STD in Cattle &amp Buffalo - GM

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE IN CATTLE & BUFFALO
Dr. D.D. Parkale

Dy. Commissioner of A.H. (Planning & Budget), Commissionerate of A.H., Pune-1.
ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN
STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO INFECTIOUS DISEASES TRANSMITTED DURING

COITUS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION EMBRYO TRANSFER

BRUCELLOSIS, CORYNAEBACTERIUM, VIBRIO, LISTERIA, FMD, SURVIVE IN FROZEN SEMEN (1954) STD s MAY CAUSE INFERTILITY STERILITY LOSS OF PREGNANCY SYSTEMIC SPREAD
LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY
MILK MEAT CALF
CALVES MILK REPLACEMENT
STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY

INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC GERMPLASM
CROSS BREEDING
INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION


SOURCE OF ORGANISMS IN SEMEN
EXTRINSIC
INTRINSIC
FAECAL CONTAMINATION
E.coll, Entero viruses etc.
SYSTEMIC LOCAL

NEAT SEMEN
CRYO PRESERVATION
CHILLED SEMEN
FROZEN SEMEN
INCREASES THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SPREAD OF ORGANISMS


PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS THAT ARE SEMEN BORNE
BACTERIA
: BRUCELLOSIS, CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS, LEPTOSPIROSIS
VIRUSES
: BHV-1, BTV, BVDV, FMD, TSE
PARASITIC
:TRICHOMONIASIS

SCREENING OF BULLS
TUBERCULOSIS, PARATUBERCULOSIS, BRUCELLOSIS, CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS, TRICHOMONIASIS, IBR


RESTRICTED TO GENITAL TRACT
TRICHOMONIASIS CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

GENERALISED INFECTIONS
BRUCELLOSIS LEPTOSPIROSIS FMD IBR / MD BVD / MD

DISEASE CAUSED BY UBIQUITOUS ORGANISMS
PSUEDOMONAS CORYNAEBACTERIUM ESCHERICHIA COLI STAPHYLOCOCCI STREPTOCOCCI YEAST & MOULDS FUNGI

BRUCELLOSIS
BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN CATTLE & BUFFALO SHEEP, PIG, WILD ANIMALS, HUMANS ABORTION IN , STERLITY IN
MOST COUNTRIES POSITIVE

1986 RECORDED IN 120 / 175 COUNTRIES ZOONOTIC COMMON IN INDIA

BRUCELLOSIS
INTER HERD - TRANSMISSION
AI WITH POSITIVE SEMEN CONGENITAL PROXIMITY TO INFECTED HERD CALVES OF POSITIVE MOTHERS MILK CONSUMPTION INDUCTION OF NEW ANIMALS WILD ANIMALS, RATS

BRUCELLOSIS
INTRA HERD - TRANSMISSION
HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL ABORTED MATERIAL AI
RATS, DOGS, FLIES, TICKS

INFECTED UDDER (CALF & HUMANS)
BRUCELLOSIS
BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IS A DISEASE OF CATTLE AND BUFFALO CAUSED BY GENUS BRUCELLA CHARACTERIZED BY ABORTION IN LATE PREGNANCY AND SUBSEQUENT INFERTILITY IN FEMALE AND VARYING DEGREES OF STERILITY IN MALE IT IS A ZOONOTIC DISEASE CAUSING UNDULANT FEVER IN HUMAN BEINGS LEADING TO PARTIAL STERILITY
BRUCELLOSIS
AFFECTED BULL
AFFECTED COW
AFFECTED ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP
BULL
BRUCELLOSIS
DIAGNOSIS ISOLATION OF BRUCELLA ORGANISM SEROLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS
BRUCELLOSIS
SEROLOGY ROSE BENGAL PLATE TEST STANDARD TUBE AGGLUTINATION TEST MERCAPTOETHANOL TEST COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST MILK RING TEST ELISA-(DIRECT AND INDIRECT)
BRUCELLOSIS
O.I.E. APPROVED TESTS ROSE BENGAL PLATE TEST COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST INDIRECT ELISA
ROSE BENGAL PLATE TEST (RBPT)

