Tap Giao An Hoa Hoc 11 Co Ban

1
(Noi dung hoan chnh va a chnh sa lan 1)

Chng trnh: 2 tiet / tuan x 35 tuan = 70 tiet/ nam

( CA NAM = 41 LY THUYET + 12 LUYEN TAP + 6 THC HANH + 5 ON TAP + 6 KIEM TRA =
70 TIET TRONG O: ON TAP AU NAM + ON HK 1 + ON CUOI NAM = 5 TIET, 6 TIET
KIEM TRA TRONG CA 2HK)

ON TAP AU NAM (1)

Tuan Tiet Ngi soan Ngay soan Ngay Ien I Day Ip
1 1 (1/2) 06 / 8/200 / 9/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC.
1. Kien thc:
- On tap l thuyet hoa hoc ve nguyen t, lien ket hoa hoc, nh luat
tuan hoan, phan ng oxi hoa kh, toc o phan ng va can bang hoa hoc.
- He thong tnh chat vat l, hoa hoc cua cac n chat va hp chat cua
cac nguyen to trong nhom halogen, oxi lu huynh.
- Van dung c s l thuyet hoa hoc khi on tap nhom halogen va oxi lu
huynh, chuan b nghien cu cac nguyen to nhom nit photpho va cacbon silic.
2. K nang:
+ Lap phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac phan ng oxi hoa kh bang phng
phap thang bang electron.
+ Giai mot so bai tap c ban nh xac nh thanh phan hon hp, xac
nh ten nguyen to, bai tap ve chat kh.v.v.
+ Van dung cac phng phap cu the e giai cac bai tap hoa hoc nh
lap va giai phng trnh ai so, ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng, tnh tr
so trung bnh .
II/ CHUAN B.
- Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
- HS on lai cac kien thc c ban cua chng trnh hoa hoc lp 10.
- May vi tnh, may chieu a nang hoac may chieu qua au nhng ni
co ieu kien.
- Giay A
0
, but da, bang dnh 2 mat.
- GV chuan 4 phieu hoc tap.
III/PHNG PHAP. am thoai, van ap, thao luan.

IV/ CAC BC THC HIEN.
1/ On nh lp Kiem tra s so, nam tnh hnh lp.
2/ Bai ong tap GV yeu cau HS he thong khai quat nhng kien thc c
ban a hoc lp 10 theo bang sau
Chng 1 NGUYEN T
Chng 5 NHOM HALOGEN KQ, Cl,HCl, Cl
-
,h/c clo
cooxi , F,Br,...
Chng 3 LEN KET HOAHOC LKion ttion, lkcht, ttnt,
tpt, hoatr, soh...
Chng 2 BANG TH CA C NTHH BTH, SBoi CH(e)
NH LUAT TUAN HOAN SBT/C. YNg bang....
Chng 6 OX - LU HUYNH O
2
,O
3
, S,H
2
S, SO
2
, SO
3
H
2
SO
4
, SO
4
2-
...

Chng 7 TOC OPHAN NG VA
CANBANG HOAHOC
Chng 4 PH / NG OX HOA-KH /N, thiet lap..., plp/ .

HOC K
HOC K
Tp, HN, NTo, V, CT Vo
V, CBHH....

A- ON TAP HE THONG HOA
2
KHNT So p So n So e So
Khoi
NT
khoi
vth.
n
N
7
14
?

?

?

?

?

?

Pt
195
78

?

?

?

?
?

th.n
?

?
HOAT ONG 1: Chng 1: NGUYEN T
CAU HOI ON TAP KHAI QUAT HOA:
1. Thanh phan cau tao chnh cua NT la g?
2. HNNT la g? Cau tao cua HNNT nh the nao?
3. ac iem ( KL, T, kch thc) cua NT, HNNT va electron.
4. Quan he gia cac hat p, e, n trong NT?
5. Nhng ai lng nao ac trng cho HN va NT?
6. Ng/ to hoa hoc, ong v la g?
7. S chuyen ong cua electron trong nguyen t nh the nao?
8. Neu k hieu cac lp va cac phan lop electron trong nguyen t. So
electron toi a trong moi lp va trong moi phan lp la bao nhieu?
9. Cho biet th t cac 2c nang lng trong nguyen t?
(1s 2s2p 3s3p 4s3d4p 5s4d5p 6s4f5d6p
7s5f6d7p.)
10. Cac bc viet cau hinh electron cua nguyen t ?
( 3 bc . theo th t 1s 2s2p 3s3p3d 4s4p4d4f..)
11. Neu ac iem so eletron ngoai cung? Da vao cau hnh electron se
biet c nhng g?
PHIEU HOC TAP.
1. ien vao cac o trong cho hp ly.

Ng.t H. nhan EIectron
n
g

k
n
h

d

<10
-1
nm
tc
10
-10
m
<10
-5
nm
tc
10
-14
m
<10
-8
nm
tc
10
-17
m

2. ien vao cac o trong cho hp ly.
N.t So
p
So
v
thn Z
t
hn
So
e
Magie ? ? ? 12
Photpho ? 15 ? ?
Clo 17 ? ? ?

3.

4.

5. Chu y oi n v(Chu y van dung lam lai bai tap neu d hat nhan =10cm th
nguyen t co d=1km)
A mm m cm
1
1
1
1
10
10
8
10
10
10
-10
10
-9
10
-2
10
-8
10
-7
10
2
10
-1
10
7
10
9

6. Bai tap ve viet cau hnh electron da va o xac nh so p, e, n, kim loai,
Kch thc
(ng knh
d)

Khoi Ing

ien tch
Electron (e) d
e
<10
- 8
nm
m
e
= 9,1094.10

31
kg
0,00055 u
q
e
= - 1, 602.10

19
C
Proton (p)
( d<10
- 8
nm)
m
p
=1,6726.10
-
27
kg
1u
qp= 1,602.10
19
C
qp = 1+ (vt)

Notron (n)
mn =1,6748.10
-27
kg
< 1u

q
n
= 0

Nguyen t
d
ng.t
<10
- 1
nm

<m
p
+ m
n

Trung hoa ve
ien

Hat
nha
n

Vo

d
h.n
<10
-5
nm
Hop bang kim loai ch
ohhhhhhop
AC TNH CUA CAC HAT e,
p,n.
3
phi kim.
HOAT ONG 2 Chng 2. BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO
HOA HOC-
NH LUAT TUAN HOAN.
12/1. Neu cau tao s lc BTH cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
13/2. Cau hnh eletron cua nguyen t cac nguyen to bien oi nh the nao
theo chieu tang dan cua ien tch hat nhan nguyen t ?
14/3. Nguyen nhan nao dan en s bien oi tuan hoan tnh chat cua cua
cac n chat va hp chat khi i theo chieu tang dan cua ien tch hat nhan
nguyen t ?
15/4. Y ngha cua BTH cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
HOAT ONG 3 Chng 3. LIEN KET HOA HOC
16/1. V sao cac nguyen t lien ket vi nhau e tao thanh cac phan t n
hoac hp chat? Lien
ket hoa hoc la g?
17/2. Co may loai lien ket hoa hoc a hoc?
18/3. on, anion, cation la g? Khi nao on, anion, cation c tao thanh? The nao
la lien ket ion
? Hp chat ion thng c tao bi nhng ion nao? The nao la ion n
nguyen t, ion a
nguyen t ? Cho v du.
19/4. Lien ket ion la g? Hop chat ion co cau tao mang tinh the nh the nao?
Tnh chat cua
chung co g ac biet.
20/5. Lien ket cong hoa tr la g? The nao la lien ket cong hoa tr khong
cc va co cc? Hieu o
am ien cho biet nhng g? Cho v du.
21/6. Hay cho biet cach xac nh hoa tr va so oxi hoa trong hp chat ion va
hp chat cong hoa
tr ?
22/7. Neu nhng hieu biet ve tinh the nguyen t, tinh the phan t ?
HOAT ONG 4 Chng 4. PHAN NG OXI HOA - KH
23/1. Cho biet cac khai niem Chat kh, chat oxi hoa, s kh, s oxi hoa.
24/2. nh ngha phan ng oxi hoa kh. Cho v du minh hoa.
25/3. So oxi hoa la g? Phan biet hoa tr vi so oxi hoa.
26/4. Cac quy tac xac nh so oxi hoa.
27/5. Cac bc thiet lap phan ng oxi hoa kh.

4/ Bai tap ve nha: Xem bai hoc mi SGK trang 10.

4

ON TAP AU NAM (2)

1 2 (2/2) oang Van oan 4/ 8 /2007 06/ 9 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- On tap l thuyet hoa hoc ve nguyen t, lien ket hoa hoc, nh luat
tuan hoan, phan ng oxi hoa kh, toc o phan ng va can bang hoa hoc.
- He thong tnh chat vat l, hoa hoc cua cac n chat va hp chat cua
cac nguyen to trong nhom halogen, oxi lu huynh.
- Van dung c s l thuyet hoa hoc khi on tap nhom halogen va oxi lu
huynh, chuan b nghien cu cac nguyen to nhom nit photpho va cacbon silic.
2. K nang:
+ Lap phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac phan ng oxi hoa kh bang phng
phap thang bang electron.
+ Giai mot so bai tp c ban nh xac nh thanh phan hon hp, xac nh
ten nguyen to, bai tap ve chat kh.v.v.
+ Van dung cac phng phap cu the e giai cac bai tap hoa hoc nh
lap va giai phng trnh ai so, ap dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng, tnh tr
so trung bnh .

II/ CHUAN B.
- Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
- HS on lai cac kien thc c ban cua chng trnh hoa hoc lp 10.
- May vi tnh, may chieu a nang hoac may chieu qua au nhng ni
co ieu kien.
- Giay A
0
, but da, bang dnh 2 mat.
- GV chuan 4 phieu hoc tap.
( Chu y: GV xe2 the2 tr 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 h'd')

III/PHNG PHAP. Trc quan, am thoai, phat van.


HOAT ONG 1
Phieu hoc tap 1: Van dung l thuyet nguyen tP, lien ket hoa hoc, nh
luat tuan hoan ong tap
nho2 halogen va nho2 oxi - lu huynh; Theo noi dung
cac phieu hoc tap:
Axit H
2
SO
4
va axit HCl la cac hoa chat c ban, co v tr quan trong trong
cong nghiep hoa chat. Hay so sanh tnh chat vat l va hoa hoc cua hai axit
tren.
So sanh lien ket ion va lien ket cong hoa tr. Trong cac chat sau ay,
chat nao co lien ket ion, chat nao co lien ket cong hoa tr NaCl, HCl, Cl
2
?
So sanh cac nguyen to halogen, oxi, lu huynh ve ac iem cau tao
nguyen t, lien ket hoa hoc, tnh oxi hoa kh. Lap bang so sanh nhom
VA va nhom VA.
Noi dung so sanh Nhom haIogen Nhom oxi - Iu
huynh
1. Cac nguyen to hoa hoc
5
2. V tr trong bang tuan hoan
3. ac iem cua lp electron
ngoai cung

4. Tnh chat cua cac n chat
5. Hp chat quan trong
HOAT ONG 2
Phieu hoc tap2: !haPn ng hoa hoc, toc o va can bang hoa hoc.
Hoan thanh cac phng trnhau bang phng phap thang bang electron.
a) Fe
x
O
y
+ CO
0
t
Fe + CO
2

b) Fe + HNO
3

ac

0
t
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ H
2
O
0
2y
0
+
x
+2 +4
2y
xFe + x x Fe
x
C C+ 2e

X 1

X y

Cho phng trnh hoa hoc 2SO
2
+ O
2

2 5
'

2SO
3
AH < 0
Phan tch ac iem cua phan ng ieu che lu huynh i oxit, t do cho
biet cac bien phap k
thuat nham tang hieu qua tong hp SO
3
.
HOAT ONG 3
Phieu hoc tap 3:GiaPi bai tap hoa hoc bang phng phap ap dung nh
luat baPo toan khoi lng, ien tch.
Cho 20,0g hon hp Mg va Fe tac dung vi dung dch HCl d, ta thay co 11,2
lit kh H
2

(ktc) thoat ra. Khoi lng muoi tao thanh sau phan ng la
a) 50,0g b) 55,5g * c) 60,0 d) 60,5g
Gi y: V trong HCl th n
Cl
= n
H

2
Cl
n =
2
H
n =
11, 2
22, 4
= 0,5mol m
Cl
= 0,5 x
(2x35,5)/1mol= 35,5
m
muoi
= 20,0 + 35,5 = 55,5
Hoa tan hoan toan 1,12 g kim loai hoa tr vao dung dch HCl thu c 0,448
lit kh
ktc. Kim loai a cho la
a)Mg b) Zn c) Cu d) Fe
*
Gi y: M + 2HCl MCl
2
+ H
2

M 22,4
1,12 0,448 M = 56 (Fe)
HOAT ONG 4
Phieu hoc tap 4: GiaPi bai tap hoa hoc bang cach lap phng trinh ai
so va phng trinh
ng cheo.
Mot hon hp kh O
2
va SO
2
co t khoi so vi H
2
la 24. Thanh phan phan
tram cua moi kh theo the tch lan lt la
a) 75% va 25% b) 50% va 50%
*
c) 25% va 75% d) 35% va
65%
GA CACH 1 !hng phap ai so
.
1 1 2 2 1 2
ho n hp kh
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
M V + M V 32V + 64V
M = = = 24x2 = 48(g/mol) V = V %V = %V = 50%
V + V V + V

GA CACH 2 !hng phap ng cheo
6
$O
2
:
O
2
:
M
1
= 64
M
2
= 32
M= 48
16
16

2
2
SO
1 2 1 2
O
V
16
= =1 V = V %V = %V = 50%
V 16

2/ Bai tap ve nha: Xem bai hoc mi SGK trang 10.

BAI
1
CHNG 1: $ IEN LI
( 5 LY THUYET + 1 LUYEN TAP + 01THC HANH = 7 TIET)
$ IEN LI

2 3 oang Van oan 8/ 8 /2007 12/ 9 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. (H'D' 11-13)
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet: Khai niem ve s ien li, chat ien li, chat ien li manh, chat
ien li yeu.
2. K nang:
- HS quan sat th nghiem, rut ra c mot dung dch hay mot cht co dan
c dien hay
khong. Viet phng trnh ien li.
II/ CHUAN B.
- GV Ve san hnh 1.1 (SGK trang 4) e mo ta th nghiem hoac chuan b
th nghiem theo hnh 1.1 SGK e bieu dien th nghiem.
- Ve san hnh 1.1 (SGK trang 4)
III/PHNG PHAP. Day hoc neu van e.
2/ oc bai 2i:

HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG CUA
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1: I- HIEN TNG IEN LI
GV hng dan HS cach s
bo th nghiem theo hnh 1.1
SGK tr4.
* GV gii thieu va tien hanh
cac TN.
* GV at van e tai sao dd
nay dan ien ma dd khac
th khong?
* GV giai thch nh SGK tr4.
* GV bo sung cac K/N s
ien li, chat ien li va
phng trnh ien li.
Lap bang trong sau TN HS
ien
1
Nc
cat
NaCl
khan
NaOH
khan
Khong
sang
Khong
sang
Khong
sang
2
Dd HCl Dd
NaOH
Dd NaCl
Sang Sang Sang
3
Dd C2H5OH glixerol
HS theo doi th
nghiem

HS nhan xet tng
trng hp TN.

HS cung GV giai
quyet van e
at ra.

HS can c vao
SGK e giai thch
nguyen nhan.

1. Th nghiem.
Theo doi cac lan th
nghiem
2. Nguyen nhan tnh dan
ien cua cac dung dch
axit, baz va muoi trong
nc.
%Jnh dan ien cua cac
dung dch axit, baz va
muoi la do trong dung dch
cua chung co cac tieau
phan mang ien tJch
chuyean ong t do c
goi la ion
Qua trnh phan li cac
chat trong nc ra ion la
s ien li.
Nhng chat tan trong
nc phan li ra ion c
7
ng (C3H5(OH)3
Khong
sang
Khong
sang
Khong
sang
GV co the cho HS nghien
cu SGK roi cho biet nhan
xet va ket luan.
- GV dan dat v sao vat the
dan ien dd cac axit, baz
va muoi dan ien no
dung cua thuyet A-re- ni- ut.

HS ien hien
tng dan ien
cac dung dch
vao bang trong
goi la nhng chat ien
li
*
.
Vay axit, baz va muoi la
nhng chat ien li.
2 Phng trnh ien li.
NaCl Na
+
+ Cl
-
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

NaOH Na
+
+ OH
-

HOAT ONG 2 II. PHAN LOAI CAC CHAT IEN LI
GV Tiep tuc hng dan lam
TN e phat hien chat ien li
manh, chat ien l yeu.

GV Goi HS nhan xet?

GV dat van e Tai sao?

GV Nhan 2anh the2:
Da vao mc o phan li ra
ion cua cac chat ien li
khac nhau, ngi ta chia cac
chat ien li thanh chat
ien li manh va chat ien li
yeu.

GV khai thac HS van dung
SGK.

GV cho HS ap dung lam bai
tap so 3 trang 7.
HS quan sat %
va nhan xet:

Y/C Bong en
coc ng dung
dch HCl sang hn
bong en coc
ng dung dch
CH
3
COOH.

Gia thJch nguyen
nhan HS da vao
SGK tra li.

Y/C Nong o cac
ion trong dd HCl ln
hn nong o cac
ion trong dd
CH
3
COOH.

HS ap dung lam
bai tap so 3 trang
7.
1. Th nghiem:
2. Chat ien Ii manh va
chat ien I yeu.
a) Chat ien li 2anh.
Chat ien li manh la chat
khi tan trong nc, cac
phan t hoa tan eu
phan li ra ion.

Viet qua trnh phan li
dung mui ten mot chieu.
Na
2
SO
4
2Na
+
+ SO
4
2-

KOH K
+
+ OH
-

Gom:Cac axit manh HCl,
HNO
3
.Cac baz manh
NaOH, KOH..Va hau het
cac muoi.

b) Chat ien li yeu.
Chat ien li yeu la chat
khi tan trong nc ch co
mot phan so phan t
hoa tan phan li ra ion,
phan con lai van ton tai
di dang phan t trong
dung dch.

Viet qua trnh phan li
dung mui ten ngc
chieu.
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

Gom:
- Cac axit yeuCH
3
COOH,
HClO, HF, H
2
S, H
2
SO
3
.
- Cac baz yeu Bi(OH)
3
,
Mg(OH)
2
.
Can bang ien li la can
bang ong va theo
nguyen l chuyen dch can
bang L Sa- t- li-e.
HOAT ONG 3
4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap 1, 2 va 3 $GK trang 7
8
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 4, 5, 6, 7* trang 7 ($GK)
6/ * Gi y bai tap:

BAI
2

AXIT, BAZ VA MUOI
3 4 (1/2) oang Van oan 12/ 8/2007 13/ 9 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc: - HS biet nh ngha axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh va muoi theo A-
re-ni-ut.
2. K nang: - Viet phng trnh ien li cua mot so axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh
va muoi.
,
II/ CHUAN B.
GV Th nghiem chng minh Zn(OH)
2
co tnh chat lng tnh.

III/PHNG PHAP. at van e, am thoai, phat van.

HOAT ONG 1:
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
- Bai tap 4, 5, 6, 7 SGK trang 7.
- Bai tap 1/ NC
Dung dch glixerol trong nc khong dan ien, dung dch natri hiroxit
trong nc
dan dien tot. ieu nay c giai thch
a) Glixerol la chat hu c, con natri hiddroxxit la chat vo c.
b) Trong dung dch, natri hiddroxit b phan li thanh ion, con glixerol
khong b phan li.
c) Phan t glixerol cha lien ket cong hoa tr, con natri hiroxit
la hp chat ion.
d) Glixerol la chat long, natri hiroxit la chat ran.
Hay chon cau tra li ung.
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 2: I. AXIT
GV
Bc 1: Cho HS t viet
phng trnh ien li cua cac
axit ( chu y axit nao la
chat ien li manh, chat
ien li yeu , cach viet P%
ien li cua chung)
Bc 2: Nhan xet cac dd
HS t viet phng
trnh ien li cua cac
axit HCl,
CH
3
COOHoHS nhan
xet

HS nhan xet
Trong cac dd axit
1. nh ngha:
Phng trnh ien li cua
cac axit HCl, CH
3
COOH

HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

Thuyet A-re-ni-ut:
Axit la chat khi tan trong
9
axit eu co mot so tnh
chat chung th trong dd cua
chung co g chung ?
Bc : Cho HS oc nh
ngha ve axit
GV at van e Can c
vao "so nac
eu co cation H
+

chnh cation nay lam
cho cac dd axit co
tnh chat chung.

HS oc nh ngha
ve axit
nc phan li ra cation H
+
.

phan li ra ion H
+
cua axit
ngi ta chia axit lam 2 loai

Bc 4 : GV hng dan
HS viet phng trnh ien li.
GV boa sung them:
H
3
PO
4

+
H +
-
2 4
H PO (a
1
)

-
2 4
H PO

+
H +
2-
4
HPO (a
2
)

2-
4
HPO

+
H +
3-
4
PO (a
3
)
Vi K la hang so phan li
th
1
a
K = 7,5.10
-3
(25
0
)
2
a
K = 6,2.10
-8
(25
0
)
3
a
K = 4,2. 10
-13
(25
0
)
Vi gia tr khi K cang ln
th axit phan li cang de
dang.
---------------------
GV co the cho HS lien he
lay v du cac axit khac.

HS t viet phng
trnh ien li cua cac
axit H
2
SO
4
, H
3
PO
4
.

2. Axit 2ot nac, axit
nhieu nac:
a) Trong dung dch nc
nhng axit ch phan li
c 2ot nac ra ion
.o la cac axit 2ot

nac.
V du vi HCl, CH
3
COOH
la axit 1 nac
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-

CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

b) Trong dung dch nc
nhng axit phan li c
t 2 hoac nac ra ion

goi chung la axit nhieu
nac.
V du vi H
2
SO
4
la axit 2
nac
H
2
SO
4
H
+
+
-
4
HSO
(S ien li manh)

-
4
HSO

H
+
+
2-
4
SO

2
a
K = 1,2.10
-2
(25
0
)
V du vi H
3
PO
4
la axit 3
nac
H
3
PO
4

+
H +
-
2 4
H PO

-
2 4
H PO

+
H +
2-
4
HPO

2-
4
HPO

+
H +
3-
4
PO
H
2
SO
4
, H
3
PO
4
goi chung
la axit nhieu nac
HOAT ONG 3 II. BAZ
GV cho HS viet phng trnh
ien li cua cac baz KOH,
NaOH.
GV t phng trnh ien li
HS nhan xet
GV Cho HS nh ngha baz.
GV cung cap cho HS baz
mot nac, baz nhieu
nac.
HS viet phng trnh
ien li cua cac
baz KOH, NaOH.
Y/C Cac dd baz
eu co mat anion
OH
-
lam cho dd co
nhng tnh chat
chung.
HS nh ngha baz.
1. nh ngha.
V duPhng trnh ien li
KOH K
+
+ OH
-
NaOHNa
+
+ OH
-
.
Thuyet A-re-ni-ut:
Baz la chat khi tan trong
nc phan li ra anion OH
-
.
2. Baz 2ot nac, baz
nhieu nac
a) Baz khi tan trong nc
ch phan li mot nac ra ion
OH
-
goi la baz 2ot nac.
10
V du KOH K
+
+ OH
-
NaOHNa
+
+ OH
-

b) Baz khi tan trong nc
phan li nhieu nac ra ion
OH
-
goi la baz nhieu
nac.
V du
Ca(OH)
2
Ca(OH)
+
+OH
-

Ca(OH)
+

Ca
2+
+
OH
-
HOAT ONG 4 Cung co: Viet phng trnh phan li cua cac axit HF, HBrO, HClO
4
,
H
2
S.
4/ Bai tap ve nha: $GK trang 10.

BAI
2

AXIT, BAZ VA MUOI
3 5 (2/2) oang Van oan 16/ 8/2007 15/ 9 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc: - HS biet nh ngha axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh va muoi theo A-
re-ni-ut.
2. K nang: - Viet phng trnh ien li cua mot so axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh
va muoi.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Th nghiem chng minh Zn(OH)
2
co tnh chat lng tnh.

III/PHNG PHAP. at van e, am thoai, phat van.


HOAT ONG 1:
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
- Bai tap 1 SGK trang 10.
- Bai tap 2 SGK trang 10.
- Bai tap 1/ NC
/ oc bai 2i:

HOAT ONG 5 III. HIROXIT LNG TNH
GV lam th nghiem ( hoac
mo ta bang hnh ve

Zn(OH)
2
Ket tua ban au

dd HCl dd NaOH
Ong 1 Ong 2

GV gi y HS phat hien tnh
HS quan sat hien
tng va nhan xet
Y/C
Ket tua kem
hiroxit hai ong
eu tan ( GV tiep li
san pham cua
phan ng o la
ZnCl
2
+ H
2
O va
Na
2
ZnO
2
+ H
2
O).
Xet th nghiem oi vi
Zn(OH)
2
.
Zn(OH)
2
la hiroxit lng
tnh, tuy ieu kien, co
hai kieu phan li
* Kieau baz:
Zn(OH)
2

2+
Zn +
-
2OH
** Kieau Axit
Zn(OH)
2

+
2H +
2-
2
ZnO
Con viet
H
2
ZnO
2

+
2H +
2-
2
ZnO
11
huong mi khong giong
vi nhng kien thc san
co, kem hiroxit the hien
hai tnh chat; Tnh baz khi t/d
vi axit va the hien tnh
axit khi tac dung vi baz,
goino la hiroxit lng tnh.
GV giai thch Theo A-re-ni-
ut:
GV bo sung them cac
hiroxit lng tnh khac.
Vay; iroxit lng tnh
la hiroxit khi tan trong
nc va co the phan
li nh axit va co the
phan li nh baz.
Cac hiroxit lng tJnh
thng gap: Zn(OH)
2
,
Al(OH)
3
, Sn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
,
Cr(OH)
3
.
ac ieam: cac hiroxit
lng tnh thng t tan, lc
axit ( kha nang phan li ra
H
+
), baz yeu.

HOAT ONG 6 IV. MUOI
ien li cua cac muoi
NaCl, K
2
SO
4
.

GV Viet phng trnh ien li
cua cac muoi phc tap
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NaHCO
3
, .

GV yeu cau HS nhan xet
hoac oc nh ngha.

GV bo sung hoac at van
e Can c vao ac
iem cua goc axit co trong
muoi ngi ta phan thanh
2 loai

Chu y: Ch co H cua
nhom OH mi the hien
tnh axit.

* hng oi vi a
2
HPO
3

va aH
2
PO
3
v cac hiro
o khong tJnh axit.( SGK tr9
+ h'd'tr18)
HS viet phng trnh
ien li cua cac
muoi NaCl, K
2
SO
4
.

Y/C neu c dd
cac muoi eu co
cation kim loai ( hoac
+
4
NH ) vagoc axit.
Y/C HS lay v du
1. nh ngha.
uoi la hp chat khi tan
trong nc phan li ra
cation ki2 loai ( hoac
cation
+
4
NH ) va goc axit.
V du NaCl Na
+
+ Cl
-

K
2
SO
4
2K
+
+
SO
4
2-
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
2NH
4
+
+ SO
4
2-
NaHSO
4
Na
+
+ HSO
4
-
.

Muoi ma goc axit khong
con hiro co kha nang
phan li ra ion H
+
( hiro co
tJnh axit)
*
c goi la
muoi trung hoa.
VJ du: aCl,(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
,
K
2
SO
4
, Muoi ma goc axit
van con hiro co kha
nang phan li ra ion H
+
( hiro
co tJnh axit) c goi la
muoi axit.
VJ du:NaHSO
4,
aHCO
3
,
aH
2
PO
4
.
NaHSO
4
Na
+
+ HSO
4
-
HSO
4
-

H
+
+ SO
4
2-
HOAT ONG 7
ien li cua mot so muoi
trung hoa va muoi xit
khac.
HS nghien cu SGK. 2. $ ien Ii cua muoi
trong nc.
+ Hau het cac muoi khi
tan trong nc phan li
hoan toan ra cation kim
loai ( hoac
+
4
NH ) va goc
axit ( Tr mot so muoi
nh HgCl
2
, Hg(CN)
2
.
+ Neu anion goc axit van
con tnh axit, th goc nay
12
phan li ra H
+
.
NaHSO
4
Na
+
+ HSO
4
-

HSO
4
-

H
+
+ SO
4
2-
+ Mot so muoi goc axit
van co hiro, ma khong
the hien tnh axit nen van
c goi la muoi trung
hoa v du Na
2
HPO
4
.
HOAT ONG 8 Cung co:
- Viet phng trnh ien li cua hiroxit lng tnh Be(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, An(OH)
2
,
Pb(OH)
2
.
- Viet phng trnh ien li cua muoi KHS, K
2
S, Na
2
SO
3
, NaHSO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
,.
Bai tap ve nha:

BAI 3

$ IEN LI CUA NC, pH.
CHAT CH TH AXIT - BAZ
03
6
oang Van oan
18 / 9
/2007
20/ 9 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
- $ biet: anh gia o axit va o kiem cua cac dd theo nong o H
+
, [OH
-
], pH; Mau cua
mot so chat ch th thong dung trong dung dch cac khoang pH khac
nhau.
2. K nang:
- HS biet lam mot so dang toan n gian co lien quan en H
+
, [OH
-
], pH
va xac nh moi
trng axit, kiem hay trung tnh.

II/ CHUAN B.
* GV Neu muon to chc cho HS t lam th nghiem khi hoc bai mi th GV
chuan b cho moi ban mot tap giay ch th pH va ba ong nghiem ong (1) ng
dd axit loang, ong (2) ng nc nguyen chat, ong (3) ng dd kiem loang.

III/PHNG PHAP. at van e, trc quan, am thoai, phat van.

HOAT ONG 1:
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu: ( oac la2 bai tap trang 10 $GK).
a/ Neu nh ngha ve axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh va muoi theo thuyet
A-re-ni-ut, cho v du va viet phng trnh ien li ve chung
b/ The nao la axit mot nac, axit nhieu nac, muoi trung hoa, muoi
axt. Cho v du va viet phng trnh ien li tng loai. Co phai hoan toan
muoi axit con cha hiro la eu co tnh axit khong? Cho v du
c/ Bai tap SGK trang 10.
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
I. NC LA CHAT IEN LI YEU.

HOAT ONG 2
13
GV thong bao C 555
trieu phan t nc th co
1 phan t phan li ra ion.
Vay, nc la chat ien li
yeu
HS da vao SGK viet
phng trnh ien li
cua nc
1. $ ien Ii cua nc.
2
H O

+
H +
-
OH.. (1)
Nc la chat ien li
yeu.
HOAT ONG3
GV Nhn vao phng trnh
(1). Em hay so sanh nong
o ion
+
H vi nong o ion
-
OH.. trong nc nguyen
chat ?

HS so sanh nong o
ion
+
H vi nong o
ion
-
OH.. trong nc
nguyen chat ?
2. Tch so ion cua nc.

=
| |
+ -
H OH.. =1,0.10
-7

(mol/l)

GV thong bao tiep 25
0
C
va bang thc nghiem
ngi ta a xac nh c
rang ( viet ND).
GV thong bao tiep Nc
nguyen chat la moi
trng trung tnh
GV hnh thanh khai niem
tch so ion cua nc at
la
2
H O
K , th.
2
H O
K = .
| |
+ -
H OH.. goi la
tch so ion cua nc, la
hang so nhiet o xac
nh. trong moi trng
trung tnh va nhiet o
khong khac nhieu so vi
25
0
C co gia tr la 1,0.10
-14

.
Y/C Thay Mot phan
t H
2
O phan li ra mot
ion
+
H va mot ion
-
OH.. , tc la
=
| |
+ -
H OH..

HS viet ket qua
nay.

nh ngha 25
0
C, moi
trng trung tnh la moi
trng trong
o =
| |
+ -
H OH.. =1,0.10
-7

M.
Tch so ion cua nc la
2
H O
K = .
| |
+ -
H OH.. =
1,0.10
-7
.1,0.10
-7
= 1,0.10
-14
2
H O
K la hang so ca trong
dung dch loang cua cac
chat khac nhau.
GV ket hp giang va
cung HS giai toan hng
dan HS so sanh ket qua
va rut ra ket luan (SGK)
GV S dung nguyen l L
Sa-t li-e oi vi phan
ng (1). Khi tang nong o
ion H
+
hoac OH
-
th nong
o cac ion OH
-
hoac H
+

giam tang sao cho tch so
ion cua nc la khong
oi.
GV lay cac v du tao dd
HCl e co
|
+
H la 1,0.10
-
3
M va dd NaOH e co

|
-
OH la 1,0.10
-5
M
Giai toan tm nong o ion
OH
-
va H
+
so sanh va oi
HS cung tnh toan so
sanh ket qua va
rut ra ket luan

HS cung xay dng
bang tom tat
3. Y ngha tch so ion
cua nc.
a) oi trng axit:
* Biet
|
+
H
|
-
OH
+ Moi trng axit la moi
trng trong o

|
+
H
>
|
-
OH
hay

|
+
H
>1,0.10
-
7
b) oi trng kie2:
* Biet
|
-
OH
|
+
H
+ Moi trng kiem la
moi trng trong o

|
+
H <
|
-
OH
hay

|
+
H
<1,0.10
-
7
Tom tat:
14
vi nc nguyen chat
Mo i trng
No ng oion
H
+

|
+
H < 1,0.10
-7
Trung tnh
Axit
Kie m

|
+
H =1,0.10
-7

|
+
H > 1,0.10
-7

II . KHAI NIEM VE pH. CHAT CH TH AXIT - BAZ.

HOAT ONG 4
GV e anh gia o axit
va o kiem neu dung
nong o ion H
+
th qua
nho ( tai sao can dung
en pH?). GV pH la g ?
GV ph dung e bieu th
cai g ?* ngha thc te:
- Cay lua pH = 5,50
6,5
- Cay ngo pH = 6,0
7,0
- Khoai tay pH = 5,0
5,5..
HS nghien cu SGK.

HS xem v du SGK tr
13.

