DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : U.Rajya Lakshmi
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Computer Engg.,
Institute : Govt.Polytechnic for Women,
PALAMANER.
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Computer Architecture
Subject Code : CM-303
Topic : CPU Organization
Sub Topic : Micro & Macro Operations
Duration : 50 Min
Teaching aids : PPT,drawings
CM303.7 1
 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to define
• Micro operation
• Macro operation

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Micro and Macro Operations

CM303.7 3
 Introduction

• Digital computer performs various operations

• Operations are classified into

• Micro operations
• Macro operations

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 Micro operation
• It is the operation performed on the data
stored in registers during one clock pulse

• Result of the operation

• may replace the contents of the register

or
• may be transferred to another register

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 Micro operation
• Symbolic notation used to describe the micro
operation is register transfer language

• Examples are count,clear,move ,load etc.,

• Data transfer from R1 register to R2 register is

represented as
R2 R1

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 Macro operation
• For each instruction given to the computer
CPU needs to execute a sequence of micro
operations

• A set of micro operations specified by an

instruction is called a macro operation

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 Macro operation
• These set of micro operations are executed in
sequence

• For example, memory read instruction involves

the following sequence of micro operations
MAR address
issue read control signal
MDR M[MAR]

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 Summary
In this class you have learnt
Micro operation
Elementary operation performed on registers
Macro operation
A sequence of micro operations

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 Quiz

1. Micro operation is performed on

a) instructions
b) data stored in memory
c) data stored in registers

CM303.7 10
 Quiz

1. Micro operation is performed on

a) instructions
b) data stored in memory
c) data stored in registers

CM303.7 11
 Quiz

2. Macro operation is ________

Answer is

A sequence of micro operations

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 Short answer Questions

1. Define micro and macro operations

CM303.7 13