TF Glossary

UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE
in cooperation with the

Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation

-
Trade Facilitation Terms:

An English - Russian Glossary

: -

UNITED NATIONS
NEW YORK, GENEVA 2008
Note
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) serves as the
focal point within the United Nations system for the development of norms,
standards and policy recommendations regarding the facilitation of international
trade. The participants in the capacity-building workshop on WTO Trade
Facilitation Negotiations for eight countries from Eastern Europe, Central Asia
and the Caucasus organized by UNECE from 12 to 13 June 2006 in Chisinau,
Republic of Moldova, and other partners of UNECE in the Russian-speaking
countries, requested the UNECE secretariat to prepare this Glossary, with the
objective to clarify the use of Russian terms related to trade facilitation. This
publication is expected to become a standard reference work on trade
facilitation.
The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this
publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part
of the Secretariat of the United Nations.
The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the United Nations. Mention of company names or
commercial products does not imply endorsement by the United Nations.
ECE/TRADE/377
UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS

Sales N. E/R.08.II.E.12
ISBN 978-92-1-016371-2
ii
Table of Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................ iv
Message from Y. Primakov .............................................................................. viii
Introduction.......................................................................................................... x
Acknowledgements........................................................................................... xix
Terms ................................................................................................................... 1
International Organizations Dealing with Trade Facilitation........................... 195
Index of the Russian Terms ............................................................................. 208
...................................................................................................... vi
.. ................................ ix
.......................................................................................................... xiv
......................................................................... xix
.............................................................................................................. 1
... 195
- ............................................................... 208
iii
Preface
This English-Russian Glossary of trade facilitation terms is intended as an
authoritative international reference for translators and specialists in trade
facilitation in the Russian-speaking world. Trade facilitation addresses the
problems arising from inefficient trade procedures which incur high transaction
costs, hindering economic growth. It promotes the adoption of cutting-edge
technologies to reduce the subjective factor in cross-border trade. These
problems are more acute and less understood in the transition economies of
Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
In order to achieve the best practical results, the United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE) collaborated with the Chamber of Commerce
and Industry of the Russian Federation for the development of this publication.
The Glossary builds on the UNECEs pioneering experience promoting the
implementation of trade facilitation measures in UNECEs Russian-speaking
Member States.
The UNECE has been developing trade facilitation standards, recommendations
and tools for over forty-five years, thus contributing to the creation of a fair,
predictable and secure international trading system. Various key instruments
and concepts of trade facilitation have been developed at the UNECE the UN
Layout Key for trade documents; codes and recommendations for international
trade; and the unique global standard for electronic data interchange,
UN/EDIFACT. More recently, the UNECE trade facilitation Recommendation
33 on a Single Window for export and import clearance has become a key
reference worldwide, being cited in strategic documents of the European Union
and the World Trade Organization. As many CIS countries are entering the final
stages of WTO accession negotiations or have recently acceded to this
organization, this Glossary will be of growing assistance to their negotiators and
the general public.
UNECE is committed to achieving the United Nations objectives of sustainable
economic development and international cooperation, equitable trade and
poverty eradication, thus promoting peace and security. Consequently, we are
convinced that this work will add to the efforts to develop trade and raise the
well-being of the population of the Russian speaking countries. UNECE
contributes to the achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development
Goals with a view to develop an open, equitable, rule-based, predictable and
non-discriminatory multilateral trading system. 1 We believe that this should be
United Nations Document A/56/326, Annex.
iv
a step-by-step process, and every project, small or large, including the

production of this Glossary, is a step towards achieving our common goal.
Marek Belka
Executive Secretary
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

-

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United Nations Document A/56/326, Annex.
vii
Message to the users of this Glossary from Yevgeni M.

Primakov, President of the Chamber of Commerce and
Industry of the Russian Federation
On behalf of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation,
I would like to welcome users to this English-Russian Glossary of International
Trade Terms.
This reference tool is meant to provide practical help in trade development and
in the establishment of unified standards and tools for streamlining trade
procedures. It aims to improve understanding among trading partners.
I hope that this publication will contribute to the development of international
trade in compliance with the principles of the United Nations. I sincerely thank
the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe for its efficient and
fruitful cooperation.
Yevgeni Primakov
viii
..
-
- -
.
,
,
.
, , .
.
.
ix
Introduction
The idea to create this English-Russian glossary of trade facilitation terms
appeared during the organization of a UNECE seminar for WTO negotiators on
trade facilitation from several former Soviet republics (the WTO members
Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Moldova, as well as representatives from
four WTO accession countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan). During the preparation of a background study for this seminar, it
became clear that in many cases multiple terms and expressions were used in the
Russian language to denote a single established term in English. Sometimes
there was no Russian equivalent at all.
For example, at least three different terms are used in the Russian language
literature to express the concept of trade facilitation:
(a) (simplification of trade procedures),
which has acquired broad use in UNECE and in various circles dealing
with trade facilitation 3; which has become the established UN term in
Russian, but which has a much narrower meaning than the generally
accepted definition of trade facilitation as the simplification,
harmonization, standardization (with international standards), and
automation of trade procedures, which makes the movement of goods and
supporting information faster and more reliable;
(b) , is another term in use 4, but practically it means a
different thing, namely trade promotion. Many technical assistance
projects in Central Asia and the Caucasus have selected this term
regardless of the confusion that this creates;
(c) , which is the only literal translation, but sounds
inappropriate in Russian, and was not adopted by the UN translators in
the past probably for this reason. This term is still in use, however, in
various official documents in Russia. Notably, this is the term mentioned
at the official web site of the President of the Russian Federation. 5
3
:
(Trade Facilitation: Sharing the Gains of Globalization
in the New Security Environment), New York and Geneva, UN, 2004; xiv-443 p.
4
See for example the web site Regional Economic Cooperation (
):
-
(http://www.crc.mofcom.gov.cn/crweb/scor/info/Article.jsp?col_no=66&a_no=626)
5
,
, :
,
,
(www.kremlin.ru/interdocs/2005/05/10/1940_type72067_87994.shtml?type=72067). On
UNECE and the UN terminologists have adopted the term

as the Russian translation of trade facilitation to avoid this confusion.
The term trade and transport facilitation is more and more used to denote
simplifying, harmonizing, standardizing and automating trade procedures,
where transport is a major channel through which international trade actually
takes place. This concept covers the whole supply chain, rather than
concentrating exclusively on separate sectors, such as Customs procedures. It
covers all participants in the international trade transaction from buyers and
sellers to transporters, freight forwarders, and the banking sector.
Essentially, four areas are covered by this concept: (a) streamlining and
automation of trade information flows; (b) establishing public-private
partnerships involving all stakeholders in trade facilitation in a country; (c)
transit facilitation; and (d) facilitation of border-crossing procedures and
integrated border management. These areas correspond to our understanding of
trade facilitation through the supply chain, and UNECE provides facilitating
instruments in all four of them.
(a) The simplification, standardization, and automation of trade information
flows includes simplification and standardization of trade document and
data flows, as well as development of innovative electronic means of
information exchange; The key problem to be addressed by trade
facilitation is that in order to carry out an international trade transaction,
the site Virtual Customs of the Russian Federation ( ) there
is a statement with similar terminology:

(http://www.vch.ru/cgi-bin/guide.cgi?table_code=9&action=show&id=323).
The
Moscow State Academy of Law also refers to this term: 3.
.

. 10
http://eulaw.edu.ru/documents/legislation/eea/eep.htm). This term is used by media
sources:
.

(http://magazines.russ.ru/vestnik/2002/6/arh.html) or by the Customs agencies of the

former Soviet Republics (e.g. on the site of the State Customs Control Committee of the
Republic of Kazakhstan: , ,
2006/2007 - 2008/2009 ,
,
,
(http://www.customs.kz/exec/news/news_msg?newsid=466)
xi
the trader or his agent must complete many different forms, containing
mostly the same data. International experts estimated that in order to
carry out a transaction companies have to provide on the average 40
different forms containing to a large extent repetitive data, different
versions of these forms, and send them to different partners and agencies.
In order to address this problem experts have created: standards for the
format of international trade and transport documents (typically aligned
to the UN Layout Key for trade documents described in trade facilitation
Recommendation 1 of UNECE and UNCEFACT); international codes
(such as the location code or LOCODE); standards for the harmonization
of data element definitions and exchange. The concept of a Single
Window for export and import clearance (the subject of Recommendation
33), when all required information is filed to a single agency, in a single
entry spot, is the emanation of the objective of trade facilitation
elimination of the requirement to provide the same information in
different formats to different agencies and trading partners.
(b) Trade facilitation involves many different processes, control agencies,
business partners, financial institutions, transporters, freight forwarders,
etc. There are different interests involved, and it is often difficult to find
the right modus of cooperation among them. For this reason stakeholders
of trade facilitation have started establishing National Trade and
Transport Facilitation Committees as forums for exchange of views,
discussion of problems and propositions for solutions that would
facilitate documentary and other trade procedures. On the basis of such
experience in the most advanced countries, experts have drafted trade
facilitation Recommendation 4: National Trade Facilitation Bodies,
which has served as a guide for the establishment and functioning of a
number of trade facilitation committees in the developing and transition
economies.
(c) Transit facilitation is an important component of trade facilitation; dealt
with in a separate GATT article (art.VIII). UNECEs TIR Convention is a
major instrument making trade in the broader UNECE region possible
through simplifying transit procedures, and providing the rules and
guarantee system for transit trade.
(d) Streamlining border-crossing procedures, together with simplifying
information exchange, are the two major areas in which trade facilitation
in the transition economies has been necessary, as long delays on the
border are one of the key impediments to the faster movement of goods.
It is necessary to harmonize and unify the procedures of trade control
agencies at the border in an Integrated Border Management approach.
UNECEs Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of
Goods is a powerful legal instrument, signed by many CIS countries,
xii
which, if implemented, provides a broad framework for Integrated Border

management.
Another term, which indicates the confusion, is business process. Sometimes
this concept is referred to as . The meaning of this Russian
term (business transactions rather than processes) is different from the
English counterpart. A more appropriate translation would be
or .
The INCOTERMS - international rules for interpreting the most used terms in
international trade, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce and
recommended for use by UNECE - have been translated differently into Russian
by various organizations and users. We have adopted the translation offered on
the web site of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation.
This glossary covers: (1) general terms used in the literature and specialized
discussions, such as trade facilitation, integrated border management, data
elements, supply chain, EDI, or national trade and transport facilitation bodies;
(2) names of documents/forms with are used in international trade and transport,
and whose simplification and streamlining are the objective of trade facilitation;
(3) terms related to trade, Customs, freight forwarding, and transportation
procedures; (4) terms used in the WTO negotiations on trade facilitation; (5)
international legal instruments providing fore trade facilitation measures. In
many cases explanations of the terms are given only in Russian, as the glossary
is primarily oriented to our Russian-speaking stakeholders. The accuracy of
translating the name of each trade document (form) and each participant in the
trade transaction is very important. Translations should take into account the
role of the concrete form or person in the overall business process and the
supply chain.
Although this glossary covers many terms related to Customs tariffs and
Customs procedures, we depart from the idea that trade facilitation deals with
non-tariff barriers to trade, related to the movement of goods and information
about goods across borders.
The following symbols are used in the Glossary: - trade or transport form/
document; - the term is used by e-business specialists and programmers.
xiii

-

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trade facilitation:
(a) (simplification of trade procedures),
, ,
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;
(b) , 7,
, trade
promotion.

, ;
(c) , ,

, ,
. , -
6
:
(Trade Facilitation: Sharing the Gains of Globalization
in the New Security Environment), New York and Geneva, UN, 2004; xiv-443 p.
7
. Regional Economic Cooperation (
):
-
(http://www.crc.mofcom.gov.cn/crweb/scor/info/Article.jsp?col_no=66&a_no=626)
xiv
,
, - . 8
trade and transport facilitation
, ,
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(www.kremlin.ru/interdocs/2005/05/10/1940_type72067_87994.shtml?type=72067).
Virtual Customs of the Russian Federation ( )
:

(http://www.vch.ru/cgi-bin/guide.cgi?table_code=9&action=show&id=323).
:
3. .

.
10 http://eulaw.edu.ru/documents/legislation/eea/eep.htm).
:
.

(http://magazines.russ.ru/vestnik/2002/6/arh.html)
(.
: , ,
2006/2007 - 2008/2009 ,
,
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(http://www.customs.kz/exec/news/news_msg?newsid=466)
xv
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xvi

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(business transactions, processes).
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xvii
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xviii
Acknowledgements
This glossary was created under the overall coordination of Mario Apostolov,
Regional Adviser UNECE Trade, working with Svetlana Dupriez. Many
individuals and organizations contributed with comments and editorial remarks,
such as Christopher Edgar (UNECE editor), Vyatcheslav Blokhine
(Terminology unit, UNOG), Mika Vepsalainen (UNECE Trade), Konstantine
Glukhenkiy (UNECE Transport Division), Aileen Prendergast (SITPRO, UK),
Elena Kolokolova (Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian
Federation), Natalia Shpilkovskaya (editor of Bridges/), Vyatcheslav
Novikov, Sergey Polovinkin, Yulia Kunitsa, Vyacheslav Mareyev, Natalia
Antipova, and Asmat Abesadze.

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xix
TRADE FACILITATION TERMS
Terms
A
1.
24-hour Advance Manifest Rule;

24 AMR
[U.S. Customs 24-hour Advance Cargo
Manifest Declaration Rule]

( 24 )
[ 11
2001
]
2.
acceptance credit
[a letter of credit that provides for
payment by means of a time draft.
Acceptance and payment of the draft
are guaranteed by the bank issuing the
credit only if the documents presented
under the credit conform to the L/C.
Acceptance credits are advantageous
because the beneficiary (the seller) can
receive immediate payment by having
the draft discounted, while the
applicants (buyers) obligation to pay
is deferred until the maturity of the
draft]

[,

.

,
,
, ,
,
.

,
()

/,

()

/]
3.
acceptance of goods
4.
acknowledgment of order
[document acknowledging an
undertaking to fulfil an order and
confirming conditions or acceptance of
conditions (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ,

( /)]
5.
administrative settlement of a
Customs offense
[procedure laid down by national
legislation under which the Customs
authorities are empowered to settle a
Customs offence either by ruling
thereon or by means of a compromise
settlement. Administrative settlement
of a Customs offence is dealt with in
Annex H.2 to the Kyoto Convention]

[,

,

.
.2
]
6.
ADR
[European Agreement concerning the
International Carriage of Dangerous
Goods by Road (UNECE)]
[
( )]
7.
advance against document

[loan made on the security of the
documents covering the shipment]

[, , ]
8.
Advance Cargo Information System;

ACIS
[ACIS electronic system gives
information on cargo, in advance of its
arrival, across different modes and
interfaces. By making appropriate
information available, it allows the
[
, ,

-
effective logistics management of a

transport chain (UNCTAD)]
, ,
,

]
9.
advance ruling
[on the basis of all required data and
documents submitted in advance,
Customs makes an advance ruling on
the payments due for the specific
consignment; the ruling is then binding,
if the consignment corresponds to what
is described in the documents]
;

[
,
( ..)
;
- , , ,

, ]
10.
advice of distribution of documents

[document in which the party
responsible for the issue of a set of
trade documents specifies the various
recipients of originals and copies of
these documents, with an indication of
the number of copies distributed to
each of them. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,
, ,
, (
/)]
11.
advance submission of information
12.
AGC
[European Agreement on Main
International Railway Lines]
[ -

]
13.
Agreement on Pre-Shipment
Inspection (in WTO)

( )
[,
, , , ,
,
,
, ]
14.
Agreement on Technical Barriers to

Trade (in WTO)

( )
[

.

. ,
15- .

:
(Technical Regulation),
,
,
(Standard),
.
,
.
, -
.
,

.
( 2)()]
15.
aircraft general declaration

[declaration conforming to the
provisions of Annex 9 to the
Convention on International Civil
Aviation, Chicago 1994. The general
declaration is the basic document on
arrival and departure providing
information concerning the aircraft
itself and summary information relating
to the itinerary, crew, passengers and
health]
[, , 9
, 1994.
, ,

, , ]
16.
airport of departure
17.
affreightment/ freightment
[an agreement by a shipping line to
provide cargo space on a vessel at a
specified time and for a specified price
to accommodate an exporter or
importer, who then becomes liable for
payment even though he is later unable
to make the shipment (or alternatively:
[, /

. / ,
,

a contract for the carriage of goods by
sea for payment expressed in charter
party or bill of lading)]
,
, .

,
/ ]
18.
air waybill (AWB)

[document made out by or on behalf of
the shipper, which evidences the
contract between the shipper and
carrier(s) for carriage of goods over
routes of the carrier(s) and which is
identified by the airline prefix issuing
the document plus a serial number
(IATA)]
(
)
[, ,

,
,
()]
19.
alongside delivery
20.
amended rule
21.
amount
22.
appeal
[an act by which a person who is
directly affected by a decision or
omission and who considers himself to
be aggrieved thereby seeks redress
before a competent authority]
[
( )
,
() ,

()]
23.
appeal procedure
;
;

;

24.
Appellate Body WTO

[a permanent standing body of seven
persons that hears appeals from reports
issued by panels in disputes brought by
WTO Members. The Appellate Body
can uphold, modify or reverse the legal
findings and conclusions of a panel.
Appellate Body Reports, once adopted
by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB),
must be accepted by the parties to the
dispute (WTO)]
BTO
[
, .
,
.
, (),

()]
25.
application for certificate of origin

[document submitted to a competent
body by an interested party requesting a
certificate of origin to be issued in
accordance with relevant criteria, and
on the basis of evidence of the origin of
the goods (UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[,

( /)]
26.
application for exchange allocation

[document whereby an importer/buyer
requests the competent body to allocate
an amount of foreign exchange to be
transferred to an exporter/seller in
payment for goods. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, /

/
( /)]
27.
application for goods control

certificate
body by party requesting a goods
control certificate to be issued in
accordance with national or
international standards, or conforming
to legislation in the importing country,
or as specified in the contract
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[,

-,
( /)]
28.
application for inspection certificate

body by a party requesting an
inspection certificate to be issued in
international standards, or conforming
to legislation in the country in which it
is required, or as specified in the
contract (UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[, ,

, ,
,

( /)]
29.
application for phytosanitary

certificate
body by party requesting a
phytosanitary certificate to be issued
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
()
[,
(
/)]
30.
arrival notice (of goods)

[notification from the carrier to the
()
[ -
consignee in writing, by telephone or

by any other means (express letter,
message, telegram, etc.) informing him
that a consignment addressed to him is
being or will shortly be held at his
disposal at a specified point in the place
of destination (GIT)]
,
(
, , .
.), ,
()]
31.
ASYCUDA, Automated System for

Customs Data [UNCTAD]

()
[
,
.
-
2004
]
32.
assessment of duties and taxes

[determination of the amount of duties
and taxes payable]
[ , ]
33.
ATA carnet
[International Customs document
(Admission Temporaire/Temporary
Admission) which, issued under the
terms of the ATA Convention (1961),
incorporates an internationally valid
guarantee and may be used, in lieu of
national Customs documents and as
security for import duties and taxes, to

[ (
),

1961 ,

cover the temporary admission of
goods and, where appropriate, the
transit of goods (typically in
relationship to exhibitions or similar
events). If accepted for controlling the
temporary export and re-import of
goods, international guarantee does not
apply]

,
, (

).