HS xem them SGK
trang 15.
1. Khai niem ve pH.

|
+
H =1,0.10
-pH

M, trong
thc te neu gap pH =
1,0.10
-a
M th pH= a
* Thang pH co gia tr t 1
en 14.

HOAT ONG 5
GV co nhng cach nao
e xac nh pH?
GV Ngoai viec tnh toan
va da vao thc te ngi
ta con co nhieu cach e
xac nh gia tr pH cua
dung dch mot cach tng
oi.
- e xac nh chnh xac
phai dung en may o
pH.
GV van ap HS (da vao
SGK)
HS can c vao SGK.

HS s dung SGK tra
li.
2. Chat ch th axit -
baz.
Khai niem: Chat ch
th axit - baz la chat
co 2au bien oi phu
thuoc vao gia tr p
cuPa dung dch.
+ V du
* Quy t2
* !henolphtalein
* Chat ch th van
nang
*
.
+ Bien oi mau theo gia
tr pH
Quy o
pH = 6
Tm
pH=7
Xanh
pH K8
15
!henolphtalein pH < 8,3
Khong mau
pH K8,3
Hong
HOAT ONG 6
4/ CuPng co: Lam bai tap

Dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,005M co pH bang
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
Hay ch ra cau tra li sai ve pH.
A) pH = -lg
|
+
H B)
|
+
H = 10
-a
th pH= a
C) pH + pOH = 14 D)
|
+
H
|
-
OH = 10
- 14

5/ Bai tap ve nha: 3,4,5 SGK trang 14.

BAI
4
PHAN NG TRAO OI IONTRONG
DUNG DCH CHAT IEN LI

4
7
oang Van oan
24/ 9
/2007
26/ 9/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- HS hieu Ban chat va ieu kien xay ra cua phan ng trao oi ion trong
dung dch cac chat
ien li.
2. K nang:
- HS van dung c cac ieu kien xay ra phan ng trao oi ion trong dung
dch cac chat
ien li e lam ung bai tap l thuyet va bai tap thc nghiem.
- HS viet phng trnh ion ay u va phng trnh ion rut gon cua phan ng.
16

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Chuan b dung cu va hoa chat e lam cac th nghiem sau
Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+ 2NaCl
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
HCl + CH
3
COONa CH
3
COOH + NaCl
2HCl + Na
2
CO
3
2NaCl + CO
2
+ H
2
O

III/PHNG PHAP. at van e, trc quan, am thoai, phat van.

HOAT ONG 1:
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Bai tap 1 +2 SGK trang 14
b/ Bai tap 3+ 4 SGK trang 14
c/ Bai tap 5 + 6 SGK trang 14
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG

I. IEU KIEN XAY RA PHAN NG TRAO OI ION TRONG
DUNG DCH CAC CHAT IEN LI

HOAT ONG 2 1. Phan ng tao thanh chat ket tua.
GV hoac HS lam TN
+ Nho dd Na
2
SO
4
vao coc
ng dd BaCl
2
. quan sat,
ghi chep hien tng
GV CHO HS viet PT/P..
GV e tm hieu ban chat
cua p/
GV Gi y HS s dung
bang tnh tan e HS viet
phng trnh ion ay u
cua phan ng.
HS lam TN hoac
quan sat TN do GV
lam. HS ghi chep
hien tng.

HS s dung bang
tnh tan e HS viet
phng trnh ion ay
u cua phan ng.
Th nghie2:
- Nho dd Na
2
SO
4
vao coc
ng dd BaCl
2
co ket tua
trang.
* !hng trinh dang phan
tP:
Na
2
SO
4
+BaCl
2
BaSO
4
+2NaCl
Trang
** !hng trinh ion ay uP.
2Na
+
+
2-
4
SO + Ba
2+
+ 2Cl
-

BaSO
4
+ 2Na
+
2Cl
-

GV Loai bo cac ion giong
nhau 2 ve e c
phng trnh ion thu gon.
GV t phng trnh ion thu
gon.
Em co ket luan g?
+
+
+ KL ion Ba
2+
va ion SO
4
2-

la thuoc th cua nhau.

HS rut ra ket luan
*** !hng trinh ion thu gon.
Ba
2+
+
2-
4
SO BaSO
4

Ban chat:
+ Ch co ion Ba
2
va ion
2-
4
SO ket hp vi nhau tao
ket tuPa trang Ba$O
4
.
Bat ki dd nao cha ion
Ba
2
tron vi bat ki dd
nao cha ion $O
2-
4

eu
cho cung ket tuPa Ba$O
4
.

HOAT ONG 3 2. Phan ng tao thanh chat ien Ii yeu.
GV yeu cau HS oc SGK,
t o rut ra nhan xet
ve viec nghien cu
HS viet phng trnh
phan t, phng
trnh ion ay u va
a) Phan ng tao thanh
nc.
Th nghiem
17

GV ket ca cac baz t tan (
Mg(OH)
2
, Fe(OH)
2
.) vi
cac axit eu tao ra nc,
cho HS viet cac phan
ng nay, chu y cac
baz nay e nguyen
dang phan t.

GV hng dan HS thc
hien tng t

thu gon, t phng
trnh ion thu gon HS
t rut ra baPn chat
cac phaPn ng:

+ oi vi HCl +
NaOH
+ CH
3
COONa + HCl
!haPn ng:
* Phng trnh phan ng
dang phan t
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H
2
O
** Phng trnh ion thu gon
Do H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
(chat ien li
yeu)
Ban chat:
Do ket hp gia ion

vi ion O
-
tao nc la
chat ien li yeu.

b) Phan ng tao thanh axit
yeu.
Th nghiem
!haPn ng:
* CH
3
COONa+ HCl
CH
3
COOH + NaCl
** CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
CH
3
COOH
(axit
yeu)
HOAT ONG 4 3. Phan ng tao thanh chat kh.
GV lam th nghiem oi
vi CaCO
3
va HCl
Na
2
CO
3

Dd HCl

GV Gi y HS nghien cu
phan giai thch trong SGK.
HS quan sat, nhan
xet viet PTHH.
Th nghiem
!haPn ng:
* CaCO
3
+ 2HCl CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+H
2
O
** Ban au tan va phan li
manh
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-
Na
2
CO
3
2Na
+
+
2-
3
CO
Sau o H
+
+
2-
3
CO
-
3
HCO
H
+
+
-
3
HCO H
2
CO
3
Axit H
2
CO
3
khong ben, nen
H
2
CO
3
CO
2
+ H
2
O

GV hng dan HS viet

Rut gon
2H
+
+
2-
3
CO CO
2
+ H
2
O
***
CaCO
3
+2H
+
Ca
2+
+ CO
2
+H
2
O
HOAT ONG 5 II .KET LUAN
GV Cho HS thao luan ket
qua cac th nghiem tren
e rut ra ket luan.
HS thao luan ket
qua cac th nghiem
tren e rut ra ket
luan.
1. Phan ng xay ra trong
dung dch cac chat ien li
la phan ng gia cac ion.
2. Phan ng trao oi ion
trong dung dch cac chat
ien li ch xay ra khi cac
ion ket hp c vi nhau
tao thanh t nhat mot trong
cac chat sau
18
- chat ket tua.
- chat ien li yeu.
- chat kh.
HOAT ONG 6
4/ CuPng co: Lam bai tap 1, 2, 3, 4 SGK trang 20.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 5,6,7 trang 20.

BAI 5 &>N TA>!: AXIT, BAZ VA MUOI
PHAN NG TRAO OI ION TRONG DUNG
DCH CAC CHAT IEN LI
5
8
oang Van oan

01/10/2007
03/ 10 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- Cung co kien thc ve axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh, muoi tren c s
thuyet A- re ni-ut.
2. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang van dung ieu kien xay ra phan ng gia cac ion
trong dung dch cat
ien li.
- Ren luyen k nang viet phng trnh ion ay u va phng trnh ion rut
gon.
- Ren luyen k nang giai cac bai toan co lien quan en pH va moi
trng axit, trung tnh
hay kiem.

19
II/ CHUAN B. GV Hng dan HS chuan b trc noi dung bai 5 e en lp
tham gia thao luan.

III/PHNG PHAP. am thoai, phat van.

2/ Bai luyen tap:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS on tap ve
cac nh ngha va ren
luyen k nang viet
phng trnh ien li.
GV at cau hoi Em
hay nh ngha axit,
baz, hiroxit lng tnh,
muoi theo thuyet a re-
ni ut va cha bai tap
1 SGK trang 22.
HS on tap ve
cac nh ngha
va ren luyen k
nang viet phng
trnh ien li.
I. nh ngha axit, baz, hiroxit
lng tnh, 2uoi theo thuyet A-
re-ni -ut.

a) Cac nh ngha
b) Ap dung
Bai tap 1 $GK tr22.
a) K
2
S 2K
+
+ S
2
b) Na
2
HPO
4
2Na
+
+
2 -
4
HPO

2 -
4
HPO

+
H +
3 -
4
PO
c) NaH
2
PO
4

+
Na +
-
2 4
H PO

-
2 4
H PO

+
H +
2 -
4
HPO

2 -
4
HPO

+
H +
3 -
4
PO
d) Kieu baz:
Pb(OH)
2

2 +
Pb +
-
2OH
Kieu axit
Pb(OH)
2

+
2H +
2 -
2
PbO
e) HBrO

H
+
+ BrO
-

g) HF

H
+
+ F

h) HClO
4
H
+
+
-
4
Cl O

HOAT ONG 2
GV cho HS on tap ve
ieu kien xay ra phan
ng trao oi ion trong
dung dch cac chat ien
li.

HS van dung viet cac
dang phng trnh phan
t, ion ay u, ion thu
gon hoac t phng trnh
phan t, phng trnh ion
thu gon, nhan xet cac
phan ng.

HS on tap ve ieu
kien xay ra phan
ng trao oi ion trong
dung dch cac chat
ien li.

HS viet cac dang
phng trnh phan t,
ion ay u, ion thu
gon

hoac t

phng trnh phan t
2. ieu kien xaPy ra phaPn
ng trao oi ion trong dung
dch cac chat ien li.
a) Cac ieu kien
b) Ap dung
Bai tap 4 $GK tr22.
Cac phng trnh ion rut gon
a)
2 +
Ca +
2 -
3
CO CaCO
3

b)
2 +
Fe + 2
-
OH Fe(OH)
2

c)
-
3
HCO +
+
H CO
2
+ H
2
O
d)
-
3
HCO +
-
OH
2 -
3
CO + H
2
O
e) K
2
CO
3
+ NaCl khong co
phng trnh ion thu gon.
g)
20
Van dung lam cac bai
tap 4, 5, 6, 7 SGK trang 22
-23
viet phng trnh ion
thu gon, nhan xet
cac phan ng.

Pb(OH)
2
(r)+2
+
H
2 +
Pb +2H
2
O
h)
Pb(OH)
2
(r)+2
-
OH
2 -
2
PbO +2H
2
O
i)
2 +
Cu +
2 -
S CuS
Bai tap 5 $GK tr23. Cau C
Bai tap 6 $GK tr23. Cau B
Bai tap 7 $GK tr23.
Gi y
Cr(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Cr(OH)3+ 3NaNO3
(va u)
AlCl3 + 3KOH Al(OH)3 + 3KCl
(va u)
Ni(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Ni(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
HOAT ONG 3
GV gi y HS on lai kien
thc

. On tap ve p.
a) Kien thc can nh
- Tnh pH khi biet
|
+
H Cu the neu biet
|
+
H = 1,0.
- a
10 mol/lt th pH = a
Tc la
|
+
H = 1,0.
- pH
10 mol/lt
- Tnh pOH khi biet
|
-
OH Cu the neu biet
|
-
OH = 1,0.
- b
10 mol/lt th
p H = b
Tc la
|
-
OH = 1,0.
- pOH
10 mol/lt
- 25
0
C th
|
+
H .
|
-
OH = 1,0 .
- 14
10
- Theo toan hoc pH = - log
|
+
H ; pOH = - log
|
-
OH ; pH + pOH = 14
- Lien quan gia
|
+
H , pH va moi trng

GV hng dan HS giai
bai tap
HS van dung kien
thc giai bai tap.
b) Ap dung
Bai tap 2 $GK tr22.

|
+
H = 1,0. 10
-2
M th pH =2
V pH + pOH = 14 nen pOH
=12
Va v

|
-
OH = 1,0.
- pOH
10 mol/lt

|
-
OH = 1,0.10
-12
M
Bai tap 3 $GK tr22.
pH = 9,0 th
|
+
H = 1,0.10
- 9
va

|
-
OH = 1,0.10
- 5
M
HOAT ONG 5
4/ Bai tap ve nha: Xem bai hoc mi Bai 6 THC HANH ( SGK tran 24).

21

BAI 6 BAI TCC AN 1:
TNH AXIT - BAZ. PHAN NG TRAO OI
ION
TRONG DUNG DCH CAC CHAT IEN LI
5 9 oang Van oan 02 /10/2007 4/ 10/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
- HS nam cac quy tac an toan trong phong th nghiem hoa hoc.
- Cung co cac kien thc ve axit baz va ieu kien xay ra phan ng
trao oi ion trong
dung dch cac chat ien li.
2. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang s dung dung cu, hoa chat tien hanh thanh cong,
an toan cac th nghiem hoa hoc; Quan sat hien tng th nghiem, giai thch va
rut ra nhan xet; Viet phng trnh th nghiem.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Dung cu: - Mat knh ong ho - Ong nho giot
- ua thuy tinh
- Bot gia th nghiem - Th xuc hoa chat bang thuy tinh.
2. oa chat:
- Dung dch NH
3
- Dung dch HCl - Dung dch CH
3
COOH
- Dung dch NaOH - Dung dich CaCl
2
ac - Dung dch Na
2
CO
3

ac - Dundch phenolphtalein - Giay ch th pH (ch th van nang)
* Pha san cac dung dch tren va cho vao cac lo ng hoa chat theo tng
nhom thc hanh.
. eu cau $ on tap nhng kien thc co lien quan en th nghie2 ve
phaPn ng trao oi ion trong dung dch chat ien li.
22

III/PHNG PHAP. Nghien cu, chng minh, trc quan, am thoai.

2/ Bai thc hanh:

H$
NOI DUNG
I. NOI DUNG TH NGHIEM VA CACH TIEN HANH
HOAT ONG 1: Th nghie2 1. Tnh baz.
GV hng dan $ oc
k $GK trang 24 va la2
th nghie2

GV Gi y HS giai thch
tng trng hp oi
mau giay quy
( chat ien li 2anh,
yeu.).
HS lam th nghiem
HS chu y, can than
khi lam TN vi lng
nho dd cac hoa
chat.
1. HCl 0,1M
2. CH
3
COOH 0,1M
3. NaOH 0,1M
4. NH
3
0,1M
HS so sanh mau ch
th theo gia tr pH
SGK trang 14.
1. Cach tien hanh:
+ Lay ong nho giot hoac
ua thuy tinh nho mot giot
dd HCl 0,1M len manh giay
qu at trc tren tam knh
thuy tinh.
+ Lam cac TN tiep tng t
tiep theo vi cac dd
CH
3
COOH 0,1M; NaOH 0,1M,
NH
3
0,1M
2. Quan sat tng trng hp
vi mau chuan cua pH e
xac nh gan ung gia tr
pH dung dch.

HOAT ONG 2: Th nghie2 2. Phan ng trao oi ion trong dung dch
chat ien Ii
GVhng dan HS lam
th nghiem

Nho dd HCl vao cho en
mat mau hong
HS lam th nghiem

1. Cac th nghie2.

a) Nho 2 ml dd Na
2
CO
3
vao
ong nghiem ng san 2ml dd
CaCl
2
. Nhan xet hien tng
xay ra.

b) Hoa tan ket tua trang
th nghiem a) bang dd HCl.
Nhan xet cac hien tng
xay ra.

c) Cho vao ong nghiem 2 ml
dung dch NaOH loang sau o
nho vao vai got dung dch
phenolphtalein lac nhe va
nho t t tng giot dung
dch HCl vao cho en khi dung
dch chuyen het mau hong.

2. Quan sat, nhan xet, giaPi
thch cac hien tng va
viet cac phng trinh phaPn
ng(phan tP, ion thu gon).
HOAT ONG 3 II. VIET TNG TRNH TH NGHIEM
23
GV Tong ket, nhan xet
buoi th nghiem ( neu u,
nhc iem .) va
hng dan HS lam
bang tng trnh th
nghiem theo mau).

TEN BA THC HANH HOA HOC..
HOC K - NAM HOC 2007 2008
Thc hanh tiet....sang (chieu)
ngay..thang..nam 2007
Ho ten hoc
sinh.....................LP
11..
Noi dung
va cach
tien hanh
tng TN
Cac hien
tng quan
sat c
Giai thch tng hien
tng
Bang li Bang
phng trnh
hoa hoc.
......
......
.....
........
......
......
.......
.......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
.......
HOAT ONG 4
4/ Bai tap ve nha: Xem bai oc them trang 25 -26 va xem bai mi trang
27.

KIEM TRA 45 PHUT ( $O 1)
(Kiem tra chung)
Tuan Tiet Ngi soan Ngay soanNgay kiem tra Day Ip
6 10 oang Van oan 08 /10/2007 5/11/10/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
I - Muc tieu bai hoc:
1. Kien thc:Hoc sinh hieu nam c Kien thc c ban ve s ien li,
chat ien li, phan ng trao oi ion trong dung dch cac chat ien li, pH cua dung
dch.
2 .Ky nang: Hieu va biet giai cac bai toan ve nong o, tnh pH, viet
phng trnh ien li.
II - Chuan b o dung day hoc: Bai soan kiem tra tac nghiem.

$ GD - T Tnh GiaIai E KIEM TRA 1TIET
Trng THPT BC Phan Boi Chau Mon: Hoa Ip 11
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Ho ten hoc sinh...............
Lp 11B..
Noi dung e so: 101

A. PHAN TRAC NGHIEM: ( 5 iem).
Cau 1 Phan ng nao sau ay khong xay ra ?
A. MaOH + KCl B. NaOH + HCl C. NaOH + Zn(OH)
2
D. NaOH + CuSO
4

Cau 2 Mot dung dch co [H
+
] = 10
-9
M. Moi trng cua dung dch nay la
24
A. trung tnh B. Axit C. Baz D. Khong xac nh
c
Cau 3 Cho mau giay qu tm vao 100ml dung dch KOH 1,0M, thay giay qu tm hoa
xanh. Cho tiep vao dung dch tren 100 ml dung dch HNO
3
1,0M, giay qu trong dung
dch se chuyen sang mau g?
A. Hong B. Tm C. Khong oi mau D. o
Cau 4 Chat nao sau ay khong dan ien ?
A. KOH nong chay B. Dung dch HCl C. NaCl ran, khan D. Dung dch
KOH
Cau 5 Phan ng xay ra gia cac cap chat nao sau ay khong phai la phan
ng trao oi ion?
A. KBr + H
2
SO
4 ac nong
B. HCl + AgNO
3
C. FeS + HCl D. Ba(OH)
2
+
Na
2
SO
4

Cau 6 oi vi dung dch baz manh NaOH 0,1M neu bo qua s ien li cua nc
th anh gia nao ve nong o mol sau ay la ung?
A.[OH
-
] < 1,0 M B.[OH
-
] > 1,0 M C. [OH
-
] < [Na
+
] D. [OH
-
] = 1,0 M
Cau 7 Mot dung dch lam qu tm hoa xanh, dung dch o co
A.[H
+
] = 1,0.10
-7
B. [H
+
] > 1,0.10
-7

C. Khong xac nh c D. [H
+
] < 1,0.10
-7

Cau 8 Ba(NO
3
)
2
la chat ien li manh. Nong o mol/l cua ion
-
3
NO trong 100ml dung
dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,005 mol la
A. 0,005M B. 0,1M C. 0,25M D. 0,05M
Cau 9 oi vi dung dch axit yeu CH
3
COOH 0,050M, neu bo qua s ien li cua
nc th anh gia nao ve nong o mol ion sau ay la ung ?
A.[H
+
] < 0,050 M B. [H
+
] < [CH
3
COO
-
]
C.[H
+
] = 0,050 M D. [H
+
] > [CH
3
COO
-
]
Cau 10 Trong dung dch NaOH 0,010M, tch so ion cua nc la
A.[H
+
][OH
-
] < 1,0.10
-14
B. [H
+
][OH
-
] > 1,0.10
-14

C. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-14
D. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-7

B. PHAN T LUAN: ( 5 iem)
Cau 1: ( 2iem)
Viet phng trnh phan t va phng trnh ion rut gon cua cac phan ng
xay ra trong dung dch gia cac cap chat sau
a/ Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2

b/ Pb(OH)
2 (r)
+ NaOH
Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Trong 50 ml dung dch A co cha 0,005 mol HCl.
a/ Tnh pH cua dung dch A.
b/ Tron 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,120 M vao dung dc A noi tren. Tnh pH cua
dung dch sau khi tron?

$ GD - T Tnh GiaIai E KIEM TRA
1TIET
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Lp 11B..

Noi dung e so: 102
25
3
A. Hong B. Khong oi mau C. Tm D. o
A.[H
+
] = 1,0.10
-7
B. Khong xac nh c
C. [H
+
] < 1,0.10
-7
D. [H
+
] > 1,0.10
-7

Cau 3 Chat nao sau ay khong dan ien c?
A. KOH nong chay B. Dung dch KOH C. Dung dch KOH D. NaCl ran,
khan
A.NaOH + Zn(OH)
2
B. NaOH + CuSO
4
C. NaOH + KCl D. NaOH + HCl
+
] = 10
-9
A. Khong xac nh c B. Baz C. Trung tnh D. Axit
Cau 6 Cau 10 Trong dung dch NaOH 0,010M, tch so ion cua nc la
A.[H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-14
B. [H
+
][OH
-
] < 1,0.10
-14

C. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-7
D. [H
+
][OH
-
] > 1,0.10
-7

Cau 7 Ba(NO
3
)
2
-
3
NO trong 100ml dung
dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,005 mol la
A. 0,1M B. 0,005M C. 0,25M D. 0,05M
ng trao oi ion?
A. KBr + H
2
SO
4 ac nong
B. HCl + AgNO
3
C. FeS + HCl D. Ba(OH)
2
+
Na
2
SO
4

Cau 9 Cau 6 oi vi dung dch baz manh NaOH 0,1M neu bo qua s ien li
cua nc th anh gia nao ve nong o mol sau ay la ung?
A.[OH
-
] < 1,0 M B. [OH
-
] < [Na
+
] C.[OH
-
] = 1,0 M D. [OH
-
] > 1,0 M

3
A.[H
+
] < [CH
3
COO
-
] B. [H
+
] < 0,050 M
C.[H
+
] > [CH
3
COO
-
] D. [H
+
] = 0,050 M
Cau 1: ( 2iem)
a/ Na
2
CO
3
+ MgCl
2

b/ Zn(OH)
2 (r)
+ KOH
Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Trong 50 ml dung dch A co cha 0,005 mol NaOH.
b/ Tron 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,120 M vao dung dc A noi tren. Tnh pH cua

1TIET
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Lp 11B..
Noi dung e so: 103

26
A.OH
-
] < [Na
+
] B.[OH
-
] =1,0 M C.[OH
-
] < 1,0 M [D. [OH
-
] = 1,0 M
A. NaOH + Zn(OH)
2
B. NaOH + KCl C. NaOH + HCl D. NaOH + CuSO
4

Cau 3 Ba(NO
3
)
2
-
3
NO trong 100ml dung
dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,005 mol la
A. 0,25M B. 0,005M C. 0,1M D. 0,05M
+
] = 10
-9
A. Axit B. Baz C.Trung tnh D. Khong xac
nh c
3
A.[H
+
] = 0,050 M B. [H
+
] < 0,050 M
C.[H
+
] < [CH
3
COO
-
] D. [H
+
] > [CH
3
COO
-
]
ng trao oi ion?
A.Ba(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
B. HCl + AgNO
3
C. FeS + HCl D. KBr + H
2
SO
4 ac
nong

3
A. Khong oi mau B. Tm C. o D. Hong
A.[H
+
][OH
-
] > 1,0.10
-14
B. [H
+
][OH
-
] < 1,0.10
-14

C. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-7
D. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-14

A.[H
+
] < 1,0.10
-7
B. [H
+
] > 1,0.10
-7

C. Khong xac nh c D. [H
+
] = 1,0.10
-7

A. NaCl ran, khan B. Dung dch KOHC. KOH nong chay D. Dung
dch HCl

Cau 1: ( 2iem)
a/ Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2

b/ Pb(OH)
2 (r)
+ NaOH
Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Trong 50 ml dung dch A co cha 0,005 mol HCl.
b/ Tron 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,120 M vao dung dc A noi tren. Tnh pH cua

1TIET
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Lp 11B..
27
Noi dung e so: 104

Cau 1 Ba(NO
3
)
2
-
3
NO trong 100ml dung
dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,005 mol la
A. 0,005M B. 0,25M C. 0,05M D. 0,1M
3
A.[H
+
] < 0,050 M B. [H
+
] < [CH
3
COO
-
]
C.[H
+
] > [CH
3
COO
-
] D.[H
+
] = 0,050 M
A.[H
+
][OH
-
] < 1,0.10
-14
B. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-7

C. [H
+
][OH
-
] >1,0.10
-14
D. [H
+
][OH
-
] = 1,0.10
-14

+
] = 10
-9
A. Trung tnh B. Axit C. Khong xac nh c D. Baz
A. NaOH + CuSO
4
B. NaOH + HCl C. NaOH + KCl D. NaOH + Zn(OH)
2

3
A. o B. Hong C. Khong oi mau D.Tm

A. NaCl ran, khan B. Dung dch KOH C. KOH nong chay D.Dung dch
HCl
A.[H
+
] < 1,0.10
-7
B. Khong xac nh c
C.[H
+
] > 1,0.10
-7
D. [H
+
] = 1,0.10
-7

A.[OH
-
] =1,0 M B.[OH
-
] < [Na
+
] C.[OH
-
] <1,0 M D. [OH
-
] > 1,0 M
Cau 10 Phan ng xay ra gia cac cap chat nao sau ay khong phai la
phan ng trao oi ion?
A.HCl + AgNO
3
B. KBr + H
2
SO
4 ac nong
C. Ba(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
D. FeS + HCl

Cau 1: ( 2iem)
a/ Na
2
CO
3
+ MgCl
2

b/ Zn(OH)
2 (r)
+ KOH
Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Trong 50 ml dung dch A co cha 0,005 mol NaOH.
b/ Tron 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,120 M vao dung dc A noi tren. Tnh pH cua

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

AP AN:
28
A. PHAN TRAC NGHIEM:
E 101
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A A C B C A D D B A C

E 102
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A C C D D B A A A C B

E 103
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A B B C B B D B D A A

E 104
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A D A D D C D A A A B

B- PHAN T LUAN:
E 1 VA 3:
Cau 1:
a/ Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2
CaCO
3
+ 2NaCl
Ca
2+
+
2
3
CO

CaCO
3

0,5
0,5
b/ Pb (OH)
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
PbO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Pb (OH)
2
+ 2OH
-

2
2
PbO

+ 2H
2
O
0,5
0,5

Cau 2:
a/ HCl H
+
+ Cl
-
[H
+
] = [HCl] =
0,0050
0.1(M)
0.05

pH = 1

0,5

0,5
b/
NaOH
n = 0,12 x0,05 = 0,006 (mol)
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
0,006 0,005
NaOH d 0,001 (mol)
NaOH Na
+
+ OH
-
[OH
-
] = [NaOH] =
0,001
0,01 M
0,1

pOH = 2 pH = 12
0,5

0,5

0,25
0,25
0,5

0,5
E 2 VA 4:
Cau 1:
a/ 2NaOH + MgCl
2
Mg(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
2OH
-
+ Mg
2+
Mg(OH)
2

0,5

0,5
b/ Zn(OH)
2
+ 2KOH K
2
ZnO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2OH
-

2
2
ZnO

+ 2H
2
O
0,5

0,5
Cau 2:
a/ NaOH Na
+
+ OH
-
[OH
-
] = [NaOH] =
0,005
0,1 M
0,05

0,5

0,5
29
pOH = 1 pH = 13

b/
NaOH
n = 0,12 x0,05 = 0,006 (mol)
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O
0,005 0,006
HCl d 0,001 (mol)
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-
[H
+
] = [HCl] =
0,001
0,01 M
0,1

pH
= 2

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

BAI 7
CHNG 2: NIT - PHOTPHO
( 8 LY THUYET + 2 LUYEN TAP + 1 THC HANH = 11 TIET)
NIT

6
11
oang Van oan

08/10/2007
10/ 10
/2007
11(Ch/tr chuan)
I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR 35X38).
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet V tr nguyen to N, cau hnh electron cua nguyen t nit va ac
iem cau tao
cua phan t nit.
- $ hieu: Tnh chat hoa hoc, ng dung cua nit va ieu che nit.
2. K nang:
- Viet cau hnh electron, cong thc cau tao phan t.
- D oan tnh chat hoa hoc cua nit, viet PTHH e minh hoa.
- oc, tom tat thong tin ve tnh chat vat l, ng dung va ieu che nit.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV - Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
- He thong cau hoi e HS hoat ong.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1: I. V TR VA CAU HNH ELECTRON NGUYEN T

GV
GV neu cau hoi
- Nit chiem v tr nao
- Nhom HS lam
viec, thao luan va
* O 7, CK 2, nhom VA.
* Cau hnh1s
2
2s
2
2p
3

? ?
30
trong bang tuan hoan?
viet cau hnh electron cua
nguyen t nit, cong thc
cau tao phan t nit va
nhan xet ve ac iem
lien ket gia hai nguyen
t nit.

GV quan sat, lang nghe va
anh gia ket luan.
ai dien bao cao
ket qua. Nhom
khac bo sung va
hoan thien y kien
nh trong SGK.
/C:
* O 7, CK 2, nhom
VA.
* Cau hnh1s
2
2s
2
2p
3

* CTCT ( theo quy tac
bat t
N N

va NN
* Gia hai nguyen
t cha mot lien
ket ba.
* CTCT ( theo quy tac bat t
)
N N

va NN
hoac
N N

* CTPT N
2
( phan t gom 2
nguyen
t)
* Gia hai nguyen t cha
mot lien ket ba.

* Ba eletron 2p (2p
3
) co thea
tao c ba lien ket cong
hoa tr vi nguyen t cua
nguyen to khac.

II. TNH CHAT VAT L
HOAT ONG 2
GV neu cau hoi
* Nit co nhng tnh chat
vat l nao?

HS t oc SGK nh
lai kien thc cu va
tra li cau hoi.
Y/C neu c
- Trang thai, mau
sac, mui v, t
khoi, nhiet o soi,
tnh tan, duy tr s
chay va s ho hap
cua ngi va ong
vat.
* Hoa long -196
0
C
* SGK.

III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
HOAT ONG 3
GV Da vao ac iem
cau tao nguyen t va
cua phan t nit. Hay d
oan tnh chat hoa hoc
cua nit ?
+ Hay cho biet nit co tnh
chat hoa hoc c ban
nao?. Giai thch ?
+ Kha nang hoat ong
cua n chat nit nh the
nao ? Hay da vao cau
tao phan t e giai thch.

* HS oc noi dung
SGK tm cac phan
ng hoa hoc e
minh hoa.

* HS oc SGK va
neu cac th du
chng to

a) Nit the hien
tnh oxi hoa.
b) Nit the hien
tnh kh.

Giai thch, viet cac
PTHH va ghi ro
1. Tnh oxi hoa.
a) Tac dung vi ki2 loai.
+ Vi kim loai hoat ong va
nhiet o cao
V du vi Mg, Ca, A.
3Mg +
0
2 N
0
t
-3
3 2
Mg N
Magie nitrua
.
b) Tac dung vi hiro.
+ Tac dung trc tiep t
0
,
ap suat cao va co xuc
tac kh amoniac
0
2 N + 3H
2
0
, t p
xt

2
-3
3
NH
Trong cac hp chat vi
ki2 loai va hiro nit co
so oxi hoa giaP2
0 -3
N N,
31

GV a bai tap cung co
phan tnh chat hoa hoc.
* Nit phan ng vi tat ca
cac chat trong day nao
di ay ?
A) H
2
, Li, O
2
, Cu
B) H
2
, Li, O
2
, Ag
C) H
2
, Li, O
2
, Mg*
D) H
2
, Li, O
2
, Hg
Chon cau tra li ung
va viet PTHH cho moi
phan ng o.
ieu kien, neu co.
* HS ket luan ve
tnh chat hoa hoc
cua nit.
nit the hien tnh oxi hoa.
2. Tnh kh.
nhiet 3000
0
C ( Hoac
nhiet o cua tia ho quang
ien) nit tac dung trc tiep
vi oxi tao kh mono oxit NO.
0
2 N + O
2

0
t C

2
+2
NO(khong
mau)
So oxi hoa cua nit tang,
vay nit the hien tnh kh.
Kh NO khong ben, nen
trong khong kh ngay lap
tc
+2
NO + O
2

+4
2
2NO ( nau
o)

GV bo sung mot so chu
y
ot so chu y:
a) Nit co the co cac so oxi hoa la -3, 0, +1, +2,
+3, +4, +5. Cu the N trong
-3
3 2
Mg N .,
-3
3
NH ,
0
2 N ,
+2
NO
+1
2 N O,
+3
2
3
N O ,
+4
2
NO ,
+5
2
5
N O .
Oxit khong tao trc tiep t N
2
va O
2

+1
2 N O,
+3
2
3
N O ,
+5
2
5
N O .
b) Cac hp chat lien ket ion (KLKT + KLK) vi nit
( v co hieu o AK1,7) con cac hp chat ( H
va O) vi nit co lien CHT.
c) Phan ng
0
2 N + 3H
2
0
, t p
xt

2
-3
3
NH xay ra kho
khan, thuan nghch.

HOAT ONG 4

GV neu cau hoi
1. Nit co ng dung g?

2. Nit ton tai trong t nhien
di dang nao?

3. Nit c ieu che bang
phng phap nao?
a) Trong cong nghiep?

b) Trong phong th nghiem?

HS lien he thc te
va da vao SGK
e tra li cau hoi
cua GV.

