Giao thc SIP trong VoIP

Trc y khi cp n VoIP, tiu chun quc t thng c cp n l H.323. Giao thc H.323 l chun do ITU-T pht trin cho php truyn thng a phng tin qua cc h thng da trn mng chuyn mch gi, tp giao thc H.323 bao gm rt nhiu giao thc con bn trong n nh H.245, H.225, Q.931...hot ng da trn H.323 l rt cht ch v phc tp. Nhng nhng nm tr li y th giao thc SIP li chim u th v dn dn thay th hn H.323, v VoIP l mt trong nhng dch v s rt pht trin trong tng lai. I-Tng quan v SIP 1) SIP l g: SIP (Session Initiation Protcol ) l giao thc bo hiu iu khin lp ng dng c dng thit lp, duy tr, kt thc cc phin truyn thng a phng tin (multimedia). Cc phin multimedia bao gm thoi Internet, hi ngh, v cc ng dng tng t c lin quan n cc phng tin truyn t (media) nh m thanh, hnh nh, v d liu. SIP s dng cc bn tin mi (INVITE) thit lp cc phin v mang cc thng tin m t phin truyn dn. SIP h tr cc phin n b (unicast) v qung b (multicast) tng ng cc cuc gi im ti im v cuc gi a im. SIP c s dng kt hp vi cc chun giao thc IETF khc nh l SAP, SDP v MGCP (MEGACO) cung cp mt lnh vc rng hn cho cc dch v VoIP. N bao gm cc yu cu c gi n t ngi s dng SIP client n SIP server. Server x l cc yu cu v p ng n client. Mt thng ip yu cu, cng vi cc thng ip p ng to nn s thc thi SIP. 2) Cc thnh phn trong mng SIP: SIP gm 2 thnh phn ln l SIP client (l thit b h tr giao thc SIP nh SIP phone), v SIP server (l thit b trong mng x l cc bn tin SIP). Trong SIP server c cc thnh phn quan trng nh: Proxy server, Redirect server, Location server, Registrar server...

+ Proxy Server: l thc th trong mng SIP lm nhim v chuyn tip cc SIP request ti thc th khc trong mng. Nh vy, chc nng chnh ca n trong mng l nh tuyn cho cc bn tin n ch. Proxy server cng cung cp cc chc nng xc thc trc khi cho khai thc dch v. Mt proxy c th lu

(stateful) hoc khng lu trng thi (stateless) ca bn tin trc . Thng thng, proxy c lu trng thi, chng duy tr trng thi trong sut transaction (khong 32 giy). + Redirect Server: tr v bn tin lp 300 thng bo thit b l chuyn hng bn tin ti a ch khc t lin lc thng qua a ch tr v. + Registrar server: l server nhn bn tin SIP REGISTER yu cu v cp nht thng tin t bn tin request vo location database nm trong Location Server + Location Server: lu thng tin trng thi hin ti ca ngi dng trong mng SIP

II-Cc bn tin SIP, mo u v nh s Di y l cc bn tin ca SIP : INVITE : bt u thit lp cuc gi bng cch gi bn tin mi u cui khc tham gia ACK : bn tin ny khng nh my trm nhn c bn tin tr li bn tin INVITE BYE : bt u kt thc cuc gi CANCEL : hy yu cu nm trong hng i REGISTER : u cui SIP s dng bn tin ny ng k vi my ch ng k OPTION : s dng xc nh nng lc ca my ch INFO : s dng ti cc thng tin nh m bo DTMF Giao thc SIP c nhiu im trng hp vi giao thc HTTP. Cc bn tin tr li cc bn tin SIP nu trn gm c : 1xx cc bn tin chung 2xx thnh cng 3xx - chuyn a ch 4xx yu cu khng c p ng

5xx - s c ca my ch 6xx - s c ton mng Cc bn tin SIP c khun dng text, tng t nh HTTP. Mo u ca bn tin SIP cng tng t nh HTTP v SIP cng h tr MIME (mt s chun v email) III-Thit lp v hy cuc gi SIP Trc tin ta tm hiu hot ng ca my ch y quyn v my ch chuyn i + Hot ng ca my ch y quyn (Proxy Server)

Hot ng ca Proxy server c trnh by nh trong hnh .Client SIP userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho userB@hotmail.com mi tham gia cuc gi. Cc bc nh sau: + Bc 1: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin INVITE cho UserB min hotmail.com, bn tin ny n proxy server SIP ca min hotmail.com (Bn tin INVITE c th i t Proxy server SIP ca min yahoo.com v c Proxy ny chuyn n Proxy server ca min hotmail.com). + Bc 2: Proxy server ca min hotmail.com s tham kho server nh v (Location server) quyt nh v tr hin ti ca UserB.// T proxy server ca mien hotmail.com n s n location server de dinh vi v tri hien ti ca userB + Bc 3: Server nh v tr li v tr hin ti ca UserB (gi s l UserB@hotmail.com). + Bc 4: Proxy server gi bn tin INVITE ti userB@hotmail.com. Proxy server thm a ch ca n trong mt trng ca bn tin INVITE. + Bc 5: UAS ca UserB p ng cho server Proxy vi bn tin 200 OK. + Bc 6: Proxy server gi p ng 200 OK tr v userA@yahoo.com. + Bc 7: userA@yahoo.com gi bn tin ACK cho UserB thng qua proxy server. + Bc 8: Proxy server chuyn bn tin ACK cho userB@hostmail.com

