SUMMARY OF VOWELS & CONSONANTS

Vowel chart
Tongue height front i: 1 e $ central back
U:

tongue part

high/ close half close mid Half open low/

6
3:

open

^
` spread neutral a:

4 lip-shape

rounded

tongue height front high/ close central back tongue part

1
16 6$ 6 $6 01

half close mid

Half open low/ open spread

e1 e6
e

a 1

a$

neutral

rounded

lip-shape

Manner of articulation bilabial labio-dental

Place of articulation dental alveolar alveo-palatal palatal velar

Stops (plosives)

vcls

vd Fricatives vcls

b f 8

d s ~

vd

Affricatives

vcls

t~

vd

d2

Nasals

vd

Lateral

vd
Retroflex

vd vd
w

Semi-vowel