,

]
34.
ATA Convention
[the expression commonly used to refer
to the Customs Convention on the ATA
carnet for the temporary admission of
goods (ATA Convention) adopted by
the Customs Co-operation Council of
Brussels in 1961]

[
. 1961
]
35.
attached to frontier trade (Cus)

( )
36.
audit-based control (Cus)

[measures by which Customs satisfy
themselves as to the accuracy and
authenticity of declarations through the
examination of the relevant books,
records, business systems and
commercial data held by persons
concerned]

()
[ ,
,
,
,

,
]
37.
authentication
38.
authorized onomic operator
10

39.
automatic licensing
[import licensing where approval of the
application is granted in all cases, and
is not administered in such a manner as
to have restricting effects on imports
subject to automatic licensing]

[ ,
, ,
.
,

,
, .

()
]
40.
Automated System for Customs Data

(see ASYCUDA)

(. )
41.
Automatic Vehicle
Identification (AVI)
42.
average adjuster
[when used in connection with marine
insurance, the term means one who
investigates and apportions general
average losses on behalf of ship
owners]
,

[ ,
,

]
11
43.
average clearance time (Cus)

(.)
44.
average release time (Cus)

(.)
12
B
45.
bank for foreign trade

[
( ),
,

]
46.
banking instructions
47.
barcode (bar code)

[a series of bars and spaces encoded to
correspond to alpha-numeric
characters. Barcodes are designed to be
read by scanners and converted into
data]

[
, - .

]
48.
Basic Semantic Register; BSR

[UN/CEFACT]
;
[ ]
49.
Basic Semantic Unit; BSU

[UN/CEFACT]
;
[ ]
50.
berth operator
51.
bill of exchange
[an unconditional order in writing from
one person (the drawer) to another (the
[ ,
-
13

drawee), directing the drawee to pay a
specified amount to a named drawer at
a fixed or determinable future date]
(, )

(, )

()

]
52.
bill of lading (B/L)

[document which evidences a contract
of carriage by sea and the taking over
or loading of goods by the carrier, and
by which the carrier undertakes to
deliver the goods against surrender of
the document. A provision in the
document that the goods are to be
delivered to the order of a named
person, or to order, or to bearer,
constitutes such an undertaking (United
Nations Conference of the Carriage of
Goods by Sea). Remark: In certain
countries, e.g. Canada and the United
States of America, the term bill of
lading is used to represent a
negotiable bill of lading]
[,

.

.

,

, (

). : ,
,

]
53.
binding; bound
[see tariff binding]
54.
block train (railway service)
55.
bogie exchange station; transfer

station
14
(
)]
56.
bond
57.
bonded cargo

[ ,
.

,
,

]
58.
bonded goods
[goods held at the border at a Customs
or other special warehouse as a
guarantee until tariff is paid]
,
[,

]
59.
bonded port
[port with a Customs office / store]

[, ]
60.
bonded storage
[storing goods at a Customs store]
61.
bonded store
[see Customs warehouse]

;

;

15

62.
bonded transport regime
63.
bonded warehouse
[a warehouse authorized by Customs
authorities for storage of goods on
which payment of duties is deferred
until the goods are removed]
;
,
[ ,
, ,
..

. -

,

.

.

,

,

]
64.
booking confirmation
[document issued by a carrier to
confirm that space has been reserved
for a consignment on a means of
transport (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,

-
( /)]
65.
booking reference
16
66.
booking request
[document issued by a supplier to a
carrier requesting space to be reserved
for a specified consignment, indicating
desirable conveyance, despatch time,
etc. (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

, . .
( /)]
67.
border control

[
. : , -, , ,

]
68.
border procedures (border-crossing

procedures)
69.
border protection
[any measure which acts to restrain
imports at point of entry]

[ ,

, ,
,

]
70.
bordereau
[document used in road transport,
listing the cargo carried on a road
vehicle, often referring to appended
copies of the road consignment note
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
;

[
,
,
,

(
17

/)]
71.
budgetary efficiency of import
[
, ,
]
72.
bulk
73.
bulk cargo
74.
bulk carrier

( )
75.
business process
[structured, measured set of activities
designed to produce a specific output
for a particular customer or market. It
implies a strong emphasis on how work
is done within an organization
(UN/CEFACT)]
; ;

[,
,

. ,
]
76.
Business Process and Information

Modelling; BPIM, (UN/CEFACT)

; ()
77.
Business Process Specification

Schema; BPSS (UN/CEFACT)

; ()
78.
buyers credit
[a financial arrangement in which a
bank or financial institution, or an
export credit agency in the exporting
country, extends a loan directly to a
foreign buyer or to a bank in the

[ ,

18
79.
importing country to pay for the

purchase of goods and services from
the exporting country. Buyers credit
covers up to 80-85% of the contract
price and is accompanied by a banking
and insurance guarantee.]
,
.

80-85%

]
buying agent
[an agent who purchases goods in his
or her own country on behalf of foreign
importers such as government agencies
and large private concerns]

[ ,

]
19
C
80.
C&F
[a quoted price that includes cost of
goods and freight]

[
,

,

]
81.
C&I
[a quoted price that includes cost of
goods and insurance]

[ ,
]
82.
cabotage (air)
[cargo carried on what is essentially a
domestic flight and therefore not
subject to international agreements that
fix set rates]
()
[ ,
.

]
83.
calling forward notice

[instructions for release or delivery of
goods (UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[
( /)]
84.
capacity-building
[Activities which strengthen the
knowledge, abilities, skills and
behaviour of individuals and improve
institutional structures and processes
such that the beneficiary organization
;

[, , ,
,
-
20
can efficiently meet its mission and

goals in a sustainable way]
, ,
]
85.
capacity charge
()
86.
capacity load; maximum load
87.
cargo
[merchandise/commodities/freight
carried by means of transportation]
[, , ,

]
88.
cargo declaration
[a generic term, sometimes referred to
as a freight declaration, applied to the
documents providing the particulars
required by Customs concerning the
cargo (freight) carried by commercial
means of transport]
[ ,
,

(),

]
89.
Cargo Declaration
[the basic document on arrival and
departure providing information
required by public authorities relating
to cargo (Convention on Facilitation of
International Maritime Traffic, London,
1965)]

[ ,

(, 1965 )
,

,

]
90.
cargo handling organization
21
91.
cargo insurance
[an inland marine or ocean marine
policy covering cargo in the care,
custody, or control of the carrier]

[ ,
.
, ,
,
]
92.
cargo load
[carrying capacity]
93.
cargo manifest
load manifest
cargo waybill
[a document listing the goods
comprising the cargo (freight) carried
on a means of transport or in a transport
unit. The cargo manifest which gives
the commercial particulars of the goods,
such as transport document numbers,
consignors, consignees, marks and
numbers, number and kind of packages,
descriptions and quantities of the goods,
may be used in place of the cargo
declaration]

[,
, , -
.

,
,
, ,
,
;

]
94.
cargo receipt
[a receipt of cargo for shipment by a
consolidator (used in ocean freight)]

;
[, (
)]
22
95.
cargo reports
96.
carriage by air
97.
carriage by sea [sea shipping]
98.
carriage order (local transport)

[document giving instructions
regarding local transportation of goods,
e.g. from the premises of an enterprise
to those of a carrier undertaking further
transport. (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

, ,
,

( /)]
99.
carriage way [traffic way]
100. carrier (road transport)

[any natural or legal person, registered
in one or several countries, and
permitted to carry out the international
road transport of goods or passengers in
accordance with the national and
international legislation in force]
(
)
[
,

]
101. carrier identification
102. carrier name
103. carrier permit

[authorization for transportations]
104. carriers repair

[maintenance of vehicles]
23
105. cash against document; CAD

[payment for goods in which title
documents are transferred to the buyer
upon payment in cash]
[]

[ ,

]
106. cash in advance; C.I.A.

[payment for goods for which the price
is paid in full before shipment is made]
;
[ ,

]
107. cash on delivery; C.O.D.

[a transaction in which goods are paid
for in full in cash or by certified check
immediately after they are received by
the buyer]
,
,
[ ,

]
108. cash on delivery amount
109. cash with order; CWO

[a method of payment for goods where
cash is paid at the time of order and the
transaction becomes binding on both
buyer and seller]

[ ,
,

, ]
110. C.C.E.F.; Customs Centralized

Examination Facility
111. certificate of analysis

COA
[a certificate required by some
countries as proof of the quality and
composition of goods such as
pharmaceuticals. The required analysis
[, ,

, .
24

may be made by a private or
government health agency. The
certificate may need to be legalized by
a foreign consul of the country
concerned, as is the case with similar
certificates such as the phytosanitary
certificate]
.

.
,
]
112. certificate of compliance

[

,
,
..]
113. certificate of inspection

[a document certifying (by an
independent agent) that the goods were
in apparent good order immediately
prior to shipment]
(,
)
[,
,

]
114. certificate of manufacture

[a statement in which a producer
specifies where his goods were
manufactured, certifies that
manufacturing has been completed, and
confirms that the goods are at the
buyers disposal]

[,
,
,

]
115. certificate of origin

C/O; COO
[a specific document identifying goods,
in which the authority or body

[ ,
,
25
authorized to issue it certifies expressly

that the goods to which the certificate
relates originate in a specific country
(or group of countries, a region or a
part of a country). This certificate may
also include a declaration by the
manufacturer, producer, supplier,
exporter or other competent person.
COO is typically issued by national
chambers of commerce following the
model of the International Chamber of
Commerce (ICC)]
116. certification
,
, ,
, (
, ).

,
, ,
.
,

()]
[
, ,

.

,

,
,

.
,
,

,
.

,
,

.
26

]
117. certified declaration of origin
[a declaration of origin certified by
authority or body empowered to do so
(Annex D.2. to the Kyoto Convention
of 1974 and Specific Annex K,
Chapters 2 and 3 of the revised Kyoto
Convention)]

[ ,

,
(. D.2
1974.
, 2 3

)]
118. chargeable weight
119. charges
120. charter party bill of lading

[a bill of lading issued under a charter
party. It is not acceptable by banks
under letters of credit unless expressly
authorized in the credit]
;
-
[,
, . .
,
,
-;

,

,

.

( )
,

]
27
121. checking the goods declaration

[action taken by Customs to ascertain
that the goods declaration is correctly
filled in and that the required
supporting documents fulfil the
prescribed conditions]

(
)
[ ,

,
]
122. CIF, Cost, insurance and freight

[Incoterm under which the seller
delivers when the goods pass the ships
rail in the port of shipment. The seller
must pay the costs and freight
necessary to bring the goods to the
named port of destination but the risk
of loss or of damage to the goods, as
well as any additional costs due to
events occurring after the time of
delivery, are transferred from the seller
to the buyer. (INCOTERMS 2000)]
, ,
[ ,
,
,

.
,

,
,
,
,

( 2000)]
123. CIF price

[the price of goods delivered at the port
of shipment (at the frontier of the
importing country), including any
insurance and freight charges incurred
up to that point, or the price of a service

[
,
,

28

delivered to a resident, prior to the
payment of any import duties or other
taxes on imports or trade and transport
margins within the country]

. ,

, ,
,
.

]
124. CIF re-sale contract
,

[
,

.

:
, , .

.

]
125. CIM consignment note

[see rail consignment note]

[. ]
126. classification (Cus)

[the placement of an item under the
correct number in the Customs tariff for
duty purposes. At times this procedure
becomes highly complicated; it is not
uncommon for importers to resort to
litigation over the correct duty to be
[

. ,
,
29
assessed by the Customs on a given

item]
127. claused bill of lading

[bill of lading that contains a notation
indicating that either the packaging or
the merchandise is damaged]
[,
/
]
128. clean bill of lading

[bill of lading which covers goods
received in apparent good order and
condition and without qualification]

[, ,

, . .

]
129. clean draft

[draft to which no documents have
been attached]
;

[ ,
-
;

,
]
130. clearance certificate
131. clearance document
132. clearance of goods

[the accomplishment of the Customs
formalities necessary to allow goods to
enter home use, to be exported or to be
;

[
,
30

replaced under another Customs
procedure]
133. CMR Consignment Note

[legal contractual document between a
consignor, a road transport operator and
a consignee, which standardizes the
conditions governing the contract for
international road transport, particularly
with respect to documents to be used
and the carriers liability with the aim
of facilitating international road
transport and international trade. To use
the CMR note, at least one of the
countries involved in the international
transport (of origin or of destination)
should be a Contracting Party to the
CMR Convention]
,
()
.

,
,

,
,
() ;
() .

.. ]

[
,
,
,

,

. ,
,
(
),

().

,
31
:
, ,
,
,
, ,
.
.

,
,
]
134. code lists
135. code of conduct

[voluntary guidelines for business
behaviour (or treatment of workers)]

[

( )]
136. collection order

[document whereby a bank is instructed
(or requested) to handle financial
and/or commercial documents in order
to obtain acceptance and/or payment, or
to deliver documents on such other
terms and conditions as may be
specified (ICC Uniform Rules for
Collections)]

[,
(
)
/
/

,
]
137. collective paper

[all documents (commercial invoices,
bills of lading, etc.) submitted to a
buyer for the purpose of receiving
payment for a shipment]

[ (, ..),

]
138. combinating transit duty
32
[ ,

]
139. combined transport
[intermodal transport where the journey
is carried out by a combination of rail,
inland waterways, sea or road; the
shortest leg being typically by road]

[ ,

-,
, /
;

]
140. commercial code

[published code designed to reduce the
total number of words required in a
cablegram]

[ : ,
,

,
,

]
141. commercial convoy

[traffic of goods by several trucks]

[
]
142. commercial invoice

[document claiming payment for goods
supplied under conditions agreed
between seller and buyer.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[,
,
,

( /)]
143. Common Business Language; CBL

[UN/CEFACT]
33
144. common carrier

[a firm or individual that transports
persons or goods for compensation]

[ ,

.

,
,
]
145. compensation agreement

[

(

)]
146. compliance shipping label
147. compliant traders
148. conditions of warehousing
149. confirmed letter of credit

[a letter of credit, issued by a foreign
bank, with validity confirmed by a
(buyers) bank. An exporter who
requires a confirmed letter of credit
from the buyer is assured of payment
by the (buyers) bank even if the
foreign buyer or the foreign bank
defaults]

[,
,
.

,

]
34
150. conformity assessment procedures

[any procedure used, directly or
indirectly, to determine that a technical
regulation or standard has been
fulfilled]

[,

]
151. consignee
[the individual or company to whom a
seller or sipper sends merchandise and
who, upon presentation of necessary
documents, is recognized as the
merchandise owner for the purpose of
declaring and paying Customs duties]
(
)
[ ,

; ,

,
;
,
]
152. consignee mark

[a symbol stamped on packages for
identification purposes; generally
consisting of a triangle, square, circle,
diamond, cross, with letters and/or
numbers together with port of
discharge]
[] /
[,

;
-
( ,
, , ) /
,
]
153. consignment
; ;
[ ]
154. consignment agreement

[a form of agreement, in which one
party (the seller) provides goods to

[,
()
35
another party (the company) for sale

by that company. The Seller gets paid
only after the Company has sold the
goods to an end-consumer purchaser.
The form of this agreement tends to be
pro-seller]
()

(
).
,

.

.

]
155. consignment document dispatch

notice
156. consignment note

[
]
157. consignor
[a term used to describe any person
who consigns goods to himself or to
another party in a bill of lading or
equivalent document. A consignor may
be the owner of the goods, or a freight
forwarder who consigns goods on
behalf of his principal]
[ ,

; ,

.

,
]
158. consolidated shipment

[an arrangement whereby various
shippers pool their boxed goods on the
same shipment, sharing the total weight
charge for the shipment]

[,

,

36
]
159. consolidation of goods
[the grouping together of several
compatible consignments into a full
container load. Also referred to as
grouping]

[

]
160. consolidator
[an agent who brings together a number
of shipments bound for a single
destination to qualify for preferential
airline rates]
,

[ ,

]
161. consular declaration

[a formal statement, made to the consul
of a foreign country, describing goods
to be shipped]

[
,

]
162. consular invoice

[a document to be prepared by an
exporter in his country and presented to
a diplomatic representation of the
importing country for endorsement and
subsequently to be presented by the
importer in connection with the import
of the goods described therein.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

-
;

( /)]
163. consular transaction
164. container
[an article of transport equipment (liftvan, movable tank or other similar
[ (,

37
structure): fully or partially enclosed to

constitute a compartment intended for
containing goods; of a permanent
character and accordingly strong
enough to be suitable for repeated use;
specially designed to facilitate the
transport of goods by one or more
modes of transport without
intermediate reloading; designed for
ready handling, particularly when being
transferred from one mode of transport
to another; designed to be easy to fill
and to empty. Demountable bodies
and platform flats are to be treated as
containers (UNECEs Container Pool
Convention, 1994)]
):

;

;

, ;

;
,

, ,

,
.

(
, 1994)]
165. container freight station; CFS

[at loading port CFS means the
location designated by carriers for the
receiving of cargo to be packed into
containers by the carrier. At discharge
ports, CFS means the bonded
location designated by carriers in the
port area for unpacking and delivery of
cargo]
;

;
[
,

.
,

]
166. container manifest (unit packing list)

[document showing contents and

(
)
38
loading sequence of a container]
[,

.
,

]
167. Container Security Initiative; CSI

[the Container Security Initiative (CSI)
was launched in 2002 by the U.S.
Bureau of Customs and Border
Protection (CBP), an agency of the
Department of Homeland Security. Its
purpose was to increase security for
container cargo shipped to the United
States]
[
,
2002 .

.
,

]
168. container terminal

[an area designated for the stowage of
cargo in containers, usually accessible
by truck, railroad, and marine
transportation, where containers are
picked up, dropped off, maintained, and
housed]

[,
,
,

,
, ,
]
169. container yard

[a materials handling/storage facility
used for completely unitized loads in
containers and/or empty containers]
/
[ /
,

/
39
]
170. Containerization
[

]
171. containerized shipment;

container traffic
172. contract
[a document evidencing an agreement
between the seller and the buyer for the
supply of goods; its effects are
equivalent to those of an Order
followed by an Acknowledgement of
order (ECE/FAL)]
; ;
[,

;

,
(
/)]
173. contract in foreign trade
;

[
,

.

-
,
, , ,
,
.

,
,
]
40
174. contract responsibility

[, -

.

,
,

]
175. Convention on Customs Treatment

of Pool Containers, 1994 [UNECE]

, 1994 . []
176. Convention on Harmonized

Commodity Description and Coding
System [WCO]

;

[ ,

,
() .

. 1988 .

]
177. conveyance of passengers;

carriage of passengers
178. COTIF
[Convention concerning International
Transport by Rail]
[

]
41
179. Core Components; CC

[UN/CEFACT]

[ /

,

]
180. country of destination
181. country of origin of goods

[country in which the goods have been
produced or manufactured, according
to the criteria laid down for the
purposes of application of a Customs
tariff, of quantitative restrictions or of
any other trade policy measure. Note:
in this definition the word country
may include a group of countries, a
region or a part of a country]

[,

.

,
.