HS viet cac phan
ng.
IV- NG DUNG
* Thanh phan dinh dng
chnh cua thc vat.
* Nit dung trong cong
nghiep san xuat NH
3
t
o e san xuat axit nitric,
phan am.
* Luyen kim, thc pham,
ien t.
- lam moi trng tr, nit
long lam bao quan mau
va mau sinh hoc khac.
V. TRANG THAI T
NHIEN
($GK TRANG 30)
VI. IEU CHE.
1. Trong cong nghiep.
Chng cat phan oan
32

GV neu tom tat va bo
sung.
khong kh hoa long.
2. Trong phong th
nghiem.
a) un nhe dung dch
bao hoa amoni nitrit
NH
4
NO
2
.
NH
4
NO
2

0
t
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
b) un nong dung dch
bao hoa cua hai
muoi.
NH
4
Cl + NaNO
2
0
t
N
2
+ NaCl +

2H
2
O
HOAT ONG 7
4/ CuPng co: Lam bai tap 1,2 $GK trang 31
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 3,4,5 SGK trang 31.

BAI 8

AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI
Tuan Tiet1/2 Ngi soan Ngay soan Ngay Ien I Day Ip
6
12
oang Van oan
06/
10/2007
08/10/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- ac iem cau tao cua phan t amoniac; tnh chat vat l; tnh chat hoa
hoc cua amoniac
tnh baz yeu, tnh kh; ng dung va phng phap ieu che amoniac trong
PTN va trong
CN.
- Thanh phan phan t, tnh chat vat l ca muoi amoni; tnh chat hoa hoc
cua muoi amoni
tac dung vi dung dch kiem va phan ng nhiet phan; ng dung cua
muoi amoni.
2. K nang:
- Da vao trang thai cua N trong phan t NH
3
e d oan tnh kh cua
NH
3
.
- Quan sat cac th nghiem hoac tm cac th du e kiem tra nhng d oan
va ket luan ve
tnh chat cua NH
3
, muoi amoni.
- oc tom tat ve thong tin va ng dung cua quan trong cua NH
3
va
phng phap ieu che
NH
3
.
- Phan biet muoi amoni, dung dch NH
3
.

3. Tnh cam thai o: Biet nguyen nhan gay o nhiem moi trng cua viec
san xuat NH
3
, HNO
3
va co y thc bao ve moi trng.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Th nghiem ve s hoa tan cua NH
3
trong nc ( xem hnh 2.3 SGK trang32)
- Chau thuy tinh ng nc.
- Lo ng kh NH
3
ieu che san ( bnh ng phai that kho, ay nut cao
su that k) vi nut cao su co ong thuy tinh vuot nhon (thong) xuyen qua.
33
N H
H
H
2. Th nghiem nghien cu tnh baz cua NH
3
.
- Giay quy tm
- Dung dch AlCl
3
va dung dch NH
3

- Dung dch HCl ac, dung dch H
2
SO
4
va dung dch NH
3
.
3. Th nghiem ieu che NH
3
t NH
4
Cl va Ca(OH)
2
ran.
4. Th nghiem tac dung cua muoi amoni vi dung dch kiem.
- 2 ong nghiem, 1 ong nho giot, muoi amoni vi dung dch kiem.
5. Th nghiem Nhiet phan muoi amoni;
- 1 gia ong nghiem, 1 en con, tha lay hoa chat, 1 ong nghiem ng
NH
4
Cl.
6. He thong cau hoi
- Cac cau hoi e HS xay dng kien thc mi.
- Cac cau hoi cung co sau moi phan hoac toan bai.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:
A. AMONIAC
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV yeu cau HS viet cong
thc electron cuaNH
3
, cong
thc cau tao cua NH
3
.
GV quan sat s o cau tao
cua NH
3
( theo hnh 2.2 SGK
tr43) e rut ra ket luan

N
H
H
H
3

GV Do cau tao khong oi
xng, nen phan t NH
3

phan cc. ( N d ien tch
am, cac NT (H) d ien tch
dng).
H

0,102nm
N
H
H
H
H
107
0

* Mo ta s hnh thanh
phan t amoniac ( da
va cau tao NT nit va
NT hiro).
* Viet CT electron, CT
cau tao va cong thc
phan t amoniac.
I. CAU TAO PHAN T.
CT
electro
n
CT
cau
tao
CT
phan
t
H
H
H
N

NH
3

* Y/C HS neu c
- NT (N) lien ket ba
nguyen t H bang ba
lien ket cong hoa
tr co cc.
- NT (N) con co mot
cap eletron hoa tr
nen co the tham gia
lien ket vi cac
nguyen t khac.
- Nit co so oxi hoa
thap nhat 3.
Ket luan:
* Nguyen t nit lien ket
vi ba nguyen t hiro
bang ba lien ket cong
hoa tr co cc.
* NT(N) con cap (e) ngoai
cung cha tham gia lien
ket.
* Nit co so oxi hoa thap
nhat
HOAT ONG 2
34
Gv Tren c s $GK va mau
kh NH
3
.
GVhoi ve mau sac, trang
thai, mui, t khoi so
khong kh, tnh tan cua NH
3
(
hnh 2.3 sgk tr 32) e rut ra
nhan xet
* Cho HS quan sat mau kh
NH
3.
* GV lam TN hoi HS ve
cach thu kh NH
3.

* GV lam

TN ve tnh tan
cua NH
3
( chuan b trc)

a/ b/
GV thong bao the2: Ve
nong o dd NH
3
trong PTN.
HS quan sat bnh ng
kh NH
3
vada vao
SGK cho biet mot so
tnh chat vat l quan
trong cua NH
3
.
_ HS quan sat va
nhan xet TN.

_ HS quan sat va
nhan xet TN. Giai
thch cac hien tng
quan sat c.
II. TNH CHAT VAT L.
* Amoniac kbt la chat
kh khong mau, mui khai,
nhe hn khong kh va tan
nhieu trong nc tao dung
dch kiem yeu.
* V
3
/
17
0, 59 1
29
NH kk
d = = ,
nen thu kh NH
3
bang cach
ay khong kh.

P% dd H
3
am ac
nhat ch at 25%
(D = 0,91g/cm
3
).
HOAT ONG 3
GV (H'D' tr44).
GV yeu cau HS nhac lai
TN ve tnh tan cua NH
3

trong nc, quan niem baz
theo thuyet A re-ni- ut.
GV hng dan HS giai
thch hien tng, viet
PTHH, chu y
* HS thao luan theo
nhom cac cau hoi
cua GV.

* HS nhac lai TN ve
tnh tan cua NH
3
trong
nc, quan niem baz
theo thuyet A re-ni-
ut.
1. Tnh baz yeu.
a/ %ac dung vi nc.
NH
3
+ H
2
O

+
4
NH +
-
OH
* Dung dch chuyen giay qu
thanh xanh, phenolphtalein
sang mau hong.

phan qngs thuan nghch.

GV thong bao %hc
nghiem a xac nh:
khong co phan t H
4
OH
ma ch co
+
4
NH , OH
-
va
H
3
trong dd do p/ (

).
HS giai thch hien
tng, viet PTHH,
chu y phan qngs
thuan nghch.
* on
-
OH c tao ra rat t so vi
dd NaOH cung nong o. H
3
la
mot baz yeu.
* Giay qu aam ea nhan biet
amoniac.
GV bieu dien th nghiem
- dd NH
3
vi cac dd muoi
MgSO
4
, AlCl
3
, FeCl
3
,.
GV nhan xet: DD N
co
the t/d vi dd 2uoi cuaP
nhieu K tao thanh
hiroxit khong tan cuPa K
o.
Chu y khong lay VD vi
cac muoi cha Cu
2+
, Zn
2+
,
Ag
+
,.v p/ tao phc tan.
HS quan sat TN
hoac t lam TN
va da vao SGK
viet PTHH.
b/ Tac dung vi dung dch
2uoi
V du

AlCl3 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
Al
3+
+3NH3+3H2OAl(OH)3+ 3
+
4
NH

MgSO4+2NH3+ 2H2OMg(OH)2 +(NH4)2SO4
Mg
2+
+2NH3+2H2OMg(OH)2+ 2
+
4
NH
GV lam TN theo hnh 2.4 HS quan sat TN va
da vao SGK e
c) Tac dung vi axit.
35
hoac theo cach sau ay.

( (Nhung 2 que ua vao 2 dd roi e
sat vao nhau)
GV bo sung vi cac axit
khac, NH
3
cung co p/
tng t.
GV nhan xet: N
tac
vi axit tao thanh 2uoi
a2oni.
- Viet PTHH nh
SGK.
- GT tai sao co
"khoi?

HS viet cac phan
ng vi cac axit
khac.

NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
Muoi amoni
clorua
2NH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
( NH
4
)
2
SO
4

Muoi amoni
sunfat

.
GV neu cau hoi
- Hay cho biet so oxi hoa
cua nit trog NH
3
va d
oan NH
3
co kha nang
the hien tnh oxi hoa hay
tnh kh?
GV lam th nghiem nh
hnh 2.4 SGK tr 34.
a)
b)
GV cho HS oc SGK
GV giai thch " khoi trang
* Do NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
* HCl trong kk tan manh vao
(hi) nc.
HS quan sat hien
tng, cho biet
chat tao thanh khi
ot chay NH
3
, giai
thch viet PTHH.
Nhan xet ve s
thay oi so oxi hoa
cua nit.
HS oc SGK va rut
ra ket luan
Viet PTHH, nhan
xet va cho biet
san pham cua
phan ng.
Nhan xet: Khi t/d
vi cac chat oxi
hoa nh oxi, clo.
so oxi hoa cuPa N
trong N
tang
Vay N
la chat
khP.
2. Tnh kh.
a) %ac dung vi oxi.
Chay cho ngon la mau
vang.
4NH
3
+ 3O
2
2N
2
+6H
2
O + Q
t
0
-3
0
0 -2

b) %ac dung vi clo.
+ Chay tao ra ngon la co
"khoi trang.
2NH
3
+ 5Cl
2
N
2
+6HCl + Q
-3
0 0
-1

Ket luan N
co tnh chat
hoa hoc c baPn la tnh baz
yeu va tnh khP.

HOAT ONG 4
GV cho HS t oc SGK rut
ra mot so ng dung cua
NH
3
hieu c cac ng
dung nay da vao t/c hoa
hoc cua NH
3
.

HS t oc SGK. IV. NG DUNG.
- NH
3
la nguon nguyen lieu
san xuat phan am, axit nitric.
HOAT ONG 5
GV at van e NH
3
c
ieu che bang phng
phap nao trong PTN va
trong CN ?

* Trong PTN ieu che NH
3
nh the nao?
HS oc SGK va ve
hnh 2.5 SGK trang
35.
V. IEU CHE.
1. Trong phong th nghie2.
a/ Cho muoi amoni tac dung
vi kiem nong.
2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2
t
t C
2NH3+CaCl2 +2H2O

36

* Tai sao phai thu NH
3

bang bnh up ngc? ma
khong bang cach ay
nc?
* NH
3
thu c thng co
lan chat nao? lam the
nao e tinh che NH
3
? Tai
sao khong dung H
2
SO
4

hoac P
2
O
5
e lam kho
kh NH
3
?

b/ un nong dung dch amoniac
am ac.
GV Phan ng tong hp
NH
3
trc tiep t N
2
va H
2

thuoc loai p/ g?
Muon tang hieu suat p/
ta phai la the nao?
GV gi y: ay la phan
ng thuan nghch va la
p/ ng gia cac chat
kh, can lu y so mol kh 2
ve cua p/, phan ng
toa nhiet va phan ng
can co xuc tac.
GV Phan tch k cach la
chon cac ieu kien t
o a ra ieu kien thch
hp.
GV tai sao phai s dung
chu trnh kn va tan dung
nhiet cua p/?
- GV bo sung ve bien
phap chong o nhiem
moi trng trong qua trnh
san xuat NH
3
.
HS oc SGK, tra
li mot so cau
hoi cua GV va
tom tat qua trnh
ieu che NH
3
trong
CN

Y/C HS ap dung
nguyen l L Sa t-
li- e (hoc lp 10)
e neu len cach
lam cho can bang
chuyen dch ve
pha tao thanh NH
3

nhieu hn.

* Nguyen lieu chnh N
2
va H
2
.
* Nguyen tac

0
2 3 2
450-500 C
200-300atm
2 2 3
xtAl O +K O
2N +3H 2NH
7H= -92KJ
* Bien phap
- Phan ng thuan
nghch, ap dung nguyen
l L Sa t- li- e e
phan ng tao ra nhieu
NH
3
, ieu kien thch hp
nhat la
- S dung chu trnh kn va
tan dung nhiet cua
phan ng.
- - Ap suat 200 300atm
- Nhiet o 450 500
0
C
- Xuc tac Bot Fe + hon
hp
Al
2
O
3
va K
2
O.
Hoat ong 6 4/ CuPng co: Lam bai tap 2 SGK trang 37- 38.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: Bai 1, 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 37 - 38.

BAI 8
(B)

AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI
Tuan Tiet 2/2 Ngi soan Ngay soan Ngay Ien I Day Ip
7
13
oang Van oan
12/10
/2007
16/ 10 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- ac iem cau tao cua phan t amoniac; tnh chat vat l; tnh chat hoa
hoc cua amoniac
tnh baz yeu, tnh kh; ng dung va phng phap /che amoniac trong PTN
va trong CN.
37
- Thanh phan phan t, tnh chat vat l cua muoi amoni; tnh chat hoa hoc
cua muoi amoni
tac dung vi dung dch kiem va phan ng nhiet phan; ng dung cua
muoi amoni.
2. K nang:
- Da vao trang thai cua N trong phan t NH
3
e d oan tnh kh cua
NH
3
.
- Quan sat cac th nghiem hoac tm cac th du e kiem tra nhng d oan
va ket luan ve
tnh chat cua NH
3
, muoi amoni.
- oc tom tat ve thong tin va ng dung cua quan trong cua NH
3
va
phng phap ieu che
NH
3
.
- Phan biet muoi amoni, dung dch NH
3
.
3. Tnh cam thai o: Biet nguyen nhan gay o nhiem moi trng cua viec
san xuat NH
3
, HNO
3
va co y thc bao ve moi trng.

II/ CHUAN B.
2. Th nghiem ve s hoa tan cua NH
3
trong nc ( xem hnh 2.3 SGK trang32)
- Chau thuy tinh ng nc.
- Lo ng kh NH
3
ieu che san ( bnh ng phai that kho, ay nut cao su
that k) vi nut cao su co ong thuy tinh vuot nhon (thong) xuyen qua.
2. Th nghiem nghien cu tnh baz cua NH
3
.
- Giay quy tm
- Dung dch AlCl
3
va dung dch NH
3

- Dung dch HCl ac, dung dch H
2
SO
4
va dung dch NH
3
.
5. Th nghiem ieu che NH
3
t NH
4
Cl va Ca(OH)
2
ran.
6. Th nghiem tac dung cua muoi amoni vi dung dch kiem.
- 2 ong nghiem, 1 ong nho giot, muoi amoni vi dung dch kiem.
5. Th nghiem Nhiet phan muoi amoni;
- 1 gia ong nghiem, 1 en con, tha lay hoa chat, 1 ong nghiem ng
NH
4
Cl.
7. He thong cau hoi
- Cac cau hoi e HS xay dng kien thc mi.
- Cac cau hoi cung co sau moi phan hoac toan bai.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a) Trnh bay tnh chat hoa hoc cua NH
3
. V sao dd NH
3
co tnh baz yeu, NH
3

ch la c/kh.
b) Bai tap Cho vao bnh kn 0,2 mol N
2
, va 0,8 mol H
2
vi xuc tac thch
hp sau mot thi gian thay tao ra 0,3 mol NH
3
. Hieu suat cua phan
ng la
A) 56,25% B) 75% C) 75,8% C) 80%
/ oc bai 2i:
HOAT ONG 7. B. MUOI AMONI
GV hay viet CTPT cua mot
so muoi amoni. GV gi y
viet tong quat (NH
4
)
n
X
GV Muoi amoni co nhng
tnh chat vat l va tnh hoa
hoc nao ? Nhng tnh chat
HS quan sat mot
so muoi amoni,
viet CT cac
muoi, cho biet
trang thai, mau
sac cua mot so
muoi amoni, tnh
La muoi ma phan t gom
cation amoni
4
NH ket hp vi
anion goc axit.
I. TNH CHAT VAT L. ($GK)
- Muoi amoni la nhng hp
chat tinh the ion, tan nhieu
trong nc, khi tan ien li
38
nao giong va khac vi
muoi a hoc?
GV cho HS quan sat mot so
muoi amoni a chuan b
san. Hoa tan vao nc,
th moi trng dung dch.
Phan ng co xay ra
khong? v sao? ( co kh
thoat ra).
GV lam TN dd muoi amoni +
dd kiem va th kh thoat ra
bang quy tm t hoac co
mui khai thoat ra.
+ Tai sao noi ion
+
4
NH la
mot axit?
GV cho cac v du khac..
GV lam TN ( nh hnh 2.6
SGK tr 36) .

Khi NH
3

HCl

NH4Cl

NH4Cl

Tam knh
va

GV giai thch s tai tao
NH
4
Cl la chat ran, trang
nhiet o thap va khang
nh, phan ng
NH
4
Cl(r)
0
t C
NH
3
(k) +
HCl(k)
Con goi la s thang hoa
hoa hoc.
Muoi NH
4
HCO
3
con dung
lam banh xop.
tan, nhan xet
V du NH
4
Cl,
NH
4
NO
3
,(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.

HS quan sat, gai
thch viet phan
ng.

HS viet phan
ng dang phan
t va ion thu gon.

HS quan sat, mo
ta TN

Hoac TN.

hoan toan thanh cac ion,
chung la chat ien li manh,
ion NH
4
+
khong mau.
I. TNH CHAT HOA HOC.
1/ %ac dung vi dung dch
kiem.
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+2NaOH
0
t C
2NH
3
+ Na
2
SO
4
+ 2H
2
O.
+
4
NH +
-
OH NH
3
+ H
2
O
on
+
4
NH la mot axit, phan
ng nay dung e nhan
biet muoi amoni.
Vay, dd muoi amoni phan
ng vi dd kiem tao ra
amoniac.
2/ Phan ng nhiet phan.
+ Muoi amoni khong ben.
t
0
thng hoac un nong
b phan huy tuy theo tng
loai muoi, tao ra cac san
pham khac nhau. V du
+ Muoi amoni tao bi axit
khong co tnh oxi hoa nh
HCl, H
2
CO
3.

NH
4
Cl(r)
0
t C
NH
3
(k) + HCl(k)
+ Muoi amoni cacbonat
(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
NH
3
+ NH
4
HCO
3
NH
4
HCO
3
NH
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
+ Muoi cha goc axit co
tnh oxi hoa nh HNO
2
, HNO
3.
.
NH
4
NO
2

0
t C
N
2
+ 2H
2
O
NH
4
NO
3

0
t C
N
2
O

+ 2H
2
O
* Phan ng nay e ieu che
N
2
hoac N
2
O trong PTN.
Vay, cac 2uoi a2oni de
phan huyP bPi nhiet.
4. Cung co GV nhac lai nhng kien thc c ban cua bai hoc.
+ Muoi amoni sunfat
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4

un nong
NH
3
+ NH
4
HSO
4
3NH
4
HSO
4

un nong manh
NH
3
+N
2
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
5. Bai tap 6, 7, 8 trang 38 SGK.
Bai tap chep B$: Khi cho 0,5 mol N
2
phan ng vi 1,5 mol H
2
vi hieu suat
75% th so mol NH
3
thu c la A) 0,75mol B) 1mol C) 1,5 mol
D) 2 mol

BAI 9
(A)

AXIT NITRIC VA MUOI NITRAT

39
7
14
oang Van oan

12/10/2007
15/ 10/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
$ biet: Cau tao phan t, tnh chat vat l cua axit nitric, tnh chat cua cac
muoi nitrat; phng phap ieu che axit nitric trong PTN va trong CN.
$ hieu: Tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit nitric va muoi nitrat.
2. K nang:
- Da vao CTPT cua HNO
3
va so oxi hoa cua N trong phan t HNO
3
. HS
d oan tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua HNO
3
; tnh axit va tnh oxi hoa; Viet cac
PTHH di dang phan t va ion thu gon, cac PTHH cua phan ng oxi hoa kh
chng minh tnh axit va tnh oxi hoa cua HNO
3.
-
Quan sat th

nghiem, mo ta hien tng, giai thch va rut ra ket luan ve
tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit HNO
3
va muoi nitrat.
- Nhan biet HNO
3
va muoi nitrat.
- Giai cac bai toan hoa hoc tnh khoi lng cac chat kem theo hieu suat
phan ng, xac nh nong o phan tram hoac nong o mol cua dung dch.

II/ CHUAN B. Th nghiem kiem chng tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit HNO
3
va muoi
nitrat.
1. Tnh axit:
- Quy tm - 3 ong nghiem rieng biet ng dd HNO
3

- dd NaOH - 1 ong nghiem ng dd HNO
3
-
- Lo ng canxi cacbonat (a voi)
2. Tnh oxi hoa:
- Cac lo ng Cu, Fe va 2 ong nghiem ng HNO
3
.
. Tnh chat cuPa 2uoi a2oni:
* %Jnh tan: 2 ong nghiem rieng biet ng KNO
3
va NH
4
NO
3
( hoac muoi
khac), nc.
* %Jnh chat cua muoi: 2 ong nghiem ng KNO
3
ran va dung dch H
2
SO
4

ac.
* Phan ng nhiet phan cua muoi nitrat en con, gia ong nghiem, ong
nghiem chu nhiet
ng KNO
3
ran.



2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Bai tap 2 va 4 hoac 5 SGK trang 37 -38.
b/ Bai tap 8 SGK trang 38.
c/ Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

A. AXIT NITRIC
HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG
CUA H$
NOI DUNG

HOAT ONG 1:
I. CAU TAO PHAN T
40
GV yeu cau HS viet
CTCT va CTPT, xac nh
soh cua nit.
HS viet CTCT va
CTPT, xac nh soh
cua nit. nhan xet
ve soh nay.

H O
O
O
N

+5
3
HNO
N co so oxi hoa cao nhat + 5.
II. TNH CHAT VAT L
GV gii thieu lo ng dd
HNO
3
.
GV nhac lai to2 tat
va bo sung the2:
HNO
3
khong ben, de
phan huy bi nhiet va
anh sang, theo PTHH
tao kh mau nau o
NO
2
.
4HNO
4
4NO
2
+ O
2
+
2H
2
O
Kh NO
2
tan trong dd lam
cho dd HNO
3
thng co
mau vang nau.
HS quan sat lo ng
dd HNO
3
va nghien
cu noi dung bai
hoc trong SGK e
rut ra t/c vat l
trang thai, mau
sac, tnh tan, o
ben, nong o
am ac va khoi
lng rieng.
- HNO
3
la chat long khong
mau, boc khoi trong khong
kh.
- De b nhiet va anh sang
phan huy.
4HNO
4
4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O
o nau
- HNO
3
tan vo han trong nc.
- Dd HNO
3
am ac ch at
68%
co D = 1,4 g/cm
3
.
- HO
3
de gay bong nang,
pha huy da, giay, vai va
cac chat khac nen het sc
caan than khi tiep xuc.
HOAT ONG 2
GV yeu cau HS lay cac
v du ve tnh axit cua axit
nitric? V sao? (v HO
3
la
axit nen co ay u tJnh
chat hoa hoc chung cua
axit)
- GV lam TN bieu dien
hoac HS t lam cac TN
chng minh.
- GV y/c HS ket luan a
HNO
3
la mot axit manh,
trong dd loang phan li
hoan toan thanh ion H
+

va ion
3
NO ; dd HNO
3

lam quy tm hoa o;
tac dung c vi .
- Tnh axit cua HNO
3
la
do. quyet nh? Y/C HS
giai thch theo thuyet A
re- ni-ut.

===============
GV at cau hoi Da
vao CTCT cua HNO
3

hay d oan HNO
3
co
tnh chat hoa hoc c
ban nao khac? Tai sao?
HS thoa luan

- Lam quy tm hoa
o, tac dung vi
baz, oxit baz va
mot so muoi.

- HS lam TN va
viet PTHH.

Y/C
Tnh chat hoa hoc
c ban cua HNO
3

la tnh oxi hoa.
1. Tnh axit.
Axit nitric la mot axit manh,
lam oi mau quy tm, tac
dung vi baz, oxit baz va
mot so muoi.
V du
HNO
3 loang
H
+
+
3
NO
2HNO
3
+ CuO Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
2HNO
3
+Ba(OH)
2
Ba(OH)
2
+2H
2
O
2HNO
3
+ CaCO
3
Ca(NO
3
)
2
+
CO
2
+
H
2
O.

2. Tnh oxi hoa.
Axit HNO
3
la axit co tnh oxi
hoa manh nhat. Do nit trong
HNO
3
co so oxi hoa cao
nhat, trong cac phan

ng hoa hoc th nit co xu
41

=================

GV bieu dien TN axit
HNO
3
tac dung vi Cu
va yeu cau HS giai
thch hien tng quan sat
c bang PTHH.
GV hng dan HS can
bang PTHH theo phng
phap thang bang
electron.

HS quan sat TN,
neu hien tng va
nhan xet, giai thch
va viet PTHH.
hng chuyen xuong cac so
oxi hoa thap hn, cu the
+5
N
co the b kh thanh

+5
N
-3
N,
0
N,
+1
N,
+2
N,
+4
N. Tuy
thuoc vao nong o axit va
chat kh tham gia.
a) Tac dung vi ki2 loai:
* Axit HNO
3
oxi hoa c hau
het cac kim loai (tr Au va
Pt).
V du
0
Cu+
+5
3
HNO
ac
+2
3 2
Cu(NO ) +
+4
2
NO + H
2
O
0
Cu+
+5
3
HNO
loang
+2
3 2
Cu(NO ) +
+2
NO+ H
2
O
Va vi Mg, Al, Zn, . +
+5
3
HNO
loang
co the kh
xuong
+1
N(
+1
2 N O),
0
N(
0
2
N ) hoac
-3
N(
-3
4 3
NH NO ).
GV chu y neu ng
dung ve tnh chat nay
cho HS hieu ro
=================

GV nhan xet HO
3
ac
nong oxi hoa mot so
phi kim ( a phi kim len
mc oxi hoa cao nhat)
va tao thanh khJ O
2

mau nau o.
=============
GV lam TN bieu dien
vi HNO
3 ,nong
tac dung
vi FeO hoac Fe
3
O
4
, sau
p/ e nguoi roi cho
vai giot NaOH co ket
tua Fe(OH)
3
o nau.
* a Fe
+2
en Fe
+3
( cao
nhat)

HS oc SGK

HS oc SGK e rut
ra nhan xet va
viet cac PTHH va
CB oi vi cac
p/ HNO
3
t/d vi C,
S, P.

========
HS quan sat TN.
HS oc SGK e
biet cac thong tin
khac nh tac dung
vi vai, giay, mun
ca, dau thong.b
pha huy khi tiep
xuc vi HNO
3
ac.
$ rut ra ket luan
ve axit NO
.
* Axit HNO
3 ac, nguoi
+

Al hoac
Fe hau nh khong xay ra
phan ng,v Al va Fe b thu
ong vi HNO
3 ac, nguoi
.
Cng dung: co the dung
bnh bang Al hoac Fe ng
axit HNO
3 ac, nguoi
khi van
chuyen.
b) Tac dung vi phi ki2.
HNO
3
tac dung vi cac phi
kim va a cac phi kim en
mc so oxi hoa cao nhat.
V du
0
C+ 4
+5
3
HNO
+4
2
CO + 4
+4
2
NO + 2H
2
O
0
P+ 5
+5
3
HNO
+5
3 4
H PO +5
+4
2
NO + H
2
O
0
S+ 6
+5
3
HNO
+6
2 4
H SO +6
+4
2
NO +2H
2
O
c) Tac dung vi hp chat.
* 3FeO+10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3+ NO+ 5H2O
* HO
3
con tac dung vi
nhieu chat vo c va hu c
khac,nh pha huy da, giay,
vai va cac chat khac nen
het sc caan than khi tiep
xuc.

Ket luan: Axit HO
3
la chat oxi hoa manh, oxi hoa nhieu n chat va hp
chat vo c va hu c. Kha nang oxi hoa cua HO
3
la do ion O
3
-
, trong o
nit co so oxi hoa cao nhat la +5. %uy thuoc vao nong o cua axit va o
manh yeu cua chat kh ma HO
3
co thea b kh en cac san phaam khac
nhau cua nit. HNO
3
Ia mot axit manh va Ia chat oxi hoa manh.

42
HOAT ONG 3 IV. NG DUNG
GV cho HS oc SGK .
HNO
3
co nhng ng
dung nao ?
GV bo sung ve nc
cng thuyP Hon hp
dung dch ac cua 2 axit
vi t le 1VHNO
3
+ 3V
HCl hoa tan c Au, Pt.
HS oc SGK thu
thap thong tin ve
ng dung cua
HNO
3.
- San xuat phan am, san
xuat thuocc no (TNT), thuoc
nhuom, dc pham.
HOAT ONG 4 V. IEU CHE
GV cho HS oc SGK va
quan sat hnh 2.7 SGK
trang 41.

GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK.

Chu y nguyen lieu
phai c lam sach , d
oxi va Voxi VNH
3
= >1,7 .
-------------------------
( neu co thi gian)
GV bo sung ong o t 52 -
68% co nhiet o soi co nh
(120
0
C) ngi ta thng goi HO3
tao ra hon hp ang phJ. ong
o HO3 t 52 -68% la nong o
ang phJ.
Chng cat HNO
3
vi
H
2
SO
4
se c nong o
HNO
3
cao hn.
HS oc sach, quan
sat hnh 2.7 SGK
trang41.
Y/C HS hieu c
cach tien hanh
ieu che va ten
cac chat trong
phan ng.
HS viet PTHH.
=================
HS nghien cu noi
dung SGK thao luan
nhom e rut ra quy
trnh va bien phap
k thuat san xuat
HNO
3
.

Ngng tu HNO
3
tao ra do phan
ng
NaNO
3+
H
2
SO
4
HNO
3
+ NaHSO
4
t
0
C

2. Trong cong nghiep
* Nguyen lieu NH
3
, khong
kh.
* Phng phap hien ai gom
3G
a) Oxi hoa H
3
bang oxi
khong khJ thanh nit monooxit
O.
4
-3
3
NH +5O
2
0 0
850 -900 C
Pt
4
+2
NO+6H
2
O
H< 0
b) Oxi hoa nit monooxit thanh
nit ioxit bang oxi khong khJ
ieu kien thng.
2NO + O
2
2NO
2

c) it ioxit tac dung vi
nc va oxi thanh axit nitric.
4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3
Nong o thng at 52 -
68%
HOAT ONG 5
4/ Cung co: Nhac lai kien thc c ban cua bai hoc.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1,2 va 3 SGK trang 45.
Gi y bai tap 2 va 3

Ngoai khoa:.Kh init oxit N
2
O la mot kh khong mau, co mui tng oi de
chu. No hoa ran
-91
0
C va hoa long -89
0
C. Trong thc te N
2
O long c ng trong bnh thep. Khi
ngi ta ht phai mot lng t kh N
2
O co cam giac say va hay ci, nen ngi ta
con goi la "kh vui. Khi ht phai mot lng nhieu th b me. Trong y hoc ngi ta
dung mot hon hp gom co 20%O
2
va 80% N
2
O e gay me trong nhng ca mo
xe nhe. u iem cua loai thuoc me nay la mau chong c loai ra khoi c the
nen t gay ra nhng cam giac kho chu sau khi c gay me. No kem hoat
ong nhiet o thng. nhiet o 500
0
C th 2N
2
O 2N
2
+ O
2
. ieu che nhiet
phan muoi amoni nitrat 250
0
C. NH
4
NO
3
N
2
O + 2H
2
O.
43
----------------------------

BAI 9
(B, C)

AXIT NITRIC VA MUOI NITRAT

8
15
oang Van oan

15/10/2007
18/ 10 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
$ biet: Cau tao phan t, tnh chat vat l cua axit nitric, tnh chat cua cac
muoi nitrat; phng phap ieu che axit nitric trong PTN va trong CN.
$ hieu: Tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit nitric va muoi nitrat.
2. K nang:
- Da vao CTPT cua HNO
3
va so oxi hoa cua N trong phan t HNO
3
. HS
d oan tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua HNO
3
; tnh axit va tnh oxi hoa; Viet cac
PTHH di dang phan t va ion thu gon, cac PTHH cua phan ng oxi hoa kh
chng minh tnh axit va tnh oxi hoa cua HNO
3.
-
Quan sat th

nghiem, mo ta hien tng, giai thch va rut ra ket luan ve
tnh chat hoa hoc cuaaxi8t HNO
3
va muoi nitrat.
- Nhan biet HNO
3
va muoi nitrat.
- Giai cac bai toan hoa hoc tnh khoi lng cac chat kem theo hieu suat
phan ng, xac nh nong ophan tram hoac nong o mol cua dung dch.

II/ CHUAN B. Th nghiem kiem chng tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit HNO
3
va muoi
nitrat.
2. Tnh axit:
- Quy tm - 3 ong nghiem rieng biet ng dd HNO
3

- dd NaOH - 1 ong nghiem ng dd HNO
3
-
- Lo ng canxicacbonat (a voi)
2. Tnh oxi hoa:
- Cac lo ng Cu, Fe va 2 ong nghiem ng HNO
3
.
. Tnh chat cuPa 2uoi a2oni:
* %Jnh tan: 2 ong nghiem rieng biet ng KNO
3
va NH
4
NO
3
( hoac muoi
khac), nc.
* %Jnh chat cua muoi: 2 ong nghiem ng KNO
3
ran va dung dch H
2
SO
4

ac.
* Phan ng nhiet phan cua muoi nitrat en con, gia ong nghiem, ong
nghiem chu nhiet
ng KNO
3
ran.