SIMPLE EASY TO PERFORM RAPID SCREENING TEST NO EQUIPMENTS NEEDED
COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST (CFT)
HIGHLY SENSITIVE LABORIUS NEEDS EXPERTISE AVAILABLE AT FEW CENTRES ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP
ENZYME LINKED AMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA)

LARGE SCALE SCREENING EXPERTISE REQUIRED HIGHLY SENSITIVE REAGENTS COSTLY REQUIRES COSTLY ANIMAL EQUIPMENT BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS - PCR
GEL SHOWING POSITIVE SAMPLES FOR BRUCELLOSIS PCR LANES 1-4: SAMPLES LANE 5: BR. MELITENSIS LANE 6: BR. ABORTUS ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP LANE 7: MARKER

BRUCELLOSIS
DIAGNOSIS
SEROLOGICAL STAT, RBPT, MRT, ELISA, SEMINAL PLASMA AT, CFT ISOLATION (DIFFICULT) PCR

BRUCELLOSIS
PREDILICTION
UTERUS, UDDER, LYMPH GLANDS, JOINTS, BURSAE NON-PREGNANT MAINLY UDDER & JOINTS

BRUCELLOSIS
CONTROL & ERADICATION
TEST & REMOVAL OF +VE QUARANTINE - 120 DAYS DEPOPULATION VACCINATION, Str-19, 45/20 A CALFHOOD ADULT HYGIENIC MEASURES
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IS A VENERAL DISEASE OF CATTLE WITH EARLY ABORTIONS AND INFERTILITY PROBLEMS CAUSED BY
C. FETUS SS FETUS C. FETUS SS VENERALIS GRAM, NEGATIVE, FILTERABLE, NON MOTILE, NON SPOREFORMING, PLEOMORPHIC, AEROBIC ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE ORGANISM / MICROAEROPHILIC BARELI, UP

CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
CAMPYLOBACTER FAETUS DELAYED OESTRUS LOW ABORTION RATES {5 20 %)
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
CLINICAL SIGNS BULLS: NO CLINICAL SIGNS COWS: EARLY ABORTIONS IN PREGNANCY IF NO ABORTION REPEAT BREEDING CAUSE INFLAMATION OF VAGINA, CERVIX, UTERUS AND FALLOPIAN TUBES WHICH PREVENTS SUCCESSFUL IMPLANTATION OF THE EMBRYO AND LEADS TO EARLY ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP ABORTIONS
CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
DIAGNOSIS ONLY BY HISTORY OF ABORTION IN INSEMINATED ANIMALS BULLS- NO CLINICAL SIGNS, ONLY BY PERIODIC TESTING CULTURING ON SPECIFIC MEDIA i.e. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AGENT
COLLECTION OF PREPUCIAL WASHINGS
STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO FLOW CHART FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER BY CULTURE FROM SEMEN AND PREPUCIAL WASHING
SPECIMEN (SEMEN AND PREPUCIAL WASHING) INOCULATED ON TO CAMPYLOBACTER ENRICHMENT MEDIUM PLATES ARE INCUBATED IN ANAEROBIC CHAMBER WITH 10% CARBON DIOXIDE AND 90% NITROGEN FOR 3-5 DAYS
COLONIES ARE SLIGHTLY PINK, ROUND, SMOOTH AND SHINY
GRAMS STAINING
MOTILITY
OXIDASE TEST
CATALASE TEST
H2S PRODUCTION
MOTILE GRAM NEGATIVE (POLAR LONG COMMA AMPHITRICHOSIS SHAPED TYPE)
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO IDENTIFICATION AND SUBSPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF C. FETUS BY PCR
LANE 1, 100bp LADDER LANE 2, C. FETUS SUBSPECIES VENERALIS (900 AND 142 bp FRAGMENTS) LANE 3, C. FETUS SUB SPECIES FETUS (900bp FRAGMENT)