,
, ,

]
182. cover note

[document issued by an insurer
(insurance broker, agent, etc.) to notify
the insured that his insurance has been
put in place (UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[,
( ,
..)
,

( /)]
183. CPD Carnet

[an international Customs document
() CPD
[
42

which incorporates an internationally
valid guarantee and may be used, in
lieu of national Customs documents
and as security for import duties and
taxes, to cover the temporary admission
of means of transport and, where
appropriate, the transit of means of
transport. It may be accepted for
controlling the temporary exportation
and re-importation of means of
transport but, in this case, the
international guarantee does not apply.
Note: The CPD carnet is issued under
the terms of the Istanbul Convention on
the temporary importation of private
road vehicles, the Customs Convention
on the temporary importation for
private use of aircraft and pleasure
boats]
,

,
,
.

,

. :
CPD

,

,

]
184. credit advice

[a document or message sent by an
account-servicing institution to one of
its account owners, to inform the
account owner of an entry which has
been or will be credited to its account
for a specified amount on the date
indicated]
;
-
[ ,
,
,

]
185. crew member

[the master and any person occupied on
board a ship, with functions connected

[ ,

43
to the steering, exploitation and

servicing of the vessel, and who is
included in the crew list of this vessel
during the period of the voyage]
,
,
,
]
186. cross-section of road
187. cubage
188. currency
[a medium of exchange of value to
define by reference to the geographical
location of the authorities responsible
for it. In a coded format, a currency is
represented by a three-character ISO
and CEFACT code:
www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm
; ;
[ ,

,
.

, ,

: , ,
..

www.unece.org/cefact/rec/cocucod.htm
189. currency inspection

[

:

; ;

]
44
190. currency offences

[
]
191. currency terms and conditions of a

contract

[,
:
;
;
; ,

]
192. Customs
[Government Service which is
responsible for the administration of
Customs law and the collection of
import and export duties and taxes and
which also has responsibility for the
application of other laws and
regulations relating, inter alia, to the
importation, transit and exportation of
goods.
Note: This term is also used when
referring to any part of the Customs
Service or its main or subsidiary
offices; this term is also used
adjectivally in connection with officials
of the Customs, import or export duties
control on goods, or any other matter
within the purview of the Customs
(Customs officer, Customs duties,
Customs office, Customs declaration)]
[ ,

,

, ,
, ,
.
:

,
,

,
,

,
.. (
, ,
,
).

45

, ,
,
.

,

,

,

- ,

,

..;
,

,
. ,
,

.
,

,
,

( ),
]
46
193. Customs and documentation

procedures
194. Customs applicant

[any person who makes a goods
declaration or in whose name such a
declaration is made]
[,

]
195. Customs approved route

[any road, railway, waterway and any
other route (pipeline, etc.) which, in
accordance with the Customs
provisions of a State, must be used for
the importation, Customs transit and
exportation of goods]

[ ,
, -
( .),
,
,

,
]
196. Customs area

[an area designated for storage of
commercial goods that have not yet
cleared Customs. It is surrounded by a
customs border]

[,
,
.
]
197. Customs barrier

[

]
198. Customs bonded warehouse

[a Customs facility where goods may
be stored temporarily without payment
of duty, until such time as they are
withdrawn into that countrys Customs
territory or subsequently shipped to
another country]

[ ,

,

]
47
199. Customs border

[ ,

.

]
200. Customs broker

[ ,

.

,

,
,

]
201. Customs carrier

[
,
,

.

.
,

48
;
;

]
202. Customs Centralized Examination
Facility; C.C.E.F
203. Customs check;

Customs examination
[the process by which the customs
authorities inspect the goods identified
in the customs documents and confirm
whether the goods are the same as
described in the documents and
whether the goods are eligible for
entry]

[ ,

,
:
,
,

;
, ,
, ;

,

]
204. Customs clearance
;

[
,
,
()
.

49
,
,

,
,
() ;
() .

]
205. Customs clearance charges
;

()
[ ,

(, ,
, ,
, ,

.),

. :
(

)

()

.
]
206. Customs clearance department
207. Customs clearance formalities
50
208. Customs Convention on Containers,

1972 [done in Geneva on 2 Dec.1972
under the auspices of the United
Nations and the International Maritime
Organization,
www.unece.org/trans/conventn/ccc_1972e.p
df]

, 1972 .
[ 2 1972.

]
209. Customs Convention on the

International Transport of Goods
under Cover of TIR Carnets;
TIR Convention [UNECE]
(http://www.unece.org/trans/bcf/tir/han
dbook/english/newtirhand/10.pdf)

;
[ ]
(http://www.unece.org/trans/bcf/tir/hand
book/russian/newtirhand/10.pdf)
210. Customs Conventions on Temporary

Importation of Commercial and
Private Road Vehicles (1954 and
1956) [UNECE]
(http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/i
mpcom-e.pdf)

(1954 1956 .) [ ]
(http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/i
mpcom-r.pdf)
211. Customs control

[measures applied to ensure compliance
with the laws and regulations which
Customs are responsible for enforcing.
Note: The measures may be general,
e.g., in relation to all goods entering the
Customs territory, or may be
specifically related, to, e.g.: the
location of the goods (Customs
surveillance zone, etc.); the nature of
the goods (liable to a high rate of duty,
etc.); the Customs procedure applied to
the goods (Customs transit, etc.)
(Kyoto Convention, Annex A.1)]

[
,

. :

, ,
,
,
, ,
(,
51

),
(
),
( )
.. ( ,
.1)]
212. Customs convoy
213. Customs declaration

[any statement or action, in any form
prescribed or accepted by Customs,
giving information or particulars
required by Customs. Note: This term
includes declarations made through
automatic data processing and
communication techniques. This term
also covers action required on the part
of passengers under the dual-channel
(red/green) system]

[
,
,

,
.
:

.

,
- ]
214. Customs declaration (post parcels)

[document which, according to Article
106 of the Agreement concerning
Postal Parcels under the Universal
Postal Union Convention, must
accompany post parcels and in which
the contents of such parcels are
specified]
(
)
[,
106 ,
,

,

]
52
215. Customs delivery note

[document whereby a Customs
authority releases goods under its
control to be placed at the disposal of
the party concerned. Synonym:
customs release note (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

( /)]
216. Customs examination/inspection
217. Customs examination painting

[ - ,

.
:
,
,
;
; ,

;
.

]
218. Customs examination zone

[

,

,

,

]
53
219. Customs fee

[,
]
220. Customs facilities

[there are two meanings of the term:
(a) Customs preferences or
privileges (which is used in the
Revised Kyoto Convention) and
(b) Customs buildings, equipment
or, an even narrower meaning,
offices, x-ray facilities, etc.]
[ :
) (

) - ,

,
,
, ,
.

.
:

,

,
;
)
,
]
221. Customs formalities

[all the operations which must be
carried out by the person concerned and
by Customs in order to comply with the
statutory or regulatory provisions
;
;

[

54

which Customs are responsible for
enforcing in connection with the
control of persons at the Customs
frontier and the clearance of baggage,
goods and means of transport at
importation, exportation and in transit.
These formalities may include those
relating to phytosanitary, veterinary,
immigration, currency and licensing
regulations]

,
,
,

.

, ,
,
]
222. Customs formalities clearance
[

,

,
]
223. Customs formalities prior to the

lodgement of the goods declaration
[all the operations to be carried out by
the person concerned and by the
Customs from the time goods are
introduced into the Customs territory
until goods are placed under a Customs
procedure (WCO]
,

[ ,

()]
224. Customs harmonization

[international efforts to increase the
uniformity of customs nomenclatures
and procedures in cooperating
countries. The Harmonized System, a

[
,

.
55
uniform system of tariff classification

adopted by Custms Services in most
major trading countries in recent years,
was one such effort]
,

,

,
]
225. Customs house
( )
[
,
,

]
226. Customs immediate release

declaration
[document issued by an importer
notifying Customs that goods have
been removed from an importing
means of transport to the importers
premises under a Customs-approved
arrangement for immediate release, or
requesting authorization to do so
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ,

,
,
,

,

(
/)]
227. Customs infringement of a law;

customs offence
[any breach, or attempted breach, of
Customs law ( Nairobi Convention and
Annex H.2. to the Kyoto Convention of
1974 and Specific Annex H, Chapter 1
of the Revised Kyoto Convention)
(WCO)]

[

(
H.2
1974

56
()]
228. Customs invoice
[document required by Customs in an
importing country in which an exporter
states the invoice or other price (e.g.
selling price, price of identical goods),
and specifies costs for freight,
insurance and packing, etc., terms of
delivery and payment, for the purpose
of determining the Customs value in
the importing country of goods
consigned to that country
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
,

(, ,
)
, , . .,

,
(
/)]
229. Customs law; Customs statute

[the statutory and regulatory provisions
relating to the importation, exportation,
movement or storage of goods, the
administration and enforcement of
which are specifically charged to the
customs, and any regulations made by
the customs under their statutory
powers]

[
,
: ,
,

.

;

]
230. Customs office

[customs administrative unit competent
for the performance of customs
formalities, and the premises or other
areas approved for that purpose by the
competent authorities]

[
,

;
,

]
57
231. Customs papers

[,

]
232. Customs payment

[ , ,
,
, ,

]
233. Customs policy

[ ,

]
234. Customs procedures

( )
[
,

,

]
235. Customs regime; Customs regulation

[ -
- ,
,
.
-
58
-
,
,

]
236. Customs seal
[an assembly consisting of a seal and a
fastening which are joined together in a
secure manner. Customs seals are
affixed in connection with certain
Customs procedures (Customs transit,
in particular) generally to prevent or to
draw attention to any unauthorized
interface with the sealed items. Note:
Customs seals are generally affixed to
packages, containers, load
compartments of means of transport,
etc. They may also be used as means of
identification of goods themselves]
;

[,
,
.

( ,
)

-

.
:
,
,
..

]
237. Customs statute
238. Customs system

[

- ,
]
239. Customs tariff ; duty rate

[tax on the importation (in some cases
on exportation or transit) of specified

[,

59
goods across national borders. It is

charged by a national government and
payable to it when the item/good
crosses the nations customs boundary]
(
,
)
,
,
.

,
.
,

.

,

.
: ()
,
; ()

; () ,
]
240. Customs terminal

[,

,
]
241. Customs territory

[the territory in which uniform
Customs law, tariff and other measures
regulating foreign trade activity are in
force; the Revised Kyoto Convention

[,

,

60

defines it as: The territory in which
the Customs law of a State applies in
full]
242. CustomsTrade Partnership Against

Terrorism; C-TPAT
[security initiative in the USA]

.

,

.
:
,

.

,
,

]
-

[-

(. 166
) - ,

11
2001 .
,

]
61
243. Customs transit

[customs procedure under which goods
are transported under Customs control
from one Customs office to another]

[ ,

. ,
,

,

]
244. Customs transit document
245. Customs union

[a free trade area with a common
external tariff. The participant countries
set up common external trade policy,
but in some cases they use different
import quotas. Common competition
policy is sometimes adopted to avoid
competition deficiency]

[

,

,
.
,
,

.

( XXIV -1994)]
246. Customs valuation

[ ,

62
.

(
,
,
,
,
).
,
,

VII -1994]
247. Customs value
[the value of a product or a group of
products expressed in monetary terms,
within a consignment presented to
Customs for the assessment of duty and
for statistical reasons]

[ ,

,

,

,

- ,
,

.

, ,

]
63
248. Customs warehouse

[

,
.
(
)
(
).

,

,
,

( ,
)]
64
D
249 dangerous goods (road transport)
[goods considered as dangerous
according to the European Agreement
concerning the International Carriage of
Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) of
1957]
(
)
[,

(),
1957 .]
250 dangerous goods declaration

[document issued by a consignor in
accordance with applicable conventions
or regulations, describing hazardous
goods or materials for transport
purposes, and stating that the latter have
been packed and labelled in accordance
with the provisions of the relevant
conventions or regulations.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

,

,

( /)]
251 dangerous goods details
252 Dangerous Goods Requirement; DGR
253 data elements
254 data usability
65

255 date of delivery
256 date of issue
257 dead freight

[freight charges paid by the charter of
vessel for the contracted space, which is
left partially unoccupied]

[ ,

]
258 decision
[the individual act by which the customs
decide upon a matter relating to customs
law]
()
[ ,

,
]
259 declarant
[any natural or legal person who makes
a Customs declaration or in whose name
such a declaration is made. Notes: In
some countries, the term declarant is
confined to the persons who actually
makes a Customs declaration; in some
countries, the declarant is any natural or
legal person who makes a Customs
declaration whether in his own behalf,
or in the name of another natural or
legal person, or in his own name but on
behalf of another natural or legal
person]
;
[ ,

. :

,
,

,

]
260 declaration on arrival or departure

[any declaration required to be made or
produced to the Customs authorities
upon the arrival or departure of a means
of transport by the person responsible
for the means of transport or his agent
and containing the necessary particulars

;

[,

,
66

relating to the means of transport and to
the journey, cargo, stores, crew or
passengers]

.

,
,
,
]
261 declaration of origin

[appropriate statement as to the origin of
the goods, made in connection with their
exportation by the manufacturer,
producer, supplier, exporter or other
competent person on the Commercial
Invoice or any other document relating
to the goods (WCO, Annex D.2, Kyoto
Convention)]

[
,

, ,
,

,
(, D.2
)]
262 Declaration on Global Electronic

Commerce
[WTO]

[
-
(, 1998 ).

.

(, ,
,
) 1 2000
0 61 -
. ,

67

,

]
263 deductions
264 deferred payment credit

deferred payment letter of credit
[type of letter of credit providing for
payment some time after presentation of
shipping documents by exporter]

()
[,

,

;

]
265 Delivered at Frontier (DAF)

[ Incoterm under which the seller
delivers when the goods are placed at
the disposal of the buyer on the arriving
means of transport not unloaded, cleared
for export, but not cleared for import at
the named point and place at the
frontier, but before the Customs boarder
of the adjoining country Suitable for
rail/road transport (INCOTERMS 2000)]
(DAF)
[
,
,
,
,
,

.

,

]
68
266 Delivered Duty Paid (DDP)

[the seller delivers the goods to the
buyer, cleared for import, and not
unloaded from any arriving means of
transport at the named place of
destination. The seller has to bear all the
costs and risks involved in bringing the
goods thereto including, where
applicable, and duty (which term
includes the responsibility for and risk
of the carrying out Customs formalities
and the payment of formalities, Customs
duties, taxes and other charges) for
import in the country of destination
(INCOTERMS 2000)]

(DDP)
[ ,

.

,
, ( )

(

,

,
, )
( 2000)]
267 Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU)

[the seller delivers the goods to the
buyer, not cleared for import, and not
unloaded from any arriving means of
transport at the named destination. The
seller has to bear the costs and risks
involved in bringing the goods thereto,
other that, where applicable, any duty
(which term includes the responsibility
for and the risks of the carrying out of
Customs formalities and the payment of
formalities, Customs duties, taxes and
other charges) for import in the country
of destination. Such duty has to be
borne by the buyer as well as any costs
and risks caused by his failure to clear

(DDU)
[ ,

.

,
,
( )
,
(

69

the goods for import in time
(INCOTERMS 2000)]

,
,
,
).

,
,
,

( 2000)]
268 Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ)

delivers when the goods are placed at
the disposal of a buyer not cleared for
import on the quay (wharf) at the named
port of destination. The seller has to
bear costs and risks involved in bringing
the goods to the named port of
destination and discharging the goods on
the quay (wharf). The DEQ term
requires the buyer to clear the goods for
importation and to pay for all
formalities, duties, taxes and other
charges upon import (INCOTERMS
2000)]
(DEQ)
[ ,

, ,
,

.
,

. DEQ

, ,

( 2000)]
269 delivery instructions

[document issued by a buyer giving
instructions regarding the details of the
delivery of goods ordered
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

(
/)]
270 delivery notice (goods)

[notification in writing, sent by the
()
[ ,
70

carrier to the sender, to inform him at
his request of the actual date of delivery
of the goods (GIT)]

()]
271 delivery order

[document issued by a party entitled to
authorize the release of goods specified
therein to a named consignee, to be
retained by the custodian of the goods
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
()
;

[,
,

,
(
/)]
272 delivery release

[document issued by a buyer releasing
the despatch of goods after receipt of a
ready for despatch advice note from the
seller (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[ ,

( /)]
273 demurrage
[the agreed sum payable for delay
beyond the time stipulated]
;
[ /
,
,
..]
274 description of goods
275 despatch advice

[document by means of which the seller
or consignor informs the consignee
about the despatch of goods
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

( /)]
71

276 despatch order
[document issued by a supplier initiating
the despatch of goods to a buyer
(consignee) (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
,
() (
/)]
277 despatch note (post parcels)

[document which, according to Article
106 of the Agreement concerning
Postal parcels under the UPU
Convention, is to accompany Post
parcels (UPU)]

( )
[,
106 ,
,

,

()]
278 Destination Control Statement; DCS

[a statement made by the exporter or
consignor that must be entered on the
invoice, and bill of lading, air waybill,
or other export control document that
accompanies the shipment to its ultimate
consignee or end-user abroad]
[,

-,

, ,

,

]
279 destination station
280 discrimination in trade

[ ,

- ,
,
72
,
]
281 diversification of routes
282 dock receipt

[when cargo is delivered to a steamship
company at the pier, the receiving clerk
issues a dock receipt]

[,

;

;

,

]
283 document
[any medium designed to carry and
actually carrying a record of data
entries, it includes paper and electronic
documents, magnetic tapes and disks,
microfilms, etc.]
[ ,

, ,
, .]
284 document against acceptance D/A

[instructions given by a shipper to a
bank indicating that documents
transferring title goods should be
delivered to the buyer (or drawee) only
upon the buyers acceptance of the
attached draft]

[ ,

]
285 document management
73

286 documentary evidence of origin
[a certificate of origin, a certified
declaration of origin or declaration of
origin]
[
,

]
287 document type definition; DTD

[in XML (UN/CEFACT)]
288 documentary (letter of) credit

documentary credit
[document in which a bank states that it
has issued a documentary credit under
which the beneficiary is to obtain
payment, acceptance or negotiation on
compliance with certain terms and
conditions and against presentation of
stipulated documents and such drafts as
may be specified. The credit may or
may not be confirmed by another bank.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
()
[,
,
,

,

,
,
.

( /)]
289 documentary credit application

[document whereby a bank is requested
to issue a documentary credit
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,

,
( /)]
290 Doha Round of WTO Negotiations;

Millennium Round

[ -

.

- 2001
74
().
2005 .

]
291 Doha Work Programme [WTO]
[ ,

, 2001 ,

, . .
,
,
, (,

,

),
( V, VIII
X 1994),

]
292 door-to-door delivery
293 draft of exchange

[see bill of exchange]
294 drawback
[amount of import duties and taxes
repaid under the drawback procedure]

[
]
295 drawback procedure

[Customs procedure which, when goods

[ ,
75

are exported, provides for a refund (total
or partial) to be made in respect of the
import duties and taxes charged on the
goods, or on materials contained in them
or used up in their production (WCO)]

,

]
296 drawee
[the individual or firm on whom a draft
is drawn and who owes the stated
amount to the drawer]
,

[,
(.. ,
).

]
297 due date

[the date when payment of duties and
taxes is due]

[
]
298 duties and taxes

[import duties and taxes and/or export
duties and taxes]
299 duty on import

[ ,

.

,
,
,

]
76
E
300 ebXML; Electronic Business XML
initiative
[project of UN/CEFACT for
interoperable e-business solutions; even
if the eXtensible Markup Language
(XML) is mentioned in the title, the
project is technology neutral]
ebXML
[

.