2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Bai tap Khong kh N
2
NH
3
NONO
2
HNO
3
NaNO
3
HNO
3
b/ Bai tap Neu s giong nhau va khac nhau ve tnh chat hoa hoc
gia axit H
2
SO
4

va HNO
3
.
c/ Bai tap 2 SGK trang 45
44

/ oc bai 2i:
B. MUOI NITRAT
CUA H$
NOI DUNG
I. TNH CHAT CUA MUOI NITRAT
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS lay v du ve cac
muoi nitrat va neu khai
niem muoi nitrat. (Muoi cua
axit nitric c goi la muoi nitrat
hoac muoi nitrat la nhng hp
chat trong phan t gom ion kim
loai hoac H
4
+
ket hp vi
goc axit O
3
-
)
GV muoi nitrat co nhng tnh
chat nao? (ngoai t/c chung
cuPa 2uoi 2uoi nitrat con
co tnh chat.)
GV co the bieu dien tnh tan
cua mot vai muoi nitrat.
GV bo sung ion
-
3
NO khong
mau va mot so muoi nitrat
de b chay ra trong khong
kh.
HS lay v du, cach
oc ten ve cac
muoi nitrat va neu
khai niem muoi
nitrat.

HS d oan tnh
chat cua muoi
nitrat

HS nghien cu
SGK va cho biet
ac iem ve tnh
tan cua muoi nitrat
HS lay v du va
viet PTL cua mot
so muoi.
Muoi nitrat Ia g:
NaNO
3
, KNO
3
, Ca(NO
3
)
2
,
NH
4
NO
3
.

Muoi cua axit nitric c
goi la muoi nitrat.
1. Tnh tan: (T/CV)
+ Tat ca cac muoi nitrat
eu tan va phan li manh

NaNO
3
Na
+
+
-
3
NO
Mg(NO
3
)
2
Mg
2+
+
-
3
NO
.

2. !haPn ng nhiet phan
(T/C)
GV lap day sau ay e HS
de lien he

GV co the lam TN bieu
dien tng
Trng hp e HS quan sat,
sau o rut ra nhan xet, ket
luan cho moi day kim loai.
GV nhan xet g ve tnh chat
cua muoi nitrat khi nung nong
( tnh oxi hoa manh).

K Na Ca...
Kim loai hoat ong manh

M(NO
3
)
n

t
0
M(NO
2
)
n
+ O
2

V du 1 2KNO
3

0
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2

Kim loai hoat ong TB - yeu
Mg , Zn , Fe, Pb, ...Cu
M(NO
3
)
n

t
0
M
2
O
n
+ NO
2
+ O
2

V du 2 2Cu(NO
3
)
2
0
t
2CuO + 4NO
2
+ O
2

Hg Ag Au
Kim loai hoat ong yeu
M(NO
3
)
n

t
0
M + NO
2
+ O
2

V du 3 2AgNO
3

0
t
2Ag + 2NO
2
+ O
2

HOAT ONG 2
GV GV lam TN bieu dien
hoac to chc cho HS hoat
ong theo nhom tien hanh
lam TN theo hng dan cua
GV.
Bc 1: 2 ong nghiem cung
ng 2 ml dd NaNO
3
.
Bc 2: Cho mieng ong
vao ong nghiem (1).
Bc 3: Them vai giot dd
H
2
SO
4
hoac dd HCl vao ong
nghiem 2.
Quan sat, so sanh 2 ong
nghiem.
HS quan sat GV
lam TN.
hoac HS to chc
hoat ong theo
nhom tien hanh
lam TN theo hng
dan cua GV. Quan
sat, so sanh 2 ong
nghiem.
Nhan xet ong 1
hau nh khong co
phan ng, ong 2
co hien tng sui
bot va dd chuyen
mau xanh.
. Nhan biet ion nitrat
.
* Trong moi trng trung
tnh muoi nitrat khong co
tnh oxi hoa.
* Trong moi trng axit
ion

The hien tnh oxi hoa
giong nh HNO
3
, Da vao
phaPn ng cuPa Cu vi
ion
trong 2oi trng

axit e nhan biet ion
trong dung dch.

45
3Cu+8H
+
+2
0
t
3Cu
2+

+

Ket luan Dung
phan ng cua Cu
vi ion
trong
moi trng axit ea
nhan biet ion

trong dd.
2NO + 4H
2
O
mau xanh

2NO + O
2 kk
2NO
2

mau o

HOAT ONG 3
II. NG DUNG
GV yeu cau HS oc SGK HS oc SGK , lien
he thc te, rut ra
kien thc
+ Muoi nitrat chu yeu
lam phan bon hoa hoc.
+ KNO
3
dung lam thuoc
no en
(75% KNO
3
, 10S, 15%C)
Phan ng no cua thuoc no en
2KNO
3
+ S + 3C K
2
S + N
2
+ 3CO
2

202 + 32 + 36 270
Chnh xac la
74,81%KNO
3
, 11,85%S,
13,33%C
HOAT ONG 4 C. CHU TRNH CUA NIT TRONG T NHIEN
GV trong t nhien, s chuyen
hoa cua nit t dang nay
sang dang khac xay ra nh
the nao?
GV y/c HS quan sat hnh 2.8
SGK trang44 va thao luan
nhom

GV tong ke rut ra noi dung
bai hoc
Nit trong at muoi amoni
muoi ni trat
TV ong hoa
protein TV

N
2
khong kh
Chet, phan huy
NH
3
Vi khuan
2. Sam set
1.ot chay
(muc)
Chat h u c
cha trong at
p
t
V ong hoa
protei n V
Bai tiet

HS quan sat hnh 2.8
SGK trang 44 va
thao luan nhom
1. Lap s o tom
tat qua trnh
chuyen hoa nit t
dang vo c sang
dang hu c.
2. . Lap s o tom
tat qua trnh
chuyen hoa nit t
do sang dang nit
hp chat.
3. Tom tat s
chuyen hoa nit t
qua trnh nhan tao
4. Nhan xet ve
chu trnh cua nit
trong t nhien.
1. Qua trinh t nhien:
a) Qua trnh chuyen hoa
qua lai gia nit dang vo
c va nit dang hu c.
+ Nit vo c

nit hu
c.

b) Qua trnh chuyen hoa
qua lai gia nit dang nit
t do va nit hoa hp.
Nit tdo Nit hoahp
Sam set
VK
PH

c) S bu ap nit hao hut
trong at
- Nh t nhien Sam set,
vi khuan.
- Nhan tao Cai tao, bon
phan.
HOAT ONG 5 4/ Cung co:
a) Muoi nitrat con co tnh chat hoa hoc nao khac?
(Muoi nitrat tac dung vi dd axit, dd baz, dd muoi khac va vi kim loai)
V du: .HS viet cac PTHH dang phan t , ion ay u va thu gon.
b) Lam bai tap 5 SGK trang 45
5/ Bai tap ve nha 4, 6, 7 SGK trang 45.
Gi y:
4: a) 4Fe(NO
3
)
3

0
t
2Fe
2
O
3
+ 12NO
2
+ 3O
2
b) Hg(NO
3
)
2

0
t
Hg + 2NO
2
+ O
2

7. NH
3
HNO
3
, so tan HNO
3
trong 5 tan dd HNO
3
60% la (5x60) 100 = 3 tan.
17 tan 63 tan. Vay, so tan NH
3
e /c 3 tan HNO
3
la (3 x 17) 63 tan
theo LT (khong
46
hao hut). C 100 tan NH
3
ch co 100 3,8 96,2 tan phan ng. Vay, khoi
lng NH
3
thc
te can phai dung la (3 x 17)/63 x (100/ 96,2) = 5100 / 6060,6 = 0,842 tan.
================

BAI
10

PHOTPHO
8
16
oang Van oan
18/10
/2007
22/ 10 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- HS biet v tr cua photpho trong bang tuan hoan; Biet cac dang thu hnh
va tnh chat cua photpho, cach ieu che va nhng ng dung cua nguyen to
nay; tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua photpho la tnh oxi hoa ( tac dung vi kim loai
Na, Ca.) va tnh kh ( tac dung vi oxi, clo).
2. K nang:
- Biet d oan tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua photpho.
- Viet cac PTHH chng minh tnh chat cua photpho.
- Quan sat th nghiem bieu dien cua GV, giai thch va rut ra nhan xet.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.
2. He thong cau hoi.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Hay neu tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua muoi nitrat ? ( T/ C chung
va rieng, viet
cac phan ng minh hoa)
b/ Bai tap 5 trang 45,
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I. V TR VA CAU HNH ELECTRON NGUYEN T.
GV yeu cau HS trnh bay
v tr cua P trong BTH va
nhan xet co the co cua
P. ( (xem SGK tr 46).
- HS trnh bay v tr
cua P trong BTH va
nhan xet co the
co cua P.
- HS viet cau hnh
electron nguyen t P.
1. V tr .
- PNVA , STT 15, CK 3,
2. Cau hnh eIectron.
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3
NT co 5e ngoai cung, do
o P co the co hoa tr 3
va 5.
II. TNH CHAT VAT L
GV cho HS quan sat mau P
o va mau P trang.
HS quan sat mau P o
va mau P trang. HS

47
oc noi dung SGK tr46-
47.
GV Photpho co the ton tai
nhieu dang thu hnh, quan
trong la phot pho trang va
phopho o.
GV Cho HS oc SGK tr46-47.
HS cung XD bang so
sanh.
Bang so sanh:

ac iem

P
trang
P
o

1 Mau sac - Ran trang hoac hi vang nh sap - Ran o
2
Nong
chay
- 44
0
C - 500
0
- 600
0
C
3
oc - Rat oc - Khong oc
4
Tnh tan -Tan trong C
6
H
6
,CS
2
.khong tan trong
nc.
- Khong tan moi dung
moi.
5
Chay
(ben)
> 40
0
C(t boc chay trong kk, kem
ben).
- Boc chay > 250
0
C,
kha ben.
6
Phat
sang
- Phat sang trong kk ( lan quang) - Khong phat sang
7
Cau truc - Mang tinh the phan t. Cac phan
t P
4
nam cac nut cua mang
lien ket vi nhau bang lc lien ket
yeu. Mo hnh phan t P
4

hoac
P
P
P
P

- Polime. P
n
p
p p
p
p
p
p
p
P
P
P
P
P
P P P
P

( kho nong chay, kho
bay hi)

HOAT ONG 2 III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
GV cho HS nghien cu SGK d
oan tnh chat hoa hoc cua
photpho.

GV cho HS nhan xet ve so oxi
hoa cua photpho trong cac hp
chat.

- Ket luan ve tnh hoa hoc cua
photpho, so sanh tnh chat hoa
hoc cua phot pho vi nit.
GV cho HS viet PTHH cua P vi
KL va nhan xet s tang giam
soh cua P.

Can c vao so
eletron ngoai cung,
o am ien, d
oan tnh chat hoa
hoc cua photpho
Tnh khP va tnh
oxi hoa.
HS nghien cu
SGK dan ra cac
phan ng trong o
P the hien tnh
kh va tnh oxi
hoa. Chu y /k
cac p /.
HS viet PTHH cua
P t/d vi kim loai

o am ien O = 3,44
o am ien Cl =3,16
o am ien N = 3,04
o am ien H = 2,20
o am ien P = 2,19

1. Tnh oxi hoa.
Tac dung vi mot so
cac kim loai hoat tao
phot phua kim loai
V du 3
0
Na +
0
P
1 -3
3 Na P
48
( giam so oxi hoa t 0 en -
3).GV Tai sao ieu kien
thng photpho lai hoat ong
manh hn nit ?
GV nhan xet y kien cua HS
va chu y nhan manh ac
iem khac vi nit.
GV cho HS viet phan ng va
nhan xet s thay oi so oxi
hoa cua photpho roi rut ra ket
luan.

hoat ong manh (
K, Na, Ca, Mg.)
HS viet phan ng
vi Mg, K.

HS viet phan ng
va nhan xet s
thay oi so oxi
hoa cua photpho
roi rut ra ket
luan.

3
0
Ca + 2
0
P
0
t
2 -3
2 3 Ca P
2. Tnh kh.
Khi tac dung vi phi
kim hoat ong va
nhng chat oxi hoa
manh.

GV cho HS viet PTHH cua P vi
PK va chat oxi hoa manh roi
nhan xet s tang soh cua P.
( tang so oxi hoa t 0 en +3
va +5).

GVlu y: Do cau truc phan
phan t P trang khac vi cau
truc phan t P o. Tuy nhien
cau tao nguyen t cua chung
giong nhau nen chung co tnh
chat hoa hoc giong nhau.
a) Vi phi ki2 hoat ong:
+ Vi oxi:
4
0
P +3O
2

0
t
(Thieu oxi)
2
3
2 3
P O
iphotpho trioxit
4
0
P +5O
2

D
0
t
( oxi)
2
5
2 5
P O
iphotpho pentaoxit
+ Vi clo:
4
0
P +3Cl
2

0
t
(Thieu clo)
2
3
2 3
P Cl
iphotpho
triclorua
4
0
P +5Cl
2

D
0
t
( clo)
2
5
2 5
P Cl
iphotpho
pentaclorua

b) Vi chat oxi hoa 2anh.
P + 5HNO
3
5
3 4
H PO +5NO
2
+ H
2
O
Ket luan:
! hoat ong hoa hoc 2anh hn nit P
ieu kien thng, do lien ket n trong
phan tP ! ke2 ben hn lien ket ba trong
phan tP nit.
! trang hoat ong 2anh hn ! oP.
! va co tnh oxi hoa va the hien
tnh khP.
HOAT ONG 3 IV. NG DUNG
GV photpho co nhng ng dung
g?
GV bo sung
- P o dung e san xuat
diem
- Po + bot thuy tinh +
Sb
2
S
3
+ keo dnh vo
diem.
- Phan ng quet diem (p/
chnh)
6P + 5KClO
3
5KCl + 3P
2
O
5
+ Q
( vo) ( que diem)
HS oc SGK e tra
li cau hoi.
( SGK trang 48)
+ San xuat axit H
3
PO
4
+ San xuat diem.
+ San xuat bom
chay, bom khoi.
+ San xuat thuoc
tr sau co cha P.
HOAT ONG 4 V. TRANG THAI T NHIEN
49
GV trong t nhien P ton tai
nhng dang nao?
GV tai sao trong TN photpho ton
tai dang hp chat con nit lai
ton tai trang thai t do?
GV nc ta cac quang quan
trong cha P co au (
photphorit Thai Nguyen, Thanh
Hoa., apaptit Lao Cai.)
HS oc SGK e biet
c trong TN
* P ton tai dang
h/c, khac vi nit; v
trong phan t P
cha LK n
kem ben.
* Cac loai khoang
vat quan trong cua
P la apatit va
photphorit.
Trong t nhien P ton
tai dang hp chat
Quang photphorit:
Ca
(!O
4
)
2
Quang
apatit:

3Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
CaF2
Ngoai ra co trong
protit TV va trong
xng, bap tht, rang,
te bao nao . cua
ngi va V.
VI. $AN XUAT
GV P c san xuat bang
phng phap nao?

HS oc SGK va tom tat
%rong cong nghiep: P c san xuat bang
cach nung hon hp quang photphorit ( hoac
apatit) vi cat va than coc 1200
0
C trong
lo ien.
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3SiO
2
+ 5C
0
1200 C
(Lo ien)
2P + 3CaSiO
3
+
5CO
HOAT ONG 5 4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap 2 SGK trang 49
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 3, 4, 5 $GK trang 49-50.

BAI 11

AXIT PHOTPHORIC VA MUOI PHOTPHAT
8
17
oang Van oan
20
/10/2007
24/ 10 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- HS biet Cau tao phan t, tnh chat vat l, ng dung, phng phap ieu
che axit photphoric va muoi photphat; nhan biet ion PO
4
3-
.
- HS hieu Tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit axit photphoric va muoi photphat.
2. K nang:
- Viet cong thc cau tao cua H
3
PO
4
.
- Viet cac PTHH dang phan t va ion thu gon chng minh tnh chat cua
H
3
PO
4
va muoi
photphat.
- Phan biet axit H
3
PO
4
, muoi photphat bang phng phap hoa hoc.
- Giai cac bai tap hoa hoc; tnh khoi lng H
3
PO
4
c san xuat, tnh
phan tram khoi lng
cua muoi photphat trong hon hp va mot so bai tap khac co noi dung
lien quan.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Dung cu ong nghiem, ong hut nho giot, ua thuy tinh.
2. Hoa chat nc cat, muoi Na
3
PO
4
, AgNO
3
, NaCl, NaNO
3
, Ca
3
(PO4)
2
, NaH
2
PO
4
,
H
3
PO
4
, NaOH.
3. Mot so phieu giao viec e HS tch cc xay dng kien thc mi.


50
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Trnh bay tnh chat hoa hoc cua photpho. Viet phng trnh phan
ng minh hoa.
b/ Trong phan ng nhiet phan Fe(NO
3
)
3
co tong cac he so can
bang la
A) 5 B) 7 C) 9 D) 21
/ oc bai 2i:
A. AXIT PHOTPHORIC
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I. CAU TAO PHAN T
GV hng dan HS hoat
ong xay dng kien thc
mi.
- Viet CTCT cua axit
photphoric.
- Xac nh soh cua P.
HS viet CTCT cua
axit photphoric, am
bao hoa tr P(V),
O() H() va xac
nh soh cua P (+5)
theo qui tac.

H
H
H
O
O
O
O
P
+5

CTPT
5
3 4
H PO
soh (P) +5

II. TNH CHAT VAT L (SGK)

GV cho HS quan sat lo ng
axit H
3
PO
4
va oc SGK trang
51.

GV Nhac lai s lc
HS quan sat lo ng
H
3
PO
4
, ket hp SGK
va nhan xet ve
mau sac, trang
thai, nhiet o nong
chay, tnh tan, tnh bay
hi tnh oc.
( -Tinh the trong suot.
- NC 42,5
0
C
- Rat hao nc, de chay
ra
- Tan vo han trong nc.
- Axit thng dung dang
ac, sanh, khong mau
nong o 85% )
HOAT ONG 2 III. TN CHAT HOA HOC
GV hng dan HS nghien
cu tnh chat cua H
3
PO
4

trong SGK 51.
GV trong dung dch H
3
PO
4

co nhng thanh phan
nao chnh ( ion, phan t)
cua axit H
3
PO
4
?.

GV da vao ac iem
mot so ion do axit H
3
PO
4

phan li ra, d oan axit
H
3
PO
4
co kha nang tao ra
c nhng loai muoi
nao?.
GV. Ngoai kha nang lam
giay quy mau o H
3
PO
4

con co nhng tnh chat
nao?.
GV. hng dan HS lu y
+ HS nghien cu tnh
chat cua H
3
PO
4
trong
SGK 51.
+ HS viet phng trnh
phan li 3 nac thuan
nghch cua axit
H
3
PO
4
trong dd nc.
+ Y/C Cac ion
H,
2 4
H PO
,
2
4
HPO

,
3
4
PO

va H
3
PO
4. Goi
ten
cac san pham nay.
HS viet cac phan
ng di dang
phan t , ion ay
u va thu gon.
( Sau o GV nhan
xet, at van e
va xay dng thanh
1. Tnh axit:
H
3
PO
4
la axit 3 nac, co
o manh trung bnh, phan li
3 nac thuan nghch trong
dung dch nc.
H
3
PO
4
H+
2 4
H PO

2 4
H PO
H+
2
4
HPO

2
4
HPO

H+
3
4
PO

dd H
3
PO
4
chuyen giay quy
thanh mau o.
2. Tac dung vi baz,
oxit baz, 2uoi va ki2
loai.
a) Vi baz V du vi
NaOH.
51
s tao thanh cac san
pham muoi khac nhau phu
thuoc vao t le so mol
cua chat tac dung va axit.

GV co the lay v du cu
the va phan tch ro cho
HS v du
a= 1,5 va a = 2,5. ( neu
co thi gian hoac e
phan cung co)
noi dung bai hoc)

HS viet PTHH thu gon
cua cac phan ng
nay.
at
3 4
NaOH
H PO
n
a
n

Neu a= 1
NaOH + H
3
PO
4
NaH
2
PO
4
+
H
2
O
OH
-
+ H
+
H
2
O
Neu a = 2
2NaOH + H
3
PO
4

Na
2
HPO
4
+2H
2
O
OH
-
+ H
+
H
2
O
Neu a = 3
3NaOH + H
3
PO
4
Na
3
PO
4
+
3H
2
O
OH
-
+ H
+
H
2
O.
Tuy theo t le ma tao nen
cac san pham muoi khac
nhau
Neu 1< a < 2 xay ra p/ ( 1)
va (2)
Neu 2 < a < 3 xay ra p/ ( 2)
va (3)
b) Vi oxit baz (V du HS
viet)
c) Vi muoi ( V du Na
2
CO
3

HS viet)
d) Vi kim loai ( v du vi Mg
HS viet).
. Axit
!O
4
khong co tnh
oxi hoa nh axit NO
, vi
trong dung dch ion
3
4
PO

rat
ben vng.

HOAT ONG3
IV. IEU CHE
GV
a) Trong PTN axit H
3
PO
4
c
ieu che bang cach nao
?
b) Trong Cong nghiep axit
H
3
PO
4
c san xuat bang
cach nao ?

GV
HS oc SGK va
tra li cau
hoi cua GV.

HS viet PTHH.
1. ieu che:
a) !TN:
Oxi hoa ! bang NO
ac.
P + 5HNO
3

0
t
5
3 4
H PO +5NO
2
+
H
2
O
b) Trong cong nghiep.
* Axit H
2
SO
4
ac + quang apatit
hoac photphorit:
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
3H
2
SO
4
ac
0
t
2H
3
PO
4
+
3CaSO
4

Loc tach CaSO
4
, lay H
3
PO
4
( khong tinh
khiet).
** ieu che H
3
PO
4
tinh khiet.
- ot P 4P + 5O
2

2P
2
O
5

- Tac dung ncP
2
O
5
+3H
2
O
2H
3
PO
4
V. NG DUNG
GV cho HS oc trong SGK. HS oc va tom - H
3
PO
4
dung ieu che muoi
52
tat thong tin
SGK trang 52.
photphat va san xuat phan
lan, cong nghiep dc pham.

B. MUOI PHOT PHAT
HOAT ONG 4
GV neu cau hoi axit H
3
PO
4

tao c nhng loai muoi
nao ? Cho v du minh hoa
ve muoi photphat, muoi
ihiro photphat, muoi
hirophotphat
HS nghien cu SGK
va lay cac v du
ve ve muoi
photphat, muoi ihiro
photphat, muoi
hirophotphat
Muoi cua axit H
3
PO
4
goi
la muoi photphat, gom 3
loai
- Muoi ihiro photphat
VD.
- Muoi hiro photphat VD.
- Muoi photphat VD.
I. TNH TAN
GV cho HS oc SGK va sau
o lap bang tom tat
thanh noi dung bai hoc ,
lay v du

HS nghien cu SGK, quan
sat th nghiem va tra li
cau hoi.

Lu y Trong o muoi Ag
3
PO
4
khong tan trong
nc, co mau vang dung lam dau hieu nhan
biet ion PO
4
3-
.
II. NHAN BIET MUOI PHOTPHAT
GV e nhan biet cac
muoi photphat tan va axit
H
3
PO
4
ta lam nh the nao?
HS da vao SGK e
tra li.
Dung dung dch AgNO
3
, tao
ket tua mau vang cua
Ag
3
PO
4
.
3Ag
+
+ PO
4
3-
Ag
3
PO
4

mau vang tan trong axit
manh.Vay, dd AgNO
3
la
thuoc th nhan biet cac
muoi photphat tan .
4/ Cung co: Hay phan biet bang phng phap hoa hoc 3 dung dch muoi
ng trong ba lo mat nhan o la Na
3
PO
4
, NaCl va NaNO
3
.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 53 -54 SGK.

BAI
12

PHAN BON HOA HOC
9
18
oang Van oan

25/10/2007
29/10/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
- HS biet Cay trong can nhng nguyen to dinh dng nao; thanh phan
hoa hoc cua cac loai phan am, phan lan, phan kali, phan phc hp va cach
ieu che cac loai phan bon nay; mot so nha may san xuat phan bon hoa
hoc Viet Nam.
2. K nang:
- Phan biet va s dung mot so phan bon hoa hoc thong thng.
3. Tnh cam, thai o.
- Co y thc bao ve moi trng va bao ve an toan thc pham.
53

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Mot so mau phan bon hoa hoc ang dung hien nay.
2. Th nghiem ve tnh tan cua mot so phan bon coc thuy tinh; ua thuy tinh;
phan bon hoa hoc.
3. Nhan hiet mot so phan bon hoa hoc GV chuan b.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ / Hoan thanh chuoi cac phan ng, ghi kem ieu kien moi
phang ( neu co).
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
P P
2
O
5
H
3
PO
4
NaH
2
PO
4
Na
2
HPO
4
Na
3
PO
4
Ag
3
PO
4

b/ Bai tap 2 SGK 54
c/ Kiem tra hoc bai va lam bai tap.
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV phan bon hoa hoc la
g? e phat trien bnh
thng, cay coi can
nhng nguyen to nao,
va di dang phan t,
ion hay nguyen t ? Tai
sao phai bon phan hoa
hoc cho cay ? co nhng
loai phan bon chnh nao ?
HS oc noi dung SGK
va tra li he
thong cac cau hoi
cua GV
($GK trang 55).
+ Phan bon hoa hoc la
nhng hoa chat co cha
cac nguyen to dinh
dng, c bon cho cay
nham nang cao nang
suat mua mang. (.)
+ Phan am, phan lan,
phan kali
HOAT ONG 2 I. PHAN AM
GV phan am la g ? Cay
hoa hp nit di dang
nao?
HS neu khai niem
phan am.
+ Cung cap nit hoa hp
cho cay di dang ion
nitrat
-
3
NO va ion amoni
4
NH .

GV tac dung cua phan
am oi vi cay trong
nh the nao?
anh gia ham lng dinh
dng cua phan am nh
the nao
Trong o A co the la
NH
4
NO
3
, NaNO
3
,
(NH
2
)
2
CO. M= 60; 85;
60,.GV cho HS quan sat
mot so mau phan am
va th tnh tan.
GV yeu cau HS tom tat
kien thc va ien vao
bang sau

HS quan sat mot so
mau phan am va
th tnh tan.trong
nc.
HS oc SGK, tra li
he thong cac cau
hoi e rut ra kien
thc can nh

Tac dung:
- Tang ham lng protit
TV.
- Canh la xanh ti.
- Cay phat trien nhanh,
manh.
- Cho nhieu cu, qua, hat.
anh gia ha2 lng
dinh dng: %N=
.100
N
A
m
M

54
1. Phan am
amoni
2. Phan am
nitrat
3. Phan ure
(NH
2
)
2
CO
a) T/phan hoahoc
chnh
Cha ion amoni
4
NH
Cha ion nitrat
-
3
NO
Cha ion amoni
4
NH
(khi tan trongnc)
(NH2)2CO +2H2O
(NH4)2CO3
b) Phng phap
ieu che
Axit + NH
3
HNO
3
+ muoi
cacbonat kim loai
tng ng
CO
2
+ 2NH
3

0 0
180 200
200
C
atm

(NH
2
)
2
CO

c) Dang ion hoac
hp chat ma cay
ong hoa
Ion
4
NH
Ion
-
3
NO
Ion
4
NH
d) u, nhc iem hoac chu
y can thiet khi s dung
Khong tron vi voi
hoac tro e bon cung
luc. De hut am
NH4NO3 bon c cho
moi loai at. De hut
am, trang thai ran k
la.
Ham lng am cao, la loai
am tot nhat hien nay, bon
moi loai at, de hut am,
de b thoai hoa.
HOAT ONG 3 II. PHAN LAN
GV phan lan la g ? Cay
hoa hp P di dang
nao?
GV tac dung cua phan
lan oi vi cay trong
nh the nao?
dng cua phan lan nh
the nao?

GV yeu cau HS tom tat
kien thc va ien vao
bang sau
HS neu khai niem
phan am.

+ Cung cap P cho cay
di dang ion photphat (
3loai .).
Tac dung:
- Thuc ay qua trnh sinh
hoa, trao oi chat va
nang lng TV.
- Lam cho cay khoe.
- Hat chac, cu to.
a2 lng.%P
2
O
5
=
2 5
.100
P
m
M

1. $upe photphat
2. Phan Ian nung
chay
a. Supe photphat
n
b. Supe photphat
kep
a) T/phan hoahoc
chnh
ham lng P
2
O
5
Thanh phan hoahoc chnh
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

Hon hp photphat
va silicat cua Ca
va Mg cha 12 14
% P
2
O
5

14 20 % P
2
O
5
40 50 % P
2
O
5

b) Phng phap
ieu che
a. Supe photphat n Quang ( PP hoac apatit) + H
2
SO
4

ac;
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ 2CaSO
4
them nc e
tao
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

.
CaSO
4
.2H
2
O la hh cua canxi ihiro photphat
va TC
b. Supe photphat kep Quang (PP hoac apatit) + H
2
SO
4

Ca
3
(PO
4
)
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
2H
3
PO
4
+ 3CaSO
4
va
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
4
+ H
3
PO
4
3Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

c. Phan nung chay
Quang (PP hoac apatit) + a olonit ( MgCO
3
. CaCO
3
) hoac
a xa

Van, hoac bach van ( chu yeu la MgSiO
3
) + Than coc
0
1000 C , Lo ng
Lam nguoi nhanh bang nc
say kho, nghien bot.
c) Dang ion hoac
on photphat
3-
4
PO
55
hp chat ma cay
ong hoa
d) u, nhc iem hoac chu
y can thiet khi s dung
CaSO4 khong tan lam ran
at.
Khong co ch.

Thch hp at chua
HOAT ONG 4
III. PHAN KALI
GV cho $ traP li he
thong cau hoPi:
GV Phan kali la g ? Cay
hoa hp K di dang
nao?
GV tac dung cua kali oi
vi cay trong nh the
nao?
dng cua kali nh the
nao?
GV cho biet mot so loai
phan kali chnh, thanh
phan hoa hoc va cong
dung?
HS t oc SGK va
tom tat ve kien
thc can nh ve
phan kali.
+ Cung cap cho cay trong
nguyen to K di dang ion
K
+
.
Tac dung:
- Lam cho cay hap thu
nhieu am hn, chong
benh, chu ret, chu han.
- Giup cho viec che tao
ng, x, dau.
+ a2 lng: % K
2
O tng
ng vi lng K co trong
thanh phan cua no.
HOAT ONG 5
V. PHAN HON HP VA PHAN PHC HP;
GV cho HS oc noi dung
SGK e biet c khai
niem, cach san xuat.
HS oc noi dung SGK
e biet c khai
niem, cach san
xuat.
Khai niem:
+ Phan hon hp tron t
cac phan n cha N, P, K
con goi la phan NPK.
+ Phan phc hp c
san xuat bang phng
phap hoa hoc.
( v du amophot la hon
hp 2 muoi
3NH
3
+2H
3
PO
4

NH
4
H
2
PO
4
+ (NH
4
)
2
HPO
4
)
HOAT ONG 6
VI. PHAN VI LNG
GV cho HS oc SGK e
biet c Khai niem,
thanh phan , tac dung
va cach dung.
HS oc SGK e biet
c Khai niem,
thanh phan , tac
dung vqa cach dung.
Khai niem:
+ La loai phan cung cap cho
cay mot lng nho cac
nguyen to nh B, Zn, Mn, Cu,
Mo.nham tang kha nang
kch thch qua trnh sinh
trng cho cay. Bon cung
phan vo c hoac hu c,
tuy loai cay va at.
HOAT ONG 7
4/ Cung co: a) Hay phan biet cac loai phan am sau bang phng phap
hoa hoc
Ca(NO
3
)
2
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, NH
4
NO
3
.
5/ Bai tap ve nha trang 58, chuan b cho Iuyen tap.

BAI &>N TA>!:
56

13 TNH CHAT CUA NIT, PHOTPHO VA
CAC HP CHAT CUA CHUNG
10 19 oang Van oan 02/11/2007 05 / 11 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
Cung co, on tap cac tnh chat cua nit, photpho, amoniac va muoi amoni,
axit nitric va muoi nitrat, axit photphoric va muoi phot phat; So sanh tnh chat cua
n chat va mot so hp chat cua nit va photpho.
2. K nang:
Tren c s cac kien thc hoa hoc cua chng 2. Nit Photpho luyen tap
k nang giai cac bai tap hoa hoc chu y bai tap tong hp co noi dung lien
quan.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Chuan b san cac bang so sanh.
Neu co ieu kien, GV chuan b mot so bai tap thc nghiem phan biet
muoi nitrat, amoni,
photphat.
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu: ( ket hp vi noidung luyen tap).
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I. KIEN THC CAN NH :
$O $AN
- Cau hnh electron
- o am ien
- Cau tao phan t
- Cac so oxihoa
- Tnh chat hoa hoc
- Tnh kh ( t/d vi oxi)
- Tnh oxihoa(KL
manh,H
2
)
NIT
1s
2
2s
2
2p
3

3,0
N N
-3 , 0 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- KBT ( ben)
Yeu
manh
!OT!O
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
3

2,1
P(trang) P
4
, P (o)
polime (P)
n

-3,0,+3.+5
- KBT ( kem ben hn)
Co (de hn)
Yeu hn Nit

- Tnh chat vat l
- Tnh chat hoa hoc c
ban
- ieu che
- Nhan biet
N

- Chat kh
- Baz yeu
- N
2
+ H
2
( t
0
, p, xt)
- Quy tm am , dd
HCl
&OI AONI (N
4
)
- Chat ran
- De b nhiet phan
- NH
3
+ Axit
- + Dung dch baz
NH
3

- Cong thc cau tao
- So oxi hoa cua phi kim
(N, P)
- Tnh axit
- Tnh oxi hoa
- Nhan biet
Axit Nitric
- HNO
3
- +5
- Manh
- Co ( manh)
- Cu
Axit photphoric
- H
3
PO
4

- +5
- Trung bnh
- Khong co

.
uoi nitrat uoi photphat
57
- Tnh tan trong nc
- Tnh chat muoi
- Tac dung vi axit
- Tnh oxi hoa
- B nhiet phan huy

- Nhan biet
- Hau het tan trong
nc.