BOVINE GENITAL CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS MANAGEMENT
Screening Test Details Name Sample Testing at Eligible Animals Prevention Frequency of Testing Positive Herd Negative Herd Action on finding a positive bull Quaratine Animal Semen Duration of Quarantine Test Schedule Bacterial isolation & Identification Preputial washing , semen RDDL All male animals Annual sheath lavage 30 days after culling of positive animal Exactly 1 year ( + 1 week) after last whole herd testing Treat the animals Destroy semen doses since last negative test. Minimum 30 days
One test, if age is less than 6 months, else 3 consequtive ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE tests at UP BARELI, weekly intervals.
TRICHOMONIASIS
BOVINE TRICHOMONIASIS IS A VENERAL DISEASE OF CATTLE CAUSED BY A PROTOZOAN PARASITE T. fetus ORGANISM COLONIES IN FOLDS OF THE PENIS, INTERNAL SHEATHS IN BULLS, IN VAGINA, CERVIX, UTERUS AND OVI DUCTS IN COWS NO CLINICAL SIGNS IN AFFECTED BULL IN COWS ABORTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY, INFERTILITY PROBLEMS AND ANIMAL BECOMES CARRIER

TRICHOMONIASIS
TRANSMITTED DURING COITUS / AI TRICHOMONAS FAETUS LOW INCIDENCE IN INDIA INFERTILITY, ABORTION (2 - 4 MONTHS) MACERATION OF FAETUS, PYOMETRA DIAGNOSIS MICROSCOPE, CULTURE UTERINE DISCHARGE PLACENTA PREPUCIAL WASHING
TRICHOMONIASIS
TENTATIVE DIAGNOSIS BASED ON HERD HISTORY COMMON SIGNS IN AFFECTED HERD: REPEAT BREEDING EXTENDED CALVING SEASON EARLY ABORTIONS PYOMETRA ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP
TRICHOMONIASIS
CLINICAL SPECIMENS: PREPUCIAL WASH NEAT SEMEN
TRICHOMONIASIS
CONFIRMATORY DIAGNOSIS: DIRECT MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION SEMEN CULTURING
STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO FLOW CHART FOR IDENTIFICATION OF TRICHOMONAS FROM PREPUCIAL WASHING BY CULTURE
SPECIMEN (PREPUCIAL WASHING) INOCULATED INTO THE MEDIA AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER COLLECTION (TRICHOMONAS AGAR BASE WITH SELECTIVE SUPPLEMENT)
INCUBATED AT 370C SAMPLES EXAMINED AT DAILY INTERVALS MICROSCOPICALLY FROM (DAY 1 TO DAY 10 AFTER INOCULATION)
TRICHOMONAS FOETUS IS PYRIFORM WITH THREE ANTERIOR AND ONE POSTERIOR FLAGELLAE AND AN UNDULATING MEMBRANE THAT EXTENDS NEARLY TO THE POSTERIOR END OF THE CELL LIVING ORGANISMS MOVE WITH A JERKY ROLLING MOTION AND ARE BEST DETECTED BY PHASE CONTRAST DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY
BOVINE TRICHOMONIASIS MANAGEMENT STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

Screening Test Details Name Sample Testing at
Agent isolation & identification Preputial Washing RDDL
Eligible Animals
Prevention Frequency of Testing Action on finding a positive bull Quaratine Animal Semen Duration of Quarantine
All male animals

Annual sheath lavage Annual Treat the animals Destroy the collections since last negative test Minimum 30 days
Test schedule
One test, if age is less than 6 months, else, 3 consecutive tests at weekly intervals
Additional Testing at sexual Maturity
Protozoa isolation before bulls are used for semen collection ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

IBR / IPV
HERPES VIRUS HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS SECRETED & SURVIVES IN SEMEN CARRIERS SEMEN POSITIVE EUROPE, USA, NZ, AUSTRALIA
INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR)

SYNONYMS: Necrotic Rhinitis, Red nose, Coital exanthema, Bovine Herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an economically important emerging viral disease of domestic animals (exotic and crossbred and wild cattle) The disease can be present in diverse clinical manifestations associated with respiratory, genital ocular, enteric, neonatal and dermal signs. The economic losses are due to drop in milk production draught power and indirectly due to decrease in reproductive efficiency The causative agent of the disease is Bovine Herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

CLINICAL SIGNS:
Pyrexia, increased respiratory rate, inappetance, persistent harsh cough, reduced milk yield and abortions. After an incubation period of 2-4 days there is development of fever, keratoconjunctivitis and lachrymation, nasal discharge becomes mucopurulent later. Genital tract can also get infected resulting in development of erythematous and pustular lesions on penile and prepucial mucous membrane (Infectious Pustular Balonoposthitis, IPB) or on vagina and vulva (Infectious Pustular Vulvo Vaginitis, IPV) painful micturition and swashing of tail are typical clinical manifestations Secondary bacterial infection of the lesions is usually seen and leads to complication. Loss of new born calves and temporary reduction in body conditionCENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP ANIMAL BREEDING and milk yield.