XML,

,
XML ( )]
301 electronic business

e-business
[connecting the computer systems of
two or more independent
organizations/agencies/ firms into a
dependent relationship. This is a shift in
business practice, where the facilitation
of business processes and the
opportunities offered by information and
communication technologies (ICT)
converge. In international trade ebusiness can mean integrating the
electronic exchange of information into
interoperable systems, and is considered
as part of international trade facilitation]
;

[

//

.
,

.

]
302 electronic commerce

[the production, advertising, sale and
distribution of products via
77

telecommunications networks]
303 EDIFACT;
UN/EDIFACT (Electronic Data
Interchange for Administration,
Commerce and Transport)
[Electronic Data Interchange for
Administration, Commerce and
Transport, from the UN-backed
electronic data interchange standards
body, to create electronic versions of
common business documents that will
work on a global scale. One digital
document under consideration, the
International Forwarding and Transport
Message will do the jobs of six different
electronic messages currently in use]
,
.

]
[
,
.

.

.
,

,
.

,

,
,

.

,

(UN Electronic Data
Interchange for Administration,
Commerce and Transport)]
78
304 Electronic Data Interchange; EDI
305 Electronic Data Interchange for

Transport , see EDIFACT
306 Electronic Business XML initiative

[see ebXML]
[ ]
ebXML

[. ebXML]
307 Electronic PostMark; EPM

[UPU standard for electronic signatures]
[
]
308 enquiry
[document issued by a party interested
in the purchase of goods specified
therein and indicating particulars,
desirable conditions regarding delivery
terms, etc., addressed to a prospective
supplier with a view to obtaining an
offer (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[, ,

,

, . .,

( /)]
309 European Agreement concerning the

Goods by Road; ADR
[UNECE]

;
[ ]
310 European Agreement on Main

International Railway Lines; AGC
311 examination of goods

[the physical inspection of goods by
()
[
79

Customs to satisfy themselves that the
nature, origin, condition, quantity and
value of the goods are in accordance
with the particulars furnished in the
Goods declaration]

,
,

, ,

,

]
312 exchange control declaration (export)

[document completed by an
exporter/seller as a means whereby the
competent body may control that the
amount of foreign exchange accrued
from a trade transaction is repatriated in
accordance with the conditions of
payment and exchange control
regulations in force (UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[, /,

,
,

( /)]
313 exchange control declaration (import)

[document completed by an
importer/buyer as a means for the
competent body to control that a trade
transaction for which foreign exchange
has been allocated has been executed
and that money has been transferred in
accordance with the conditions of
payment and the exchange control
regulations in force (UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[ /
,

,
,

(
/)]
314 exit regulations
80
315 expedited procedures for express

shipment
316 exportation
[the act of taking any goods out of the
Customs territory (WCO)]
[
]
317 export agent

[an intermediary who acts on behalf of a
company to open up or develop a market
in a foreign country. Export agents are
often paid a commission on all sales and
may have exclusive rights in a particular
geographic area]
;

[ ,
,

,
.

]
318 export broker

[the individual who brings together
buyer and seller for a fee, eventually
withdrawing from any transaction]

[ ,

,
,
,
. .]
319 export clearance
320 export control

[ -
,

81

.

.
:

;

..]
321 export declaration
[a document describing the complete
particulars of a specific shipment (also
known as the shippers export
declaration or SED). It is required by the
relevant government agencies (e.g. the
Department of Commerce) in order to
control exports and for statistical
purposes]

( )
[,

,
, ,
, ,

;
,

]
322 export duties and taxes

[Customs duties and all other duties,
taxes or charges which are collected in
connection with the exportation of
goods, but not including any charges
which are limited in amount to the
approximate cost of services rendered or
collected by the Customs on behalf of
another national authority]
,
;
[
,
.
,

.

(. 1
1994)]
82
323 export factoring

[ -

]
324 export financing

[
,

,
]
325 export financing credit

[

-,
]
326 export guarantee

[
,

.

: ,
]
327 export leasing

[,

-,

]
83

328 export license
[document granting permission to export
goods as detailed within a specific time
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

(
/)]
329 export licence application

[application for permission to export
specified goods of a specified value to a
specific destination (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[

( /)]
330 export of goods
;

[
.

:

;

;
(
)

;
;

,
, ..;

, ,
..;
;

]
84
331 export price calculation

[ ,

.

]
332 Export Processing Zone; EPZ

();
;
;

[

]
333 export trading company
, ;
[,
,

]
334 export transaction

[ ,
,
]
335 export / import licence

[document issued by the competent
/
[, -
85

body in accordance with import
regulations in force, by which
authorisation is granted to a named party
to import either a limited quantity of
designated articles, or an unlimited
quantity of such articles during a limited
period, under conditions specified in the
document]

/

.
/

/

,
,
. ,
.

/]
336 export-import tax
/
[ ,

.

.

,
, ,

]
337 express carrier
86
338 express delivery service
339 eXtensible Mark-up Language; XML

A metalanguage, which was approved as
a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
recommendation, and which represents a
set of general syntax rules. XML is
designed for storing structured data
(as opposed to existing static
databases) and for the creation of more
specialized programming languages
(e.g. XHTML), sometimes called
dictionaries. XML allows for presenting
the same sets of data in different
formats, which makes it suitable for use
for electronic trade documents
exchanged over the Internet (see
http://www.gartner.com/6_help/glossary
/GlossaryX.jsp)]
XML
[

,
. XML

(
),
,

(. XHTML),
. XML

,

(.
http://www.gartner.com/6_help/glossary
/GlossaryX.jsp)]
340 Ex Works; EXW

delivers when he places the goods at the
disposal of the buyer at the sellers
premises or another named place (i.e.
works, factory, warehouse, etc.) not
cleared for export and not loaded on any
collecting vehicle (INCOTERMS 2000)]
- (EXW)
[ ,

,

(: , ,
..).

,

( 2000)]
87
F
341 FCA {+ the named point of
departure};
free carrier
delivers the goods, cleared for export,
to the carrier nominated by the buyer at
the named place. It should be noted that
the chosen place has an impact on the
obligations of loading and unloading
the goods at that place. If delivery
occurs at the sellers premises, he bears
responsibility for unloading. If it occurs
at any other place, the seller is not
responsible for unloading. This term
may be used irrespective of the mode
of transport, including multimodal
transport. Carrier means any person
who, in contract of carriage, undertakes
to perform or to procure the
performance of transport by rail, road,
air, sea, inland waterway or by a
combination of such modes
(INCOTERMS 2000)]
{+
}
[
,

.
,

.

,
.

,
.

,
.

,

,
, ,

( 2000)]
342 fees and formalities related to

importation and exportation
88
[ VIII -1994,
,
,
,

,

. -
(
)

,

.

,

]
343 ferry-liner shipment
-
[
. ,

,

-.

,
]
344 financial integrity

( )
89
345 firms representative

[ ,

]
346 fiscal transit duty

[ ,

]
347 flat-rate tariff
, ;

348 foreign carrier permit
349 foreign exchange permit; foreign

exchange license
body authorizing an importer/buyer to
transfer an amount of foreign exchange
to an exporter/seller in payment for
goods (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[
, /

/
( /)]
350 foreign sales agent

[,

]
351 foreign trade

[ ,
90
()
() .

,
]
352 foreign trade bank

[
( ),

,

]
353 foreign trade credit

[ ,

. :

;

;
;
]
354 foreign trade restrictions

[ ,

.

.
91

]
355 formalities to be completed
356 forwarder
357 forwarders certificate of receipt

FCR
[non-negotiable document issued by a
freight forwarder to certify that he has
assumed control of a specified
consignment, with irrevocable
instructions to send it to the consignee
indicated in the document or to hold it
at his disposal (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[ ,

,

,
,
( /)]
358 forwarders certificate of transport

[document issued by a freight
forwarder to certify that he has taken
charge of a specified consignment for
despatch and delivery in accordance
with the consignors instructions, as
indicated in the document, and that he
accepts responsibility for delivery of
the goods to the holder of the document
through the intermediary of a delivery
agent of his choice. The document is
negotiable if issued to order(FIATA)]

()
[,
,

,
,

;

]
359 forwarding document

forwarding instructions
[,

92
,

]
360 forwarders warehouse receipt
forwarder acting as Warehouse Keeper
acknowledging receipt of goods placed
in a warehouse, and stating or referring
to the conditions which govern the
warehousing and the release of goods.
The document contains detailed
provisions regarding the rights of
holders-by-endorsement, transfer of
ownership, etc. (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
,
,

,

,
,
,
,

,
. . (
/)]
361 forwarding agent
362 forwarding instructions

[document issued to a freight
forwarder, giving instructions regarding
the action to be taken by the forwarder
for the forwarding of goods described
therein (UN/ECE/FAL)]
,
-
[,
,

( /)]
363 foul bill of lading

[a receipt for goods issued by a carrier
with an indication that the goods were
damaged when received]

[ ,
,

]
93
364 frame contract
[
,
]
365 Framework of Standards to Secure

and Facilitate Global Trade
[a regime, developed at the World
Customs Organization, expected to
enhance the security and facilitation of
international trade. This global supply
chain security initiative, on the part of
the international Customs community,
is aimed at protecting world trade from
the threats posed by international
terrorism, organized crime and everincreasing Customs offences. At the
same time it will provide a structured
platform to facilitate the movement of
legitimate goods being traded
internationally. The Framework aims at
providing a new approach to
partnership between Customs and the
business community, which commit
together to the implementation of a
series of 17 Standards regulating the
security and facilitation of international
trade. Worldwide implementation of
the Framework is supported by a
sustainable capacity-building
programme (WCO)]

[,

,

.

,

,

,

.

.

, , ,

17

.
94

]
366 franco domicile
367 franco station of destination
368 free alongside ship (FAS)

[it means that the seller delivers when
the goods are placed alongside the
vessel at the named port of shipment.
This means that the buyer has to bear
all costs and risks of loss or of damage
to the goods from that moment. The
FAS term requires the seller to clear the
goods for export (Incoterms 2000)]
(FAS)
[ ,
,

. ,

.
FAS

]
369 Free and Open Source Software;

FOSS

[
,

. ,
FOSS,

,
. ,
FOSS,

,
, ,

]
95

370 free custom zone stock

[ ,

()
, ,

.

,

, .
]
371 Free In; F.I.
,
[ , - (
,

;
,

; ,

]
372 Free In and Out; F.I.O.

[the cost of loading and unloading are
for the account of the shipper, and not
the carrier]
[,
-
,
/ ]
373 Free in bankers; free into barge;

F.I.B.
96
374 Free of capture and seizure;

F.C & S
[a clause which exempts the marine
insurance company from paying losses
caused by capture or seizure by
enemies of a country]

[ ,
, ,

, ,
..,
,
]
375 freedom of transit

[ ,
V -1994.
,

-

.

,
,

,
,
,
]
376 free on board; FOB or f.o.b.

delivers when the goods pass the ships
rail at the named port of shipment. This
means that the buyer has to bear all
costs and risks of loss or of damage to
the goods from that point. The FOB
;
(FOB)
[ ,
,

.
,
97

term requires the seller to clear the
goods for export. This terms can be
used only for sea or inland waterway
transport. If the parties do not intend to
deliver the goods across the ships rail,
the FCA term should be used
(INCOTERMS 2000)]

.
FOB

.

.

,
FCA]
377 free on rail (FOR) / free on truck

(FOT)
; (FORFOT)
[ ,
]
378 free-trade agreement; FTA

[an arrangement which establishes
unimpeded exchange and flow of goods
and services between trading partners
regardless of national borders]

[ ,
,

]
379 Free Trade Area of the Americas;

FTAA
[www.ftaa-alca.org/]
380 freight bill
381 freight charge
382 freight charges and costs payable to

berth, dock, shed, warehouse
,

, ,
98
383 freight commission
384 freight company
385 freight declaration

[see cargo declaration]
386 freighter
387 freight flow
388 freight forwarder; international

freight forwarder
[person or company who arranges for
the carriage of goods and associated
formalities on behalf of a shipper. The
duties of a forwarder include booking
space on a ship, providing all the
necessary documentation and arranging
Customs clearance]
- ; ;

[ ,

.

,
]
389 freight forwarders advice to

exporter
forwarder informing an exporter of the
action taken in fulfilment of
instructions received (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,
,

( /)]
390 freight forwarders advice to import

agent
forwarder in an exporting country
advising his counterpart in an
[,
-
-
99

importing country about the forwarding
of goods described therein
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

( /)]
391 freight forwarders invoice

[invoice issued by a freight forwarder
specifying services rendered and costs
incurred and claiming payment
therefore. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[,

( /)]
392 freight forwarding

[arranging for the carriage of goods and
associated formalities]
()
[

]
393 freight invoice

[document issued by a transport
operation specifying freight costs and
charges incurred for a transport
operation and stating conditions of
payment (UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[,

,
( /)]
394 freight manifest

[document containing the same
information as a cargo manifest, and
additional details on freight amounts,
charges, etc. (UN/ECE/FAL)]
(
)
[,
,
,
, ,
,
. . ( /)]
395 freight payable at destination

[method of paying the freight often
used for shipment of bulk cargo whose
weight is established on discharge from
the ship (TRACECA)]

[ ,

,

]
100
396 freight rate
397 freight rebate
398 freight traffic
399 freight transport
400 freight services
401 freight transportation of goods
402 freight turnover
403 freight vessel
404 frontier control

[
.
:
, -,
,
,

]
405 frontier trade

[ ,

,

.

. -1994 ( XXIV,
101

3) -

,
.

.

,
, 1525 . ,

, -

]
406 frontier traffic

( )
407 full container load; FCL
,
;
()
102
G
408 gate pass
[document authorizing goods specified
therein to be brought out of a fenced-in
port or terminal area (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

( /)]
409 gateway
[a point at which freight moving from
one territory to another is interchanged
between transportation lines]

[,
,
,
]
410 General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade; GATT
[an international agreement, signed in
1947, which acted as the basis for an
international trade rules-based
organization before it was replaced by
the WTO. An updated General
Agreement is now the WTO agreement
governing trade in goods (GATT
1994). Three GATT articles are taken
as the basis for trade facilitation
negotiations in the WTO negotiation
process: art. V (freedom of transit); art.
VIII (fees and formalities); and art. X
(publication of all trade rules)]

;
[
,

,
1947.
1995.

.
-
- ,
,
,

.

103

- 1994: . V (
); . V (
,
); . (
)]
411 general cargo
[FIATA]
- ;
[
,
(
)]
412 general cargo rates; GCR

[FIATA]
413 general cargo terminal
414 Generalized System of Preferences;

GSP
[of EU]
;
[ ]
415 GIS; Geographic Information

System
416 good governance

[

,
]
417 goods control certificate

[document issued by a competent body
evidencing the quality of the goods
described therein, in accordance with
national or international standards, or
conforming to legislation in the
importing country, or as specified in

[,

104
the contract (UN/ECE/FAL)]
-,
( /)]
418 goods declaration

[a statement made in the manner
prescribed by Customs, by which the
persons concerned indicate the
Customs procedure to be applied to the
goods and furnish the particulars which
Customs require for its application
(WCO glossary)]

[

,
,

,
()]
419 goods declaration for exportation (or

importation)
[document by which goods are declared
for export Customs clearance,
conforming to the layout key set out in
Appendix I to Annex C.1 to the Kyoto
Convention, concerning outright
exportation (WCO)]
( )

[,

-,
I .1,
,
()]
420 goods declaration for Customs

transit
[document by which the sender
declares goods for Customs transit
according to Annex E.1 (concerning
Customs transit) to the Kyoto
Convention (WCO)]

[,

.1 (
)
()]
421 goods declaration for home use

[document by which goods are declared
for import Customs clearance
according to Annex B.1 (concerning
clearance for home use) to the Kyoto
convention (WCO)]

[,

.1 (
105

)
()]
422 goods details
423 goods receipt

[document issued by a port,
warehouse/shed, or terminal operator
acknowledging receipt of goods
specified therein on conditions stated or
referred to in the document.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ,
/
,

,
, ,
(
/)]
424 goods receipt (carriage)

()
[,

,
, ,

,

]
425 "Greener and safer goods road

vehicles
[environmentally friendly goods road
vehicles]
426 gross weight
427 groupage
106
H
428. handling (FIATA)
429. handling facilities
430. handling information
431. handling order

[document issued by a cargo handling
organization (port administration,
terminal operator, etc.) for the removal
or other handling of goods under their
care (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
,
(
, .
.),
,
(
/)]
432. harbour dues

[FIATA]

[,
,
]
433. harmonization
[(1) Changing government regulations
and practices, as a result of an
international agreement, in order to
make those of different countries the
same or more compatible. (2) Data
harmonization means collecting,
analyzing and making similar data
requirements in trade and transport
documents/forms, as well as mapping
;
[ 1)
,

,

. 2)
107

and aligning them to international
standards, code lists and the Core
Component library, in order to build
Single Window systems or electronic
document exchange. (3) Harmonization
of national standards is the prevention
or elimination of differences in the
technical content of standards having
the same scope, particularly those
differences that may cause hindrances
to trade. (4) In the case of tariffs, this
means making tariff rates more similar
across industries and/or across
countries.]

,

,
/
,

,
/

(Core Components). 3)

,
,
,
.
4) ,

.]
434. harmonized code

[an internationally accepted and
uniform description system for
classifying goods for Customs,
statistical and other purposes]

[

,
]
435. harmonized system; HS

[an international nomenclature
developed by the World Customs
Organization (WCO), which is
arranged in six-digit codes allowing all
participating countries to classify
traded goods on a common basis.
Beyond the six-digit level, countries are
free to introduce national distinctions
for tariffs and many other purposes]
;
[
,

().
6- ,

( ). 6
108

]
436. haul (trip, goods delivery)
437. haulage
[transportation, delivery]
438. haulier
[carrier of cargo]
439. homologation
[the certification of a product or
specification to indicate that it meets
regulatory standards]
[

-,

]
440. house air waybill

[See air waybill]

[ ,

]
109
I
441. identification of means of transport
442. impartiality
443. importation
[the act of bringing or causing any
goods to be brought into a Customs
territory]
;
[
,
;

]
444. import commission company

[,

,

]
445. import cost

[ ,
-
,

]
446. import deposit

[ ,
110

.

.

]
447. import duties and taxes
[Customs duties and all other duties,
taxes or charges which are collected on
or in connection with the importation of
goods, but not including any charges
which are limited in amount to the
approximate cost of services rendered
or collected by the Customs on behalf
of another national authority]

[
, .

,

]
448. import licence

body in accordance with import
regulations in force, by which
authorization is granted to a named
party to import either a limited quantity
of designated articles or an unlimited
quantity of such articles during a
limited period, under conditions
specified in the document
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
,

,

,
( /)]
449. import penetration

[
]
111

450. import regulation

[
,

]
451. import transaction

[ ,

,
]
452. importer agent
()
453. in-bond cargo

[cargo moving under Customs control
where duty has not yet been paid]

,
[,
,
]
454. INCOTERMS;
International Commercial Terms
[A set of 13 international standard trade
terms (also known as delivery terms)
used in international trade contracts,
created and maintained by the
International Chamber of Commerce]
[
(),
.

,
,
.