+ Bc 9: Sau khi c hai bn ng tham d cuc gi, mt knh RTP/RTCP c m gia hai im cui truyn tn hiu thoi. + Bc 10: Sau khi qu trnh truyn dn hon tt, phin lm vic b xa bng cch s dng bn tin BYE v ACK gia hai im cui. + Hot ng ca my ch chuyn i a ch (Redirect Server):

Hot ng ca Redirect Server c trnh by nh hnh . Cc bc nh sau: + Bc 1: Redirect server nhn c yu cu INVITE t ngi gi (Yu cu ny c th i t mt proxy server khc). + Bc 2: Redirect server truy vn server nh v a ch ca B. + Bc 3: Server nh v tr li a ch ca B cho Redirect server. + Bc 4: Redirect server tr li a ch ca B n ngi gi A. N khng pht yu cu INVITE nh proxy server. + Bc 5: User Agent bn A gi li bn tin ACK n Redirect server xc nhn s trao i thnh cng. + Bc 6: Ngi gi A gi yu cu INVITE trc tip n a ch c tr li bi Redirect server (n B). Ngi b gi B p ng vi ch th thnh cng (200 OK), v ngi gi p tr bn tin ACK xc nhn. Cuc gi c thit lp. Ngoi ra SIP cn c cc m hnh hot ng lin mng vi SS7 (n PSTN) hoc l lin mng vi chng giao thc H.323. IV-Tnh nng ca SIP Giao thc SIP c thit k vi nhng ch tiu sau: a) Tch hp vi cc giao thc c ca IETF Cc giao thc khc ca IETF c th xy dng xy dng nhng ng dng SIP. SIP c th hot ng cng vi nhu giao thc nh : - RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) : Giao thc ginh trc ti nguyn mng. - RTP (Real-time transport Protocol) : Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc - RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) : Giao thc to lung thi gian thc

- SAP (Session Advertisement Protocol) : Giao thc thng bo trong phin kt ni - SDP (Session Description Protocol) : Giao thc m t phin kt ni a phng tin - MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension - M rng th tn Internet a mc ch) : Giao thc th in t - HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) : Giao thc truyn siu vn bn - COPS (Common Open Policy Service) : Dch v chnh sch m chung - OSP (Open Settlement Protocol) : Giao thc tha thun m b) n gin v c kh nng m rng SIP c rt t bn tin, khng c cc chc nng tha nhng SIP c th s dng thit lp nhng phin kt ni phc tp nh hi ngh n gin, gn nh, da trn khun dng vn bn, SIP l giao thc ra i sau v khc phc c im yu ca nhiu giao thc trc y. Cc phn mm ca my ch y quyn, my ch ng k, my ch chuyn i a ch, my ch nh v c th chy trn cc my ch khc nhau v vic ci t thm my ch hon ton khng nh hng n cc my ch c. Chnh v th h thng chuyn mch SIP c th d dng nng cp. c) H tr ti a s di ng ca u cui Do c my ch y quyn, my ch ng k v my ch chuyn i a ch h thng lun nm c a im chnh xc ca thu bao. Th d thu bao vi a ch ptit@vnpt.com.vn c th nhn c cuc gi thoi hay thng ip bt c a im no qua bt c u cui no nh my tnh bn, my xch tay, in thoi SIP Vi SIP rt nhiu dch v di ng mi c h tr. d) D dng to tnh nng mi cho dch v v dch v mi. L giao thc khi to phin trong mng chuyn mch gi SIP cho php to ra nhng tnh nng mi hay dch v mi mt cch nhanh chng. Ngn ng x l cuc gi (Call Processing Language) v Giao din cng kt ni chung (Common Gateway Interface) l mt s cng c thc hin iu ny. SIP h tr cc dch v thoi nh ch cuc gi, chuyn tip cuc gi, kha cuc gi (call waiting, call forwarding, call blocking), h tr thng ip thng nht SIP l mt cng c h tr hp dn i vi in thoi IP v cc l do sau: e) N c th hot ng v trng thi hoc c trng thi. V vy, s hot ng v trang thi cung cp s m rng tt do cc server khng phi duy tr thng tin v trng thi cuc gi mt khi s thc hin (transaction) c x l. f) N c th s dng nhiu dng hoc c php giao thc chuyn siu vn bn HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), v vy, n cung cp mt cc thun li hot ng trn cc trnh duyt. g) Bn tin SIP (ni dung bn tin) th khng r rang, n c th l bt c c php no. V vy, n c th c m t theo nhiu cch. Chng hn, n c th c m t vi s m rng th Internet a mc ch MINE (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) hoc ngn ng nh du m rng XML (Extensible Markup Language). h) N nhn dng mt ngi dng vi b nh v ti nguyn ng nht URL (Uniform Resource Locator), v vy, n cung cp cho ngi dng kh nng khi to cuc gi bng cch nhp vo mt lin kt trn

trang web. Ni chung, SIP h tr cc hot ng chnh sau: - nh v tr ca ngi dng. - nh media cho phin lm vic. - nh s sn sng ca ngi dng tham gia vo mt phin lm vic. - Thit lp cuc gi, chuyn cuc gi v kt thc.