DIAGNOSIS: ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION SEROLOGY SNT, ELISA DETECTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS (PCR)

CLINICAL SPECIMEN SWABS SERUM SEMEN
INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO MANAGEMENT

Screening Test Details Name Sample Testing at
ELISA Serum RDDL All animals
Eligible Animals
Frequency of testing Positive Herd
Whole herd test, after 30 to 60 days after culling of positive animals. Six monthly, after the herd becomes negative. Exactly 1 year( + 1 week) after last whole herd testing Where the disease has been maintaining a low profile(less than 5% positive), quarterly or 6 monthly sample could be collected to minimize losses
Negative Herd
Action on finding a positive Bull
Cull Whole herd tested negative on two consecutive occasions at an interval of 2 to 12 months
IBR free herd (OIE) Quarantine Duration of quarantine Testing Additional testing at sexual
Minimum 30 days Two tests. Serum ELISA at an interval of 21 days
Serum ELISA before the distribution of semen ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

IBR / IPV
IMMUNOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES IN IBR / IPV VIRUS STRAINS
DIAGNOSIS
ELISA, PHA, VN
VACCINES
LIVE ABORTOGENIC INACTIVATED LESS PROTECTION
AVOID ENTRY OF POSITIVE ANIMALS

FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE
ECONOMICAL LOSS & TRADE RESTRICTION
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS, CLOVEN FOOT ANIMALS A, O, C, ASIA1 & SAT 1, 2, 3 TYPES
85 SUBTYPES MUTATIONS
SPECIES SPECIFIC PATHOGENIC STRAINS ZOONOTIC NASAL INFECTION 28 HOURS
PRESENT IN SEMEN BEFORE SYMPTOMS

PHARYNGEAL CARRIERS - YEARS

DIAGNOSIS
TISSUE CULTURE
CFT, ELISA, PCR, PROBES

VIA DIFFERS FROM VACCINE

TRANSMITTED BY
CARRIERS FOMITES SEMEN EMBRYO FREE
CONTROL
VACCINATION DISINFECTION SLAUGHTER QC OF SEMEN

BVD / MD
SAME VIRUS
BVD HIGH MORB, LOW MORT MD LOW MORB, HIGH MORT TRANSMITTED BY SEMEN EMBRYO IF CONTAMINATED MEDIA CONGENITAL INFECTION SECRETERS PERSISTANT

BLUE TONGUE
VIRAL DISEASE OF SHEEP, RARELY IN CATTLE CULICOIDES MIDGES BETWEEN 40 N 35 S LATITUDE SEVERAL STRAINS SEMEN POSITIVE IN CATTLE VN, ELISA, AGID SHEEP INOCULATION, ISOLATION IN TC

UBIQUITOUS ORGANISMS
PRESENT IN ENVIRONMENT
PSEUDOMONAS SP
STERPTOCOCCUS SP
STAPHYLOCOCCUS SP
ESCHERICHIA COLI
MOULDS, YEASTS, FUNGI

UBIQUITOUS ORGANISMS
HYGIENE SHEDS, JUMPING STATION CLEAN BULLS, AV, LINERS, GLOVES LAB HYGIENE CHEMICALS YOLK, BUFFER, GLYECROL
Veterinary Medicine By Radostits et. al. (1994)

Disease Clinical features Epidemiology Abortion rate Time of abortion Field examination Placenta Fetus Isolation of agent Abortion High, up to 90 % in susceptible herds 6 months + Necrosis of cotyledons, Leathery, opaque placenta with edema May be Pneumonia Culture of fetal stomach, placenta, uterine fluid, milk and semen
Brucellosis
Laboratory diagnosis
Serum and blood agglutination test, milk ring test, Serology whole milk plate agglutination test, semen plasma and vaginal mucous agglutination test