- H
2
SO
4
HNO
3
- Khi b un nong
khanO
2
- Tao MNO
2
+ O
2
, M
x
O
y
+
NO
2
+ O
2
; M + NO
2
+ O
2
- H
2
SO
4
+ Cu
- Muoi cha KLK, NH
4
+

va muoi khac cha
H
2
PO
4
-
tan.
- H
2
SO
4
H
3
PO
4

- Khong co

- Dd AgNO
3

HOAT ONG 2 BAI TAP
Bai 1 Cho biet so oxi hoa cua N va
P trong cac phan t va ion sau
NH
3
, NH
4
+
, NO
2
, NO
3
, NH
4
HCO
3
, P
2
O
3
,
PBr
5
, PO
4
3-
, KH
2
PO
4
, Zn
3
(PO
4
)
2

Bai 2
Chon cong thc ung cua magie
photphua
a. Mg
3
(PO
4
)
2
b. Mg(PO
3
)
2
c. Mg
3
P
2

d. Mg
2
P
2
O
7

Bai
a) Lap cac phng trnh phan ng
sau ay

NH
3
+ Cl
2
d N
2
+ ..
NH
3
d + Cl
2
NH
4
Cl + .
NH
3
+ CH
3
COOH .
(NH
4
)
3
PO
4

4
t
H
3
PO
4
+ .
Zn(NO3)
2
4
t

...
b) Lap cac phng trnh hoa hoc
dang phan t va ion rut gon cua
phan ng gia cac chat sau ay
K
3
PO
4
va Ba(NO
3
)
2

Na
3
PO
4
va CaCl
2

Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
va Ca(OH)
2

(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
va Ba(OH)
2

Bai 4 :
T H
2
, Cl
2
, N
2
viet phng trnh phan
ng ieu che phan am NH
4
Cl .
Bai 5 Viet phng trnh hoa hoc
the hien cac day chuyen hoa sau
ay
a)

NO NO
2
HNO
3

N
2
NH
3
NH
4
NO
3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(8)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(4)

Bai 1 HS co the ng tai cho e
tra li

Bai 2 Cau C

Bai
a)
- Tng hoc sinh len bang hoan
thanh phng trnh phan ng .
- Chu y ren luyen viec can bang
phan ng
2NH
3
+ 3Cl
2
d N
2
+ 6 HCl
8NH
3
d + 3Cl
2
6NH
4
Cl + N
2
NH
3
+ CH
3
COOH CH
3
COONH
4
(NH
4
)
3
PO
4

4
t
H
3
PO
4
+ 3NH
3
2Zn(NO
3
)
2
4
t

2ZnO + 4NO
2
+ O
2
b)

K
3
PO
4
+ Ba(NO
3
)
2
Ba
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3KNO
3

Na
3
PO
4
+ CaCl
2
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ 3Na
3
PO
4

Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+
H
2
O
(NH
4
)
3
PO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba
3
(PO
4
)
2
+NH
3

+H
2
O
Bai 4 N
2
+ 3H
2
2NH
3

H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl
NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
Bai 5
(1) 2N
2
+ 3H
2

0
t , xt
p

2NH
3

(2) NH
3
+ HNO
3
NH
4
NO
3

(3) NH
4
NO
3
+NaOHNH
3
+NaNO
3

(4) N
2
+ O
2

0
3000 C
Tia l a ien
2NO
(5) 2NO + O
2
2NO
2

(6) 2H
2
O + 4NO
2
+ O
2
4HNO
3

(7) 4HNO
3
+ Cu Cu(NO
3
)
2
+
58

b)
Photpho B C P
2
O
5
+ Ca,t
0
+HCl + O
2
,t
0
(1) (2) (3)

Bai 6 Hay a ra cac phan ng
hoa hoc co s tham gia cua n chat
photpho, trong o so oxi hoa cua
photpho a) tang b) giam

Bai 7: Khi cho 3g hon hp Cu va Al
tac dung vi dung dch HNO
3
ac ,
un nong sinh ra 4,48lit kh duy nhat la
NO
2
(ktc) . Xac nh thanh phan %
cua hon hp ban au ?

Bai 8 Cho 6g P
2
O
5
vao 25ml dd H
3
PO
4

6% ( D=1,03g/ml) . Tnh nong o %
cua H
3
PO
4
trong dung dch tao thanh ?

Bai 9 Can bon bao nhieu kilogam
phan am amoni nitrat cha 97,5%
NH
4
NO
3
cho 10,0 hecta khoai tay, biet
rang 1,00 hecta khai tay can 60,0kg
nit.
2NO
2
+2H
2
O
(8) HNO
3
+ NH
3
NH
4
NO
3
b) (1) 2P + 3Ca
4
t

Ca
3
P
2
(B)
(2) Ca
3
P
2
+ 6 HCl 2PH
3
(C)
(3) 4PH
3
+ 5O
2
2P
2
O
5
+ 2H
2
O

Bai 6
a) 4
0
P + 5O
2

0
t C
d oxi
2
5
2
5
P O

b) 2
0
P + 3Mg
0
t

-3
3 2
Mg P
Bai 7 Goi x, y la so mol cua Cu va
Al
Cu + 4HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+
2H
2
O
Al + 6HNO
3
Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+
3H
2
O
Giai he 64x + 27y = 3
2x + 3y = 0,2 => x , y=> m =>
%m
Bai 8: P
2
O
5
+ 3H
2
O 2 H
3
PO
4

1 mol 2 mol
(6 142) mol 2(6142) mol
dd = 6 (25 x 1,0) = 1,75 (g)
Khoi lng axit H
3
PO
4
co san trong
dd
(25 x 1,03) x 6% = 1.55 (g)
Khoi lng axit H
3
PO
4
do 6 (g) P
2
O
5
tao
ra
98x2(6142) = 8,28 (g)
Tong khoi lng H
3
PO
4
trong dd
1.55 + 8,28 = 9,83 (g)
Cuoi cung (9,83 x100) ( 31,75) =
30,96%

Bai 9:
10 ha khoai can 10 x 60 = 600 (kg) nit
Trong NH
4
NO
3
c 80 (kg) co 28 (kg)
N
C 100kg phan am co 97,5kg
NH
4
NO
3
se co
28,0x97,5
34,1(kg)
80
nit
Vay, x 600 (kg)
nit
00
100x 170kg
34,1
< phan am
4/ Dan do ve nha: Xem bai thc hanh so 2 trang 63 $GK.

59

BAI
13
&>N TA>!:
TNH CHAT CUA NIT, PHOTPHO VA
CAC HP CHAT CUA CHUNG
10 20/ t2 oang Van oan 02/11/2007 07 / 11 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
Cung co, on tap cac tnh chat cua nit, photpho, amoniac va muoi amoni,
axit nitric va muoi nitrat, axit photphoric va muoi phot phat; So sanhtnh chat cua n
chat va mot so hp chat cua nit va photpho.
2. K nang:
Tren c s cac kien thc hoa hoc cua chng 2. Nit Photpho luyen tap
k nang giai cac bai tap hoa hoc chu y bai tap tong hp co noi dung lien
quan.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Chuan b san cac bang so sanh.
Neu co ieu kien, GV chuan b mot so bai tap thc nghiem phan biet
muoi nitrat, amoni,
photphat.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu: ( ket hp vi noidung luyen tap).
/ oc bai 2i:
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG CUA THAY VA
TRO
HOAC GI Y CUA GV
Bai tap bo sung:
Bai tap 1: (2.35 SBT)
Cho cac chat sau Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
, P
2
O
5
, P, H
3
PO
4
,
NaH
2
PO
4
, NH
4
H
2
PO
4
, Na
3
PO
4
, Ag
3
PO
4
. Hay lap
mot day bien hoa bieu dien quan he gia cac
chat tren. Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc va
neu ro phan ng thuoc loai nao?
Bai tap 2: (2.46 SBT) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc
thc hien cac day chuyen hoa sau
1.NH
4
ClNH
3
N
2
NONO
2
HNO
3
NaNO
3
NaNO
2

NaNO
2
2. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
PP
2
O
5
H
3
PO
4
NaH
2
PO
4
Na
2
HPO
4
Na
3
PO
4
Bai tap 3: Kh nit co the c tao thanh trong
Bai tap 1:
Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
PP
2
O
5
H
3
PO
4

NH
4
H
2
PO
4
NaH
2
PO
4
Na
3
PO
4
Ag
3
PO
4
( cho HS viet p)

Bai tap 2: ( cho HS viet
p)
(2.46 SBT trang 19)

60
phan ng hoa hoc nao sau ay ?
A) ot chay NH
3
trong oxi co mat chat xuc
tacplatin.
B) Nhiet phan NH
4
NO
3

Bai tap 3: ( SBT 2.47 tr 19)
D) Nhiet phan NH
4
NO
2
NH
4
NO
2
0
t

N
2
+ 2H
2
O

C) Nhiet phan AgNO
3

D) Nhiet phan NH
4
NO
2

Bai tap 4: Cap chat nao sau ay co the ton
tai trong cung mot dung dch.
A) Axit nitric va ong nitrat
B) ong nitrat va amoniac
C) Bari hiroxit va axit photphoric
D) Amoni hiro photphat va kali hiroxit.
Bai tap 5: Viet phng trnh hoa hoc dang
phan t va dang ion rut gon cua phan ng
xay ra trong dung dch gia cac chat sau
1. bari clorua va natri photphat
2. axit photphoric va can xi hiroxit, tao ra muoi t
tan.
3. axit nitric ac, nong va sat kim loai
4. natri nitrat, axit sunfuric loang va ong kim loai.

Bai tap 6: Co 4 lo khong dan nhan ng
rieng biet tng dung dch loang cua cac chat
sau H
3
PO
4
, BaCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. Ch s dung
dung dch HCl hay neu cach phan biet chat
ng moi lo. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua
phan ng.

Bai tap 7: Cho cac chat sau 3Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
.CaF
2
,
H
3
PO
4
, NH
4
H
2
PO
4
, NaH
2
PO
4
, K
3
PO
4
, Ag
3
PO
4
. Hay
lap mot day chuyen hoa bieu dien moi quan
he gia cac chat o. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc
cua cac phan ng thc hien day chuyen hoa
tren.
Gi y:
1. 3Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
.CaF
2
+10 H
2
SO
4
6H
3
PO
4
+
10CaSO
4
+2HF
2. H
3
PO
4
+ NH
3
NH
4
H
2
PO
4

3. NH
4
H
2
PO
4
+ NaOH NaH
2
PO
4
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O
4. 3NaH
2
PO
4
+ 6KOH Na
3
PO
4
+ 2K
3
PO
4
+ 6H
2
O
5. K
3
PO
4
+ 3AgNO
3
Ag
3
PO
4
+ 3KNO
3

Bai tap 8: Hoa tan 12,8g kim loai hoa tr trong
mot lng va u dung dch HNO
3
60,0% ( D=
1,265g/ml), thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) mot kh duy nhat
mau nau o. Ten cua kim loai va the tch dung
dch HNO
3
a phan ng la
A) ong, 61,5ml B) thuy ngan,
125,6ml
C) ch, 65,1ml D) sat, 82,3ml
Bai tap 9: Rot dung dch cha 11,76 g H
3
PO
4

Bai tap 4: ( SBT 2.48 tr 20)
A) Axit nitric va ong nitrat

Bai tap 5: ( SBT 2.49 tr 20)
GV cho HS viet phan ng.

Bai tap 6: ( SBT 2.50 tr 20)
Gi y dung HCl e phat
hien Na
2
CO
2
sau o dung
Na
2
CO
2
e phat hien cac
chat con lai Cho Na
2
CO
2

thay co bot kh bay len
la H
3
PO
4
, co ket tua
trang la BaCl
2
, khong co
hien tng g la
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
( cho HS viet
phan ng)

Bai tap 7: ( SBT 2.51 tr 20)
Gi y theo th t
3Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
.CaF
2
, H
3
PO
4
,
NH
4
H
2
PO
4
, NaH
2
PO
4
, K
3
PO
4
,
Ag
3
PO
4
.

Bai tap 8: ( SBT 2.52 tr 20)
A) ong, 61,5ml
M+4HNO
3
M(NO
3
)
2
+2NO
2

+2H
2
O
M 2mol
12,8
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C C
C C
C

2x12,8
M 4
0,4
Cu dung
0,8 mol HNO
3
, m = 0,8 x 63 = 50,4
g
Kl dd =
50,4x100
84,0g
0,0

V
dd
axit HNO
3
=
84
1,53 ml
1,35

61
vao dung dch cha16,80 g KOH. Sau phan ng,
cho dung dch bay hi en kho. tnh khoi lng
muoi khan thu c.

Gi y:

3 4
H PO
n 11,76 98 = 0.12 mol,
KOH
n = 16,80 56 = 0,3
KOH
n
3 4
H PO
n = 0,3 0.12 = 2,5 do 2< 2,5< 3 nen
Co cac phan ng
2KOH + H
3
PO
4
K
2
HPO
4
+ 2H
2
O
0,24 ~ 0,12 0,12
Va KOH + K
2
HPO
4
K
3
PO
4
+ H
2
O
0,3 0,24 = 0,06 mol d 0,06 0,06

Vay sau phan ng co 0,12 0,06 = 0,06 mol
K
2
HPO
4
0,06 mol K
3
PO
4

m K
2
HPO
4
= 174 x 0,06 = 10,44 g
mK
3
PO
4
= 212x 0,06 = 12,72 g
m
muoi
= 10,44 + 12,72 = 23,16 g
GV gi cho HS giai bai tap

BAI
BAI TCC AN 2:
TNH CHAT CUA MOT $O HP CHAT
62

14 NIT, PHOTPHO.
10
21
oang Van oan

08/11/2007
12/ 11 /200 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc: Lam cac th nghiem chng minh
- Tnh oxi hoa manh cua axit nitric.
- Tnh oxi hoa cua muoi kali nitrat
- Th nghiem phan biet mot so loai phan bon hoa hoc.
2. K nang:
-Ren luyen k nang thc hanh th nghiem vi lng nho hoa chat, am
bao an toan, chnh xac thanh cong.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Dung cu th nghiem Ong nghiem, ong nho giot, kep hoa chat, en con.
2. Hoa chat
- Dd HNO
3
ac va dd HNO
3
loang,15% - KNO
3
tinh the

- Mot so phan bon hoa hoc (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, KCl, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
- Than cui
- Dung dch BaCl
2
, AgNO
3
, nc voi trong ( dd Ca(OH)
2
) - Cu va bong
tam xut.
So lng dung cu, hoa chat u cho HS lam thc hanh theo nhom.
3. HS on tap nhng noi dung kien thc ve nit, photpho co lien quan en cac
th nghiem thc
hanh.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:

/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
I. NOI DUNG TH NGHIEM VA CACH TIEN HANH
HOAT ONG 1:
Th nghiem 1 Tnh oxi hoa cua axit nitric ac , Ioang
GV giup HS on lai ly thuyet
va hng dan HS lam TN.

(1)
bong tam xut
HNO
3
ac
Cu

HS lam TN, quan
sat hien tng,
ghi chep.

* Cach tien hanh.
a. Ong 1 nghiem cha 0,5 ml
dd HNO
3
ac + mot manh
nho Cu vao.
b. Ong 2 nghiem cha 0,5 ml
dd HNO
3
loang + mot manh
nho Cu vao, un nhe. Nut
cac ong bang bong tam dd
NaOH.
Ong 1 HNO
3
+ Cu
Ong 2 HNO
3
loang + Cu
4
t

63

HNO
3
l oang
(2)
bong tam xut
Cu

u y: Can nhac nh hoc sinh caan than khi lam viec vi HO
3
ac , HO
3

loang
KhJ O
2
oc , can cho hoc sinh lam vi lng nho .
HOAT ONG 2
Th nghiem 2: Tnh oxi hoa cua muoi kaIi nitrat nong
chay
va hng dan HS lam TN.

Than nong
o
KNO
3
Day thep
nho

HS lam TN, quan
sat hien tng,
ghi chep.
* Cach tien hanh va gi
y.
Mot ong nghiem kho chu
nhiet tren gia sat, tren
chau cat, cho mot t tinh
the KNO3 vao roi dung
en con ot manh ong
nghiem, khi co bot kh, ot
mau than ben la a vao
mieng ong nghiem.
2KNO
3

4
t
2KNO
2
+ O
2

C + O
2
CO
2

u y: Lam thJ nhiem vi lng nho KO
3

KO
3
nong chay het mi cho than vao ong nghiem .
HOAT ONG 3
Th nghiem 3: Phan biet mot so Ioai phan bon hoa hoc
va hng dan HS lam TN. a)

4 - 5
ml H
2
O
4 - 5
ml H
2
O
Bang hat ngo
KCl Ca(H
2
SO
2
)
2
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
(1)
(2)
(3)

b) San thanh 3 ong khac
moi ong 1 ml moi dung dch.
(1) (2)
(3)
KCl (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
1 ml dd 1 ml dd
1 ml dd

0,5 ml dd NaOH
( Sau cung un nong nhe3 ong
vathmoi ong bang quytm t)

c)
HS lam TN, quan
sat hien tng,
ghi chep, giai
thch.

+ Lam tng
trnh viet PTHH
dang phan t,
ion ay u va
thu gon.

+ Lam tng
* Cach tien hanh va gi
y.
Quan sat be ngoai cac
phan bon.
a) Th tnh tan cua phan
bon (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, KCl,
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. Cho vao 3 lo 4 -5
ml nc, cho vao moi ong
bang hat ngo moi loai
phan bon, lac quan sat.
Sau o san thanh 3 ong
nho, moi ong 1 ml moi loai
e lam cac TN sau
b) Cho vao moi ong 0,5 ml
dd NaOH un len ca 3 ong
va th bang giay quy t,
neu quy chuyen mau xanh
la (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.
Ong 3 co mui khai , quy
tm chuyen sang mau xanh
Chng to co NH
4
+

NH
4
+
+ OH
-

4
t
NH
3
+
64

Vai gi ot dung dch
AgNO
3
1 ml
dd Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

1ml
dd KCl
(1) (2)

trnh viet PTHH
dang phan t,
ion ay u va
thu gon.
H
2
O
c) Con lai la KCl va
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
. th 2 dd cua hai
loai phan bon nay vi dd
AgNO
3
Ong 1 Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
+ 6AgNO
3

2Ag
3
PO
4
+ Ca(NO
3
)
2
+ 4HNO
3
Ong 2 KCl + AgNO
3

II. VIET TNG TRNH (nop)
HOAT ONG 4: + Nhac nh on tap chuan b cho kiem tra 45 phut.

KIEM TRA 45 PHUT ( $O 2)

Tuan Tiet Ngi soan Ngay soanNgay kiem tra Day Ip
11 22 oang Van oan 08 /11/2007 15/ 11/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
I - Muc tieu bai hoc:

1. Kien thc: anh gia chat lng HS ve viec nam cac kien thc c
ban chng nit,
phot pho va cac hp chat cua chung.
2 .Ky nang: K nang viet phan ng, can bang va giai toan hoa hoc.

II - Chuan b : Bai soan kiem tra trac nghiem va t luan.
------------------------------------
1TIET (so 2)
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Lp 11B..
Noi dung e so: 001

Cau 1 Cac chat nao sau ay khong b nhiet phan?
A. NaNO
3
, AgNO
3
B. NaHCO
3
,
Cu(OH)
2

C. Na
2
CO
3
, CaO D. NH
4
NO
2
, NaCl
Cau 2 Trong phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc cua phan ng nhiet phan bac
nitrat, tong cac he so bang bao nhieu?
A. 5 B. 21 C. 7 D. 6
Cau 3 Chat long nao sau ay co the hap thu kh NO
2
( ieu kien thng)?
A. H
2
O B. Dung dch
HNO
3

C. NaOH D. Dung dch
NaNO
3
Cau 4Nhiet phan hoan toan Pb(NO
3
)
2
thu c nhng san pham nao?
A. Pb, NO
2
, O
2
B. PbO, NO
2
, O
2
C. PbO, O
2
D. Pb(NO
2
)
2
, O
2

Cau 5 Kim loai nao sau ay phan ng c vi HNO
3
am ac, nguoi?
A. Al, Ag B. Fe, Cu C. Cu, Mg, Ag D. Al, Fe
Cau 6 Cac muoi nao sau ay khong tan trong nc?
A. NaH
2
PO
4
, KNO
3
, Ag
3
PO
4
B. AgCl, CaHPO
4
, CaCO
3

C. K
2
HPO
4
, AgCl, BaSO
4
, D. (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

Cau 7 Chat nao sau ay tac dung vi dung dch HNO
3
loang sinh ra kh NO?
65
A. CuO B. FeO C. ZnO D. MgO
Cau 8 Phng phap nao sau ay dung e ieu che N
2
trong phong th nghiem?
A. Nhiet phan muoi amoni nitrit B. Chng cat phan oan khong kh
long
C. Phan huy amoniac bang tia la
ien
D. Cho kem tac dung vi HNO
3
rat
loang
Cau 9 NH
3
ong vai tro chat kh trong phan ng nao sau ay?
A. NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
B. NH
3
+ H
2
O

4
NH
+ OH
-

C. 4NH
3
+ 3O
2
0
t
2N
2
+ 6H
2
O
D. 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
Cau 10 Ngi ta cho Ca(OH)
2
tac dung vi H
3
PO
4
vi t le so mol la 1 2 th thu
c muoi g?
A.
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

B. CaHPO
3
va
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

C. CaHPO
3
D. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2

Cau 1: ( 2 iem)
Bang phng phap hoa hoc hay nhan biet cac dung dch ng trong cac
lo mat nhan rieng biet sau HCl, HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
. Viet phng trnh phan ng.
Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Hoa tan hoan toan 17,6 gam 1 hon hp gom CuO va Cu trong dung dch
HNO
3
am ac thu c 6,72 lt kh NO
2
( o ktc).
a/ Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra.
b/ tnh thanh phan phan tram cua moi chat trong hon hp ban au.
( Chu Cu = 64, O = 16)
---------------------------------
BA LAM.
A. PHAN TRAC NGHEM Hoc sinh chon ap an ung va ien vao cac o
sau
Cau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ap
an

B. PHAN T LUAN
.........................................
.........................................
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66
.........................................
....................
1TIET (so 2)
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Lp 11B..
Noi dung e so: 002

A.6 B. 21 C. 5 D. 7
2
( ieu kien thng)?
A. Dung dch
NaNO
3

B. H
2
O C. Dung dch
HNO
3

D. NaOH

2
tac dung vi H
3
PO
4
c muoi g?
A. CaHPO
3
B. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
C. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
D. CaHPO
3
va
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

A. NaH
2
PO
4
, KNO
3
, Ag
3
PO
4
B. (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

C. AgCl, CaHPO
4
, CaCO
3
D. K
2
HPO
4
, AgCl, BaSO
4

3
)
2
A. PbO, NO
2
, O
2
B. Pb, NO
2
, O
2
C. Pb(NO
2
)
2
, O
2
D. PbO, O
2

2
A. Phan huy amoniac bang tia la
ien
B. Cho kem tac dung vi HNO
3
rat
loang
C. Chng cat phan oan khong kh
long
D. Nhiet phan muoi amoni nitrit
A. NaHCO
3
,
Cu(OH)
2

B. Na
2
CO
3
, CaO C. NaNO
3
, AgNO
3
D. NH
4
NO
2
, NaCl
3
A. FeO B. MgO C. CuO D. ZnO
3
am ac, nguoi?
A. Al, Ag B. Fe, Cu C. Cu, Mg, Ag D. Al, Fe
Cau 10 NH
3
A. 4NH
3
+ 3O
2
0
t
2N
2
+ 6H
2
O
B. NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
C. NH
3
+ H
2
O

4
NH
+ OH
-

D. 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
Cau 1: ( 2 iem)
lo mat nhan rieng biet sau NaCl, NaNO
3
, Na
3
PO
4

Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Hoa tan hoan toan 5,2 gam 1 hon hp gom MgO va Mg trong dung dch
HNO
3
2
( o ktc).
( Chu Mg = 24, O = 16)
67
BA LAM.
C. PHAN TRAC NGHEM Hoc sinh chon ap an ung va ien vao cac o
sau
Cau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ap
an

D. PHAN T LUAN
.........................................
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...........................-----------------------------------------

1TIET (so 2)
Ngay kiem
tra.......
Lp 11B..
Noi dung e so: 003

A-PHAN TRAC NGHIEM: ( 5 iem).
2
( ieu kien thng)?
A. NaOH B. H
2
O C.Dung dch NaNO
3
D. Dung dch
HNO
3

3
am ac, nguoi?
A. Al, Ag B. Fe, Cu C. Al, Fe D. Cu, Mg, Ag
A. NH
4
NO
2
, NaCl B. NaHCO
3
,
Cu(OH)
2

C. Na
2
CO
3
, CaO D. NaNO
3
, AgNO
3

Cau 4 Nhiet phan hoan toan Pb(NO
3
)
2
68
A. Pb, NO
2
, O
2
B. PbO, NO
2
, O
2
C. PbO, O
2
D. Pb(NO
2
)
2
, O
2

A. 21 B. 7 C. 5 D. 6
2
A. Chng cat phan oan khong kh
long
B. Cho kem tac dung vi HNO
3
rat
loang
C. Phan huy amoniac bang tia la
ien
A. K
2
HPO
4
, AgCl, BaSO
4
B. AgCl, CaHPO
4
, CaCO
3

C. NaH
2
PO
4
, KNO
3
, Ag
3
PO
4
D. (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

Cau 8 NH
3
A. 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
B. NH
3
+ H
2
O

4
NH
+ OH
-

C. NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
D. 4NH
3
+ 3O
2
0
t
2N
2
+ 6H
2
O
2
tac dung vi H
3
PO
4
c muoi g?
A. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
B. CaHPO
3
va
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

C.CaHPO
3
D. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

3
A. MgO B. FeO C. CuO D. ZnO

Cau 1: ( 2 iem)
lo mat nhan rieng biet sau HCl, HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Hoa tan hoan toan 17,6 gam 1 hon hp gom CuO va Cu trong dung dch
HNO
3
2
( o ktc).
( Chu Cu = 64, O = 16)
BA LAM.
E. PHAN TRAC NGHEM Hoc sinh chon ap an ung va ien vao cac o
sau
Cau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ap
an

F. PHAN T LUAN
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69
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---------------------------------------------
1TIET (so 2)
Ngay kiem
tra..........
Lp 11B..
Noi dung e so: 004

A- PHAN TRAC NGHIEM: ( 5 iem).
Cau 1 NH
3
A. NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl
B. 4NH
3
+ 3O
2
0
t
2N
2
+ 6H
2
O
C. 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Cl
D. NH
3
+ H
2
O

4
NH
+ OH
-

2
tac dung vi H
3
PO
4
c muoi g?
A. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
B. CaHPO
3
va
Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

C. CaHPO
3
D. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2

3
am ac, nguoi?
A. Al, Ag B. Fe, Cu C. Al, Fe D. Cu, Mg, Ag
3
A. ZnO B. MgO C. FeO D. CuO
A. AgCl, CaHPO
4
, CaCO
3
B. (NH
4
)
3
PO
4
, Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2

C. NaH
2
PO
4
, KNO
3
, Ag
3
PO
4
D. K
2
HPO
4
, AgCl, BaSO
4

3
)
2
A. Pb, NO
2
, O
2
B. Pb(NO
2
)
2
, O
2
C. PbO, NO
2
, O
2
D. PbO, O
2

Cau 7 Chat long nao sau ay co the hap thu hoan toan kh NO
2
( ieu kien
thng)?
A. Dung dch
HNO
3

B. NaOH C. Dung dch
NaNO
3

D. H
2
O
70
2
A. Phan huy amoniac bang tia la
ien
B. Chng cat phan oan khong kh
long
C. Cho kem tac dung vi HNO
3
rat
loang
A. Na
2
CO
3
, CaO B.NaHCO
3
, Cu(OH)
2
C. NaNO
3
, AgNO
3
D. NH
4
NO
2
, NaCl
A. 7 B. 21 . C. 6 D. 5

Cau 1: ( 2 iem)
lo mat nhan rieng biet sau NaCl, NaNO
3
, Na
3
PO
4

Cau 2: ( 3 iem)
Hoa tan hoan toan 5,2 gam 1 hon hp gom MgO va Mg trong dung dch
HNO
3
2
( o ktc).
( Chu Mg = 24, O = 16)
-------------------------------------------------------
BA LAM.
A-PHAN TRAC NGHEM Hoc sinh chon ap an ung va ien vao cac o sau
Cau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ap
an

B- PHAN T LUAN
.........................................
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71
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---------------------------------------------

AP AN: A- PHAN TRAC NGHIEM:
E 001
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A C C C B C B B A C A
E 002
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A D D C C A D B A C A
E 003
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A A D C B B D B D D B
E 004
CAU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
/A B A D C A C B D A A
B- PHAN T LUAN:
e 1+ 3. Cau 1:
- Dung dung dch BaCl
2
nha biet H
2
SO
4

Co ket tua
trang
- BaCl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ 2HCl
- Dung AgNO
3
nhan HCl. Co ket tua trang
- AgNO
3
+ HCl AgCl + HNO
3

- ( Hoac cach khac)
0,5 iem
0,5 iem
0,5 iem
0,5 iem
Cau 2:
a/

b/
- Cu + 4HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- CuO + 2HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
- nNO
2
= 6,72 22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
-
2
Cu NO
1 0,3
n n 0,15 (mol)
2 2

- m
Cu
= 0,15x 64 = 9,6 (g)
-
9,.100
Cu 54,5
17,0

- %CuO = 100 54,5 = 45,5%
0,5 iem
0,5 iem

0,5 iem

0,5 iem
0,5 iem

0,5 iem
e 2+ 4. Cau 1:
- Dung dung dch AgNO
3
nhan biet Na
3
PO
4

Co ket tua
vang
- AgNO
3
+ Na
3
PO
4
3NaNO
3
+ Ag
3
PO
4

- Dung AgNO
3
nhan NaCl. Co ket tua trang
- AgNO
3
+ NaCl NaNO
3
+ AgCl
- ( Hoac cach khac)
0,5 iem
0,5 iem
0,5 iem
0,5 iem
Cau 2:
- Mg + 4HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ 2NO
2
+ 2H
2
O
- MgO + 2HNO
3
Mg(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
0,5 iem
0,5 iem

72
-
2
NO
n = 2,24 22,4 = 0,1 (mol)
-
2
Mg NO
1 0,1
n n 0,05 (mol)
2 2

- m
Mg
= 0,05x 24 = 1,2 (g)
-
1,2.100
Mg 23,1
5,2

%MgO = 100 23,1 = 76,9%
0,5 iem

0,5 iem

0,5 iem

0,5 iem

BAI 15
CHNG 3 : CACBON - $ILIC
CACBON
12
23
oang Van oan

15/11/2007
19/11/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR80 82)
1. Kien thc:
- HS hieu Moi lien he gia v tr trong bang tuan hoan, cau hnh electron
nguyen t va tnh chat cua cacbon; Mot so dang thu hnh cua cacbon; cacbon
va co tnh kh va co tnh oxi hoa; trang thai t nhien, khai thac than, ng
dung cua cacbon.
2. K nang:
- Viet cau hnh electron nguyen t cacbon; d oan tnh chat hoa hoc c
ban cua cacbon; viet c cac PTHH cua phan ng bieu dien tnh kh va tnh
oxi hoa cua cacbon; oc SGK, thu thap x l thong tin va rut ra ket luan.

II/ CHUAN B.
- Mo hnh cau tao mang tinh the kim cng; than ch, fuleren .; bang tuan
hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc.


2/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I - V TR VA CAU HNH ELECTRON NGUYEN T
GV cho biet v tr cua C
trong BTH; Viet cau hnh
(e), cho biet soh co the
co cua C, giai thch va
cho v du minh hoa.
HS t lc thong qua
he thong cau hoi
cua GV.
- HS thao luan
nhom va bao cao
ket qua.
- Stt 6, nhom VA, CK2.
- 1s
2
2s
2
2p
2

Trang thai c ban

Trang thai kch thch

-
Cac so oxi hoa co the
co -4, 0, +2 va +4.
HOAT ONG 2
II- TNH CHAT VAT L
GV hng dan HS quan
sat mo hnh cau tao
mang tnh the kim cng,
than ch, fuleren, cacbon vo
HS quan sat cac
2o hinh cau tao
2ang tinh the cac
dang thu hnh cua

73
nh hnh thu thap thong
tin SGK ien vao bang
GV
cacbon o la kim
cng, than ch, fuleren
va cacbon vo nh
hnh thu thap thong
tin SGK ien vao
bang sau
Kim
cng
Than
ch
Fuleren
Cacbon
vo nh
hnh

KIM CNG THAN CH
FULEREN
*
CACBON VO NH HNH
Tnh
chat I
hoc.
(cac dang thu hnh cua C khac nahu ve cau tao mang tinh thea do
o khac nhau ve tJnh chat vat lJ)
- La chat ran
dang tinh the
khong mau, trong
suot, khong dan
ien, dan nhiet
kem.
- Tinh the thuoc
loai tinh the
nguyen t, cng
nhat trong tat ca
cac chat (qui c
o cng 10)
- Tinh the xam
en
- Mem.

C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C C
C C
C

- Phan t C
60
,
C
70
.
-Phan t C
60
cau truc hnh
cau rong kn,
32 mat, 60
nh la 60
nguyen t
cacbon. ( %en
kien truc s
ngi M ( R.
Buckminster Fuler ).
-Gom
nhng tinh
the rat
nho
- Chung co
kha nang
hap
phu manh.

Cau tao

- Moi nguyen t C
lien ket vi 4 NT C
lan can nam tren
cac nh cua hnh
t dien eu bang
4
LKCHT.

-Cau truc
lp, cac lp
lien ket yeu
vi nhau.
- Trong moi
lp, moi NT C
lien ket CHT
vi 3 NT (C)
lan can nam
nh cua
tam giac eu,
cac lp de
tach, de trt
ra khoi nhau.

Phan t
fuleren n
gian va ben
nhat la C
60
(
phat hien
1985 khi chieu
tia laze vao
than ch). Phan
t C
60
co hnh
giong qua
bong tron
trong o
nhng NT (C)
eu chiem v
tr nh nhau.

Co cau
tao xop.
ng
dung
Lam o trang sc,
lam mui khoan, dao
cat thuy tinh, a
mai.
- Lam ien
cc, lam noi
luyen kim, che
boi trn, but
ch
- Than coc e luyen kim.
Than go che thuoc no en,
lam chat hap phu kh oc,
than muoi lam mc in, che
cao su, xi anh giay.
HOAT ONG 3

III - TNH CHAT HOA HOC
GV dung phieu hoc tap
giao nhiem vu cho HS. He
HS d oan tnh
chat hoa c ban

74
thong cau hoi, cu the cua C.

