additional MAC
manage messages
Additional MAC
management messages
Power saving

Others

Additional MAC
management messages
Scheduling
Multicast and broadcast
QoS

Ranging request/response message with

addition parameter for HO
Neighbor advertisement,
Scanning interval allocation request/report,
BS handover request,
MT handover request/response,
Handover indication messages.
Sleep request/response,
Power mode change request/response message.
Sleep mode for mobility-supporting MT,
MT idle mode (optional)
BS broadcast paging
Extended rtPS
Single and multiple BS
Global service flows

802.16e MAC
802.16e PHY
PHY 802.16e 802.16-2004 (2~11GHz)
mobility OFDMA
mobile MT BS
BS Active BS BS MT
Anchor BS
HO SHO (soft handover) MT
BS HO DL-MAP (BS
MT station ) UL-MAP (BS MT
station ) IE (Information Element)HO
anchor active DL-MAP IE Active BS ( anchor) DL-MAP
Anchor BS HO active anchor DL MAP IE
Anchor BS DL-MAP Active BS (
anchor)HO anchor active UL MAP IE HO active anchor UL MAP IE
MT Active BS anchor BS HO CID
translation MAP IE Active BS MT CID Anchor BS MT
CID BS MT CID
IE
Power open loop power control MT
Open loop power control MT DL UL
MT BS
802.16e Multicast Broadcast
Multicast & Broadcast service MAP IEDL PUSC allocation in other segment IE
UL PUSC allocation in other segment IE MT Anchor BS
Segment ( OFDMA subcarrier )
7


DL-MAP
Handover
UL-MAP
Power

Power control
DL-MAP

Others
UL-MAP

HO anchor active DL MAP IE,

HO active anchor DL MAP IE,
HO CID translation MAP IE
HO anchor active UL MAP IE,
HO active anchor UL MAP IE
Open loop power control
Multicast & Broadcast service MAP IE,
DL PUSC allocation in other segment IE
UL PUSC allocation in other segment IE

802.16e PHY

802.11 PHY MAC power CSMA/CA IFS

WMAN
802.11 802.16 PHY 802.16
802.11 802.11
MT MAC 802.11 CSMA/CA 802.16
TDMA BS
802.16e mobility handover

WiMAX [1] WiMAX Forum, http://www.wimaxforum.org/home.
Planet, http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/.
Wi-Fi [2][3] Wi-Fi
ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)

Specifications, 1999 Edition (R2003).

Standard, 802.16-2004 Part 16: Air Interface for
Wi-Fi [4] IEEE
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Oct 2004.
[5] IEEE Standard, 802.11i Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
WiMAX
Specifications. Amendment 6: Medium Access Control

(MAC) Security Enhancements, 2004.

[6]
IEEE Standard, 802.11e Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium

Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)

Specifications. Amendment: Medium Access Control

(MAC) Quality of Service (QoS) Enhancements, Jan

IEEE Standard, Draft IEEE Standard for Local and

WiMAX Wi-Fi [7] 2005.
metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed

and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems

Amendment for Physical and Medium Access Control
fixed WiMAX last
Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in
mileWi-Fi LAN
Licensed Bands, Feb 2005.

5.