Mt v d v cuc gi in gia hai in thoi SIP

Giao thc SIP n gin c m t nh sau : 1- u tin : My gi gi mt bn tin INVITE n my c gi 2- Sau : My c gi tr li bn tin 100Trying th 3-Khi chung ca my c gi ku, ng thi my c gi gi bn tin 180 Ringging v cho my gi, v my gi s nghe thy ting chung ku (dng chung c nh dng ring, khng hn ging ting chung ca my c gi ku m ta nghe thy c) 4-Khi my oc gi c ngi nhc my th my c gi s tr li bn tin 200 OK v cho my gi 5-My gi p tr bng bn tin ACK , ng thi cuc gi c thit lp. Trong qu trnh trao i thng tin gia hai my thc cht l trao i cc bn tin RTP theo giao thc RTP. 6-Khi mun kt thc cuc gi . Bn c gi dp my, ng thi bn tin BYE c gi n my gi, my gi p tr bng bn tin 200 OK v cuc gi chnh thc c kt thc.

Lit k cc phn hi SIP c nhn bit: 1xx: Phn hi thng tin : 2xx: Phn hi thnh cng 3xx: Phn hi chuyn hng 4xx: Yu cu tht bi 5xx: Li my ch 6xx: Tht bi ton cc c th : 1xx: Phn hi thng tin : 100: ang th : my c gi tip nhn c yu cu bn gi v gi bn tin ny mang tnh cht phn hi th 180: chung : My c gi chung, v gi bn tin chung v cho bn gi. 181: cuc gi ang chuyn hng: May c gi lp trnh chuyn hng n mt my khc trong khi n ang bn hoc khng x l cuc gi ca bn gi. 182 : ang xp hng i : ch i v c nhiu yu cu n cng lc 183: Phin ang tin hnh: C phin cuc gi khc ang c tin hnh vi my c gi 2xx: Phn hi thnh cng 200 OK phn hi thnh cng : c dng khi bn c yu cu tr li thnh cng yu cu ca bn yu

cu: v d trn ta dng hai bn tin 200 ok. Trong bn tin u tin do my c gi phn hi li my gi khi n tr li thnh cng bn tin chung. Cn trong bn tin 200 OK th hai do my gi phn hi n my c gi khi n gi thnh cng cuc gi v chp nhn kt thc cuc gi. 3xx: Phn hi chuyn hng 300: c nhiu la chn 301: di i vnh vin 302: tm thi di i 305: dng proxy 380: dch v thay th 4xx: Yu cu tht bi 400: yu cu sai 401: khng c quyn: ch dng vi c quan ng kim , cc proxy phi dng yu cu cp php cho proxy 407 402: yu cu tr tin d tr phng trong tng lai: V d khi bn dng in thoi di ng, tin trong ti khon ca bn gn ht, trc khi thit lp cuc gi theo yu cu ca bn th tng i s thm mt thng bo:"Ti khon ca bn sp ht , xin vui lng np thm c th tip tc s dng"... 403: cm 404: Khng tm thy ngi dng:"Thu bao qu khch va gi Khng c, xin vui lng th li" 405: Phng thc khng c php 406: Khng c chp nhn 407: cn c s cp php cho proxy 408: yu cu b ht gi : Khng tm thy ngi dng trong thi gian cho php 410: khng cn , ngi dng tng tn ti nhng by gi khng cn c s dng na:"Thu bao qu khch va gi hin ang tm kha, mong qu khch vui lng gi li sau" 413: n v yu cu qu ln: "cuc gi khng th thc hin c" 414: URI ca yu cu qu ti :"mng qu ti" 415: kiu phng tin khng c h tr: v d : tin nhn a phng tin khng th gi n v nhn t mt s my di ng khng h trn GPRS 416: gin URI khng c h tr 420: phn m rng khng ng: S dng phn m rng ca giao thc SIP khng ng nn my ch khng hiu c 421: Yu cu c phn m rng 423: Qung qu ngn 480: tm thi khng hot ng 481: cuc gi/giao dch khng tn ti 482: pht hin thy lp 483: qu nhiu chng trung tuyn 484:a ch khng hon chnh 485: ti ngha 486: ang bn 487: yu cu b chm dt 488: Khng c chp nhn ti y

491: yu cu ang ch 493: khng th gii m c : Khng th gii m phn thn ca S/MIME 5xx: Li my ch 500: li bn trong my ch 501: cha khai bo: Phng thc yu cu SIP ny cha c khai bo y 502: gateway sai 503: dch v khng c 505: phin bn khng c h tr: My ch khng h tr giao thc SIP ny 513: thng ip qu ln 6xx: Tht bi ton cc 600: tt c mi ni u bn 603: t chi 604: khng tn ti bt c u 606: Khng c chp nhn