P3.340 The water jet in fig. P3.40 strikes normal to a fixed plate .

neglect gravity and friction and compute the force F reguired to hold the plate fixed in newtown..

Dj = 10 cm

Plate

F Diket : Dj = 10vj = 8 m/s rj = 5cm = 0,05m cm ; Vj = 8 m/s Ditanya : F = ? Solusi : Akibat tekanan air dengan kecepatan vj pada pipa water jet maka timbul gaya dengan arah sama dengan arah vj yang kita namakan Fj. . Aliran masa pada pipa water jet kita misalkan : m j
m j
.

= .A.vj = 1000kg/m3. (0,05m)2.8m/s = 62,8 kg/s

Gaya Fj dapat dihitung dengan pers: . Fj = m (vj) j = 62,8 kg/s(8m/s) = 502,4 N Gaya F dan Fj bekerja pada satu satu sumbu ( misalkan sumbu x ) karena plate tidak bergerak maka berlaku hukumnewton I: F = 0 Fx = 0 Fj F = 0 F = Fj = 502,4 N

EXAMPLE 2.12 A drag racer rests her coffee mug on a horizontal tray while she accelerates at 7 m/s2. The mug is 10 cm deep and 6 cm in diameter and contains coffee 7 cm deep at rest. (a) Assuming rigidbody acceleration of the coffee, determine whether it will spill out of the mug. (b) Calculate the gage pressure in the corner at point A if the density of coffee is 1010 kg/m3. Solution The free surface tilts at the angle given by Eq. (2.55) regardless of the shape of the mug. With a z = 0 and standard gravity, = tan-1
ax = tan g
-1

7 ,0 m / s 2 = 35.5 9,81 m / s 2

If the mug is symmetric about its central axis, the volume of coffee is conserved if the tilted surface intersects the original rest surface exactly at the centerline, as shown in Fig. E2.12.

E2.12 Thus the deflection at the left side of the mug is : z = (3 cm)(tan ) = 2.14 cm Ans. (a)

This is less than the 3-cm clearance available, so the coffee will not spill unless it was sloshed during the start-up of acceleration. Part B When at rest, the gage pressure at point A is given by Eq. (2.20):

pA =g(zsurf - zA) =(1010 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(0.07 m) =694 N/m2 = 694 Pa During acceleration, Eq. (2.56) applies, with G = [(7.0)2 + (9.81)2]1/2 = 12.05 m/s2. The distance s down the normal from the tilted surface to point A is s = (7.0 + 2.14)(cos ) = 7.44 cm Thus the pressure at point A becomes pA= .G. s = 1010(12.05)(0.0744) = 906 Pa (b) Ans.

which is an increase of 31 percent over the pressure when at rest. EXAMPLE 2.13 The coffee cup in Example 2.12 is removed from the drag racer, placed on a turntable, and rotated about its central axis until a rigid-body mode occurs. Find (a) the angular velocity which will cause the coffee to just reach the lip of the cup and (b) the gage pressure at point A for this condition

Solution Part a The cup contains 7 cm of coffee. The remaining distance of 3 cm up to the lip must qual the distance h/2 in Fig. 2.23. Thus
2 (0,03 m) 2 h 2 R 2 = 0.03 m = = 4.g 4(9,81 m / s 2 2

Solving, we obtain =1308 (a) or = 36.2 rad/s = 345 r/min Ans.

Part b To compute the pressure, it is convenient to put the origin of coordinates r and z at the bottom of the free-surface depression, as shown in Fig. E2.13. The gage pressure here is p0 = 0, and point A is at (r, z) = (3 cm, -4 cm). Equation (2.63) can then be evaluated pA = 0 - (1010 kg/m3)(9.81 m/s2)(-0.04 m)+ (1010 kg/m3)(0.03 m) (1308 rad2/s2) = 396 N/m2 + 594 N/m2 = 990 Pa Ans. (b)
2

This is about 43 percent greater than the still-water pressure pA = 694 Pa.

P3.12 Water at 20C flows steadily through a closed tank, as in Fig. P3.12. At section 1, D1= 6 cm and the volume flow is 100 m3/h. At section 2, D2 =5 cm and the average velocity is 8 m/s. If D3 = 4 cm, what is (a) Q3 in m3/h and (b) average V3 in m/s?