]
455. indirect export

[

]
112
456. indirect import

[
,
]
457. information and communication

technology; ICT
- ;
458. inland carrier

[a transportation company that hauls
export or import traffic between ports
and inland points (TRACECA)]

[ ,

]
459. inland clearance depot; ICD
460. inland navigation

[FIATA]
461. inland transport; domestic

operations
462. input data
463. in-quota
464. inspection report; inspection

certificate
[document issued by a competent body
evidencing that the goods described
therein have been inspected in
international standards, in conformity
with legislation in the country in which
;
()
[, ,

,
113

the inspection is required, or as
specified in the contract
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
,
,

( /)]
465. insurance policy

[FIATA]

[
,
]
466. instructions as for payment for

charges
467. instructions for banking transfer

[document containing instructions from
a customer to his bank to pay an
amount in a specified currency to a
nominated party in another country by
a method either specified (e.g.
teletransmission, air mail) or left to the
discretion of the bank (UN/ECE/FAL)]
[,

,
,
(,
, ),
,
( /)]
468. insurance certificate

[document issued to the insured
certifying that the insurance is in effect
and that a policy has been issued. Such
a certificate for a particular cargo is
primarily used when goods are insured
under the terms of a floating or an open
policy; at the request of the insured it
can be exchanged for a policy
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
, ,

.

,

;

( /)]
114
469. insurance policy

[document issued by the insurer
evidencing an agreement to insure and
containing the conditions of the
agreement concluded whereby the
insurer undertakes for a specific fee to
indemnify the insured for the losses
arising out of the perils and accidents
specified in the contract
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[
,

,

,
,
( /)]
470. insured (the)

insurant; policyholder
[someone who takes out an insurance
policy and pays premiums, but not
necessarily the person covered by the
policy]
See named insured
[ ,

]
:
;
;

.
471. insurer
472. insurers invoice

[document issued by an insurer
specifying the cost of an insurance
which has been effected and claiming
payment therefore (UN/ECE/FAL)]
-
[,

( /)]
473. integrated border management

(IBM)

,

,
115

.
,
.

1982

,
.
474. integrated carrier
475. integrity
(
)
476. intellectual property rights, IPR

[ownership of ideas, including literary
and artistic works (protected by
copyright), inventions (protected by
patents), signs for distinguishing goods
of an enterprise (protected by
trademarks) and other elements of
industrial property (WTO)]
[
,
.
( ),
( ),

(
),
. ,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,

]
116
477. intermodal container

[container for intermodal traffic]
478. Intermodal Container Transfer

Facility; I.C.T.F.
[an on-dock facility for moving
containers from ship to rail or truck]

(.

)
479. intermodal equipment

[,

.

]
480. intermodal transport

[the movement of goods in one and the
same loading unit or road vehicle,
which uses successively two or more
modes of transport without handling
the goods themselves when changing
modes]

[

]
481. intermodality
[a system of transport whereby two or
more modes of transport are used to
transport the same loading unit or truck
in an integrated manner, without
loading or unloading, in a door-to-door
transport chain]
[ ,

,

- ]
117

482. internal transport order
[document giving instructions about the
transport of goods within an enterprise]
[,

]
483. International Convention on the

Harmonization of Frontier Control of
Goods; Harmonization Convention
[http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/h
armone.pdf]

[
,
,

.
21
1982 ., ,
http://www.unece.org/trans/conventn/harmo
nr.pdf]
484. International Convention on

Simplification and Harmonization of
Customs Procedures; The Revised
Kyoto Convention (RKC)
[WCO]

;

[]
485. international Customs declaration

form TIF
[document used for goods and baggage
in Customs transit by rail, introduced
by the two international Conventions
done at Geneva on 10 January 1952 to
facilitate the crossing of frontiers: for
goods and for passengers and baggage
carried by rail (WCO)]

[
,

,

1952 .
-
]
118
486. international information exchange
[ -
,

]
487. International Maritime Dangerous

Goods Code; IMDG Code
488. International Preliminary

Examination Authority; IPEA
489. International Preliminary

Examination Report; IPER
490. International Rules for the

Interpretation of Trade Terms
[INCOTERMS of ICC]

[
]
491. International Ship and Port Facility

Security Code; ISPFS
492. international trade certificate

[ ,
. -

]
;
( )
493. interoperability
494. inventory control
495. inventory of items
119

496. invisible trade

[ - ,

;
- ;
;
..]
497. invoice
(see also: commercial invoice; consular
invoice; Customs invoice; freight
forwarders invoice; freight invoice;
insurers invoice; proforma invoice)
-
(. : ,
,
, - ,
, -)
498. invoicing data sheet

[document issued within an enterprise
containing data about the goods sold, to
be used as the basis for the preparation
of a commercial invoice
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ,

( /)]
499. invoice price
/
[, -
.

,
- ,
,
, ]
500. irrevocable letter of credit

[a letter of credit with a fixed
expiration date that carries the
irrevocable obligation of the issuing
bank to pay the exporter when all of the
terms and conditions of the letter of
credit have been met]
;

[,

; -
-

,
]
120
501. ISO Country Code

[ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 code elements
representing two-letter codes for
countries (independent states and
several territories) around the world]

[ ISO 3166-1-alpha-2,
-
(. RU )
(
.

,

ICANN
(
, .ru)]
502. Istanbul Convention

[the expression commonly used to refer
to the Convention on temporary
admission, adopted by Customs Cooperation Council in Istanbul in 1990]

[ ,

,

1990 .]
121
J
503. July Package
[an arrangement achieved on 1 August
2004, which defines modalities for
WTO negotiations in the Doha round,
which included trade facilitation]
[
1 2004 .

.

,

]
504. just in time; JIT

[the principle of production and
inventory control in which goods arrive
when needed for production or use]
();
[ ,

,
]
505. just-in-time delivery
;
;

122
K
506. Kyoto Convention / see Revised
Kyoto Convention
/ .

[

1974
.
(

)
2006 .

]
123
L
507. land carriage
[FIATA]
508. land haulage
509. large capacity vessel
510. less than container load; LCL
,

[ ,

]
511. letter of credit L/C

[a document issued by a bank per
instructions by a buyer of goods,
authorizing the seller to draw a specified
sum of money under specified terms]
[ -

,
]
512. letter of intent

[document by means of which a buyer
informs a seller that the buyer has
accepted an offer in principle and
intends to enter into contractual
negotiations (UN/ECE/FAL)]
;
[,

( /)]
124
513. license
;
[, ,
(
)
,

.
]
514. license trade

[
,
-,
]
515. licensing
(
)
[

()
()
.
-

,

]
516. lien

[
]
125

517. lift-on-lift-off (Lo-Lo)
[loading and unloading of intermodal
transport units using lifting equipment]

(-);
[

]
518. liner shipping

[
]
:

519. liquidation
[the finalization of a Customs entry]
[
]
520. loading charges
521. loading contract
522. loading expenses
523. load manifest (see cargo manifest)
524. logistics
[the optimization of transport, storage,
handling and packaging of goods and
services from the point of origin to the
point of consumption. Essentially,
logistics is about getting the right thing,
in the right place, for the right price.
Logistics is the part of supply chain
management encompassing transport
and inventory, while only barely dealing
with the production process]
[ ,
, ,

. ,

.
,

,
126

]
525. long-term contract

[,

, .
]
526. loose goods; bulk goods

[FIATA]
, ;

527. lumpsum rate

[FIATA]
;
;
[

]
127
M
528. manifest
[a list of the goods being transported by
a carrier (or a list of passengers)]
; ,
;

[,

(
)]
529. manufacturing instructions

[document issued within an enterprise to
initiate the manufacture of goods to be
offered for sale or otherwise supplied to
customers (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

,

(
/)]
530. marking
[letters, numbers, and other symbols
placed on cargo packages to facilitate
identification. Also known as marks]
[ ,
,
]
531. marks
532. master
533. mates receipt

[document issued by a ships officer to
acknowledge that a specified
consignment has been received on board
a vessel, and the apparent condition of
the goods; enabling the carrier to issue a
bill of lading (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

,

128
( /)]
534. methods of Customs valuation

[
.

VII -1994
VII
1994

.

,

]
535. minimum bill of lading; min. B/L

[a clause in a bill of lading which
specifies the least charge that the carrier
will make for issuing a lading. The
charge may be a definite sum or the
current charge per ton for any specified
quantity]
( );
[
,

; ,

]
536. mixed cargo

[two or more products carried on board
one ship]

[ , ]
537. mixed consignment

[FIATA]
;
;

129

538. mixed credit

[ ,

.

]
539. modality
[a way to proceed. In WTO
negotiations, modalities set broad
outlines such as formulas or
approaches for tariff reductions for
final commitments]
(
, )
[ , ,

]
540. modalities for negotiations (in WTO)
541. mode of delivery
()
542. model law on electronic commerce

[UNCITRAL]
[-
1996 .

,

. :

,
,

.
130

]
543. mode of transport
544. monitoring
545. most convenient route

[GATT article V: Transit]

[ .V : ]
546. most-favoured-nation; MFN

()
547. most-favoured-nation principle

;
[ ,

.
I 1994 II .
,
,
- ,

,
,
.
,

,
,
, ,
, ,

]
131

548. most favoured national treatment
[the principle of not discriminating
between ones trading partners (GATT
Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS
Article 4)]
[,
,

;
( I, II
4 )]
549. movement control chief officer;

MovCon chief officer;
chief of movement control;
chief movement control officer
550. multilateral trade negotiations; MTN

(in WTO)

; ( )
551. multimodal transport

[Carriage of goods by at least two
different modes of transport. Kind of
movement of cargo using various modes
of transport, as well as handling services
within a single system (more general
notion in comparison with intermodal
traffic)]
;

[

. ,

,

(

).

,

]
132
552. multimodal / combined transport

document
[(generic term) a transport document
used when more than one mode of
transportation is involved in the
movement of cargo. It is a contract of
carriage and receipt of the cargo for a
multimodal transport. It indicates the
place where the responsible transport
company in the move takes
responsibility for the cargo, the place
where the responsibility of this transport
company in the move ends and the
conveyances involved (UN/ECE/FAL)]
/

[( )
,

;

;
,
, ,
,
,

,
,
( /)]
553. multimodal transport bill of loading

[negotiable document evidencing a
contract for the performance and/or
procurement of performance of
multimodal transport and delivery of
goods, the taking in charge of the goods
by the multimodal transport operator
and an undertaking by him to deliver the
goods in accordance with the terms of
the contract; subject to the UNCTAD/
ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport
Documents (ICC Publication No 481).
Alternatively, the term can be written as
multimodal transport bill of lading]

[ ,

/

,
,

.
,

/ ( 481
)]
133

554. multimodal transport document ,
MTD
[document which evidences a
multimodal transport contract, the taking
in charge of the goods by the
multimodal transport operator, and an
undertaking by him to deliver the goods
in accordance with the terms of the
contract (in compliance with the
International Convention on Multimodal
Transport of Goods, not yet in force)]

[,

,
,

(

,
)]
134
N
555.
named insured

[,
]
556.
naming and design rules (in XML);

NDR

( XML)
557.
National Trade and Transport

Facilitation Committee; NTTFC
[National Trade Facilitation Body;
PRO organization]
[see UNECE trade facilitation
Recommendation 4: National Trade
and Transport Facilitation Bodies;
http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommen
dations/rec04/rec04_ecetrd242e.pdf
and the guidelines to it :
dations/rec04/rec04_ecetr256e.pdf]

[
, ]
[. 4
:

,
dations/rec04/rec04_ecetrd242r.pdf
:
dations/rec04/rec04_ecetr256r.pdf]
558.
national treatment

[ ,

,
,

135

( 1 III
-1994).
559.
negotiable FIATA multimodal

transport bill of lading
FBL

[,
,
,

;

.
,
/
, 481 ]
560.
net weight
561.
non-agricultural market access;

NAMA
[ ]
562.
non-automatic licensing

[ ,
.
,
,
-
- .

.
,
, ]
136
563.
non-commercial payment

[
,

]
564.
non-discrimination
,
[

, ]
565.
non-negotiable FIATA multimodal

transport way bill
[document which evidences a
multimodal transport contract, the
taking in charge of the goods by the
multimodal transport operator, and an
undertaking by him to deliver the goods
in accordance with the terms of the
contract. The document can also be
issued for uni-modal sea transport from
port to port. The document is issued by
FIATA, subject to the UNCTAD/ICC
Rules for Multimodal Transport
Documents, ICC Publication No 481.
(FIATA)]

[,

,
,

.

.
,

/,
481 ()]
566.
non-negotiable sea way bill
567.
non-tariff barriers, NTB

[non-tariff barriers, such as quotas,
import licensing systems, sanitary
regulations, prohibitions, etc. Same as
();
[
,

137

non-tariff measures (WTO)]
, :
,
, ,
,
,
.]
568.
non-tariff measures

[
,
,
(
- ),

, ,
,
,

,
]
569.
non-vessel operating common

carrier; NVOCC
570.
notice of circumstances preventing

delivery (goods)
[request made by the carrier to the
sender, or, as the case may be, the
consignee, for instructions as to the
disposal of the consignment when
circumstances prevent delivery and the
return of the goods has not been
requested by the consignor in the
transport document]

()
[ , ,

,

,
, ,

138
]
571.

delivery (transport)
[request made by the carrier to the
sender, or, the consignee as the case
may be, for instructions as to the
disposal of the goods when
circumstances prevent transport before
departure or en route, after acceptance
of the consignment concerned]

()
[ , ,

,

,

]
572.
notification
;
;
573.
notification clauses (WTO)
()
574.
number of original bill of lading
575.
number of packages (or Total

packages in box 6 of the SAD)
139
O
576. offer
[

.

: ,
, , ,
, ,
, .
:
]
577. offer / quotation

[document which, with a view to
concluding a contract, sets out the
conditions under which the goods are
offered (UN/ECE/FAL)]
/
[,

,
( /)]
578. omission
[the failure to act or give a decision
required from Customs by Customs law
within a reasonable time on a matter
duly submitted to them]
; ;
[

,
,

,

]
579. one-stop-shop
[
(
140
),

,
.

,

,
,

,

.

,

]
580. open development process; ODP

[
]
581. optimization of inventory costs
582. optimization of costs of production
583. order
[document by means of which a buyer
initiates a transaction with a seller
involving the supply of goods as
specified, according to conditions set
out in an offer, or otherwise known to
the buyer]
[,

,

,

-
]
141
584. other charges, amount
585. other charges, collect
586. out of profile (FIATA)
587. overland transport
142
P
588.
packing instructions
giving instructions on how goods are to
be packed (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
, ( /)]
589.
package
590.
packing list
[document specifying the distribution
of goods in individual packages
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
;

[, ,

,
, ,

(
/)]
591.
parallel import
[a parallel import, also known as a grey
product, refers to a genuine (i.e. noncounterfeit) product placed on the
market in one country, which is
subsequently imported into a second
country without the permission of the
owner of the intellectual property rights
which attach to the product in the
second country]

[ ,
,

(..
) ,

]
592.
part load
143

593.
part load consignment
594.
partial scope agreement; PSA
595.
particular average
[FIATA]

[, ,
.

]
596.
payment agreement

[

,
.

,

]
597.
payment instructions
598.
payment order
[document containing information
needed to initiate the payment. It may
cover the financial settlement for one or
more commercial trade transactions. A
payment order is an instruction to the
ordered bank to arrange for the
payment of one specified amount to the
beneficiary (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ,
;

;

144

( /)]
599.
performance of the contract

[,
,
]
600.
perishable goods (road transport)

[goods considered as perishable
according to the Agreement on the
International Carriage of Perishable
Foodstuffs and on the Special
Equipment to be used for such Carriage
(ATP)]
[http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp1
1/wp11fdoc/Atpeng.pdf]

( )
[,

,
()]
[http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp1
1/wp11fdoc/Atprus.pdf]
601.
permitted (permissible) subsidies

[,

]
602.
phytosanitary certificate
body in the exporting country
evidencing that plants, fruit, or
vegetables are free from disease and fit
for consumption and giving details on
fumigation or other treatment to which
they may have been subjected.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

()
[, -

,

,
, ,
( /)]
145

603.
pick list
[a list, typically generated by a
computer, of what items need to be
picked to fulfil an order]
[,
,

]
604.
pick up and delivery

[FIATA]
605.
piggy-back traffic
[FIATA]

[

]
606.
place of delivery
607.
place of delivery by on-carrier
608.
place of issue
609.
place of receipt by pre-carrier
610.
place of transhipment
611.
place / port of discharge
/ ,
612.
place / port of loading
613.
place / port of unlading
614.
pool
[the use in common of containers
established by an agreement (UNECEs
Container Pool Convention, 1994)]
[
(
, 1994)]
146
615.
pool containers
(UNECEs Container Pool Convention,
1994)
,
(
, 1994)
616.
port administration
617.
port charges document

[documents specifying services
rendered, storage and handling costs,
demurrage and other charges due to the
owner of goods described therein.
(UN/ECE/FAL)

[,
,
,

( /)]
618.
post-clearance audit
619.
port marks
[an identifying set of letters numbers
and/or geometric symbols followed by
the name of the port of destination,
which are placed on export shipments]

[ ,
,
, ,
/ ,

]
620.
port of discharge; POD

[port where vessel is off loaded and
cargo discharges]

[,
]
621.
port of entry
[a port at which foreign goods are
admitted into the receiving country]
;
[,

]
622.
port of loading
[port where cargo is loaded aboard the
vessel lashed and stowed]

[,
]
147

623.
pre-alert shipment declaration
624.
pre-arrival clearance

[
]
625.
pre-carriage by

[

]
626.
predictability
627.
preferential tariffs
628.
preferential tax regime
629.
preferential trade agreement, PTA
630.
prepaid freight
[note in the transport document
indicating that freight is prepaid in the
port of loading]

[ ,
,

. ,

. ,
,
,
,

,
]
148
631.
preshipment inspection; PSI

[the practice of employing specialized
private companies to check shipment
details of goods ordered overseas
i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc (WTO)]

[,

,

,
,
,
,

.

,

, ,

,
.

.

.

27 ,

]
149

632.
prima facie
[Latin, on first appearance. A term
frequently encountered in foreign trade.
When a steamship company issues a
clean bill of lading, it acknowledges
that the goods were received in
apparent good order and condition and
this is said by the courts to constitute
prima facie evidence of the conditions
of the containers; that is, if nothing to
the contrary appears, it must be inferred
that the cargo was in good condition
when received by the carrier]
prima facie
[ . ,
,
.

.

,
,
, prima
facie,
. , ,
,
,

]
633.
principal
, ;
[,

]
634.
production of goods to the Customs

[the act of presenting goods to the
competent Customs authorities, at the
place designated or accepted by them,
for completion of the Customs
formalities. The production of goods to
the Customs is itself one of the
Customs formalities (WCO)]
[

,
.

()]
635.
ro-forma invoice
[document serving as a preliminary
invoice, containing - on the whole - the
same information as the final invoice,
but not actually claiming payment
-
[,
-

,
150
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
,
( /)]
636.
proof of delivery

[ - ,

]
637.
purchase
[ ,

]
638.
purchase order
to initiate the purchase of articles or
materials required for the production or
manufacture of goods to be for sale or
otherwise supplied to customers
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

,

,

(
/)]
639.
purchase order confirmation
640.
purchasing agent
[see buying agent]
151
Q
641. quantitative restrictions / quotas
[explicit limits, or quotas, on the
physical amounts of particular
commodities that can be imported or
exported during a specified time period,
usually measured by volume but
sometimes by value]
/
[

,

.