Phieu hoc tap 1: T v tr cua C trong BTH, cau tao nguyen t ( cau hnh
electron), so e lp ngoai cung), hay d oan tnh chat hoa c ban cua
C?

GV Y/C HS cho biet C the
hien tnh oxi hoa va tnh
kh nao?
Y/C Tnh oxi hoa va
tnh kh.
+ nhiet o thng C
kha tr ve mat hoa hoc,
khi un nong hoat ong
manh hn . C vo nh hnh

viet phng trnh phan
ng minh hoa

GV bo sung Kh ot
chay C trong kk san
pham thng co lan kh
CO va CO
2
.

GV cho HS viet PTHH
chng minh tnh oxi hoa
cua C.
HS viet PTHH va
ch ro s thay oi
so oxi hoa cac
nguyen to va vai
tro cua cac chat
trong moi phan ng.

HS viet
C+ CuO
0
t C

HS viet PTHH chng
minh tnh oxi hoa cua
C.

hoat ong hoa hoc manh
hn. %rong phan ng C thea
hien tJnh kh va tJnh oxi
hoa.
1. Tnh kh ( ac trng).
a) Tac dung vi oxi
0
C+ O
2

0
t C
4
2
CO
4
2
CO +
0
C
Nhi et o cao
2
2
CO
b) Tac dung vi hp
chat.
Hau het cac phan ng
xay ra ch khi un nong.
* Kh cac oxit kim loai tnh
t sau Al.
3
0
C +
3
2
3
Fe O
0
t C
2
0
Fe +
3
2
CO

0
C +
4
2
CO
Nhi et o cao
2
2
CO

0
C + H
2
O
0
t C
H
2
+
2
CO
0
C + 4HNO
3
0
t C
4
2
CO + 4NO
2

+2H
2
O
2
0
C + 2H
2
SO
4
0
t C
2
4
2
CO +
2SO
2

+ 2H
2
O
2. Tnh oxi hoa. ( kho khan
hn)
a) Tac dung vi hiro.

0
C + 2H
2

0
t ,xt

-4
4
CH
Kh metan
b) Tac dung vi kim loai
tao cacbua kim loai.

4Al + 3
0
C
0
t C
-4
3
4
Al C
Nhom
cacbua

Phieu hoc tap 2: Em hay ket luan ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua cacbon?
(C la phi kim, tJnh chat hoa hoc c ban la tJnh kh va tJnh oxi hoa, nhiet
o cao tac dung c vi cac n chat va hp chat. %hea hien tJnh kh (
co so oxi hoa tang
0
C
2
C ,
4
C ) khi tac dung vi cac chat oxi hoa nh O
2
, mot
75
so oxit kim loai, HO
3
ac, H
2
SO
4
ac.;thea hien tJnh oxi hoa ( co so oxi hoa
giam
0
C
-4
C ) khi tac dung vi hiro va kim loa,
IV- NG DUNG
GV cho HS oc SGK HS oc SGK (SGK) nh phan tnh chat
vat l a neu.
HOAT ONG 4 V- TRANG THAI T NHIEN.
GV yeu cau HS oc SGK HS oc SGK (SGK)
- n chat: n chat ton
tai di cac dang thu hnh
kim cng, than ch ( C gan
nh nguyen chat)

HOAT ONG 8
GV
GV cho HS oc SGK trang
69.

GV lien he (olomit
(CaCO
3
. MgCO
3
) la thanh
phan chnh cua cac loai
than mo ( than antraxit,
than m, than nau, than
bun, chung khac nhau
ve tuoi a chat va
ham lng C. Mo antraxit
nc ta co Quang
Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nhe
An.)
HS oc SGK trang 69. - p chat:
a) Canxit ( a voi, a
phan, a voi eu cha
CaCO
3
)
b) Magiezit MgCO
3
c) olomit (CaCO
3
. MgCO
3
)
la thanh phan chnh cua
cac loai than mo.
d) Dau mo, kh thien
nhien.
e) Thanh phan cua c the
V, TV.
VI- IEU CHE
GV cung cap cho HS
phng phap ieu che
cac dang thu hnh cua
cacbon

1. Than ch
0
2000 C,xt:Fe
50.000-100.000at
kim
cng nhan tao.
2. Than a
0
1000 C, thi eu kk
than
coc
0
2500 C, khong co kk
than ch.
3. Go + O
2
khong kh thieu
than go.
4. CH
4

0
t C
than muoi + H
2

4/ Cung co:
(8) Hoan thanh chuoi cac phan ng Go C CO
2
CO CO
2
.
(9) Kim cng va than ch la hai dang thu hnh cua cacbon v
. Co cau tao mang tinh the giong nhau.
. eu do nguyen to cacbon tao nen
. Co tnh chat vat l giong nhau
V. Co tnh chat hoa hoc giong nhau
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 70 SGK. SBT 23. 2; 23. 5

76

BAI
16

HP CHAT CUA CACBON
12
24
oang Van oan
18 /
11/2007
22/ 11/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet:CO co tnh kh; CO
2
la mot oxit axit co tnh oxi hoa; H
2
CO
3
la axit
rat kem ben, tnh axit yeu va axit hai nac; Tnh chat cua muoi cacbonat;tnh tan,
tac dung vi axit, tac dung vi kiem.
- $ hieu: Muoi cacbonat de b nhiet phan huy tr muoi cacbonat kim loai
kiem; Tnh chat vat l cua CO, CO
2
; ieu che CO, CO
2
; ng dung cua CO, CO
2

va muoi cacbonat.
2. K nang:
- Giai thch tnh chat hoa hoc cua CO, CO
2
, H
2
CO
3
va muoi cacbonat.
- Thu thap thong tin t cac nguon khac nhau e rut ra kien thc mi ve
tnh chat vat l, tnh chat hoa hoc, ng dung va ieu che mot so hp chat cua
cacbon.
- Viet cac PTHH va xac nh vai tro chat kh hoac chat oxi hoa. e
chng minh cho tnh chat cua chat.
- Phan biet kh CO, kh CO
2
, muoi cacbonat vi mot so chat khac.

II/ CHUAN B.
Dung cu, hoa chat can thiet e thc hien th nghiem bieu dien Pphan
ng cua CO
2
vi dung dch Ca(OH)
2
, vi Mg, CaCO
3
vi dung dch HCl; NaHCO
3

vi dung dch HCl, Vi dung dch NaOH.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Cacbon co nhng tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng nao ? cho v du va
viet phng
trnh minh hoa.
b/ V sao cac dang thu hnh cua cacbon lai co tnh chat hoa hoc
giong nhau, ma tnh chat vat l lai khac nhau, da vao cau tao nao
ma cac dang thu hnh cua cacbon co c cac ng dung khac
nhau?.
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
A- CACBON MONO OXIT (CO)
77
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS viet cau hnh
electron cua C va O, s
phan bo e vao cac o
lng t trang tha c
ban.

GV giai thch s hnh
thanh phan t CO. Trong
phan t CO cha 2 LK
CHT va mot LK cho nhan.
HS viet cau hnh
electron cua C va O,
s phan bo e vao
cac o lng t
trang tha c ban.
C 1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
O 1s
2
2s
2
2p
4

- Cau tao phan t

2s
2
2p
2
2s
2
2p
4
C
O
Trang thai c ban

C O

O C

CO
+2

I- TNH CHAT VAT L
GV cho HS oc SGK. Hay
neu nhng tnh chat vat l
cua CO.

HS oc SGK

HS tnh d
CO/kk

(SGK)
-CO kh khong ( mau, mui,
v).
- Nhe hn khong kh, oc, t
tan.
- Hoa long -191,5
0
C, hoa ran
-205,2
0
C.
II- TNH CHAT HOA HOC
GV t so oxi hoa cua NT
(C) trong CO co the d
oan CO co nhng tnh
chat hoa hoc ac trng
nao. Dan ra cac phan
ng hoa hoc va ch ro
vai tro cua CO trong cac
phan ng o.

GV bo sung CO nhiet
o thng khong tac
dung vi nc, oxit baz,
dd baz nen goi la oxit
khong tao muoi. C
+2
(CO)
co su hng chuyen
thanh C
+4
(CO
2
) ben hn
nen CO la chat kh
nhiet o cao.
GV lu y HS khi ot lo
than nen ot ni thoang
gio, khong ot trong
phong kn v kh CO sinh ra
oc con CO
2
la chat
khong duy tr s song.
HS d oan nhng
tnh chat hoa hoc
c ban cua CO va
dan ra cac phan
ng hoa hoc va
ch ro vai tro cua
CO trong cac phan
ng.

HS da vao SGK.
1. Cacbon2onoxit la oxit
khong tao 2uoi.
CO kem hoat ong hoa hoc
nhiet o thng, ch hoat
ong hoa hoc nhiet o
cao.
CO nhiet o thng
khong tac dung vi nc,
oxit baz, dd baz nen goi la
oxit khong tao muoi.
2. Tnh khP.
* CO chay trong khong kh.
2
CO + O
2

0
t C
4
2
CO
CO dung la nhien lieu kh
ot
* Tac dung vi nhieu oxit kim
loai.
3
2
CO+
3
2
3
Fe O
0
t C
2
0
Fe + 3
4
2
CO
2
CO + CuO
0
t C
Cu +
4
2
CO .
CO dung trong luyen kim.
HOAT ONG 2
III- IEU CHE
GV hng dan HS oc
thong tin SGK ve ieu
che CO.
GV Phng phap khJ than
HS oc thong tin
SGK ve ieu che
CO.

HCOOH
2 4
H SO ac
un nong
CO + H
2
O
a) Phng phap khJ than t.
78
t. Hon hp khJ thu c
trong o cha 44% CO
con lai la cac khJ
khacCO
2
, H
2
,
2
. Phng
phap khJ than kho hon
hp khJ thu c trong o
cha 25% CO con lai la
2
, CO
2

Cho hi nc qua than nong
o.
C + H
2
O
0
1050 C <
CO + H
2
O
b) Phng phap khJ than kho.
Thoi khong kh qua than nong
o. CO
2
+ C
0
t C
2CO
HOAT ONG 3 B-CACBON IOXIT
GV yeu cau HS viet cong
thc electron va CTCT
cua phan t CO
2
. Phan
t CO
2
khong cc
HS viet cong thc
electron va CTCT
cua phan t CO
2
.
Cau tao phan t ( thang)
OCO

O = C= O

4
2
CO

I- TNH CHAT VAT L
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK va hieu biet thc te
ve TCVL cua CO
2
.
GV bo sung CO
2
nhieu
co lan trong khong kh
gay o nhiem moi trng,
la mot trong cac kh gay
hieu ng nha knh, huy
tang ozon.
CO
2
long lam lanh ot
ngot -70
0
C hoa ran goi
la "nc a kho
HS oc SGK cho
biet tnh chat hoa
hoc cua CO
2
va
dan ra cac PTHH
e chng minh.
(SGK)
- CO
2
la kh khong ( mau,
mui, v) nang gap 1,5 lan
khong kh.
- kbt 1 lit CO
2
tan /1 lit H
2
O.
- CO
2

nen 60atm
CO
2
long
khong mau, linh ong.
- CO
2
ran goi la "nc a
kho dung e gay ma
nhan tao.
II- TNH CHAT HOA HOC
GV da vao soh cua NT
(C) trong CO
2
va kien thc
a biet hay d oan tnh
hoa hoc c ban cua CO
2

?
Chu y khi viet phan
ng vi baz va oxit baz
lu y so mol chat tac
dung ma tao ra muoi axit
hay muoi trung hoa.
GV bo sung
c) CO
2
la chat oxi hoa
nhiet o cao.

4
2
CO + C
0
t C
2
2
CO

4
2
CO + Mg
0
t C
0
C +
2MgO
Y/C CO
2
la mot oxit
axit ( khac vi CO),
ch co the la mot
chat oxi hoa, v trong
CO
2
soh cua C cao
nhat la +4.
4
C
0 2
C, C, C giam soh.

HS viet va lay
cac v du minh hoa...
a) CO
2
khong chay va khong
duy tr s chay, v trong CO
2

cacbon co so oxi hoa + 4
kha ben.
b) CO
2
la mot oxit axit, tac
dung nc, baz, oxit baz.
* CO
2
+ H
2
O

H
2
CO
3

Kem ben
Ch ton tai trong dd loang.
*.
III- IEU CHE
GV cho HS oc thong tin
SGK.
HS oc thong tin
SGK.
CaCO
3
+2HClCaCl
2
+CO
2
+H
2
O
a voi
79
- Lay t san pham kh lo
nung voi.
CaCO
3
0
t C
CO
2
+ CaO
a voi cacbon ioxit voi song
C - AXIT CACBONIC VA MUOI CACBONAT
I- AXIT CACBONIC
GV cho HS neu ac iem
ve axit H
2
CO
3
a biet
trong chng s ien li.
HS neu ac iem
ve axit H
2
CO
3
a
biet trong chng s
ien li.
- Axit yeu hai nac, rat re
phan huy thanh CO
2
va
H
2
O.
H
2
CO
3
R

CO
2
+ H
2
O
H
2
CO
3
R

H
+
+ HCO
3
-
K
1
= 4,5 .1 0
-7
HCO
3
-
R

H
+
+ CO
3
2-
K
2
= 4,8 .1 0
-11

GV gi y cho HS lay v du
va viet PTHH.
HS viet PTHH - Tac dung vi oxit baz.
- Tac dung vi baz tuy theo
s le so mol ma tao ra
muoi trung hoa hoac muoi
axit.
II- MUOI CACBONAT
GV lam va cho HS quan
sat tnh tan mot so muoi
cacbonat. viet PT phan li
ra ion. Rut ra ket luan.

GV cho HS lay v du va
viet PTHH dang phan t
va ion thu gon. Rut ra
nhan xet ve muoi cacbon
nat tac dung vi axit.

GVgi y HS lay v du
muoi hirocacbonat + dd
kiem.

Va nhan xet.

HS quan sat tnh tan
mot so muoi
cacbonat. viet PT
phan li ra ion. Rut ra
ket luan. ( lap
bang) va cho v du

HS lay v du va
viet PTHH dang
phan t va ion thu
gon.
Nhan xet Muoi
cacbonat
Du tan hay khong
tan eu tac dung
vi cac axit manh
hn tao ra khJ CO
2
.

HS lay v du va
viet PTHH dang
phan t va ion thu
gon.
Nhan xet:
uoi
hirocacbonat dd
kie2 2uoi
cacbonat
2
O.

1. Tnh chat.
a) Tnh tan
Cation
Anion goc
axit
HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-

KLK,H
4
+
tan
KL
khac
khong
tan
b) Tac dung vi axit
* NaHCO
3
+ HCl NaCl + CO
2
+
H
2
O
HCO
3
-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
* Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + CO
2

+ H
2
O
CO
3
2-
+ 2H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
* CaCO
3
+ 2HClCaCl
2
+ CO
2
+
H
2
O
CaCO
3
+2H
+
Ca
2+
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
c) Tac dung vi dung dch
kie2
* NaHCO
3
+NaOHNa
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
HCO
3
-

+OH
-
CO
3
2-

+ H
2
O
* Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH
Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCO
3
2H
2
O
Ca
2+
+ HCO
3
-
+OH
-
CaCO
3

+
H
2
O
* Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ NaOH
NaHCO
3
+ CaCO
3
+ H
2
O ...
* Mg(HCO
3
)
2
+ 2NaOH
Mg(OH)
2
+2 NaHCO
3
.
a
so
tan
80

GV bo sung Muoi amoni
hirocacbonat c dung
lam bot n.
NH
4
HCO
3
0
t C
NH
3
+
CO
2
+H
2
O
uoi
hirocacbonat dd
kie2 .2uoi
cabonat khong tan

uoi
hirocacbonat dd
kie2 baz khong
tan.

HS nh lai kien
thc a hoc lp
9.
Nhan xet:
uoi cacbonat va
nhiet hiro cacbonat
ke2 ben tr
2uoi cac
bonatKK.
d) !haPn ng nhiet phan
* uoi cacbonat KK ben
nhiet
* uoi hiro cacbonat va
2uoi cacbonat ki2 loai khac
khi un nong phan huyP cho
2uoi cacbo nat CO
2

2
O
hoac oxit K CO
2.

V du
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

0
t C
CaCO
3
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O
CaCO
3

0
t C
CaO + CO
2

GV cho HS oc SGK ( tr 74)
lien he thc te e thu
thap thong tin ve ng
dung muoi cacbonat
CaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
. NaHCO
3
.
HS oc SGK lien he
thc te e thu thap
thong tinve ng
dung muoi cacbonat
CaCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
NaHCO
3
.
2. ng dung. ($GK)

4/ Cung co:
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 $GK trang 75.
Gi y bai 1 :
a/ Phng phap vat ly Nen di ap suat cao , CO
2
hoa long tach ra khoi CO .
b/ Phng phap hoa hoc Dan hon hp qua dung dch nc voi trong d va dan
tiep qua CaCl
2
khan th thu c kh CO tinh khiet.
Gi y bai 2 : Tao dung dch thuoc th Lay dd Ca(OH)
2
+ 2 - 3 giot phenolphtalein
mau hong dd A; Cho vao moi bnh kh t 1-2 giot dd A, bnh nao lam mat mau
dd A va co ket tua trang uc la bnh kh SO
2
. bnh ch lam mat mau dd A
khong co ket tua trang uc la bnh kh HCl, khong co hien tng g la bnh kh
CO.
Gi y bai 3 : A
Gi y bai 4 : a) Ca(HCO
3
)
2

0
t C
CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O b) CaCO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O
Ca(HCO
3
)
2

Gi y bai 5 :
2
CO
0,224
n 0,0100 (mol)
22,4
; n
KOH
= 0,100 x 0,200 = 0,0200 (mol)
V t le
2
KOH
CO
n 0,0200 2

n 0,0100 1
nen ch xay ra phan ng 2KOH + CO
2
K
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
sau phan ng ch co muoi K
2
CO
3
c tao thanh nen
2 3
C
m = 0,0100 x 138 = 1,38
(g)

Gi y bai 6 :
CaCO
3

0
t C
CaO + CO
2

2 3
52, 5
0, 525
100, 0
C CaC
3 3 = = = (mol)
81
V hieu suat la 95% nen san phamr thc te thu c
95, 00
0, 525 0, 5002
100, 0
x = (mol)
Con n
NaOH
= 0,500 x 1,800 = 0,9000 (mol).
Xet thay t le
2
NaOH
CO
n 0,9000
1, 8
n 0,5002
< tc 1< 1,8 < 2. Vay se xay ra 2 phan ng va
tao ra 2 muoi NaHCO
3
va Na
2
CO
3
Cu the
CO
2
+ 2 NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O ( p/ theo so mol NaOH v naOH > nCO
2
)
0,4500 ~ 0,900 0,4500 ; v CO
2
sau phan ng nay con d 0,5002 0,4500 =
0,05020 (mol) nen Na
2
CO
3
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O 2NaHCO
3

0,05020 ~ 0,05020 2x 0,05020 = 0,1004
Khoi lng cac muoi Na
2
CO
3
106 ( 0,4500 0,05020) = 106 x 0,39980 < 42, 38 (g)
NaHCO
3
84 x 0,1004 < 8,434 (g).

BAI 17

$ILIC VA HP CHAT CUA $ILIC
13
25
oang Van oan

22/11/2007
26/11 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
HS biet
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua silic ( tnh kh, tnh oxi hoa, ng dung va ieu che
silic; Tnh chat vat l, trang thai t nhien va ng dung cua silic.
- Mot so tnh chat cua SiO
2
, H
2
SiO
3
; SiO
2
tac dung vi kiem; H
2
SiO
3
la chat
dang ket tua keo, khong tan trong nc, de tan trong kiem va la axit yeu.
- Muoi silicat Ch co silicat kim loai kem tan trong nc.
- Mot so ng dung cua silic trong nganh k thuat nh luyen kim, ban dan,
ien t .
2. K nang:
D oan tnh chat hoa hoc cua silicva so sanh vi cacbon; Viet cac PTHH
cua phan ng chng minh tnh chat hoa hoc cua silic va tnh chat cua mot so
h chat cua silic.
II/ CHUAN B.
* Neu co ieu kien, GV va HS chuan b mot so mau vat, thc hien mot
so th nghiem nghien cu tnh chat cua SiO
2
, H
2
SiO
3
; bang tuan hoan cac
nguyen to hoa hoc.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Neu tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua Kh CO va CO
2
. Cho cac v du
minh hoa.
82
b/ Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit cabonic va muoi cacbonat? Cho cac
v du minh
hoa.
c/ V Vi ie e t t c ca a c c p ph h n ng g t tr r n nh h p ph ha a n n n ng g h ho o a a h ho o c c b bi ie e u u d di ie e n n t th he eo o s s o o
s sa au u

/ oc bai 2i: GV neu van e nguyen to silic thuoc nhom VA, di
cacbon. Hay
nghien cu tnh chat, ng dung trang thai t nhien va ieu che
silic.

A- $ILIC
HOAT ONG 1:
HOAT ONG CUA
GV
HOAT ONG CUA
H$
NOI DUNG
GV vao bai
- Cau hnh chung cua
nhom cacbon ?
- ng vi n = 3 la
cau hnh cua nguyen
to nao ?
HS
- HS ns
2
np
2

- La cau hnh cua Si

Cau hnh electron cua Si
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2

I - TNH CHAT VAT L
GV cho HS t nghien
cu SGK hoac thao
luan nhom.
- Cho biet tnh chat
vat ly cua silic ?
So sanh vi
cacbon ?
- GV nhac lai s lc
ve tnh chat vat l.
HS t nghien cu SGK
hoac thao luan nhom
, bao cao ket qua
va rut ra kien thc
mi ve silic.
HS nghe va so sanh
vi cacbon.
(SGK)
- Co hai dang thu hinh :
Tinh the va vo nh
hnh .
- Silic tinh thea co cau truc
giong kim cng , mau xam
co anh kim, dan ien , t
0
n/c
=
1420
0
C , t
0
s
= 2620
0
C . Co tJnh
ban dan .
- Silic vo nh hnh la chat
bot mau nau .
II - TNH CHAT HOA HOC
CO
CaCO
3
Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CO
2
MgO
83
GV yeu cau HS
nghien cu SGK Si
co tnh chat hoa hoc
giong va khac nhau
nh the nao so vi C
?

GV yeu cau HS lay
phan ng minh hoa,
ch ro vai tro cac
chat trong phan ng.

GV - Da vao hp
chat tao thanh phat
hien s khac nhau
gia C va Si ?

GV yeu cau $ rut
ra ket luan ve tnh
chat hoa hoc cuPa
$i.

+ HS nghien cu SGK,
so sanh vi C, Si co
tnh chat l, hoa hoc
giong va khac C nh
the nao ?
+ HS lay phan ng
minh hoa. va sau o
+ HS rut ra ket luan
ve tnh chat hoa hoc
cua Si.
* oac $ da vao
$GK e traP li :
- Tng t cacbon , silic
the hien tnh kh , tnh
oxi hoa.
- Silic vo nh hnh co
kha nang phan ng
cao hn .
- Khong co phan ng
tao thanh Si
+2
( t ac
trng).
- Trong cac phan ng
so oxi hoa tang t 0
+ 4. $i co tnh khP
2anh hn C
+ Tnh oxi hoa giong
cacbon va $i cung
co so oxi hoa -4
trong hp chat tao
thanh.
a. Tnh kh :
- Tac dung vi phi ki2 :
nhiet o thng vi flo
Si
0
+ 2F
2

4
$ F
4

(silic tetraflorua)
Khi un nong vi Cl
2
, Br
2
,
2
,
C,.
Si
0
+ O
2

0
t C

4
$ O
2

(silic ioxit)
Si
0
+ C
0
t C

4
$ C
(silic cacbua).
- Tac dung vi hp chat
Si
0
+ 2NaOH+ H
2
ONa
2
4
$
O
3
+
2H
2

b. Tnh oxi hoa :
Tac dung vi kim loai ( Ca ,
Mg , Fe . . .) nhiet o cao .
2Mg + Si
0

0
t C
Mg
2
4
$
(magie silixua)
HOAT ONG 2
III- TRANG THAI T NHIEN
GV yeu cau HS
nghien cu SGK va
cho biet
Trong t nhien Si ton
tai au trong t
nhien va dang
nao ?

HS nghien cu SGK
va tra li cau hoi
cua GV.
(SGK)
- Silic chiem gan 29,5% khoi
lng vo trai at , ton tai
dang hp chat (cat , khoang
vat silicat , aluminosilicat )
- Silic con co trong c the
ngi va thc vat .

IV- NG DUNG
GV yeu cau HS
nghien cu SGK va
cho biet
Si co nhng ng
dung quan trong nao ?
ng dung o co lien
quan ti tnh chat
nao cua silic ?
HS
Y/C linh kien ien t,
k thuat vo
tuyen.da vao Si co
tnh ban dan.
(SGK)
- Si co tnh ban dan c
dung trong cac linh kien k
thuat ien t, vo tuyen.
- Luyen kim, che tao thep
chu axit
V- IEU CHE
GVGV yeu cau HS HS nghien cu SGK Cho SiO
2
+ chat klh manh (
84
nghien cu SGK va
cho biet

Si c ieu che
bang cach nao?
va tra li cau hoi
cua GV.
nh Al, Mg, C.) nhiet o
cao.
* %rong phong thJ nghiem
SiO
2
+ 2Mg
0
t C
Si + 2MgO.
* %rong cong nghiep
SiO
2
+ 2C
0
t C
Si + 2CO.
HOAT ONG 3 B- HP CHAT CUA $ILIC
GV neu van e SiO
2
,
H
2
SiO
3
va muoi silicat
chung co tnh chat
va ng dung g?
- Tnh chat vat ly
cua silic ioxit ?
Bo xung SiO
2
co lan
tap chat thng co
mau .
Chu y: Khong
cha kie2 trong lo
thuyP tinh .
- SiO
2
co ng dung g
trong thc te ?
GV bo sung SiO
2
la
thanh phan chnh
cua thuy tinh, knh.
HS oc SGK tr.78 va
quan sat mau cat
sach e tra li

Dan ra cac phan ng
minh hoa tnh chat hoa
hoc cua SiO
2
.

- $iO
2
dung trong
cong nghiep che
tao thuPy tinh , luyen
ki2, xay dng, saPn
suat o go2 . . .

I- $ILIC IOXIT $iO
2
a) Tnh chat vat l va trang
thai t nhien:
SiO
2
la chat ran dang tinh
the, nong chay 1713
0
C,
khong tan trong H
2
O.
b) Tnh chat hoa hoc.
SiO
2
la oxit axit tac dung vi
kiem ac nong, kiem va
muoi cacbonat nong chay.
SiO
2
+2NaOH
0
t C
Na
2
SiO
3
+
H
2
O.
SiO
2
+ Na
2
CO
3
0
t C
Na
2
SiO
3
+
CO
2

De tan trong axit flohiric HF
SiO
2
+ 4HF SiF
4
+ 2H
2
O
Dung phan ng nay e
khac hoa thuy tinh, kinh,
gng.
HOAT ONG 4 II- AXIT $ILIXIC
GV bo sung

Axit silixic
Say kho

silicagen

HS oc SGK tom tat
kien thc e biet
c H
2
SiO
3
co nhng
tnh chat vat l, hoa
hoc va ng dung
nao?
- Ket tua keo, khong tan trong
nc, de mat nc khi un
nong.
H
2
SiO
2

0
t C
SiO
2
+ H
2
O
- H
2
SiO
3
la axit yeu, yeu hn
H
2
CO
3
Do o
Na
2
SiO
3
+H
2
O+CO
2
H
2
SiO
3
+
Na
2
CO
3
.
ng dung Silicagen chat lam
kho.
III - MUOI $ILICAT
GV cho HS oc SGK HS oc SGK va tom
tat noi dung bai hoc.
* Muoi cua kim loai kiem tan
c trong nc , cho moi
trng kiem .
* Dung dch ac Na
2
SiO
3
va
K
2
SiO
3
goi la thuy tinh long .

* Vai hoac go tam thuy tinh
long se kho b chay ,Thuy
tinh long c dung e che
keo dan thuy tinh va s.
4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap
85
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 trang 79 SGK

Silic co trong hau het te bao cua ong vat va ngi Tuyen tuy, gan, long,
toc, xng, rang, sun rat giau silic
TKgi

au silic

BAI
18

CONG NGHIEP $ILICAT
1
26
oang Van oan
25 / 11
/2007
29/ 11 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- HS biet thanh phan, tnh chat cua thuy tinh, o gom, xi mang; phng
phap san xuat cac loai vat lieu tren t nguon nguyen lieu co trong t nhien.
2. K nang:
86
- S dung va bao quan o dung bang cac vat lieu thuy tinh, o gom,
xay dng nh xi mang.

II/ CHUAN B.
- S o lo quay san xuat xi mang.
- He thong cau hoi cho HS.
- GV co the yeu cau HS nhng ni co ieu kien chuan b mot so
mau vat, tranh anh, a ve san pham cua cong nghiep silicat.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
/ oc bai 2i:
GV 2P bai: Cong nghiep silicat gom nhng nganh san xuat nao? C s hoa
hoc va quy trnh san xuat c ban la g ? san pham chua chung co ng dung g
trong thc tien ? Chung ta hay tm hieu.
A- THUY TINH

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS oc SGK.
+ Hay ke ten nhng vat
dung thng gap lam
bang thuy tinh ?
+ Thuy tinh co nhng loai
nao ?
+ Thanh phan hoa hoc,
ng dung va nguyen tac
san xuat moi loai nh
the nao ?
+ Lam the nao bao ve
c vat lam bang thuy
tinh ?
HS oc SGK va
tra li he
thong cac cau
hoi

I- THANH PHAN HOA HOC
VA TNH CHAT CUA THUY
TINH.
- %hanh phan: La san phaam
nau nong chay hon hp cua
a
2
SiO
3
, CaSiO
3
va SiO
2
( con
viet la: a
2
O. K
2
O. 6SiO
2
), chu
yeu la SiO
2
.
- Cau truc vo nh hnh, nhiet
o nong chay khong xac
nh.
-
%Jnh chat: gion, he so n
nhiet ln.
GV nhan xet cac y kien
cua HSva bo sung them
thanh phan va tnh chat
cua mot so loai thuy
tinh.

II - MOT $O LOAI THUY
TINH.
1) ThuyP tinh thng:
- Thuy tinh thng
Na
2
O. K
2
O. 6SiO
2
- Cat trang, a voi, Soa
0
1400 C
Nau nong chay
T/tinh thng
Na
2
CO
3
+ SiO
2
0
t C
Na
2
SiO
3
+ CO
2
CaCO
3
+ SiO
2
0
t C
CaSiO
3
+ CO
2
- ng dung Lam ca knh, chai, lo,
gng soi.
2) ThuyP tinh kali.
- Ch viec thay Na
2
CO
3
bang
87

Do tao nen cacilicat co
mau
V du Cr
2
O
3
mau luc, CoO
co mau xanh nc bien
hoac xanh tham, NiO nau
hoac tm, Cu ( hoac Au)
thuy tinh co mau o
choi.
K
2
CO
3
c thuy tinh kali co
nhiet o hoa mem va nhiet
o nong chay cao hn.
- Lam dung cu th nghiem, thau
kinh, lang knh.
) ThuyP tinh phale.
- Cha nhieu ch oxit.
- De nong chay va trong suot.
- Dung lam phale.
4) ThuyP tinh thach anh.
- SiO
2
tinh khiet
0
t C
Nau nong chay

thuy tinh thach anh.
- Nhiet o hoa mem cao, he
so n nhiet nho.
5) ThuyP tinh oi 2au.
- La thuy tinh co mau tuy theo
s co mat tng oxit kim loai co
trong thuy tinh.
B- O GOM
HOAT ONG 3: + o gom la g ? Thanh phan chu yeu cua o gom ?
+ o gom c chia lam may loai ? Cach san xuat o
gom nh the nao ?
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK, lien he thc te.
GV
+ Gach va ngoi thuoc
loai o gom nao ?
Chung c san xuat nh
the nao ? ( nguyen lieu,
cach tien hanh, bien
phap k thuat).
+ Hay ke ten mot so
gach ngoi ma em biet ?
HS nghien cu
SGK, lien he
thc te, nh
lai kien thc
a hoc lp
9 va tra li
he thong cau
hoi.
* o gom la vat lieu c
ieu che chu yeu t at
AT SET va CAO LANH. Gom
2 loai

I - GAC, NGOI. ( go2 xay
dng)
at set thng + cat + nc
va nhao thanh khoi deo, tao
hnh say kho va nung 900
1000
0
C.

GV Sanh s c san
xuat nh the nao? Sanh
khac s nh the nao?
Hay ke ten mot so o
vat bang sanh, s ma
em biet ?
GV hoan thien (ND bai
hoc).
GV bo sung:
o sanh nh : chu2 vai binh,
lo, o cha trong gia inh,
ong dan.
$ dan dung: la2 chen,
bat, binh, lo hoa P gia inh.
$ cach ien dung trong
nganh ien.
$ hoa hoc la2 thiet b
trong !TN hoa hoc.
HS bao cao
ket qua va
thao luan e
rut ra kien
thc can nh.
I - $AN, $C. ( go2 k thuat)
1) $anh.
- at set
0
1200-1300 C
sanh.
- Cng, go keu, mau nau
hoac xam ( 2at ngoai la lp 2en
2uoi 2oPng do 2uoi an c ne2
vao lo khi nung) .
2) $.
- Vat lieu cng xop mau
trang, go keu.
Cao lanh
fenspat
Thach anh
Mot sooxi t KL
nung 1000
0
C enguoi
trang men
nung 1400 -1450
0
C
s
(1)
(2)

GV cho HS tham khao SGK
e nam nhng ng dung
HS tham khao SGK
e nam cac
+ Gom co s dan dung
va s k thuat ( SGK).
88
cua s. /dung cua s.
C - XI MANG
HOAT ONG 4
+ Xi mang la g? xi mang co thanh phan hoa hoc nh the nao ?
+ Cach san xuat xi mang nh the nao ? ( nguyen lieu, cach tien
hanh, nguyen lieu).
+ Qua trnh ong cng cua xi mang co ac iem g ? e bao dng
cong trnh xay dng ta phai lam g ?
+ Hay ke ten mot so nha may san xuat gom, s, xi mang nc
ta hoac a phng ?
GV yeu cau HS bao
cao, thao luan.
GV tom tat lai thanh
noi dung bai hoc.