Diket: D1 = 6 cm Q1 = 100 m3/h D2 =5 cm = 0,05 m V2 =8 m/s D3 = 4 cm = 0,04 m

Ditanya :

a) Q3 = ? b) V3 = ?

Solusi : Debit masuk = debit keluar Q in = Qout Q1 = Q2 + Q3 Q1 = ( D2)2.V2 + Q3 100 m3/h = . 3,14 (0,05 m)2. 8 m/s. 3600s/h + Q3 100 m3/h - 56.52 m3/h = Q3 Q3 = 43.48 m3/h Answ (a) Q3 = A3.V3 = ( D3)2.V3

43.48

m3/h .V3 V3 V3

= . 3,14 (0,04 m)2 .V3

43,48 m 3 /h 0,001256m 2 34617,83m 2 / h = 3600 s / s

= 9,62 m/s

Answ (b)

P3.14 being filled through section 1. Assume incompressible flow. First derive an analytic expression for the water-level change dh/dt in terms of arbitrary volume flows (Q1, Q2, Q3) and tank diameter d. Then, if the water level h is constant, determine the exit velocity V2 for the given data V1 = 3 m/s and Q3 = 0.01 m3/s.

Diket : V1 = 3 m/s Q3 = 0.01 m3/s. D1 = 5cm = 0,05 m D2 = 7cm = 0,07 m Ditanya : V2 = ? Solisi : Debit masuk = debit keluar Q in = Qout Q1+ Q3 = Q2 ( D1)2.V1 + Q3 = ( D2)2.V2 ( D1 ) 2 .V1 + Q3 ( 0,05 m )2 .3 m/s + 0.01 m 3 /s V2 = = (0,07 m )2 ( D2 ) 2 =
0,0158875 m 3 / s = 4,13 m/s 0,0038465 m 2

V2 = 4,13 m/s

Answ

P3.23 The hypodermic needle in Fig. P3.23 contains a liquid serum (SG= 1.05). If the serum is to be injected steadily at 6 cm 3/s, how fast in in/s should the plunger be advanced (a) if leakage in the plunger clearance is neglected and (b) if leakage is 10 percent of the needle flow?

Diket :

D1 = 0,75 in D2 = 0,030 in Q1 = 6 cm3/s = 0,366 in3/s Ditanya : (a). V2=?; if leakage in the plunger clearance is neglected. (b). V2=?; if leakage is 10 percent of the needle flow. Solusi (a). Debit masuk = Debit keluar Q in = Qout Q1 = Q2 0,366 in3/s = ( D2)2.V2 0,366 in3/s = . 3,14 (0,030 in)2. V2 V2
0,366 in 3 /s = 0,0007065 in 2

V2 = 518,05 in/s

Answ (a)

(b). Jika ada kebocoran 10 % berarti terdapat satu lubang keluaran lagi kita misalkan dengan lubang ketiga, dimana pada lubang ketiga ini debitnya 10% dari debit masuk Jadi Q3 = !0%(Q1) Q3 = 10% (0,366 in3/s) Q3 = 0,0366 in3/s. Debit masuk = debit keluar Q in = Qout Q1 = Q2 + Q3 Q1 = ( D2)2.V2 + Q3

Q1 Q 3 0,366 in 3 /s - 0 3 6 in 3 /s. ,0 6 = = 466,24 in/s 2 . 3,14 (0,030 in) 2 ( D2 ) V2 = 466,24 in/s Answ (b)
V2 =

1. Tekanan dikampus = 87kPa, T=29oC. Tekanan dipantai = 101,325kPa,T=25oC.Berapa tinggi kampus dari permukaan laut? Jawab : P = Pa(1-B.Z/To)g/R.B (1-B.Z/To)5,26 = P/Pa {1-(0,0065k/m).Z/288}5,26 = 87/101,325 288-{(0,0065k/m).Z/288} = (0,8586)1/5,26 288-0,065.Z = 279,774 -0,065.Z = -8,226 Z = 1265,539m

2. Tinggi Bukit Tinggi dari permukaan laut 430m, suhu 28oC. Tekanan di pantai 101,325kPa dan suhu 15oC. Berapa tekanan di Bukit Tinggi? Jawab: P = Pa(1-B.Z/To)g/R.B P = 101,325 {1-(2,795/288)}5,26 P = 101,325 (0,9903)5,26

P = 96,2584kPa