,

()
;

(. XI 1994:
)]
642. quotation
[an offer to sell goods at a stated price
and under specified conditions, with a
view to concluding a contract]
[,

,
]
152
R
643. radio frequency identification; RFID
[RFID refers to systems that use
transponders that transmit data to an
RFID receiver. RFID systems can be
used to track items as large as oceangoing containers onboard a ship to being
incorporated into a label on a product.
RFID can carry more information than
barcodes, allowing for such information
as batch number, and date of
manufacture]

[

,

.

, , ,
.

( , ),
]
644. rail consignment note

(see CIM Consignment Note)
[transport document constituting a
contract for the carriage of goods
between the sender and the carrier (the
railway). Remark: For international rail
traffic, this document must conform to
the model prescribed by the
international conventions concerning
carriage of goods by rail, e.g. CIM
Convention, SMGS Convention]

[ ,

,
, (
) ;

,

, ]
645. railway gauge

[broad, narrow, standard gauge]

[, , ]
153

646. random supply
647. rate of exchange
648. ready for despatch advice

[document issued by a supplier
informing a buyer that goods ordered
are ready for despatch (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
,

( /)]
649. reasonable charges (GATT art.V:

Transit)
650. receiving date
651. red clause letter of credit

[a letter of credit that allows the
exporter to receive a percentage of the
face value of the letter of credit in
advance of shipment. This enables the
exporter to purchase inventory and pay
other costs associated with producing
and preparing the export order]

[
,

,

.

,
.

/,

]
652. reexportation
[FIATA]
[ .

,
. : ()
-
154
; () ,

]
653. regional appellation certificate
[certificate drawn up in accordance with
the rules laid down by an authority or
approved body, certifying that the goods
described therein qualify for a
designation specific to the given region
(e.g. champagne, port wine, Parmesan
cheese) (UN/ECE/FAL)]
, , , ,

,

(, , ,
) ( /)]
654. reimportation
[FIATA]
[ -
.
: ()
- ,

() -
,
-
. -

,
,
]
655. release (of goods or cargo)

[the action by Customs to permit goods
undergoing clearance to be placed at the
disposal of the persons concerned]
BUT: release for shipment
( )
[

]
155

:
656. repayment
[the refund, in whole or in part, of duties
and taxes paid on goods and the
remission, in whole or in part, of duties
and taxes where payment has not been
made]
; ;
[ (
) ,

(
),
]
657. request for delivery instructions

[document issued by a supplier
requesting instructions from the buyer
regarding the details of the delivery of
goods ordered (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

(
/)]
658. request for quotation
659. resident agent
;
-
[ ,

]
660. restricted articles
[ ,

]
661. restriction
[
,

]
156
662. Revised Kyoto Convention (RKC)
[
.
1974 .
(
)
2006 .

.

,

.

,
,

. ,
() ,

.

- .
,

157

.
,

.

]
663. RFID
(see radio frequency identification)
(.
)
664. right of appeal (in WTO)

( ) ( )
665. risk assessment
666. risk assessment and management

system
667. risk management

[the process of measuring, or assessing,
risk and developing strategies to manage
it. Strategies include transferring the
risk to another party, avoiding the risk,
reducing the negative effect of the risk,
and accepting some or all of the
consequences of a particular risk.
Traditional risk management focuses on
risks stemming from physical or legal
causes (e.g. natural disasters or fires,
accidents, death, and lawsuits)]

[
.

; ;

.

( , ,
, , )]
668. river waybill

[transport document issued by the

[ ,
158
carrier to the shipper of goods carried by

river which evidences receipt of the
goods for carriage and binds the carrier
to surrender the goods to the consignee
at the port of destination.
(UN/ECE/FAL)]
,
,

( /)]
669. road & rail ferry ramp
670. road consignment note

(see CMR consignment note)
[transport document which evidences a
contract between a carrier and a sender
for the carriage of goods by road
(generic term). Remark: the Convention
on the Contract for the International
Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR)
prescribes a number of particulars that
should be contained in this document]
(

, )
[ ,

( ). :

()

,
]
671. road haulage; trailer truck
672. road haulage agent
673. rolling road

[transport of complete road vehicles,
using roll-on roll-off techniques, on
trains comprising low floor wagons
throughout]
159

.

]
674. roll-on roll-off (Ro-Ro)
[loading and unloading of a road
vehicle, a wagon or an ITU on or off a
ship on its own wheels or wheels
attached to it for that purpose. In the
case of rolling road, only road vehicles
are driven on and off a train]

-;
[
,

,

.

]
675. route
676. royalties
;
;
677. Rules for International Carriage of

Freight
678. Rules for International Railway

Carriage of Dangerous Goods; RID
679. rules of origin

[specific provisions, developed from
principles established by national
legislation or international agreements
(origin criteria), applied by a country
to determine the origin of goods.
(Annex D.1. to the Kyoto Convention.)]

[,

,

( D.1
)]
160
S
680.
SAFE
[Framework of Standards for security
in international trade, adopted by the
World Customs Organization]
[
, ]
681.
SAFETIR; SafeTIR
[System of Electronic Control for TIR
Carnets]
TIR
[
]
682.
safety
683.
sample of no commercial value
684.
sanitary certificate
authority in the exporting country
evidencing that alimentary and animal
products, including dead animals, are
fit for human consumption, and giving
details, when relevant, of controls
undertaken (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, -
,
, ,
,
, ,

( /)]
685.
sanitary and phytosanitary

measures; SPS
[WTO agreement]
[ ]
161

686.
Schedule B
[refers to Schedule B, Statistical
Classification of Domestic and Foreign
Commodities Exported from the United
States. Being replaced under the
Harmonized System of the WCO
(USA)]
B
[
,

- ,

(
); .

]
687.
seal
[a piece of metal or other material used
to join together two ends of a fastening
in a secure manner. More sophisticaed
seals, including electronic ones, are
being developed]
;
[

,
()
, ,
.
,
]
688.
seal a container
689.
sealing
690.
seamless process
[a process which does not contain
procedural, manual, or other
interventions that would hamper the
possibility of developing an automated
version of this process]
;
;
[, ,
,
]
691.
sea shipping
162
692.
sea waybill
[non-negotiable document which
evidences a contract for the carriage of
goods by sea and the taking over of the
goods by the carrier, and by which the
carrier undertakes to deliver the goods
to the consignee named in the
document. (UN/ECE/FAL) Remark:
Synonymous with straight or nonnegotiable Bill of Lading used in
certain countries, e.g. Canada and the
United States of America]

[ ,

,
;

,
,

( /)]
693.
sender
694.
senders instructions
695.
separating release from clearance

procedures
696.
shed operator
697.
ship
698.
shipment
, , ;
( )
699.
ships general declaration

[declaration (IMCO FAL Form 1)
conforming to the provisions of the
Annex to the Convention on
Facilitation of Maritime Traffic,
London, 1965. The general declaration
is the basic document on arrival and
departure providing information
concerning the ship itself and summary

[ (IMCO FAL 1),
,

, 1965.

,
,
163

information relating to the cargo, crew,
passengers and voyage (WCO)]

, ]
700.
shipper
[a party that tenders goods for
transportation, as opposed to a carrier,
who transports shipments]
701.
shippers declaration
;
[ ,

;
- ,

]

702.
Shippers Intermodal Weight

Certificate
FIATA-SIC

[,

, -

,
(,

1992 )]
703.
ships manifest
[an instrument in writing containing a
list of the shipments comprising the
cargo of the vessel, signed by the
capitain]
[ ,
,
]
704.
shipping capacities
705.
shipping documentation
706.
shipping company
164
707.
shipping instructions ;
shippers letter of instruction (SLI) ;
consignment instructions
[document advising details of cargo
and exporters requirements for its
physical movement (UN/ECE/FAL);
Instructions from either the
seller/shipper or the buyer/consignee to
a freight forwarder, carrier or their
agent, or other provider of a service,
enabling the movement of goods and
associated activities. The following
functions can be covered: movement
and handling of goods (shipping,
forwarding and stowage), customs
formalities, distribution of documents,
allocation of documents (freight and
charges for the connected operations),
special instructions (insurance,
dangerous goods, goods release,
additional documents required).]
;
;

[,

( /).
/
/,
,
,

, , ,

(,
),
,
(
),
(,
, ,
)]
708.
shipping line
709.
shipping marks
710.
shipping note S/N

[document provided by the shipper or
his agent to the carrier, multimodal
transport operator, terminal or other
receiving authority, giving information
about export consignments offered for
transport, and providing for the
necessary receipts and declarations of
liability (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ,
,

, , ,

(
165

) ( /)]
711.
shipping operations
712.
shipping order

[,
.
,
, .
: , ,
,
, ,
, , ,

.

]
713.
shipping order confirmation
714.
shipping tariff
715.
short shipped
[cargo manifested but not loaded]
(,
)
[, ,
]
716.
sight draft
[a draft payable upon presentation to
the drawee]
()
[,
]
717.
simplified and preferential clearance

()
166
718.
Singapore issues
[four issues introduced to the WTO
agenda at the December 1996 WTO
Ministerial Conference in Singapore:
trade and investment, trade and
competition policy, transparency in
government procurement, and trade
facilitation. Only trade facilitation
remained on the core agenda (issues
of negotiation, on which a possible
WTO agreement is in view) after July
2004]

[ ,

1996 .:
,
,

.

2004.]
719.
single administrative document

(SAD)
[European Union]

()
[,
,
.
200

.
-

.

; .

1 2007.]
720.
single window
[a system that allows all participants in
trade and transport to file requested
information in only one place, in a
standard format, in order to carry out
import, export and transit operations]

[,

,
,
,
]
167
721.
small and medium-sized enterprises;

SMEs
722.
Smart and Secure Trade Lanes

Initiative; SST
723.
SMGS
[Agreement on International Goods
Traffic]
[
, 1951 .]
724.
SMGS consignment note

[
,

- ,
- ]
725.
smuggling; contraband
[the fraudulent taking into a country, or
out of it, merchandise which is lawfully
prohibited. To bring somethingthrough
a border secretly or by fraud]
[
.

]
726.
special and differential treatment of

developing country obligations; SDT
[WTO]
727.
special requirements related to

border measures

[ ,
( 4).

,

,
168

,

.

,
.

.

.

]
728.
standard
[, , ,

.

- ,

,

,
.

, ,
, ..]
169
729.
standard bill of lading
730.
Standard International Trade

Classification; SITC
[a standard numerical code system
developed by the United Nations to
classify commodities used in
international trade]

;
[
,
;

]
731.
statistical document, export

[document in which an exporter
provides information about exported
goods required by the body responsible
for the collection of international trade
statistics (UN/ECE/FAL)]
()
[,

, ,

( /)]
732.
standardization
[a universally agreed set of guidelines
seeking to facilitate international trade
by harmonizing individual countries
trade-relevant regulations. Standardized
input parts permit the creation of
effective cross-country supply chain]
[
,

.

]
733.
statistical document, import

[document in which an importer
provides information about imported
goods required by the body responsible
for the collection of international trade
statistics (UN/ECE/FAL)]
()
[,

, ,

170
(
/)]
734.
stock note
[ ,
.
: ,
, , , ,

.

- ]
735.
stores
[goods intended for consumption by the
passengers and the crew on board
vessels, aircraft or trains, whether or
not sold; goods necessary for the
operation and maintenance of vessels,
aircraft or trains, including fuel and
lubricants but excluding spare parts and
equipment; and goods for sale to the
passengers and the crew of vessels and
aircraft with a view to being landed.
Note: Customs treatment of stores for
vessels, aircraft or trains used for
commercial purposes is dealt with in
Annex A.4. to the Revised Kyoto
Convention]
, ,
[, , ,
,
; ,
,
,

(
, ,

).
:
,
,

.4
]
736.
stores requisition
ordering the taking out of stock of
goods ordered by a customer]

[,

,
171

]
737.
stowage
[

; ]
738.
straddling Customs facilities
739.
streamline
[to simplify, to modernize process of
production]
, ,
( )
740.
stream of supply
741.
supplier
742.
supplementary charges
743.
supply
744.
supply chain

[ ; ]
745.
supply chain management

[SCM plans and manages the supply
chain, i.e. the entire production and
distribution process of a good from its
raw materials to the final sale to the
customer. The supply chain usually
includes third parties like suppliers,
wholesalers or intermediaries, which
are frequently located in different
countries. Thus, efficient inter-country
SCM crucially depends on simplified
()
[ ,

, ,

.
,
,
,
172
746.
and standardized border-crossing

procedures. Optimizing the supply
chain can attain substantial cost
reductions, can boost the
competitiveness of firms and can
increase their consumer-friendliness by
producing goods, which are tailored to
the customers needs]
.
,
.

,

,
,
]
surety bond
[a bond insuring against loss or damage
or for the completion of obligations]
;

[

,

.
,

]
173
T
747.
tally sheet
[list of cargo, incoming and outgoing,
checked by tally clerk on dock]
; ;

[,

]
748.
tank wagon
[wagon designed for the bulk transport
of liquids or gases]
-
[,

]
749.
tare weight
[the weight of the container and/or
packing materials only - excluding the
weight of the goods inside the
container]
[]
[ ,
/ , ()

]
750.
target zone arrangement

[ ,

]
751.
tariff applied
752.
tariff barriers

[ ,

]
174
753.
tariff classification
754.
tariff distance, km
755.
tariff quota

[,

.

]
756.
tax declaration (value added tax)

[document in which an importer states
the pertinent information required by
the competent body for assessment of
value-added tax (UN/ECE/FAL)]
(
)
[, ,

( /)]
757.
TBT Agreement
[WTO Agreement on Technical
Barriers to Trade]
758.
technical barriers to trade

TBT
[WTO agreement]

[ ,

, ,
,

.

.
175

]
759.
Techniques and Methodology

Working Group; TMWG
760.
technical rules

[,
,

]
761.
TEN (Trans-European Transport

Network)
(
)
762.
terminal operator
763.
terms of delivery
764.
third party
[any person who deals directly with
Customs, for and on behalf of another
person, relating to the importation,
exportation, movement or storage of
goods]

[,

,
,
]
765.
third party logistics; 3PL

[outsourcing all or part of a firms
logistics, usually transport or
warehousing, to an external specialized
service provider. The firm thus seeks to
benefit from the scale effects and the
expertise of the 3PL-provider in order
to obtain a cost-minimizing tailor-made
logistics service]
; 3PL
[ 3PL
.
,

,
.
, ,
,
3PL-.

:
176

, ,
.
-
,

,
,

,
3PL. ,
3PL-,

,
]
766.
through bill of lading T.B.L.

[bill of lading which evidences a
contract of carriage from one place to
another in separate stages of which at
least one stage is a sea transit, and by
which the issuing carrier accepts
responsibility for the carriage as set
forth in the through bill of lading
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,

,

,
,
,
,

( /)]
767.
through rate

[
]
768.
TIR Convention (TIR - Transport

international routier)
[Customs Convention on International
Transportation of Goods using TIR

[

]
177

carnets]
769.
TIR Carnet
[international Customs document
(International Transit by Road) issued
by a guaranteeing association approved
by Customs authorities, under the cover
of which transiting goods are
transported, in most cases under a
Customs seal, in road vehicles and/or
containers in compliance with the
requirements of the TIR Convention on
the International Transport of Goods
under cover of TIR Carnets (TIR
Convention)]

[ ,
,
,
,
,
/

( )]
770.
to be paid by
771.
tolling

[ ()
.

,
]
772.
track gauge
[distance between a pair of rails
measured between the inside edges of
the rail heads]

[ ,

.
:
, ,
]
773.
tractor
178
774.
trade agreement
[
,
]
775.
trade controls

[
,

]
776.
trade facilitation
[simplification, standardization and
harmonization of procedures and all
necessary information required for the
movement of goods from the seller to
the buyer and for payment
(UN/CEFACT)]

[, ,
,

;

;

,

,
.
:
,
,
trade
promotion, ,

.

179

]
777.
Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual

Property Rights; TRIPS
[WTO]
;
[
,

]
778.
trade procedures (international trade

procedures)
[activities, practices and formalities
involved in collecting, presenting,
communicating and processing data
required for the movement of goods in
international trade (WTO). This
definition relates to a wide range of
activities such as import and export
procedures (e.g. Customs or licensing
procedures); transport formalities;
payments, insurance, and other
financial requirements. Work in the
area has been carried out by
organizations such as UNCTAD,
UNECE or the WCO for several
decades]
( )
[, , ,
,

().

,
:
(,
), ,
,
. , 50- , , , ,
, ..]
779.
trade treaties

[
,
]
780.
traffic
[freight, transportation, turnover of
180
goods, freight flow]
[, , ]
781.
traffic document
782.
traffic flow
783.
trailer
784.
transaction costs
[any costs paid on top of the agreed
price in an economic exchange.
Transaction costs include the costs of
searching for an appropriate exchange
opportunity, negotiating a contract and
enforcing it. They also contain
supplementary payments like tariffs or
ad hoc taxes and the opportunity costs
of time wasted in dealing with
bureaucracy]
(
);

[,
.

,
,
.

, ,
,
, ,

]
785.
transaction value
()
[

]
786.
transferable letter of credit

[a letter of credit that allows all or a
portion of the proceeds to be
transferred from the original
beneficiary to one or more additional
beneficiaries]

[,

;
181

,

]
787.
transit trade
[a cross-border trade transaction, where
the transported goods cross one or
several countries before arriving at the
country of destination. Transit trade
could considerably raise freight and
transaction costs and thus discourage
cross-border trade. Major obstacles
could be different standards and
regulations, lacking transport
infrastructure or ICT usage, and border
crossing fares and delays. Article V of
the GATT endorses the freedom of
transit, non-discriminatory treatment of
transit trade, and an abolition of delays
and excessive border levies, in order to
encourage transit trade]

[ ,

.

.

,

, ,
.
V 1994

,

,
]
788.
transhipment
[Customs procedure under which goods
are transferred under Customs control
from the importing means of transport
to the exporting means of transport
within the area of on Customs office
which is the office of both importation
and exportation. Transhipment is dealt
with in Annex E.2. to the Kyoto
Convention]
;
[ ,

()

,

( .2.
)]
182
789.
transhipment port
[a port where cargo is transferred from
one carrier to another or from one
vessel of a carrier to another vessel of
the same carrier without the cargo
leaving the port]

[,

,
]
790.
transit (transit trade)

[the business conected with the passage
of goods through a country to their
destination. Customs: A procedure
according to which cargo or passengers
pass from one Customs office to
another under Customs control,
whereby the cargo can pass in inward
transit, i.e. from an import office to an
inland Customs office; in outward
transit, i.e. from an inland Customs
office to an export office; in through
transit, i.e. from an import office to an
export office; in interior transit, i.e.
from one inland Customs office to
another. Inward transit, outward transit
and through transit are referred to as
international Customs transit if they are
done in a single transit operation
crossing several frontiers. A
prerequisite for this is a bilateral
agreement]
[
. ,

.
,

;

;
;

. ,

,

.