Disease Clinical features Epidemiology Abortion rate Time of abortion Field examination Placenta Fetus Isolation of agent
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas fetus)

Infertility, return to heat at 4-5 months, abortion and pyometra Moderate, 5 30 % 2-4 months Flocculent material and clear, serious fluid in uterine exudate Fetal maceration and pyometra common Hanging drop or culture examination of fetal stomach and uterine exudate within 24 hours of abortion Cervical mucous agglutination
Serology

Disease Clinical features Epidemiology Abortion rate
Vibriosis (Campylobacter fetus)

Infertility, irregular, moderately prolonged diestrus Low, up to 5 %, may be up to 20 %
Time of abortion
Field examination Placenta Fetus
5-6 months
Semi-opaque, little thickening, Petechiae, localized avascularity and edema Flakes of pus on visceral peritoneum
Isolation of agent
Culture of fetal stomach, placenta, uterine exudate
Blood agglutination after abortion (at 3 weeks). Serology Cervical mucous agglutination test at 40 days after infected service.

Leptospirosis (L. pomona and L. hardjo)

Abortion may occur at acute febrile stage, late or unassociated with illness 25 30 %
Time of abortion
Field examination Placenta
Late, 6 months +
Avascular placenta, yellow brown cotyledons, brown gelatinous edema between allantois and amnion
Fetus
Laboratory diagnosis Isolation of agent
Fetal death common

Isolation from pleural fluid, kidney and liver of fetus, Direct examination of urine of cow is best
+ ve serum agglutination test 14 21 days after Serology febrile illness


Disease Clinical features Epidemiology Abortion rate Time of abortion Field examination Laboratory diagnosis Placenta Fetus Isolation of agent Serology
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Uneventful 25 30 % Late, 6 months No significant gross lesions Autolyzed, Foci of hepatic necrosis Culture of placenta and fetus, Fluorescent antibody to frozen tissue section of fetal kidney Acute and convalescent sera

Disease
Mycoses (Aspergillus, Absidia)

Unknown, 6 7 % of all abortions encountered 3 7 months Necrosis of maternal cotyledons, adherence of necrotic material to chorionic cotyledon causes soft, yellow, cushion like structure. Small yellow, raised, leathery lesions on cotyledons May be small raised, gray - buff, soft lesions, or diffuse white areas on skin, Resemble ringworm
Clinical features
Epidemiology Abortion rate Time of abortion
Placenta Field examination
Fetus
Direct examination of cotyledon and fetal Isolation of agent stomach for hyphae, suitable cultural examination Serology ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

Listeriosis (Listeria monocytognes)

May be associated with septicemia. (Cows which abort may die of septicemia near term) Low
Time of abortion
Field examination Placenta Fetus Isolation of agent
About 7 months
Autolysis, Foci of necrosis in liver and other organs Organisms in fetal stomach, placenta and uterine fluid
Agglutination titers higher than 1:400 in contact Serology animals classed as positive

Disease
Epizootic viral abortion (Borrelia like spirochete)

Mainly winter, Herd immunity develops
High 30 40 % 6 8 months Negative Subcutis edema, ascites, esophageal and tracheal petechiae, degenerative lesions in liver Spirochete isolated (28) No accurate test
Clinical features
Epidemiology Abortion rate Time of abortion Field examination Placenta Fetus Isolation of agent Serology
LIST OF TESTS FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE (as per O.I.E.)
DISEASE
PRESCRIBED DIAGNOSTIC TEST
ALTERNATIVE TEST
TUBERCULOSIS
JOHNES DISEASE BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) TRICHOMONIASIS
TUBERCULIN TEST
RBPT, CFT, ELISA AGENT IDENTIFICATION VN, ELISA, AGENT IDENTIFICATION (SEMEN ONLY) AGENT IDENTIFICATION
JOHNIN TEST AGENT IDENTIFICATION -

PRODUCTION & PROCESSING OF SEMEN
OIE RECOMMENDATIONS (Article 3.2.1 TAHC)
CLAUSE 3.2.1.1
i.
ANIMALS HEALTHY, PERMITTING INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF SEMEN, NEGLIBLE RISK TO ANIMALS & HUMANS
HYGIENIC COLLECTION, PROCESSING & STORAGE OF SEMEN
ii.