GV qua trnh ong
cng tiep tuc tang neu
ti nc ay u.
Gv cho HS tham khao
SGK e biet them cac
thong tin quan trong
khac ve xi mang.
HS nghien cu
SGK, lien he
thc te, nh lai
kien thc a
hoc lp 9 va
tra li he
thong cau hoi.
+ Xi mang thuoc loai vat lieu
ket dnh, c dung trong XD.
I. Thanh phan hoa hoc.
- Can xi silicat 3CaO. SiO
2

2CaO. SiO
2
- Can xi aluminat 3CaO. Al
2
O
3
II. Phng phap san xuat.
- a voi + at set cha nhieu
SiO
2
+ t quang sat
0
Lo quay hoac lo ng
1400-1600 C

e nguoi
clanhkenghien
+ 5%thachcao
+ Chat phu gia khac
xi
mang.
III. Qua trnh ong cng cua xi
mang.
Xi mang nhao nc e lau
cng.
La do s ket hp cac chat trong
xi mang vi nc tao thanh
nhng tinh thea hirat hoa an xen
vao nhau thanh khoi cng va
ben.
3CaO. SiO
2
+ 5H
2
O Ca
2
SiO
4
. 4H
2
O + Ca(OH)
2
2CaO. SiO
2
+ 4H
2
O Ca
2
SiO
4
. 4H
2
O
3CaO. Al
2
O
3
+ 6H
2
O Ca
3
(AlO
3
)
2
. 6H
2
O

4/ Cung co, dan do : Lam bai tap phan luyen tap, sau khi oc va xem
lai cac kien thc can nh (SGK trang 85 -86). oc them trang 84.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4 trang 83 SGK.

BAI
19
&>N TA>!:
TNH CHAT CUA CACBON, $ILIC VA HP
CHAT CUA CHUNG
14
27
oang Van oan
27/11
/2007
03/ 12/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
89
1. Kien thc:
He thong hoa, cung co, khac sau kien thc ve
- S giong nhau va khac nhau ve cau hnh electron nguyen t, tnh chat c
ban cua cacbon va silic.
- S giong nhau va khac nhau ve thanh phan phan t, cau tao phan t,
tnh chat c ban gia cac hp chat oxit CO
2
va SiO
2
, axit H
2
CO
3
va H
2
SiO
3
, muoi
cacbonat va muoi silicat.
2. K nang:
- So sanh cau hnh electron, tnh chat c ban gia cacbon va silic va gia
cac loai hp chat tng ng rut ra nhng iem giong nhau va khac nhau.
- Viet cac PTHH minh hoa cho nhng ket luan ve s giong nhau va khac
nhau gia cac n chat va gia cac hp chat.
- Giai cac bai tap phan biet cac chat a biet, tnh phan tram khoi
lng cua cac chat trong hon hp phan ng va mot so bai tap tong hp co
noi dung lien quan.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Yeu cau HS chuan b cac bang so sanh tnh chat cua cacbon va silic,
CO
2
va SiO
2
, H
2
CO
3
va H
2
SiO
3
, muoi cacbonat va muoi silicat.

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
OAT O>NG 1:
A- KIN TCC CAN NAE VCNG.
HS Cac nhom HS ( a chuan b bang tong ket ve tnh chat cua C va Si va
cac hp chat cua chung nha ) ien cac ket qua vao cac bang sau
GV chuan b cac bang phu e so sanh oi chieu ket qua.
Bang 1: $O $ANH TNH CHAT CUA CACBON & $ILIC
Cac tnh chat Cacbon $iIic Nhan xet
Cau hnh electron
NT.
1s
2
2s
2
2p
2
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
2

+ eu co 4 e
ng/c.
o am ien
2,55 1,9
A
C
>
A
Si

Cac so Oxy hoa -4, 0, +2, +4 -4, 0, (+2 ), +4
Cac dang thu hnh KC, TC, C VH Si TT, Si VH
Phan ng the
hien tnh kh
+ Tac dung vi O
2
(
t
0
)
+ Tac dung vi
hp chat ( oxi hoa
manh) HNO
3
,
H
2
SO
4
, KClO
3
.
* Vi cac NTo PK co
A ln hn nh F
2
, O
2

( t
0
).
* Vi dd kiem.

Phan ng the
hien tnh Oxy hoa
+ Tac dung H
2
( Ni,
t
0
)
+ Tac dung KL ( Al,
Mg. can t
0
).
t
0
cao t/d vi cac LK
Ca, Mg, Fe.

.
ieu che
1. Than ch
0
2000 C,xt:Fe
50.000-100.000at
kim cng
nhan tao.
2. Than a
0
1000 C, thi eu kk
than
SiO
2
+ Mg
0
t C
Si +
2MgO

90
coc
0
2500 C, khong cokk
than
ch.
3. Go + O
2
khong kh
thieu than go.
4. CH
4

0
t C, xt
than
muoi + H
2

Bang 2 SO SANH TNH CHAT CUA CO, CO
2
, SiO
2
.
Cac tnh
chat
CO
(oxit khong tao
muoi)
CO
2
( oxit axit)
$iO
2
( oxit axit)
Nhan
xet
Soh cua C
& Si
+2 +4 +4
Trang thai,
oc tnh
Kh, oc Kh, khong oc Ran, khong
oc

Tac dung
vi Kiem
Khong CO
2
+ NaOH
CO
2
+ 2NaOH
Tao vang cng
vi nc voi trong
Ca(OH)
2
SiO
2
+ 2NaOH, t
0

Na
2
SiO
2
+ 2H
2
O

Phan ng
the hien
tnh kh
CO+ CuO ( t
0
)
CO+ FeO ( t
0
)
CO+ O
2
CO
2
khong khong
Phan ng
the hien
tnh
Oxy hoa
C + CO
2
2CO
CO
2
+ Mg
0
t C
C +
2MgO
SiO
2
+ Mg
0
t C
Si + 2MgO

Tnh chat
khac
Tan trong HF

Bang 3: $O $ANH TNH CHAT CUA H
2
CO
3
& H
2
$iO
3
Cac tnh
chat
H
2
CO
3
H
2
$iO
3
Nhan xet
Tnh ben
- Ch ton tai trong
dung dch loang, rat
de b phan huy
thanh CO
2
va H
2
O.
- Ben hn H
2
CO
3
,
H
2
SiO
3 co
dang keo, khi
un nong mi b mat
nc. (H2SiO3 say kho mot
phan b mat nc tao thanh
Silicagen co S be mat ln lam
chat hap phu.)
- eu la chat
kem ben.
Tnh Axit
- Axit yeu
( tac dung vi kiem va cac
oxit kim loai kiem, muoi cua axit
yeu hn, nh phenolat, xilicat.)
- Axit rat yeu ( yeu
hn axit H
2
CO
3),
nen co
phan ng
Na2SiO3 + CO2+ H2O H2SiO3 +
Na2CO3.
- - Khi un nong b mat
nc mot phan tao
silicagen co S be mat
ln la chat hap phu.
- eu la axit yeu.
Bang 4: $O $ANH TNH CHAT MUOI CACBONAT & MUOI $ILICAT
Cac
tnh
chat
Na
2
CO
3
, CaCO
3
Na
2
$iO
3
,Ca$iO
3

Tnh tan
trong
nc
- Na
2
CO
3
tan
- CaCO
3
hau nh
khong tan
- Na
2
SiO
3
tan ( ch co muoi
silicat KLK tan con cac silicat KL
khac hau nh khong tan)

91
Tac
dung
vi Axit
- Tao muoi CO
2
+ H
2
O
.
- tao H
2
SiO
3
+ muoi cua axit
manh hn.

Tac
dung
bi
nhiet
- Ch co muoi
cacbonat KLK ben,
muoi axit va muoi KL#
khong ben .
- Muoi silicat KLK kha ben.
( Dung dch am ac cua a
2
SiO
3
va K
2
SiO
3
c goi la thuy tinh long).
B.BAI TA>! ( $GK trang 86)
HOAT ONG CUA GV
VA H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 2:
GV gi y va hng dan
HS lam bai tap
Bai tap 1 GV van ap
HS.

Bai tap 2
GV ch ro hn cac
phaPn ng xaPy ra:
b) CO
2
+ NaOH NaHCO
3

hoac
CO
2
+2NaOH Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O
c) SiO
2
+K
2
CO
3
K
2
SiO
3
+
CO
2
d) H
2
CO
3
+ Na
2
SiO
3
Na
2
CO
3
+
H
2
SiO
3
g) CO
2
+ Mg
0
t C
MgO + C
i) Si + 2NaOH + H
2
O
Na
2
SiO
3
+ H
2
(xay ra
manh liet )
Bai tap 3 GV cho HS viet
PTHH

Bai tap 1 Neu nhng iem giong nhau va khac
nhau ve tnh chat gia cacbon ioxit va silic ioxit.
Gi y:
a) Giong nhau gia CO
2
va $iO
2
- eu la oxit axit, tac dung c vi dung dch
kiem tao muoi.
- Ben nhiet, kho b phan huy.
- C va Si eu co soh + 4.
- Chung eu co kha nang the hien tnh oxi hoa
nhiet o cao va vi chat kh manh
4
2
CO +
0
Mg
0
t C
2
MgO+
0
C ;
4
2
Si O +
0
Mg
0
t C
2
MgO+
0
Si
b) Khac nhau:
- CO
2
chat kh, SiO
2
chat ran.
- CO
2
tan c trong nc, SiO
2
hau nh khong tan
trong nc.
- SiO
2
tac dung c vi HF.
Bai tap 2 Phan ng hoa hoc khong xay ra
nhng cap chat nao sau ay ?
a) C va CO* b) CO
2
va NaOH
c) K
2
CO
3
va SiO
2
d) H
2
CO
3
va Na
2
SiO
3

e) CO va CaO* g) CO
2
va Mg
h) SiO
2
va HCl* i) Si va NaOH
Gi y: a) e) h).
Bai tap 3 Co cac chat sau CO
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, C,
NaOH, Na
2
SiO
3
, H
2
SiO
3
. Hay lap thnah mot day
chuyen hoa
Gi y:
C CO
2

2
Na O
Na
2
CO
3

2
a(OH)
NaOH
2
SiO

Na
2
SiO
3
HCl
H
2
SiO
3

Bai tap 4 Cho 5,94 g hon
hp K
2
CO
3
va Na
2
CO
3
tac
dung vi dung dch H
2
SO
4

d thu c 7,74 g hon hp
cac muoi khan K
2
SO
4
va
Na
2
SO
4
. Thanh phan
phan tram cua hon hp
Bai tap 4 Gi y:
at M
2
CO
3
la cong thc chung cua Na
2
CO
3
va
K
2
CO
2

Th khoi lng tang
C 1 mol M
2
CO
3
M
2
SO
4
(2M+96,0) (2M + 60,0) =
36,0g
Vay x mol 7,74 5,94 =
92
au la
A) 3,18 g Na
2
CO
3
va2,76 g
K
2
CO
2
* ( x = 0,03, y = 0,02)
B) 3,81 g Na
2
CO
3
va 2,67 g
K
2
CO
2

C) 3,02 g Na
2
CO
3
va 2,25 g
K
2
CO
2

D) 4,27 g Na
2
CO
3
va 3,82 g
K
2
CO
2
Bai tap 5 e ot chay
6,80 g hon hp X gom
hiro va cacbon mono oxit
can 8,96 lt oxi ( o ktc).
Xac nh thnah phan
phan tram theo the tch
va theo khoi lng cua
hon hp X.

Bai tap 7 Mot loai thuy
tinh co thnah phan c
bieu dien bang cong
thc K
2
O. PbO. 6 SiO
2
. Tnh
khoi lng K
2
CO
3
, PbCO
3
,
va SiO
2
can dung e
san xuat c 6,77 tan
thuy tinh tren. Coi nh
hieu suat cua qua trnh
la 100%.

1,8g
Suy ra x =
1,8 x1,0
0,500 mol
3,0
. Phu hp ap an A.
( x + y = 0,05 mol)

Bai tap 5
Gi y:
2mol 1mol
Phan ng 2H
2
+ O
2
2H
2
O (1)
x 0,50x
2CO + O
2
2CO
2
(2)
2.mol 1mol
y 0,50y
Goi x la so mol H
2
va y la so mol CO 2x + 28 y =
6,80 (a)
0,50 (x + y) =
8,9
0,4 mol
22,4
x + y = 0,800
(b)
Giai ra c x = 0,600 va y = 0,200 v so mol t le
vi the tch vay H
2
chiem 75.0% ( ng vi
0,600mol) va 25,0% ( ng vi 0,200mol).
- Khoi lng hiro
0,00x2,0
100
,8
x = 17,6%
- Khoi lng cacbon mono oxit 100%-17,6% = 82,4%.

Bai tap 7
Gi y:
- Khoi lng 1 mol thuy tinh K
2
O. PbO. 6 SiO
2
la 677
g. Vay 6,77 g tng ng vi 6,77 677 = 0,01 mol.
Trong o so mol cac oxit tng ng la
0,01 mol K
2
O, 0,01 mol PbO, 0,01 x 6 mol SiO
2
V trong qua trnh san xuat K
2
CO
3
K
2
O , PbCO
3

PbO,
So mol oxit cung la so mol muoi. Vay can
-
0,01 x 138 = 1,38 (tan ) K
2
CO
3
-
0,01 x 267 = 2,67 (tan) PbCO
3
-
0,01 x 6 x 60,0 = 3,60 (tan) SiO
2
HOAT ONG 3
3/ Cung co: Lam lai cac bai tap SGK trang 86.
4/ Bai tap ve nha:

N TAP PHAN HOA HOC VO
C

14
27/2
oang Van oan
27/
11/2007
03/ 12 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
93

1. Kien thc:
- He thong hoa nhng khai niem c ban nh s ien li; axit, baz, muoi
theo thuyet ien li; Tnh chat cua nit photpho va cacbon silic.
- Hieu moi lien he gia thuyet ien li vi ng dung cua thuyet nay khi
nghien cu cac hp chat cua nit, photpho nh axit nitric, cac muoi nitrat, axit
photpho ric, cac muoi phot phat, v.v.
- Noi dung phan phi kim (nit photpho, cacbon silic) c nghien cu da
tren c s l thuyet hoa hoc ve nguyen t, lien ket hoa hoc va phan ng
hoa hoc.

2. K nang:
- Phat trien nang lc hoat ong hp tac theo nhom.
- Phat trien nang lc t hoc thong qua phan chuan b bai on tap.
- Ren luyen nang lc giai cac bai tap hoa hoc phan ien li, bai tap
hon hp.

II/ CHUAN B.
- GV chuan b bon phieu hoc tap. Thong qua he thong cau hoi. GV yeu
cau mc o kien thc . k nang e HS chuan b nha.
- Giay A
0
, but da, bang dnh hai mat.
- May chieu a nang, may vi tnh hay overhead nhng ni co ieu kien.
III/ MOT $O IEM CAN LU Y VA PHNG PHAP DAY HOC.
1. Noi dung.
- Noi dung on tap gom hai phan phan c s l thuyet hoa hoc chng
1. S ien li, phan phi kim chng 2. Nit photpho va chng 3. Cacbon
silic.
- Thuyet ien li cua A-re- ni-ut gom kha niem ve baz, muoi, hiroxit
lng tnh; s oan chieu phan ng trao oi gia cac ion trong dung
dch. Thuyet ien li c ap dung khi nghien cu cac hp chat quan
trong nh NH
3
, HNO
3
,. phan phi kim.
- Van dung c s l thuyet hoa hoc ve nguyen t, lien ket hoa hoc, toc
o phan ng va
can bang hoa hoc, phan ng oxy hoa kh , thuyet ien li vao hai
chng 2 va 3.
2. Phng phap day hoc.
- ac iem cua bai on tap la hoan thien, cung co cac kien thc a
hoc , tm moi lien quan e he thong hoa kien thc, nhan manh phan
trong tam. Tuy ieu kien, GV co the s dung cac phng phap day
hoc phu h nh lap bang tong ket, thao luan nhom, thao luan chung
ca lp theo cac phieu hoc tap.
- Nhng ni co ieu kien, co the chuyen cac noi dung on tap thanh
cac e tai d an hoc tap, HS t chon va thong nhat vi GV ve noi
dung e tai, thi gian hoan thanh, sau o bao cao trc lp.
-
2/ Bai on tap:
A- Cac to chc hoat ong day hoc:
Hoat ong 1: Thao luan noi dung phieu hoc tap 1.
94
GV co the mi ai dien tng nhom HS len trnh bay noi dung thao luan
cua nhom. co the la bai trnh dien power point, ban trong tren overhead, tren t
A
0
hay trnh bay bang phan va bang, nhan xet, bo sung.
Hoat ong 5: GV tong ket noi dung thao luan.

B- Cac hoat ong cu the:
Phieu hoc tap so 1
1. The nao la s ien li ? Khai niem ve axit, baz, muoi, hiroxit lng tnh
theo thuyet ien li. Cho v du minh hoa.
2. ieu kien xay ra phan ng trao oi gia cac ion trong dung dch. Viet
phng trnh ion ay u, thu gon cua cac phan ng sau
AgNO
3
+ NaCl AgCl + NaNO
3
Na
2
CO
3
+ 2HCl 2NaCl + H
2
O + CO
2

3. Mot coc nc co cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
-
, d mol HCO
3
-
. He
thc lien he gia a, b, c, d la A) 2a + 2b = c d B) a +
b = c + d
C) 2a + 2b = c + d * D) a + b = 2c + 2d
( Gi y: ap dung nh luat bao toan ien tJch : %oang ai so ien
tJch dng = toang ai so ien tJch am)
Phieu hoc tap so 2
1. Co V
1
ml dung dch axit HCl co pH =3, pha loang thanh V
2
ml dung dch HCl
co pH = 4. Bieu thc quan he gia V
1
va V
2
la
A) V
1
= 9V
2
B) V
2
= 10V
1

C) V
2
= 9V
1
D) V
1
= V
2

( Gi y: pH = - lg[H
+
]; pH tang 1 n v co ngha la nong o H
+
giam
10 lan, hay thea tJch dung dch tang 10 lan. %c la V
2
= 10V
1
)
2. Mot coc ng 200,0 ml dung dch AlCl
3
0,2M. Rot vao co nay 20,0 ml dung
dch NaOH nong o amol/l, ta thu c ket tua, em say kho va nung en
khoi lng khong oi th c 0,51 g chat ran. Hoi a co gia tr nao sau
ay ?
A) 1,5M B) 1M hay 1,5 M
C) 1,5m HAY 3,0M D) 1,5M HAY 7,5M*
( Gi y: Co thea xay ra 2 trng hp, aOH thieu so vi AlCl
3
hoac aOH d
so vi AlCl
3
)

Trng hp 1: eu aOH thieu so vi AlCl
3
:
2 3
Al O
0,51
n 0,0050 (mol)
102

2Al(OH)
3
0
t C

Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O (1)

2x 0,0050 = 0,010 mol ~ 0,0050 mol
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl (2)
3x 0,010 = 0,030 mol ~ 0,010 mol
(aOH thieu so vi AlCl
3
v AlCl
3
a cho la 0,020 x 0,2 = 0,040 mol, neu
aOH va u
phai la 3 x 0,040 = 0,120 mol theo phan ng (2) tc la AlCl
3
van con d
sau phan ng)
Vay C
M (NaOH)
=
0,030
0,020lit
= 1,5 (mol/l)
Trng hp 2: eu aOH d so vi AlCl
3
: %c la aOH tac dung vi AlCl
3
tao
Al(OH)
3
, sau o
aOH d se tac dung tr lai mot phan cua Al(OH)
3
va tao ra. phan
con lai Al(OH)
3
d em nung se tao Al
2
O
3
nh bai a cho.
- So mol AlCl
3
a cho la
3
AlCl
n
= 0,20 x 0,2 = 0,04 mol.
95
- So mol Al
2
O
3
tao ra theo bai la
2 3
Al
3 =
0,51
0,0050 mol
102

+ Ban au AlCl
3
se phan ng het vi NaOH d
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
(1)
0,040 mol 0,04 x 3 = 0,12 moI 0,040 mol ( tong cong)
+ Sau o, Al(OH)
3
va tao ra mot phan mat i do tac dung tr lai
NaOH d tao NaAlO
2
tan. Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2

+ 2H
2
O (2)
mat i 0,040 0,010 mol 0,040 0,010 mol
+ Mot phan con lai Al(OH)
3
em nung nong
Al(OH)
3
0
t C

1
2
Al
2
O
3
+
3
2
H
2
O
(3)
2 x0,0050 = 0,0100 mol ~ 0,0050 mol
+ Toan bo so mol NaOH se la
NaH
3 cua (1) +
NaH
3 (2)

NaH
3 cua (1) tnh theo so mol AlCl
3
nen
NaH
3 cua (1) = 0,04 x 3 = 0,12
mol

NaH
3 cua (2) tnh theo so mol Al
2
O
3
nen
NaH
3 cua (2) se c tnh la
Theo (3)
3
( ) Al H
3
= 2
2 3
Al
3 = 2 x 0,0050 = 0,0100 mol, theo (2)

NaH
3
cua (2) =
3
( ) Al H
3
(2) = tong so
3
( ) Al H
3
(1) so mol
3
( ) Al H
3
(3)
= 0,040 - 0,010 = 0,030 mol
Cuoi cung
NaH
3
cho cac phan ng la 0,12 mol + 0,030 = 0,150 mol
(ay la
NaH
3
tong cong = 0,040 x 0,040 - 0,010 = 0,150 2ol)
C
M( NaOH)
=
0,150
0,020 lit
= 7,5 M.
Phieu hoc tap so 2

1. So sanh nit photpho va cacbon silic ve cac noi dung
- ac iem cau tao nguyen t va lien ket hoa hoc
- Tnh chat vat l va hoa hoc cua cac n chat nit, photpho, cacbon va silic.
- The nao la dang thu hnh ? Hien tng thu hnh photpho va cacbon.
- Cac hp chat quan trong, co nhieu ng dung cua nit, photpho, cacbon va
silic.
Phieu hoc tap so 3
1. So sanh nit photpho va cacbon silic ve cac noi dung
- ac iem cau tao nguyen t va lien ket hoa hoc.
- Tnh chat vat l va hoa hoc cua cac n chat nit, photpho va cacbon, silic.
- The nao la dang thu hnh ? Hien tng thu photpho va cacbon.
- Cac hp chat quan trong, co nhieu ng dung cua nit photpho va cacbon
silic.
2. Vai tro cua N P va cua C Si oi vi cong nong nghiep.
3. So sanh cac axit HNO
3
, HCl va H
2
SO
4
ve thanh phan phan t, tnh chat
ien li, tnh axit. Lap bang so sanh ba axit.
Phieu hoc tap so 4
1. Cac bien phap k thuat ap dung l thuyet toc o phan ng va can
bang hoa hoc trong san xuat amoniac va axit nitric.
2. ong (Cu) tac dung vi axit nitric ac th thu c kh nao sau ay ?
A) H
2
B) N
2
C) NO
2
* D) NO
96
3. Chat nao sau ay la nguyen nhan chnh lam cho kh hau Trai at am
dan len ?
A) H
2
O B) CO
2
* C) SiO
2
D) SO
2
/ Bai tap ve nha: Xem bai hoc mi: Chng 4
AI CNG VE HOA HOC HU C

BAI
20
CHNG 4: AI CNG VE HOA HOC
HU C
M AU VE HOA HOC HU C

14
28
oang Van oan
30 /
11/2007
06/12/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. (H'D' TR110 -111)
- HS biet Cac ac iem cua hp chat hu c. Phan biet c ac iem
cua hp chat hu c vi hp chat vo c; Cach phan loai hp chat vo c theo
thanh phan hoac theo mach cacbon; Phng phap xac nh nh tnh, nh lng
cac nguyen to hoa hoc trong hp chat hu c.
- HS hieu V sao tnh chat cua cac hp chat hu c lai mat khac so v tnh
chat cua hp chat vo c; Tam quan trong cua viec phan tch nguyen to trong
hp chat hu c.

II/ CHUAN B.
* GV Bang phan loai chat hu c (SGK tr 88). Th nghiem ve tnh chat vat l
cua hp chat hu c th nghiem phan tch nh tnh cac nguyen to trong phan
t hp chat hu c.
** HS On lai kien thc ve hp chat hu c a hoc cap THCS; Quan
sat nhng hp chat hu c hay gap trong cuoc song, t o co nhng nhan
xet s bo ve s khac nhau gia hp chat hu c va hp chat vo c.




2/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I- KHAI NIEM VE HP CHAT HU C VA HOA HOC HU C.
GV y/c HS ke ten 5 hp chat
vo c va5 chat hu c ma em
biet ?
+ Hoac GV ea 5 chat vo c va
5 chat hu c tren ban ( cu
thea: muoi an, ng, nc,
dau an, ru, axit (HCl.), a
HS ke ten 5 hp
chat vo c va5 chat
hu c ma em biet ?
Y/C HS tm ra ie2
chung ve thanh
phan nguyen to
tao nen hp chat
hu c tren cac
+ Hp chat hu c la
nhng hp chat cua
cacbon ( tr CO, CO
2

va cac 2uoi cacbonat,
xianua va cacbua).

97
voi, giam an, baz (aOH.),
benzen va y/c HS xac nh cac
chat thuoc loai vo c va cac
chat thuoc loai hu c.
GV viet cong thc cac chat
len bang theo tng loai. Y/C HS
tm
chat hu c a biet
cong thc.
Y/C H$ KL: hp chat
hu c la nhng
hp chat cua
cacbon ( tr CO, CO
2

va cac 2uoi
cacbonat, xianua va
cacbua)

ra ie2 chung ve thanh phan
nguyen to tao nen hp chat
hu c.
GV bo sung Ve hoa hoc hu
c.
+ Hoa hoc hu c la
nganh Hoa hoc
nghien cu cac hp
chat hu c.

II - PHAN LOAI HP CHAT HU C
GV ghi mot so cong thc cua
hirocacbon va dan xuat cua
hirocacbon va yeu cau HS sap
xep cac chat tren thanh 2
loai va goi ten 2oi loai hp
chat.
GV cho HS xem bang phan loai
chat hu c ( trang 88 SGK), a ra
mot so v du ve s phan lloai
o.
GV a ra cach phan loai khac
theo mach cacbon.
HS sap xep cac
chat tren thanh
2 loai va goi ten
2oi loai hp
chat.

HS xem bang
phan loai chat
hu c ( trang 88
SGK), a ra mot
so v du ve s
phan loai o.

1. !han loai:
+ Hi rocacbon ch
cha cacbon va hiro.

+ Dan xuat cua
hirocacbon Ngoai C, H
con co O, Cl, S.

2. Nho2 chc:
+ La nhom nguyen
t gay ra cac phan
ng hoa hoc ac
trng cua phan t
hp chat hu c.

+ Mot so nhom chc
quan trong
-OH, - COOH, -Cl, -C=C- , -O-
,.
HOAT ONG 2
III- AC IEM CHUNG CUA HP CHAT HUC .
GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve
lien ket hoa hoc chu yeu trong
hp chat hu c va yeu cau HS
cho biet cac chat co lien ket
cong hoa tr thng co
nhng ac ie2 gi ve tnh
chat ?
HS cho biet cac
chat co lien
ket cong hoa
tr thng co
nhng ac
ie2 gi ve tnh
chat ?

1. ac iem cau tao.
- Tao bi chu yeu
cac nguyen to phi kim
( co A khong
khac nhau nhieu) nen
LK trong phan t
HCHC chu yeu la
LKCHT.

- Phan t phai co C
ngoai ra con co H, O
N, Cl, S,.
GV gii thieu bnh cha xang,
yeu cau HS quan sat va a ra
cac nhan xet ve tnh chat vat
l.
* Mui ( chng to co nhiet o
HS quan sat va
a ra cac nhan
xet ve tnh chat
vat l.
2. Tnh chat vat I.
+ Thng co t
s
, t
nc

thap (de bay hi nen
de co mui).

98
nong chay, nhiet o soi
thap.)
* Rot t t xang vao nc
thay co phan lp ( chng toP
khong tan trong nc).
+ T nhng nhan xet tren va
nhng kien thc a co, HS rut
ra nhan xet chung ve tnh chat
vat l cuPa chat hu c.
+ Thng khong tan
hay t tan trong nc,
nhng tan trong dung
moi hu c ( dung moi
khong cc).
GV neu th du minh hoa cu the
e dan ti ket luan hp chat
hu c kem ben nhiet va de
chay.
3. tnh chat hoa hoc.
+ a so CHC thng
kem ben nhiet, de
chay.

GV neu cu the cac phan ng
hu c trong i song len men
tinh bot e nau ru, lam giam,
nau xa phong.
HS rut ra nhan
xet Phan ng
hoa hoc cua cac
hp chat hu c
thng xay ra
cham va theo
nhieu hng
khac nhau trong
cung mot ieu
kien, tao ra hon
hp san pham.
+ P/ thng xay ra
cham, khong hoan
toan, khong theo mot
hng nhat nh va
phai un nong hay
can xuc tac.
HOAT ONG 3
IV- $ LC VE PHAN TCH NGUYEN TO
( ea biet c (thiet lap) cong thc phan t hp chat hu c, can tien hanh phan tJch nh tJnh va
nh lng cac nguyen to)
GV trnh bay muc ch, nguyen
tac va phng phap phep phan
tch nh tnh
+ PP xac nh C va H:
( hnh ve 4.1 SGK tr 90)

Ban au Ia
nc voi
trong

Hon hp
C
6
H
12
O
6
vaCuO
Bong tam bot
CuSO
4
khan
Mau trang cua Cu$O
4
khan
chuyen thanh mau xanh cua muoi
ngam nc Cu$O
4
5H
2
O, xac nhan
coH trong hp chat nghien cu
Stao thanh ket tua
trang CaCO
3
xac nhan
coC trong hp chat hu c

1. Phan tch nh
tnh.
a. uc ch:
ham xac nh
nguyen to hoa
hoc co trong thanh
phan phan t hp
chat hu c.
b. Nguyen tac.
Chuyean cac
nguyen to trong
hp chat hu c
thanh cac chat
vo c n gian roi
nhan biet chung
bang cac phan
ng ac trng.
c. !hng phap.
+ oi vi C va H (
theo hnh ve 4.1
SGK tr 90)
+ Xac nh N.
+ P.P xac nh N

GV cho HS tham khao SGK tr 90
va tra li theo cac cau hoi
HS tham khao SGK tr
90 va tra li theo
2. Phan tch nh
Ing.
99
cua GV ve 2uc ch, nguyen
tac va phng phap tien hanh.
GV
cac cau hoi cua
GV ve 2uc ch,
nguyen tac va
phng phap tien
hanh.

a) uc ch: ac
nh thanh phan
phan tram ve KL
cac nguyen to
trong phan t
HCHC.
b) Nguyen tac:
C

HS tham khao SGK tr
90
c) !hng phap:
GV dung li e dien ta hoac
at cau hoi vi HS da vao
SGK e tra li.
Cu the Can lay chnh xac a(g) chat hu
c A.
Chuyen A thanh CO
2
(cho qua m(g) dd KOH
d biet c m CO
2
= m
2KOH
m
1KOH
), H
2
O (
cho loi qua m (g) dd H
2
SO
4 ac
biet c m
H
2
O = m
2
m
1
,

GV cho HS tham khao SGK tr 91
e nam c cac bieu thc
tnh

GV bo sung: Hien nay co cac
thiet b hien ai t ong phan
tch % KL hau het cac nguyen
to.
N
2
biet c bang cach o trc tiep V the
tch ( kc)
+ tnh % KL cac nguyen to
+ % O = 100% - ( % C + % H + % N.).
d) Cac bieu thc tnh.
2 2 2
CO H O N
C H N
C N H
m .12,0 m .2,0 V .28,0
m (g), m (g), m (g)
44,0 18,0 22,4
m .100 m .100 m .100
C , H , N
a a a
O 100 - (C H N) Cuoi cung

HOAT ONG 4
CUNG CO TOAN BAI
GV chot lai cac kien thc trong
tam cua bai AC EM
HCHC, PTT, PTL.

4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap ap dung
ot chay 13,8 gam chat hu c A thu c 26,4 gam kh CO
2
va 16,2 gam
nc. Hay tnh khoi lng va % khoi lng cac nguyen to trong chat hu c A.
Giai:
Tnh khoi Ing cac nguyen to:

2
CO
C
m
m x 12,0
44
=
2,4
x 12,0 0, x 12 7,2 (g)
44
,
2
H O
H
m x 2,0
1,2 x 2,0
m 1,8 (g)
18,0 18,0

m
O
= 13,8 ( 7,2+ 1,8) = 4,8 (g)
Tnh khoi % cac nguyen to ay a = 13,8 (g)
100

C
m x 100 7,2 x 100
C 52,18
a 13,8
,
H
m x 100 1,8 x100
H 13, 04
a 13,8
=
%O = 100% - ( 52,17 + 13,04)% = 34,79% hoac
(
O
m x 100 4,8 x100
O 34,78 )
a 13,8
<
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4 SGK tr 91.