]
791.
transit bond-not
[national Customs document providing
authority for goods to be conveyed in
Customs transit without prior payment
of import duties and taxes, generally
[ ,
-
183

containing all the particulars necessary
for the assessment, where appropriate,
of import duties and taxes, and an
undertaking, covered by security, to
produce the goods at the Customs
office of destination with Customs
seals intact (WCO)]

, ,
, , , ,

()]
792.
transit duties

[,

]
793.
transit traffic
794.
transparency
[ ,

,
]
795.
transport axes
796.
transport chain
797.
transport details
798.
transport information
799.
transport (railway transport)

[the movement of freight and passenger
trains by railway, even in those cases
when a part of the transport is carried
out by waterways]
(
)
[
,
,
]
184
800.
transport (road transport)

[the movement of laden or unladen
motor-vehicles by road, even if for a
part of the journey the motor-vehicle,
trailer or semi-trailer is using
waterways or rail]
(
)
[

,
,

]
801.
transport services
()
802.
transport-unit
[any means of transporting goods
suitable for use in a Customs transit
operation or under Customs seal. The
term transport-unit means: containers
having an internal volume of one cubic
metre or more, road vehicles, including
trailers and semi-trailers, railway
wagons, and lighters, barges and
similar vessels (WCO)]

[ ,

.
:
1 ,
,
,
, ,
]
803.
transportation; conveyance; carriage
804.
transportation of goods
805.
trucking
806.
twenty-foot equivalent unit; TEU

[standard unit for counting containers
of various capacities and for describing
the capacities of container ships or
terminals]
1) ;
[
,

185
807.
types of packages
]
2)
[ -
= 610 ]

186
U
808 unified Customs code
809 unified business agreements and

contracts; UBAC
810 unified modelling language; UML

UML
811 unique consignment reference; UCR

[WCO term]

[ ]
812 unit load device; ULD

[pallet or container for freight]

[ ,
,
]
813 United Nations Code for Trade and

Transport Locations; UN/LOCODE
[www.unece.org/locode/
www.unece.org/cefact/recommendation
s/rec16/rec16_1998_ecetrd227.pdf]
[

;
www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations
/rec16/rec16_ecetrd227r.pdf]
814 United Nations Commodity Trade

Statistics Database; COMTRADE
[comtrade.un.org]
815 United Nations Layout Key for

Trade Documents (UNLK)
-
-
187

[http://www.unece.org/cefact/recomme
ndations/rec01/rec01_ecetr270.pdf]
816 United Nations Trade Data Elements
Directory (UNTDED)
http://www.unece.org/trade/untdid/UN
TDED2005.pdf)
()

;
817 United Nations Trade Data

Interchange Directory (UNTDID)
818 UN/CEFACT Modelling

Methodolodgy (UMM)
[in UN/CEFACT]
819 unitization
[the packing of single or multiple
consignments into ULDs or pallets]
,

[

]
820 universal business language; UBL

- UBL
821 universal (multipurpose) transport

document
()

[ ,

-
,

188
,
]
822 unladen transport; empty carriage
823 unnecessary delays

[GATT article V: Transit]

[.V : ]
824 urgent consignment

[goods which require rapid clearance as
a matter of priority due to: their nature,
their being relief consignments; their
meeting a fully justified urgent need]
;

[, .

,
,
, ,

]
189
V
825. value declaration
[document in which a declarant
(importer) states the invoice or other
price (e.g. selling price, price of
identical goods), and specifies costs for
freight, insurance and packing, etc.,
terms of delivery and payment, any
relationship with the trading partner
etc., for the purpose of determining the
Customs value of goods imported
(UN/ECE/FAL)]

[, ()
(, ,
)
, , . .,
,
. .
( /)]
826. value insured
827. vessel
828. veterinary certificate

authority in the exporting country
evidencing that live animals or birds
are not infested or infected with
disease, and giving details regarding
their provenance, and of vaccinations
and other treatment to which they have
been subjected (UN/ECE/FAL)]

[,
- ,
,
,
( /)]
829. volume
830. volume of freight traffic
190
W-X
W
831. warehouse depositor
[, ]
832. warehouse keeper
833. warehouse receipt

[a receipt of commodities deposited in
a warehouse, identifying the
commodities deposited. It is nonnegotiable if permitting delivery only
to a specified person or firm, but it is
negotiable if made out to the order of a
person or firm or to a bearer.
Warehouse receipts are common
documents in international banking]

[,

. ..
,

; c.. ,

( )
.

]
834. warehouse warrant

[Document guaranteeing the existence
and availability of a given quantity and
quality of a commodity in storage and
commonly used as the instrument of
transfer of ownership in both cash and
futures transactions.]

[ , .

191

(futures).
:

-.

.

.

, ..
,
]
835. waybill

[ ]
836. WCO Data Model

[A data model and data set developed
at the WCO for Customs data
harmonization as a subset of the UN
Trade Data Elements Directory
(UNTDED)]

[ ,

( )]
837. Worldwide Insurance Electronic

Commerce (WICe)
[ ,

.

]
192
838. XML
[s eXtensible Mark-up Language]
W-X
XML
[. eXtensible Mark-up Language]
193
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
International Organizations Dealing with Trade Facilitation

Asia Pacific Council for Trade
Facilitation and Electronic Business
(AFACT)
[regional arm of UN/CEFACT in Asia]
-

()
[
]
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

(APEC)
[carries out significant programmes for
trade facilitation]
-

()
[
]
Automated Brokerage Interface (ABI)

[an electronic system allowing Customs
brokers and importers to interface via
computer with the U.S. Customs Service to
transmit entry and enter summary data on
imported merchandise]

[

,
, ,

]
Automated Manifest System (AMS)

[an electronic system allowing a manifest
inventory to be transmitted to the U.S.
Customs Service data centre by carrier, port
authority or service centre computers]

(
)
[

,
,
195

]
BINSA; Black Sea International Ship
Owners Association
BRASS
[Black Sea Association of Shipbuilders and
Ship Repairmen]
BRASS
[
]
Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

[http://www.bsec-organization.org]

()
Business Advisory Council (BAC)

(previously of the Stability pact for Southeastern Europe)

(
)
Caribbean Community; CARICOM

[www.caricom.org]
Central American Common Market

(CACM)

()
CHR
[Council of Heads of Railways]
[ ]
Common Market for Eastern and

Southern Africa (COMESA)
[www.comesa.int/index_html/view]
Council for Trade in Goods (CTG)

[CTG oversees WTO agreements on goods,
including the ATC (WTO)]

()
[
.
-1994 ,
1a
196
.

.
.
,

.

- ]
Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)
[former name of WCO]

()
[
]
Dispute Settlement Body of WTO (DSB)

[
IV

()]
Economic Cooperation Organization

(ECO)
[www.ecosecretariat.org]

()
Economic Community of West African

States; ECOWAS
[www.ecowas.int]
uropean Commission (EC)
()
[

DG TAXUD]
197
European Conference of Ministers of

Transport (ECMT)
[a forum in which Ministers responsible for
transport, and more specifically the inland
transport sector, can co-operate on policy.
Web site : www.cemt.org]

()
[ ,
17 1953 .,
43
- , 7 .

.

]
European Patent Office (EPO)

[www.european-patent-office.org]

()
European Union (EU)

[www.europa.eu]
FIATA
[International Federation of Freight
Forwarders Associations; web page
www.fiata.com]
[
-
]
Global Facilitation Partnership for Trade

and Transport Facilitation (GFP)
(www.gfptt.org)
Inter-American Development Bank; IDB

[web site: www.iadb.org]

()
International Air Transport Association

(IATA) [www.iata.org]

()
198
International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO)
[A specialized agency of the United
Nations, with headquarters in Montreal. Its
task is to promote general development of
civil aviation (e.g. aircraft design and
operation, safety procedures, contractual
agreements), web page: www.icao.int]

()
[
,
,
,

.

,
. -
]
International Chamber of Commerce

(ICC)
[www.iccwbo.org]

()
[
.
1919 , -
.

,
,

.
, ,

,
,
,

,
,
,
,
, ]
199
International Chamber of Shipping; ICS

[www.marisec.org]
International Freighting Corporation

(IFC)
International Maritime Organization

(IMO)
[www.imo.org]

()
International Multimodal Transport

Association (IMMTA)
[www.immta.org]

()
International Organization for

Standardization; ISO
[www.iso.org]

;
[
,

,
. , ,
,

154 (www.iso.org)]
International Road Federation; IRF

[www.irfnet.org]
International Road Transport Union;

IRU
[www.iru.org]
[

,

(TIR), www.iru.org]
200
International Searching Authority; ISA
International Trade Procedures Working

Group (ITPWG), now TBG15 of
UN/CEFACT

(TBG15)
International Union of Credit and

Investment Insurers
[http://www.berneunion.org.uk/]

[ 1934.

,

.
-

,
,

]
International Union of Railways; UIC
Legal Working Group; LWG

[UN/CEFACT]
Latin American Economic System; SELA
Latin American Integration Association;

LAIA
North American Free Trade Agreement;

NAFTA
201
Organization for the Advancement of

Structured Information Standards
(OASIS)
[a non-for-profit, global consortium that
drives the development, convergence and
adoption of e-business standards]
[www.oasis-open.org]
[
,

]
Organization for Cooperation and

Railways (OSJD)
[www.osjd.org]

()
Organization for Economic Co-operation

and Development (OECD)
[www.oecd.org]

()
[ , 29
-,
(, ,
, .

-, . -
, .

, .
]
SECIPRO
[a network of national PRO Committees in
Southeast Europe; a PRO Committee is a
national body that aims to increase business
and investment through the simplification
and modernization of procedures and
information exchange in administration,
[
- .
,

202
commerce and transport] [www.secipro.net]

,
, ]
Simpler Trade Procedures Board

(SITPRO) (in the United Kingdom)
[www.sitpro.org.uk]

()
Society for Worldwide Interbank

Financial Telecommunication; SWIFT
[www.swift.com]
[
,
.
,

. ,
,
.

]
Southern African Development

Community; SADC
South American common market;

MERCOSUR
Southeast European Cooperative

Initiative; SECI

- ;
SPECA UN;
[UN Special Programme for Economies of
Central Asia]

[
]
203
TRACECA;
Transport Corridor Europe-CaucasusAsia
[www.traceca-org.org]
;
--

,

:
,
..
Trade Negotiations Committee (in WTO)

( )
Trade point network
[ ,
]
United Nations Centre for Trade

Facilitation and Electronic Business;
UN/CEFACT
[www.unece.org/cefact/]
United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development; UNCTAD
[www.unctad.org]
United Nations Economic and Social

Commission for Asia and the Pacific;
ESCAP
[www.unescap.org]
United Nations Economic and Social

Commission for Western Asia;
ESCWA
[www.escwa.org.lb]
204
United Nations Economic Commission

for Africa; UN ECA
[www.uneca.org]

for Europe; UNECE
[www.unece.org/cefact]

for Latin America and the Caribbean;
ECLAC
[www.eclac.cl]
United Nations electronic documents

project; UneDocs
[www.UNeDocs.org]

UneDocs
United Nations Industrial Development

Organization; UNIDO
[www.unido.org ]
[

]
Universal Postal Union; UPU

[www.upu.int]
;
[www.upu.int]
World Bank;
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
[www.worldbank.org]
, ;
[
-
().

.

,

205
,

)]
World Customs Organization (WCO)
[World Customs Organization, a
multilateral body located in Brussels
through which participating countries seek
to simplify and rationalize Customs
procedures]
[www.wcoomd.org]

()
[ ,

()

; ,
;

,
,

.
]
World Economic Forum; WEF

[www.weforum.org]
World Intellectual Property

Organization; WIPO
[www.wipo.int]
World Trade Organization; WTO

[www.wto.org]
[ 1995
,

.
206
, ,

-
.
,
.
]
World Trade Point Federation
207
Index of the Russian Terms

-
7
advance against document
42
average adjuster
18
air waybill
96
carriage by air
670
road consignment note
39
automatic licensing
41
automatic vehicle identification

(AVI)
438
haulier
79, 640
buying agent, purchasing agent
452
importer agent
672
road haulage agent
317
export agent
administrative settlement of a
Custom offense
616
port administration
advance cargo information system
511
letter of credit (L/C)
651
red clause letter of credit
264

()
deferred payment credit, deferred

payment letter of credit
208
INDEX OF RUSSIAN TERMS
464
inspection report; inspection

certificate
acceptance credit
acceptance of goods
379
free trade area of the Americas;

FTAA
23
appeal procedure
24
BTO
appellate body wto
676
; ;

royalties
16
airport of departure
814
United Nations Commodity Trade

Statistics Datebase
364
frame contract
49
Basic Semantic Unit
48
Basic Semantic Register
46
banking instructions
578
omission
681
TIR
SAFETIR; SafeTIR
500
irrevocable letter of credit
475
(
)
integrity
442
impartiality
75
business process
146
compliance shipping label
62
bonded transport regime
209

61, 63
bonded store, bonded warehouse
70
bordereau
318
export broker
49
BSU
48
BSR
71
budgetary efficiency of import
748
tank wagon
188
currency
349
foreigb exchange permit; foreign

exange license
190
currency offences
191
currency terms and conditions of a

contract
189
currency inspection
647
rate of exchange
462
input data
443
importation
445
import cost
51, 293
bill of exchange, draft of exchange
716
()
sight draft
517

(-)
lift-on-lift-off (Lo-Lo)
426
gross weight
560
net weight
702
Shippers Intermodal Weight

Certificate
210
828
veterinary certificate
493
interoperability
543
mode of transport
837
Worldwide Insurance Electronic

Commerce (WICe)
45, 352
bank for foreign trade, foreign trade

bank
173
contract in foreign trade
173
contract in foreign trade
353
foreign trade credit
351
foreign trade
461
inland transport, domestic operations
458
inland carrier
459
inland clearance depot
461
inland transport, domestic operations
294
drawback
18
air waybill
676
;
;
royalties
463
in-quota
182
cover note
459
ICD
646
random supply
330
export of goods
322
export duties and taxes
211

655
( )
release (of goods or cargo)
59
bonded port
433
harmonization
224
Customs harmonization
435
harmonized system
434
harmonized code
410
GATT
410
General Agreement on Tariffs and

Trade
415
Geigraphic Information System
415
GIS
549
movement control chief officer;

MovCon chief officer; chief of
movement control; chief movement
control officer
674
roll-on-roll off (Ro-Ro)
87,153,
698
cargo, consignment, shipment
407
full container load
697
ship
88, 89,
385
cargo declaration; Cargo Declaration;

freight declaration
420
goods declaration for Customs transit
94
cargo receipt
589
package
212
386,
403
freighter, freight vessel
388
freight forwarder; international

freight forwarder
413
general cargo terminal
93, 523
cargo manifest; cargo waybill; load

manifest
399
freight transport
671
road haulage; trailer truck
402
freight turnover
157,
700
consignor; shipper
508
land haulage
92
cargo load
151
consignee
387,
740
freight flow; stream of supply
435
HS
256
date of issue
256
date of issue
297
due date
650
receiving date
255
date of delivery
806
822
unladen transport; empty carriage
194,
customs applicant; declarant
213

259
226
customs immediate release

declaration
825
value declaration
250
danderous goods declaration
75
business process
313

()
exchange control declaration

(import)
701
shippers declaration
312

()
exchange control declaration (export)
262
Declaration on Global Electronic

Commerce
261
declarartion of origin
260
declaration on arrival or departure
703
ships manifest
421
goods declaration for home use
418
goods declaration
75
business process
188
currency
831
warehouse depositor
281
diversification of routes
280
discrimination in trade
42
average adjuster
416
good governance
214
172
contract
154
consignment agreement
521
loading contract
282
dock receipt
283
document
286
documentary evidence of origin
288
()
documentary (letter of) credit;

documentary credit
552,
554
multimodal transport document
617
port charges document
284
document against acceptance
525
long-term contract
440
house air waybill
6, 309
ADR
742
supplementary charges
311
()
examination of goods
217
Customs examination painting
437
haulage
436
haul
19
alongside delivery
292
door-to-door delivery
561
non-agricultural market access
290
Doha Round of WTO Negotiations;
215
Millennium Round
584
other charges, amount
585
other charges, collect
300
ebXML
Electronic Business XML initiative
309
European Agreement concerning the

Goods by Road
310
European Agreement on Main

International Railway Lines
347
flat-rate tariff
720
Single Window
719
single administrative document
811
unique consignment reference
347
flat-rate tariff
808
unified Customs code
761
(
)
TEN (Trans-European transport

Network)
644
rail consignment note
54
block train (railway service)
11
832
warehouse keeper
117
certified declaration of origin
350
foreign sales agent
583
order
216
633
principal
489
International Preliminary
Examination Report
147
compliant traders
637
purchase
516
lien
57
bonded cargo
735
stores
308
enquiry
658
request for quotation
826
value insured
555
named insured
259
declarant
27

()
application for goods control

certificate
25

()
application for certificate of origin
28

()
application for inspection certificate
29

()
application for phytosanitary

certificate
329
export licence application
26
application for exchange allocation
217

289
documentary credit application
657
request for delivery instructions
66
booking request
278
Destination Control Statement
83
calling forward notice
152
[]
/
consignee mark
332
Export Processing Zone
332
379
Free Trade Area of the Americas
218
Customs examination zone
332
441
identification of means of transport
101
carrier identification
571

()

delivery (transport)
570

()

delivery (goods)
648
ready for dispatch advice
270
()
delivery notice (goods)
30
()
arrival notice (goods)
10
advice of distribution of documents
218
275,
710
dispatch advice; shipping note
390
freight forwarders advice to import

agent
389
freight forwarders advice to exporter
457
ICT
443
importation
659
resident agent
335,
448
import licence
299
duty on import
451
import transaction
450
import regulation
446
import deposit
495
inventory of items
454
INCOTERMS
167
Container Security Initiative
722
Smart and Secure Trade Lanes

Initiative
306
Electronic Business XML initiative
136
collection order
137
collective paper
466
instructions as for payment for

charges
219

694
senders instructions
467
instructions for banking transfer
269
delivery instructions
529
manufacturing instructions
588
packing instructions
474
integrated carrier
480
intermodal transport
479
intermodal equipment
481
intermodality
457
- ()
information and communication

technology (ICT)
430
handling information
599
performance of the contract
254
data usability
503
July Package
82
()
cabotage (air)
673
rolling road
641
quotas
165
CFS
506
Kyoto Convention/ see Revised

Kyoto Convention
134
code lists
753
tariff classification
179
Core Components
178
COTIF
220
33
ATA carnet
183
() CPD
CPD Carnet
769
TIR Carnet
501
ISo Country Code
135
code of conduct
813
United Nations Code for Trade and

Transport Locations
641
quantitative restrictions/ quotas
780
traffic
138
combinating transit duty
669
road and rail ferry ramp
444
import commission company
383
freight commission
140
commercial code
142
commercial invoice
141
commercial convoy
145
compensation agreement
473
integrated border management
427
groupage
819
unitization
34
ATA Convention
209,
768
TIR Convention
221

176
Convention on Harmonized
System
175

, 1994 .
Convention on Customs Treatment of

Pool Containers, 1994
52
bill of lading (B/L)
552,
553
multimodal transport document,

multimodal transport bill of loading
127
claused bill of lading
120
charter party bill of lading
159
consolidation of goods
161
consular declaration
163
consular transaction
162
consular invoice
164
container
477
intermodal container
170
containerization
165
container freight station
171,
165
container freight station
169
container yard
166
( )
container manifest(unit packing list)
168
container terminal
615
pool container
222
725
smuggling; contraband
172
contract
174
contract responsibility
144
common carrier
605
piggy-back traffic
36