CLAUSE 3.2.1.2
ACCOMODATION SPECIES SPECIFIC WITH ISOLATION SHED ii. SEPARATE SEMEN PROCESSING LAB iii. CENTRE APPROVED BY VET. ADMINISTRATION iv. MANAGED BY VET. OFFICER v. DONORS ISOLATED FROM OTHER ANIMALS & WILD ANIMALS vi. MINIMUM VISITORS AUTHORIZED ENTRY vii. DEDICATED EQUIPMENT viii. NO VEHICLE ENTRY ix. COLLECTION AREA CLEANED DAILY i.

TESTING OF BULLS
A. PREQUARANTINE
NEGATIVE FOR BRUCELLOSIS, TB, BVD / MD, IBR / IPV, BT BRUCELLOSIS - NEGATIVE SEROLOGICALLY BVD / MD - NEGATIVE VIRAEMIA CAMPYLOBACTER TRICHOMONAS NEGATIVE MICROSCOPICALLY & CULTURALLY SINGLE TEST IF KEPT AWAY FROM THREE TEST IF KEPT WITH IBR / IPV NEGATIVE SEROLOGICALLY
B.
QUARANTINE


TESTING OF BULLS C. D. TESTING OF SEMEN

BVD / MD FREE OF VIRUS - IN SEROPOSITIVE ANIMAL ALL BULLS ANNUALLY WITH NEGATIVE RESULTS BRUCELLOSIS TUBERCULOSIS PARATUBERCULOSIS BVD / MD TRICHOMONIASIS CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS
TESTING OF RESIDENT BULLS

PRODUCTION & PROCESSING OF EMBRYO
OIE RECOMMENDATIONS (Article 3.2.1)
1)
DONOR ANIMALS
FROM DISEASE FREE HERDS FREE FROM CLINICAL DISEASE IN FREE ZONE FOR 30 DAYS
2)
SEMEN DONORS
SEMEN PRODUCED AS ARTICLE 3.1.1 NEGATIVE FROM STD

ONLY FROM NEGATIVE ANIMALS
WASH EMBRYOS 10 TIME - 100 FOLD DILUTION

INACTIVATE VIRAL AGENTS BY TRYPSIN
INTACT ZONA PELLUCIDA IN 50 X

STORAGE OF EMBRYOS 1) 2) USE STERILE MEDIA MAINTAIN STERILITY
3)
4) 5)
USE STERILE EQUIPMENT

STORE IN SEALED, STERILE VIALS / STRAWS EXPORT AGAINST VET. CERTIFICATE
ARE WE GOING TO GET FREE FROM STDs ?
POINTS TO BE ADDRESSED
CONTROL OF MOVEMENT TO THE FARMS (BOTH HUMAN / ANIMAL) STRICT QUARANTINE AND TESTING OF FRESH STOCK (BOTH IMPORT / INDIGENIOUS) COMPOSITE FARMS (OTHER SPECIES) PERSONNEL INVOLVED (VETS, PARAVETS, SUPPORTING STAFF) LOCATION TRANSFER POLICY
WE WANT TO BE FREE OF THESE MELADIES

STD in Cattle &amp Buffalo - GM

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STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

Dr. D.D. Parkale

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO INFECTIOUS DISEASES TRANSMITTED DURING

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

MILK MEAT CALF

CALVES MILK REPLACEMENT

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY

INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

INCREASES THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SPREAD OF ORGANISMS

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

: BRUCELLOSIS, CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS, LEPTOSPIROSIS

: BHV-1, BTV, BVDV, FMD, TSE

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

TUBERCULOSIS, PARATUBERCULOSIS, BRUCELLOSIS, CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS, TRICHOMONIASIS, IBR

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

MOST COUNTRIES POSITIVE

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

RATS, DOGS, FLIES, TICKS

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

AFFECTED ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ROSE BENGAL PLATE TEST (RBPT)

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST (CFT)

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ENZYME LINKED AMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA)

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO

ANIMAL BREEDING CENTRE, SALON, RAE BARELI, UP

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN

STD IN CATTLE & BUFFALO