()
audit-based control
720
e o
single window
184
credit advice
78
buyers credit
184
credit advice
509
large capacity vessel
187
cubage
519
liquidation
514
license trade
676
royalties
515
(
)
licensing
513
license
524
logistics
765
; 3PL
third party logistics; 3PL
813
UN/LOCODE
628
preferential tax regime
528
manifest
530
marking
223

531
marks
675
route
72
bulk
749
[]
tare weight
76
BPIM
176
Convention on Harmonized
System
483
International Convention on the

Harmonization of Frontier Control of
Goods; Harmonization Convention
484
International Convention on
Simplification and Harmonization of
Customs Procedures
485
international Customs declaration

form TIF
490
International Rules for the

Interpretation of Trade Terms
(INCOTERMS)
388
freight forwarder; international

freight forwarder
486
international information exchange
487
International Maritime dangerous

Goods Code
491
International Ship and Port facility

Security Code
492
international trade certificate
510
less than container load; LCL
224
)
257
dead freight
69
border protection
608
place of issue
606
place of delivery
607
place of delivery by on-carrier
609
place of receipt by pre-carrier
611
/ ,
place/port of discharge
613
place/port of unlading
612
place/port of loading
818
UN/CEFACT Modelling
Methodolodgy(UMM)
534
methods of Customs valuation
535
(
)
minimum bill of lading
535
minimum bill of lading
487
IMDG Code
550
multilateral trade negotiations
539
modality
540
modalities for negotiations
76
Business Process and Information

Modelling
836
WCO Data Model
544
monitoring
225

692
sea waybill
97, 691
carriage by sea; sea shipping
714
shipping tariff
550
MTN
526
loose goods; bulk goods
507
land carriage
546
most-favoured-nation; MFN
545
most convenient route
102
carrier name
125
CIM consignment note
271
delivery order
724
SMGS consignment note
363
full bill of lading
73
bulk cargo
336
export-import tax
756
(
)
tax declaration (value added tax)
107
cash on delivery; C.O.D.
84
capacity-building
482
internal transport order
736
stores requisition
73, 526
bulk cargo; loose goods; bulk goods
226
453
in-bond cargo
557

(
)
Ntional Trade and Transport

Facilitation Committee; NTTFC
558
national treatment
562
non-automatic licensing
496
invisible trade
586
out of profile
563
non-commercial payment
823
unnecessary delays
566
non-negotiable sea way bill
565
non-negotiable FIATA multimodal

transport way bill
715
short shipped
456
indirect import
455
indirect export
569
non-vessel operating common carrier
567
non-tariff barriers
568
non-tariff measures
526
loose goods; bulk goods
273
demurrage
557
NTTFC
574
number of original bill of lading
572
notification
227

567
NTB
569
NVOCC
22
appeal
559
negotiable FIATA multimodal

transport bill of lading; FBL
428
handling
683
sample of commercial value
819
unitization
72, 829
bulk;volume
830
volume of freight traffic
15
aircraft general declaration
699
ships general declaration
414
Generalized System of Preferences
143
Common Business Language; CBL
56
bond
661
restriction
354
foreign trade restrictions
195
Customs approved route
439
homologation
249
(
)
dangerous goods(road transport)
762
terminal operator
771
tolling
274
description of goods
106
cash in advance; C.I.A.
228
107
cash on delivery; C.O.D.
109
cash with order; CWO
118
chargeable weight
287
document type definition; DTD
488
International Preliminary
Examination Authority; IPEA
696
shed operator
771
tolling
688
seal a container
580
ODP
582
optimization of costs of production
581
optimization of inventory costs
90
cargo handling organization
431
handling order
276
dispatch order
98
carriage order
532
master
332
727
special requirements related to border

measures
414
GSP
491
ISPFS
287
DTD
206
Customs clearance department
707
shippers letter of instruction
229

709
shipping marks
590
packing list
707
shipping instructions
580
open development process
693
sender
153
consignment
95
cargo reports
576,
642
offer; quotation
220
customs facilities
572

()
notification
319
export clearance
32
assessment of duties and taxes
665
risk assessment
632
prima facie
prima facie
364
frame contract
591
parallel import
343
ferry-liner shipment
153,
698
( )
consignment; shipment
428,
788
handling; transhipment
409
gateway
786
transferable letter of credit
711,
shipping operations; transportation;
230
803
conveyance; carriage
800
(
)
transport (road transport)
799
(
)
transport (railway transport)
805
trucking
804
transportation of goods
674
roll-on roll-off (Ro-Ro)
625
pre-carriage by
177
conveyance of passengers; carriage

of passengers
398
freight traffic
704
shipping capacities
781
traffic document; shipping

documentation
356
forwarder
100
(
)
carrier (road transport)
561
non-agricultural market access;

NAMA
788
transhipment
55
bogie exchange station; transfer

station
124
CIF re-sale contract
506,
662
Revised Kyoto Convention; RKC
231

603
pick list
236
Customs seal
407
FCL
512
letter of intent
512
letter of intent
460
inland navigation
690
seamless process
381
freight charge
85
()
capacity charge
597
598
payment order
596
payment agreement
770
to be paid by
687
seal
689
sealing
677
Rules for International Carriage of

Freight
656
repayment
67
border control
429
handling facilities
522
loading expenses
712
shipping order
422
goods details
636
proof of delivery
232
acknowledgment of order
713
shipping order confirmation
639
purchase order confirmation
149,
500
confirmed letter of credit; irrevocable

letter of credit
68
border procedures
67, 404
border control; frontier control
251
dangerous goods declaration
64
booking confirmation
407
full container load; FCL
86
capacity load; maximum load
acceptance of goods
186
cross-section of road
789
transshipment port
621
port of entry
622
port of loading
620
port of discharge
619
port marks
432
harbour dues
638
purchase order
746
surety bond
746
surety bond
672
road haulage agent
233
743
supply
267
Delivered Duty Unpaid
265
Delivered at Frontier
505
just-in-time delivery
266
Delivered Duty Paid
268
Delivered Ex Quay
505
741
supplier
556
naming and design rules; NDR
476
intellectual property rights
314
exit regulations
677
Rules for International Carriage of

Freight
678
Rules for International Railway

Carriage of dangerous Goods; RID
556

( XML)
naming and design rules (in XML);

NDR
679
rules of origin

( 24 )
24-hour Advance Manifest Rule; 24

AMR
20
amended rule
664

( )
right of appeal
623
pre-alert shipment declaration
234
630
prepaid freight
624
pre-arrival clearance
11
advance ruling
advance ruling
577
offer/quotation
106
cash in advance; C.I.A.
631
preshipment inspection
721
small and medium-sized enterprises
626
predictability
345
firms representative
634
production of goods to the Customs
627
preferential tariffs
405,
406
frontier trade; frontier traffic
751
tariff applied
564
non-discrimination
633
principal
812
unit load device
121
(
)
checking the goods declaration
369
Free and Open Source Software
235

99
carriage way
794
transparency
23
appeal procedure
449
import penetration
132
clearance of goods
408
gate pass
273
demurrage
222
Customs formalities clearance
295
drawback procedure
23
appeal procedure
23
appeal procedure
207
Customs clearance formalities
150
conformity assessment procedures
68
border procedures(border-crossing
procedures)
614
pool
621
port of entry
579
one-stop-shop
610
place of transhipment
675
route
759
Techniques and Methodology

Working Group
291
Doha Work Programme
236
643
radio frequency identification; RFID
695
separating release from clearance

procedures
348
foreign carrier permit
103
carrier permit
272
delivery release
319
export clearance
131
clearance document
601
permitted (permissible) subsidies
365,
680
Framework of Standards to Secure

and Facilitate Global Trade; SAFE
424

()
goods receipt (carriage)
423
goods receipt
533
mates receipt
597
520
loading charges
331
export price calculation
339,
838
XML
extensible Mark-up Language; XML
759
TMWG
618
post-clearance audit
65
booking reference
547,
most-favoured-nation principle; most
237

548
favoured national treatment
654
reimportation
436
haul
518
liner shipping
104
carriers repair
668
river waybill
258
()
decision
652
reexportation
547
most-favoured-nation principle
674
Ro-Ro
663
- ()

; RFID
684
sanitary certificate
685
sanitary and phytosanitary measures
604
pick up and delivery
158
consolidated shipment
119
charges
205

()
Customs clearance charges
342
fees nad formalities related to

importation and exportation
253
data elements
417
goods control certificate
111
certificate of analysis
653
regional appellation certificate
RFID
238
464
()
inspection report; inspection

certificate
375
freedom transit
370
free custom zone stock
368
free alongside ship
374
Free of capture and seizure; F.C. & S
371
Free In; F.I.
372
Free In and Out; F.I.O.
505
53
binding; bound
35

( )
attached to frontier trade
115
certificate of origin
111
certificate of analysis
114
certificate of manufacturing
113
[,
]
certificate of inspection
112
certificate of compliance
116
certification
718
Singapore issues
666
risk assessment and management

system
750
target zone arrangement
122
, ,
CIF, Cost, insurance and freight
239

767
through rate
766
through bill of landing
397
freight rebate
397
freight rebate
61
bonded store
833
warehouse receipt
360
forwarders warehouse receipt
834
warehouse warrant
735
stores
600

( )
perishable goods (road transport)
338
express delivery service
723
SMGS
537
mixed consignment
139,
551
combined transport; multimodal

transport
537
mixed consignment
536,
537
mixed cargo; mixed consignment
538
mixed credit
12,310
AGC
730
SITC
493
interoperability
433
harmonization
172
contract
757
TBT Agreement
240

378
free-trade agreement
594
partial scope agreement
13
Agreement on Pre-Shipment
Inspection
14
Agreement on Technical Barriers to

Trade
594
partial scope agreement
277
,

( )
dispatch note (post parcels)
817
UNTDID
726
special and differential treatment of

developing country obligations; SDT
WTO
528
manifest
541
mode of delivery
817
United Nations Trade Data

Interchange Directory
44
average release time
43
average clearance time
824
urgent consignment
824
urgent consignment
77
BPSS
527
lumpsum rate
396
freight rate
412
general cargo rates
241

502
Istanbul Convention
728
standard
305
Electronic Data Intercharge for

Transport
732
standardization
730
Standard International Trade

Classification
729
standard bill of lading
806
279
destination station
733
()
statistical document, import
731
()
statistical document, export
81
C&I
80
C&F
734
stock note
180
country of destination
181
country of origin of goods
91
cargo insurance
470
insured (the) insurant; policyholder
471
insurer
465,
469
insurance policy
468
insurance certificate
827
vessel
74
bulk carrier
242
( )
703
ships manifest
706
shipping company
708
shipping line
21
amount
108
cash on delivery amount
587
overland transport
77
Business Process Specification

Schema
635
pro-forma invoice
497
invoice
472
insurers invoice
391
freight forwarders invoice
816
UNTDED
498
invoicing data sheet
747
tally sheet
199
Custom border
213
Customs declaration
214
(
)
Customs declaration (post parcels)
56
bond
196
Customs area
126
classification
208

, 1972 .
Customs Convention on Containers,

1972
209
Customs Convention on the
243
International Transport of Goods

under Cover of TIR Carnets; TIR
Convention
246
Customs valuation
132,
204
clearance of goods; Customs

clearance
236
Customs seal
233
Customs policy
238
Customs system
247
Customs value
241
Customs territory
228
Customs invoice
346
fiscal transit duty
229,
237
Customs law; Customs statute
215
Customs delivery note
738
stradding Customs facilities
204
Customs clearance
227
Customs infringement of a law;

customs offence
212
Customs convoy
230
Customs office
242
Customs-Trade Partnership Against

Terrorism
231
Customs papers
244
210

(1954 1956 . )
Customs Conventions on Temporary

Importation of Commercial and
Private Road Vehicles (1954 and
1956)
220
Customs facilities
232
Customs payment
239,
298
Customs tariff; duty rate; duties and

taxes
447
import duties and taxes
221
Customs formalities
221,
234
Customs formalities; Customs

procedures
193
Customs and documentation

procedures
205,
219
Customs clearance charges; Customs

fee
221
Customs formalities
223
Customs formalities prior to the

lodgement of the goods declaration
197
Customs barrier
198
Customs bonded warehouse
200
Customs broker
211,
216
Customs control; Customs

examination/inspection
203
Customs check; Customs

examination
201
Customs carrier
245

234,
235
Customs procedures; Customs

regime; Customs regulation
63, 248
bonded warehouse; Customs

warehouse
61
bonded store
245
Customs union
240
Customs terminal
243
Customs transit
244
Customs transit document
192
Customs
225
( )
Customs house
754
tariff distance
755
tariff quota
752
tariff barriers
411
- (
)
general cargo
527
lumpsum rate
682
safety
758
technical barriers to trade TBT
760
technical rules
542
model law on electronic commerce
807
types of packages
780
traffic
705
246
781
traffic document
133
CMR Consignment Note
660
restricted articles
58
bonded goods
333
export trading company
94
cargo receipt
774
trade agreement
777
Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual

Property Rights
774,
779
trade agreement; trade treaties
778
trade procedures
775
trade controls
105
[]

cash against document; CAD
504
()
just in time; JIT
504
just in time; JIT
784
(
)
transaction costs
790
transit
787
transit trade
791
trade bond-note
793
transit traffic
247

792
transit duties
437
798
transport information
797
transport details
802
transport-unit
706
shipping company
70,156,
363,835
bordereau; consignment note; way

bill
796
transport chain
359
forwarding document; forwarding

instructions
382
,

, ,
freight charges and costs payable to

berth, dock, shed, warehouse
795
transport axes
400
freight services
381
freight charge
801
()
transport services
361
forwarding agent
782
traffic flow
358
forwarders certificate of transport
296
drawee
252
Dangerous Goods Requirement
764
third party
777
TRIPS
242
Customs-Trade Partnership Against

Terrorism; C-TPAT
248
773,
783
tractor, trailer
260
declaration on arrival or departure
155
consignment document dispatch

notice
263
deductions
37
authentication
809
UBAC
478
International Container Transfer

Facility
707
shipping instructions; shippers letter

instruction; consignment instructions
820

- UBL
universal business language UBL
821
()

universal (multipurpose) transport

document
809
unified business agreements and

contracts
810

UML
unified modeling language; UML
649
reasonable charges
589
package
590
packing list
38
authorized economic operator
285
document management
494
inventory control
745

()
supply chain management
249

667
risk management
739
, ,
( )
streamline
776
trade facilitation
717

()
simplified and preferential clearance
578
omission
315
expedited procedures for express

shipment
763
terms of delivery
148
conditions of warehousing
747
tally sheet
747
tally sheet
499
invoice price
344

( )
financial integrity
602
phytosanitary certificate
686
Schedule B
355
formalities to be completed
815
- (
);
United Nations Layout Key for Trade

Documents (UNLK)
373
Free in bankers; free into barge;

F.I.B.
376
free on board; FOB or f.o.b.
377
free on rail/ free on truck; (FORFOT)
250
366
franco domicile
340
Ex Works; EXW
341
FCA ( + the named point of

departure); free carrier
367
franco station of destination
17
affreightment/ freightment
384
freight company
88, 385
cargo declaration; freight declaration
380
freight bill
394
(
)
freight manifest
393
freight invoice
395
freight payable at destination
578
omission
60
bonded storage
785
transaction value
123
CIF price
110,
202
C.C.E.F.; Customs Centralized

Examination Facility
744
supply chain
120
charter party bill of lading
592
part load
593
part load consignment
595
particular average
575
number of packages
129
clean draft
251

129
clean draft
128
clean bill of lading
645
railway gauge
772
track gauge
185
crew member
737
stowage
273
demurrage
47
barcode (bar code)
303
EDIFACT
425
Greener and safer goods road

vehicles
356,361,
388
forwarder, forwarding agent, freight

forwarder, international freight
forwarder
357
forwarders certificate of receipt
362
forwarding instructions
392
()
freight forwarding
330
export of goods
333,700
export trading company; shipper
326
export guarantee
419,
321
goods declaration for exportation ;

export declaration
328,
335
export license; export licence
334
export transaction
322
export duties and taxes
252
317
export agent
320
export control
325
export financing credit
327
export leasing
323
export factoring
337
express carrier
302
electronic commerce
324
export financing
301
electronic business e-business
301
electronic business e-business
304
Electronic Data Interchange
307
Electronic PostMark
304
EDI
307
EPM
253
In case you have comments on the translation or definitions

of the terms, you are encouraged to send them to us, thus
contributing to the improvement of the next editions of this
glossary. You can send comments using the following means:
1. by e-mail to: TFGlossary@unece.org
2. by usual mail to the following address:
Mario Apostolov
Regional Adviser, UNECE Trade
Palais des Nations, Room 437
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
You can find an electronic version of this Glossary at :
http://www.unece.org/trade/UNDev-account-project/welcome.htm

, ,

.
:
1. :
TFGlossary@unece.org
2. :
Mario Apostolov
Regional Adviser, UNECE Trade
Palais des Nations, Room 437
CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
:
http://www.unece.org/trade/UNDev-account-project/welcome.htm
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UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE

in cooperation with the

Trade Facilitation Terms:

UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS

United Nations Document A/56/326, Annex.

a step-by-step process, and every project, small or large, including the

United Nations Document A/56/326, Annex.

Message to the users of this Glossary from Yevgeni M.

UNECE and the UN terminologists have adopted the term

(http://magazines.russ.ru/vestnik/2002/6/arh.html) or by the Customs agencies of the

which, if implemented, provides a broad framework for Integrated Border

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

24-hour Advance Manifest Rule;

advance against document

Advance Cargo Information System;

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

effective logistics management of a

advice of distribution of documents 

advance submission of information

Agreement on Technical Barriers to

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

aircraft general declaration 

air waybill (AWB) 

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

Appellate Body WTO

application for certificate of origin 

application for exchange allocation 

application for goods control

application for inspection certificate

application for phytosanitary

arrival notice (of goods)

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

consignee in writing, by telephone or

ASYCUDA, Automated System for

assessment of duties and taxes

attached to frontier trade (Cus)

audit-based control (Cus)

authorized onomic operator

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

Automated System for Customs Data

average clearance time (Cus)

average release time (Cus)

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

bank for foreign trade

barcode (bar code)

Basic Semantic Register; BSR 

Basic Semantic Unit; BSU 

bill of lading (B/L) 

block train (railway service)

bogie exchange station; transfer

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

bonded transport regime

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

border procedures (border-crossing

budgetary efficiency of import

Business Process and Information

Business Process Specification

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

importing country to pay for the

calling forward notice 

TRADE FACILITATION TERMS

can efficiently meet its mission and

capacity load; maximum load

advice of distribution of documents

aircraft general declaration

air waybill (AWB)

application for certificate of origin

application for exchange allocation

Basic Semantic Register; BSR

Basic Semantic Unit; BSU

bill of lading (B/L)

calling forward notice

carriage order (local transport)

111. certificate of analysis

112. certificate of compliance

113. certificate of inspection

114. certificate of manufacture

115. certificate of origin

120. charter party bill of lading

125. CIM consignment note

127. claused bill of lading

128. clean bill of lading

129. clean draft

130. clearance certificate

131. clearance document

133. CMR Consignment Note

136. collection order

137. collective paper

142. commercial invoice

149. confirmed letter of credit

154. consignment agreement

156. consignment note

161. consular declaration

162. consular invoice