BAI
21

CONG THC PHAN T HP CHAT
HU C
Tuan Tiet 1 Ngi soan Ngay soan Ngay Ien I Day Ip
15
29
oang Van oan
02 /12
/2007
10/ 12 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
HS biet
- Bieu dien thanh phan phan t hp chat hu c bang cac loai cong
thc. Biet c y ngha cua moi loai congt thc.
- Thiet lap CTPT hp chat hu c theo phng phap pho bien la da
vao (1) phan tram khoi lng cac nguyen to; (2) thong qua cong thc n gian
nhat (CTGN); (3) tnh trc tiep theo khoi lng san pham ot chay.
HS hieu e lap CTPT hp chat hu c ngoai viec phan tch nh tnh,
nh lng nguyen to, can xac nh khoi lng mol phan t hoac biet ten loai
hp chat . t o, giup xac nh c CTGN, CTPT cua hp chat hu c khao
sat.
HS van dung: Giai c mot so bai tap lap CTPT.
2. K nang:

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Mot so bai tap xac nh CTPT hp chat hu c.
HS on lai phng phap phan tch nh tnh, nh lng cac nguyen to trong
hp chat hu c.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
101
a/ Trnh bay muc ch, nguyen tac va phng phap phan tch nh tnh
chat hu c?
b/ Trnh bay muc ch, nguyen tac va phng phap phan tch nh
lng chat hu
c?
c/ Viet cac bieu thc tnh khoi lng va % cac nguyen to trong hp
chat hu c ?
d/ Bai tap SGK trang 95
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
I- CONG THC N GIAN NHAT
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK tr 116.
HS nghien cu SGK
e nam c nh
ngha ve CTGN.
1. nh ngha.
CTGN la CT bieu th t le
toi giaPn ve so NT cuPa cac
nguyen to trong phan tP.
HOAT ONG 2
Da tren y ngha cua
CTGN cho biet t le
toi gian
HS rut ra bieu thc
ve t
2- Cach thiet Iap cong
thc n gian nhat.

ve so NT cac ng/to.
GV hng dan HS rut
ra bieu thc ve t le
so NT cac ng/to trong
hp chat hu c.

GV hng dan HS lam
bai tap ap dung.

Gi y, van ap

Chu y: ea a en
cac gia tr so nguyen
toi gian ta co thea chia
cho so nho nhat trong
cac so x': y': z' hoac
mot c so chung cho
ca x', y' va z' ea co
c cac so nguyen
a: b : c.
le so NT cac ng/to
trong hp chat hu
c.
HS rut ra bieu thc
ve t le so NT
cac ng/to trong hp
chat hu c.

HS lam bai tap ap
dung.

a- Goi CTPT chat hu c la
C
x
H
y
O
z
( x, y, z nguyen dng)
- Lap t le
C O H
C H O
m m m
x : y : z : : n : n : n
12,0 1,0 1,0

Hoac
C H O
x : y : z : : a : b: c
12,0 1,0 1,0

( a, b, c la nhng so nguyen toi
gian)
Ta c CTGN C
a
H
b
O
c
b- Bai tap ap dung (s dung
ket qua bai toan trc)
Goi CTPT chat hu c la
C
x
H
y
O
z

7,2 1,8 4,8
x : y : z : : 0, : 1,8 : 0,3
12,0 1,0 1,0
2 : : 1

Hoac
52,18 13,04 34,79
x : y : z : : 4,35 : 13,04 : 2,2
12,0 1,0 1,0
2 : :1
Ta c CTGN C
2
H
6
O
II- CONG THC PHAN T
HOAT ONG 3
GV a ra mot so v v
du ve cong thc phan
t. nh CH
2
O, C
2
H
6
O,
C
2
H
4
O
2
, C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
8
O,.
HS nhan xet va
rut ra nh ngha.

1. nh ngha:
CTPT la CT bieu th so lng
nguyen t cua moi nguyen
to trong phan t.
102
GV cho v du
CTPT CTGN
C
2
H
4
C
2
H
4
O
2

C
6
H
12
O
6

CH
3
CH
4
C
2
H
6
O
CH
2
O
.
CH
2
CH
2
O
CH
2
O
C
2
H
6
CH
4
C
2
H
6
O
CH
2
O
.
HS quan sat ve
thanh phan ve
thanh phan va so
nguyen t gia
CTPT va CTGN rut
ra nhan xet
2. Quan he gia CTPT vi
CTGN
* Thanh phan nguyen to
giong nhau.

* Trong nhieu trng hp, so
lng nguyen t moi nguyen
to khac nhau.

* Trong mot so trng hp,
CTGN cung chnh la CTPT.
4/ Cung co:
Bai tap ot chay hoan toan 15,0 gam mot chat hu c, thu c 22,0 gam kh
CO
2
va 9 gam nc. Xac nh CTGN cua chat hu c.
Gi y: ( m
C
= 6, m
H
= 1 va m
O
= 8 do o CTGN la CH
2
O)
5/ Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 SGK trang 95

BAI
21

CONG THC PHAN T HP CHAT
HU C
15
30
oang Van oan
04/ 12
/2007
13/ 12/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
HS biet
- Bieu dien thanh phan phan t hp chat hu c bang cac loai cong
thc. Biet c y ngha cua moi loai congt thc.
- Thiet lap CTPT hp chat hu c theo phng phap pho bien la da vao
(1) phan tram khoi lng cac nguyen to; (2) thong qua cong thqcs n gian
nhat (CTGN); (3) tnh trc tiep theo khoi lng san pham ot chay.
HS hieu e lap CTPT hp chat hu c ngoai viec phan tch nh tnh,
nh lng nguyen to, can xac nh khoi lng mol phan t hoac biet ten loai
hp chat . t o, giup xac nh c CTGN, CTPT cua hp chat hu c khao
sat.
HS van dung: Giai c mot so bai tap lap CTPT.
2. K nang:

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Mot so bai tap xac nh CTPT hp chat hu c.
HS On lai phng phap phan tch nh tnh, nh lng cac nguyen to trong
hp chat hu c.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Trnh bay muc ch, nguyen tac va phng phap phan tch nh
chat hu c?
103
b/ Trnh bay muc ch, nguyen tac va phng phap phan tch nh
lng chat hu
c?
c/ Viet cac bieu thc tnh khoi lng va % cac nguyen to trong hp
chat hu c ?
d/ Bai tap SGK trang 95
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
3. Cach thiet Iap cong thc phan t cua hp chat hu c.
GV
* Gi y HS viet s o qua trnh xac nh cong thc phan t hp chat hu
c.
p chat hu c
Phan tch
nh tnh
Thanh phan nguyen to
Phan tch
nh lng
Cong thc
n giaPn nhat
Da vao M (g/mol)
hoac bien luan
Cong thc phan tP.
* Co phng phap pho bien e xac nh so nguyen tP x, y, z . cuPa 2oi
nguyen to C, , O, .trong phan tP C
x
y
O
z
, .

104
GV hng dan HS da
vao SGK cach tnh gia
tr x, y, z theo %C, %H,
%O.

a) Da vao phan tra2
khoi lng cac
nguyen to.
Bai toan ap dung:
Bai 5 SGK trang 95
( Xem giai trang sau)

b) Thong qua CT n
giaPn nhat.
Bai toan ap dung:
Bai tap 6 trang 95 SGK

c) Tnh trc tiep theo
khoi lng saPn pha2
ot chay.
Bai toan ap dung:
Bai 3 SGK trang 95
HS XD t le xac
nh gia tr x, y, z
theo cac so lieu
a xac nh.

HS rut bieu thc
tnh x, y, z.

a) Da vao phan tra2 khoi
lng cac nguyen to. ( theo
GSK)
* Xet s o
C
x
H
y
O
z
xC + yH + zO
Kl M (g) 12,0x(g) 1,0y(g)
16,0x(g)
% 100% %C %H
%O
T le
M 12,0.x 1,0.y 1,0.z

100 C H O

M. C
x
100. 12,0
,
M. H
y
100.1.0
,
M . O
z
100.1,0
Bai toan ap dung:
( bai 5 SGK trang 95)
Hp chat X co % khoi lng C,
H va O lan lt bang 54,54%;
9,10% va36,36%. M
x
= 88,0 g/mol.
CTPT nao sau ay phu hp
vi hp chat X.
A. C
4
H
10
O B. C
4
H
8
O
2

C. C
5
H
12
O D. C
4
H
10
O
2
at x la C
x
H
y
O
z
( vi x, y, z nguyen
dng).
M. C 88, 0.54,54
x 4
100. 12,0 100.12, 0
=

M. H 88, 0.9,10
y 8
100.1.0 100.1, 0
=

M . O 88,0.3,3
z 2
100.1,0 100.1,0

C
4
H
8
O
2

b) Thong qua CT n giaPn
nhat.
- V nguyen t cua moi
nguyen to trong CTPT la so
nguyen lan (n) so nguyen t
cua no trong CTG. C
a
H
b
O
c
(C
a
H
b
O
c
)
n
(12,0.a+1,0.b+16,0.c)n= M
x
Biet a, b, c va M n CTPT.
Bai toan ap dung:
Chat hu c B co CTGN la
CH
2
O biet M
B
= 60g/mol. Tm
CTPT cua B.
( 12,0.1 + 1.2+ 16.1) n = 60,0
30,0n = 60 vay n = 2 B C
2
H
4
O
2
.
c) Tnh trc tiep theo khoi
lng saPn pha2 ot chay.
C
x
H
y
O
z
+
0
t
2 2 2
y z y
x O x CO H O
4 2 2

' '

1mol x mol
y
2
mol
n
x

2
CO
n
105
2
H O
n
Biet n
x
,
2
CO
n ,
2
H O
n tm c x, y
.Biet M suy ra Z.

HOAT ONG 2 HNG DAN BAI TAP $GK TR 95.
1. Tnh khoi lng mol phan t cua cac
chat sau
1. a) M
A
= d
A/ kk
. M
kk
= 2,07x 29,0 =
60,0g/mol.
106
a) Chat A co t khoi hi so vi khong kh
bang 2,07.
b) The tch hi cua 3,30 gam chat X bang
the tch cua 1,76 gam kh oxi ( o ccung
ieu kien nhiet o ap suat).

2. Limonen la mot chat co mui thm du
c tach t tinh dau chanh. Ket qua
phan tch nguyen to cho thay limonen
c cau tao t hai nguyen to C va H,
trong o C chiem 88,235% ve khoi lng.
T khoi hi cua limonen so vi khong kh
gan bang 4,690. Lap cong thc phan t
cua lomnen.

3. ot chay hoan toan 0,30 gam chat A (
phan t ch cha C, H, O) thu c
0,44gam kh cacbonic va 0,18 gam nc.
The tch cua 0,30 gam chat A bang the
tch cua 0,16 gam oxi ( cung ieu kien
ve nhiet o va ap suat).

4. T tinh dau hoi, ngi ta tach c
anetol mot chat thm c san xuat keo
cao su. Anetol co khoi lng phan t
bang 148,0 g/mol. Phan tch nguyen to cho
thay, anetol co %C = 81,08%; %H = 8,10%,
con lai la oxi. Lap cong thc n gian
nhat va cong thc phan t cua anetol.

5. Hp chat X co phan tram khoi lng
cacbon, hiro va oxi lan lt bang 54,54%,
9,10%, va 36,36%. Khoi lng mol phan
t cua X bang 88,0 g/mol. Cong thc
phan t nao sau ay ng vi hp chat
cua X ?
A) C
4
H
10
O B) C
4
H
8
O
2
C) C
5
H
12
O D) C
6
H
10
O
2

6. Hp chat Z co cong thc n gian
nhat la CH
3
O va t khoi hi so vi hiro
bang 31,0. Cong thc phan t nao sau
ay ng vi hp chat cua Z ?
A) CH
3
O B) C
2
H
6
O
2
C) C
2
H
6
O D)
C
3
H
9
O
3

b) Trong cung ieu kien the tch
kh t le thuan vi so mol. kh
nen
V
X
=
2
O
V = n
X
=
2
O
n =
1,7
0,0550 (mol)
32,0

M
X
= 3,30 0,0550 = 60,0 (g/mol).
2. M
limonen
= 4,690x 29,0 =136 (g/mol)
Goi CTPT cuat lmonen la C
x
H
y

xy =
C H 88,235 11,75
: 5:8
12,0 1,0 12 1,0

CTGN laC
5
H
8
CTPT la C
10
H
16
.

3. V
A
=
2
O
V = n
X
=
2
O
n =
0,1
0,0050 (mol)
32,0

M
Z
=
0,30
0 (g/mol)
0,0050

C
x
H
y
O
z
+
y z
x -
4 2

' '
O
2
0
t
xCO
2
+
y
2
H
2
O
1mol x mol
y
2
mol
0,0050 mol
0,44 0,18
0,010 (mol) 0,010 (mol)
44,0 18,0

x = 2 va y = 4 ket hp vi M= 60
z = 2
CTPT la C
2
H
4
O
2

4. CTGN va CTPT cua anetol la
C
10
H
12
O CTPT cung chnh la C
10
H
12
O.
5. B . C
4
H
8
O
2
so nguyen t C, H va O
tng ng la
54,54.88,0
4
100.12,0
=
,
9,10.88,0
8
100.1.0
=
,
3,3 .88,0
2
100.1,0
=

6. B C
2
H
6
O
2
, M
Z
= 31,0 x 2,0 = 62
(g/mol)
CTPT cua Z (CH
3
O)
n
31n = 62 n
= 2

CTPT cua Z la C
2
H
6
O
2
.
Nhac nh ve nha xem bai hoc mi.

107

BAI
22
CAU TRUC PHAN T CHAT HU C
16
1
oang Van oan
08 /
12/2007
17/ 12/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet: Noi dung c ban cua thuyet cau tao hoa hoc, khai niem ong
ang, ong phan.
- $ hieu: Thuyet cau tao hoa hoc gi vai tro quan trong trong viec nghien
cu cau tao va tnh chat cua hp chat hu c; S hnh thanh lien ket n,
oi, ba.
- $ van dung: Lap c day ong ang, viet c cac CTCT cac ong
phan ng vi CTPT cho trc.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Mo hnh hoac tranh anh ve cau truc phan t hu c ( phan t CH
4
).
HS Xem trc bai hoc.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Neu nh ngha cong thc n gian nhat va cong thc phan t.
Neu moi quan he gia hai loai cong thc nay cho v du minh hoa.
b/ Neu cac cach thiet lap cong thc phan t a hoc.
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1: I. CONG THC CAU TAO
GV phan tch th du ve
CTPT, CTCT.
Th du ng vi CTPT
C
3
H
6

CH
2
H
2
C
CH
2

hoa
c

CH3-
CH=CH2

Qua v du va SGK GV yeu
cau neu khai niem ve
CTCT
HS rut ra khai niem
ve cau tao hoa
hoc.
Y/C Thay c:
a/ CTCT la CT bieu
dien th t lien ket
va cach thc lien
ket ( lk n, lk boi)
cua cac nguyen t
trong phan t.
b/ Mot CTPT co the
co nhieu CTCT.
- e xac nh CTCT
ung can da vao
* Thc nghiem ket
hp vi thuyet cau
tao hoa hoc.
1. Khai niem.
* CTCT bieu dien th t
va cach thc lien ket (
lien ket n, lien ket
boi) cuPa cac nguyen tP
trong phan tP.

108
GV hng dan HS xem
SGK trang 96.
- GV cho Hs nhan xet so
vach lien ket xung quanh
NT (C) la 4 NT (H) la 1.
HS nghien cu SGK
rut ra khai niem ve
cac loai CTCT.

- HS xem VD minh hoa
SGK trang 96.
2. Cac Ioai cong thc
cau tao.
a/- CTCT khai trien:
- Cach bieu dien
Bieu dien tren mat
phang giay tat ca cac
lien ket hoa hoc.
- V du
C C C
C
H H H
H H
H H
H
H H
.
b/ CTCT thu gon ( 2 loai).
Cach 1 Cac NT , nhom NT
cung lien ket vi mot NT
C c viet thanh mot
nhom.
- V du
CH C CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
= =

CH
2 CH
2
OH
CH
3

Cach 2
- Ch bieu dien lien ket
gia cac NT C va nhom
chc.
- Moi au oan thang,
moi iem gap khuc ng
vi mot NT (C ).
- Khong bieu dien NT (H) lk
Vi NT ( C).
V du ( Theo VD tren)
va
OH

HOAT ONG 2 II. THUYET CAU TAO HOA HOC
GV a ra cac th du giup
hoc sinh phan tch cac th
du.
GV bieu dien CTCT cua
C
2
H
6
O di 2 dang ( ghi
song song 2 CTCT) kem
theo nhng tnh chat khac
nhau.
- GV giup HS phan tch
cho
* Hoa tr cua cac nguyen
t.
* Trat t lien ket va s
thay oi trat t lien ket
th tnh chat cua chat co
thay oi theo khong?

- GV cho HS s dung SGK
ve noi dung va th du
GV Hoi them Moi chat
T cac th du HS
neu len cac noi
dung chnh cua
thuyet cau tao hoa
hoc.

Y/C Moi chat ch
co mot CTCT.

1. Noi dung.
a/ Trong phan tP hp chat
hu c, cac nguyen tP
lien ket vi nhau theo
ung hoa tr va theo 2ot
trat t nhat nh. Th t
lien ket o c goi la
cau tao hoa hoc. $ thay
oi lien ket o, tc la
thay oi cau tao hoa hoc,
se tao ra hp chat khac.
Th du Cung CTPT la
C
2
H
6
O
CH
3
-CH
2
OH
Ru etylic
T
S
= 78,3
0
C
Tan vo han
trong nc,
tac dung
vi Na giai
phong kh H
2
CH
3
-O-CH
3
imetyl ete
T
S
= -23
0
C
- t tan trong
nc.
- Khong tac
dung vi Na

109
ch co mot CTCT hay co
nhieu CTCT?

HOAT ONG 3
GV a ra th du ve cac
CTCT cua hp chat hu
c cu the va at cau
hoi.
- Trong cac th du tren so
lien ket ma moi NT
cacbon co the tao ra la
bao nhieu?

- Hay nhan xet ve mach
C ve kha nang lien ket
cua NT C vi cac NT
nguyen to khac?
- GV cho HS s dung SGK
ve noi dung va th du
HS
Y/C trong phan t h/c
hu c C luon co
hoa tr 4.
Y/C NT C co the lk
vi nhau tao mach
h ( Co nhanh,
khong nhanh), mach
vong va lien ket
vi cac nguyen to
khac.

b/ Trong phan t hp chat
hu c, cacbon co hoa tr
bon. Nhng nguyen t
cacbon khong nhng co
the lien ket vi nguyen
t cac nguyen to khac
ma con lien ket vi nhau
tao thanh mach cacbon
(mach vong, mach khong
vong, mach nhanh, mach
khong nhanh)
- Th du
* Mach (C) h
CH
3
- CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
khong
nhanh
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH

co nhanh
* Mach vong
C
C C
CH
2
H
2
H
2
H
2

HOAT ONG 4
GV a th du minh hoa cu
the ve s phu thuoc cua
tnh chat cua hp chat
hu c theo thanh phan
phan t va cau tao hoa
hoc ( hoac yeu cau HS
quan sat bang trong SGK
trang 98, can c vao cac
thong tin ve cac chat va
rut ra nhan xet.

GV Hay neu y ngha cua
thuyet cau tao hoa hoc.
HS Tnh chat cua
hp chat hu c phu
thuoc vao thanh
phan phan t ( ban
chat va so lng
nguyen t) va cau
tao hoa hoc.

HS neu y ngha
c/ Tnh chat cua cac chat
phu thuoc vao thanh
phan phan t ( ban chat
so lng cac nguyen t)
va cau tao hoa hoc ( th
t lien ket cac nguyen
t).
Th du
Z

BC
CH
4
kh,
de
chay
CCl
4
long,
de chay

Z
SL
C
4
H
8
kh C
5
H
12

long

Z

CT

C
2
H
5
OH
long
CH
3
OCH
3

kh
2. Y ngha.
Thuyet CTHH giai thch
hien tng ong ang,
ong phan.
HOAT ONG 5 III. ONG ANG, ONG PHAN
GV a ra mot day cac
CTPT ( th du CH
4
, C
2
H
6
,
C
3
H
8
.) va giup HS tm ra
qui luat (nhng chat sau
hn chat trc mot nhom
CH
2
hay nhieu nhom CH
2
).
HS neu Khai niem
ve ong ang va
day ong ang.
1. ong ang
a/ Th du: xet cac
hirocacbon.
- CH
4
, C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
.
- C
2
H
4
, C
3
H
6
, C
4
H
8
, .
b/ Khai nie2. Nhng hp
110
Vay CT chung cua day
c k hieu nhng the
nao?.
GV bo sung cac chat
tren khong ch co thanh
phan hn kem nhau mot
hay nhieu nhom CH
2
,
chung con tng t nhau
ve ac iem
chat co thanh phan
phan tP hn ke2 nhau
2ot hay nhieu nho2 C
2

nhng co tnh chat hoa
hoc tng t nhau la
nhng chat ong ang,
chung hp thanh day
ong ang.

cau tao nen tnh chat
hoa hoc cua chung cung
tng t nhau. Hien tng
o c goi Ia ong
ang.
GV neu van e cac
chat hn kem nhau mot
so nhom CH
2,
cau tao va
tnh chat tng t nhau ta
co khai niem ong
ang, vay neu cac chat
co cung CTPT nhng CTCT
khac nhau ta se co khai
niem mi nao?
GV a th du cu the hnh
thanh khai niem ong
phan.
GV hng dan HS phan
biet cac loai ong phan
ong phan mach C, ong
phan v tr noi boi, ong
phan nhom chc, ong
phan lap the.
- ong phan mach C
Mach thang, nhanh,
vong.
- ong phan v tr
noi boi thay oi v
tr noi boi.
- ong phan loai
nhom chc. ong
phan co s thay oi
nhom chc.
- ong phan v tr
nhom chc. Thay
oi v tr nhom
chc cac NT C
khac nhau.

HS phan biet cac
loai ong phan
ong phan mach C,
ong phan v tr noi
boi, ong phan
nhom chc, ong
phan lap the.

2. ong phan
a/ Th du. Vi cung CTPT
C
2
H
6
O ta co
CH
3
-CH
2
OH
Ru etylic
CH
3
-O-CH
3
imetyl ete
Chung co tnh chat khac
nhau. Ta noi ru etylic va
imetyl ete la ong phan
cua nhau.
b/ Khai nie2:
Nhng hp chat khac
nhau nhng co cung
cong thc phan tP
c goi la cac chat
ong ang cuPa nhau.
+ Cac loai ong phan. (
Xem SGK tr 99).

HOAT ONG6
IV. LIEN KET HOA HOC VA CAU TRUC PHAN T CHAT
HU C.
111
Lien ket hoa hoc trong hp
chat hu c chu yeu la
loai lien ket nao?
GV thong bao Lien ket
cong hoa tr trong hp chat
hu c c chia 2 loai lien
ket n con goi lien ket
xich ma (9 ) va lien ket pi
( 6 )
Cach bieu dien va ac
iem cua moi loai lien ket
nh the nao?
GV Yeu cau HS nhac lai
khai niem lien ket 9 ac
iem cua lien ket 9 .
HS lien ket cong
hoa tr.

HS quan sat mo
hnh phan t
metan, xac nh
kieu lien ket trong
phan t metan, rut
ra khai niem ve
lien ket n.
1. Lien ket n.
- Tao bi cap e chung c
bieu dien bang gach noi
gia hai nguyen t.
- ac iem Lien ket 9 la
lien ket ben.
V du Phan t metan CH
4

cha 4 lien ket 9 .

Dang ac Dang
rong

khai niem lien ket pi ( 6 ),
ac iem cua lien ket pi
( 6 ).

GV hng dan HS tng t
nh tren e rut ra khai
niem lien ket ba.
HS van dung xac
nh kieu lien ket
trong phan t etilen,
t o rut ra khai
niem lien ket oi.

HS van dung xac
nh kieu lien ket
trong phan t
axetilen, t o rut
ra khai niem lien
ket ba.
2. Lien ket oi.
- Tao bi 2 cap e chung c
bieu dien bang hai gach
noi song song gia hai
nguyen t.
- ac iem Lien ket oi
gom lien ket 9 la lien ket
ben va mot lien ket 6
kem ben .
V du Phan t etilen C
2
H
4

cha 1 lien ket 9 va 1
lien ket 6 .

9
6

Dang ac Dang
rong
3. Lien ket ba.
- Tao bi 3 cap e chung c
bieu dien bang ba gach
noi song song gia hai
nguyen t.
- ac iem Lien ket ba
gom lien ket 9 la lien ket
ben va hai lien ket 6 kem
ben .
V du Phan t axetilen C
2
H
2

cha 1 lien ket 9 va 2
lien ket 6 .
0
6 2

Dang ac Dang
rong
HOAT ONG 7
4/ Cung co Lam bai tap SGK trang
5/ Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 trang 101 va 6, 7, 8 trang 102 SGK
112
Gi y cac bai tap:
1, 2, 3 Theo SGK.
4. A
5.
Chat ong phan cua nhau
a, d, e a, d, g b, d, e d, g i, h c, h
Chat ong ang cua nhau
a vi b e vi g c vi i
6.
- C
2
H
6
O co 2 ong phan
- C
3
H
6
O co 7 ong phan CH
3
CH
2
CHO; CH
2
= CH-CH
2
-OH; CH
2
=CH O- CH
3
;

OH
,
CH
3
- C - CH
3
O
,
O
CH
2
CH CH
3
va
H
2
C CH
2
CH
2
O

7. va; va V
8. ap so % khoi lng C
2
H
5
OH 43,4% va C
3
H
7
OH 56,6%

---------------------------------------------

BAI
23

PHAN NG HU C

16
2
oang Van oan
09 /12
/2007
20/12/2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

- $ biet Mot so loai phan ng hu c; ac iem cua phan ng hu
c.
- $ hieu: Ban chat cua phan ng the, cong, tach.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Giao an, phieu hoc tap.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Cong thc cau tao la g? co may loai cong thc cau tao ? cach
bieu dien cac loai
cong thc o nh the nao? chi v du minh hoa.
b/ Trnh bay noi dung cua thuyet cat tao hoa hoc. Chi v du minh hoa
tng noi
dung.
c/ The nao la hien tng ong ang, hien tng ong phan? Cho v
du minh hoa?
113
d/ The nao la lien ket n, lien ket oi va lien ket ba? cho v du
minh hoa tng loai
lien ket.
e/ Bai tap SGK trang 101 va 102.
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I. PHAN LOAI PHAN NG CHAT HU C
GV cho HS theo doi th du
SGK hoac a ra cac th du
khac tng t, hng dan
hoc sinh phan tch, da vao
o yeu cau HS rut ra ket
luan ung ve phan ng
the.
- Th du ve nguyen t Cl
thay the nguyen t H trong
phan t CH
4
. ( askt)
- Th du ve nguyen t H
trong phan t ru etylic
thay the nhom OH cua axit
axetic. (t
0
, xt)
- th du ve H cua phan t
HBr thay the nhom OH cua
ru etylic ( t
0
).
HS theo doi va t
rut ra ket luan
ung ve phan ng
the.
1. Phan ng the.
a/ Th du:
CH
4
+ Cl
2

askt
CH
3
Cl + HCl
.
b/ !haPn ng the la
phaPn ng trong o
nguyen tP hoac nho2
nguyen tP trong hp
chat hu c thay the
bPi nguyen tP hoac
nho2 nguyen tP khac.

khac tng t, hng dan
cac th du o yeu cau HS
rut ra ket luan ung ve
phan ng cong.

HS theo doi va t
rut ra ket luan
ung ve phan ng
cong.
2. Phan ng cong.
a/ Th du:
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2
C
2
H
2
+ HCl
2
HgCl
xt
C
2
H
3
Cl
.
b/ !haPn ng cong la
phaPn ng trong o
phan tP chat hu c
ket hp vi phan tP
khac tao thanh phan
tP chat hu c 2i.
khac tng t, hng dan
cac th du o yeu cau HS
rut ra ket luan ung ve
phan ng tach.
- Th du phan ng tach H
2

cua etan ( t
0
, xt).
- Phan ng e hirat hoa
cua ru etylic tao eten +
H
2
O ( > 170
0
C, xt).
GV gii thieu bo sung
3. Phan ng tach.
a/ Th du:1
- Phan ng e hiro hoa
cua etan.
CH
3
-CH
3
0
0
500 C
t
CH
2
= CH
2
+
H
2
- Phan ng crackinh ( be
gay mach C dai thanh
mach C ngan hn).
Th du:2
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3
t
0
CH
2
=CH
2
+ CH
4
.
114
Ngoai cac phan ng neu
tren trong phan ng hoa
hoc hu c con co cac
phan ng khac nh phan
ng phan huy, phan ng
ong phan hoa, phan
ng oxi hoa. se gap
trong cac bai hoc sau nay.
b/ !haPn ng tach la
phaPn ng trong o hai
hay nhieu nguyen tP b
tach ra khoPi phan tP
chat hu c.
HOAT ONG 2
II. AC IEM CUA PHAN NG HOA HOC
TRONG HOA HOC HU C.
GV lay th du ve mot so
phan ng trong hoa hoc
hu c e minh hoa.

GV Qua trnh len men ru
thng tao ra cac san
pham C
2
H
5
OH, CH
3
CHO,
CH
3
COOH.
HS rut ra cac ket
luan.

HS co the t lien
he them nhieu th
du
1. Cac phan ng trong
hoa hoc hu c thng
xay ra cham, do lien ket
trong phan t chat hu c
t phan cc nen kho b
phan cat.
- Th du Phan ng este
hoa
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH ( t
0
, xt)
xay ra trong vai gi.
2. San pham phan ng
hu c thng sinh ra hon
hp san pham.
Th du p/ CH
4
+ Cl
2

askt

CH
3
Cl. CH
2
Cl
2
, CHCl
3
+ HCl.
5/ Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4 Trang 105 SGK.
Hng dan bai tap SGK ( ap dung l thuyet a hoc).

BAI
24

&>N TA>!: HP CHAT HU C, CONG
THC PHAN T VA CONG THC CAU
TAO

17

oang Van oan

04/12/2007
24 /12 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
Cung co kien thc
- Hp chat hu c

- Phan ng cua hp chat hu c.
3. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang giai cac bai tap xac nh CTPT, viet CTCT cua mot
so chat hu c n gian, nhan dang mot vai loai phan ng cua cac
chat hu c n gian.

II/ CHUAN B.
* GV Giao bai tap lien quan en noi dung luyen tap cho HS chuan b trc
khi en lp. GV co the chuan b them mot so bang, cau hoi trac nghiem.
- Khai niem
- Phan loai
- ong ang, ong
phan
- Lien ket trong phan
115


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Hay neu cac khai niem ve phan ng the, phan ng cong va
phan ng the trong phan ng hoa hu c va lay th du minh hoa ve moi
loai.
b/ Phan ng hoa hoc hu c co nhng ac iem g? Phan ng
hoa hoc hu c co ac iem g khac so vi cac phan ng trong hoa hoc
vo c? cho th du minh hoa.
c/ Bai tap SGK trang 105.
/ oc bai 2i:

HOAT ONG CUA
GV
HOAT ONG CUA
H$
NOI DUNG
I. KIEN THC CAN NAM VNG.
HOAT ONG 1:

1. Khai niem hp chat hu c, thanh phan cac nguyen to trong phan t
hp chat hu c.
GV to chc cho HS
on tap ve khai
niem hp chat hu
c, thanh phan cac
nguyen to trong phan
t hp chat hu c (
thong qua he thong
cac bai tap).

cho HS on tap ve
khai niem hp
chat hu c, thanh
phan cac nguyen
to trong phan t
hp chat hu c
Bai tap 1: Hay viet mot so th
du minh hoa ve hp chat hu c,
hp chat vo c. T o rut ra
khai niem ve hp chat hu c.

GV yeu cau HS phan
tch cac v du va
nhac lai khai nien
ve hp chat hu c.
HS phan tch cac v
du va nhac lai
khai niem ve hp
chat hu c.
Th du - Chat vo c CO
2
, CO,
CaCO
3
, NaOH, NaCN, HBr.
- Chat hu c CH
4
, CH
3
OH, CH
3
-
NH
2
.
Bai tap 2: Hay viet mot so
cong thc tong quat bieu dien
chat hu c, t o trnh bay
thanh phan cac nguyen to trong
hp chat hu c.
Th du
C
x
H
y
, C
x
H
y
O
z
, C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
, C
x
H
y
O
z
N
t
.
HOAT ONG 2
2. Phan Ioai hp chat hu c theo thanh phan nguyen
to.
GV to chc cho HS
on tap ( thong qua
he thong bai tap
Bai tap 4 $GK
trang107.
Chat X co cong
thc phan t
C
6
H
10
O
4
. Cong thc
HS on tap ( thong
qua he thong bai
tap)

( Gom hirocacbon va dan xuat
hirocacbon)
Bai tap 3: Chia cac chat sau ay
thanh hai loai chnh va goi ten cho
moi loai
C
3
H
8
; C
5
H
12
; CH
2
O; C
4
H
6
, C
5
H
10
;
CH
3
COOH; C
2
H
5
OH; CH
3
Cl; C
6
H
12
O
6
;
~ Bai tap 4 $GK trang107.
116
nao sau ay la
cong thc n gian
nhat cua X?
A) C
3
H
5
O
2
B)
C
6
H
10
O
4
C) C
3
H
10
O
2
D)
C
12
H
20
O
8
HOAT ONG 3
3. Lien ket hoa hoc trong phan t hp chat hu c.
GV to chc cho HS
on tap ve lien ket
trong phan t hp
chat hu c.

HS on tap ve lien
ket trong phan t
hp chat hu c.

Bai tap 5: Co nhng lien ket nao
trong cac hp chat hu c sau ay?
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
CH
3
-CH = CH-CH
2
-CH
3
CH
3
-C C - CH
2
-CH
3
CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CCH
HOAT ONG 4
4. Cac Ioai cong thc bieu dien phan t hp chat hu c.
GV to chc cho HS
ong tap ve cac
loai cong thc bieu
dien phan t hp
chat hu c.
Bai tap 6.
Hay ke cac mui ten the hien
quan he gia cac n v kien thc
sau

GV hng dan HS
lam bai tap
( Bai 2 $GK tr 107)
T genol ( trong tinh
dau hng nhu) ieu
che c metylgenol
(M = 178 g/mol) la
chat dan du con
trung. Ket qua
phan tch nguyen to
cua metylgenol cho
thay %C = 74,16%;
%H = 7,86%, con lai
la oxi. Lap cong
thc n gian nhat,
cong thc phan t
metylgenol.

( Bai 3 trong $GK)
Viet cong thc
cau tao cua cac
chat co cong thc
phan t sau CH
2
Cl
2

HS lam bai
tap

HS lam bai
tap

Bai tap 7 ( Bai 2 SGK tr 107)
Hng dan cu the
Bc 1 Xac nh % cac nguyen to
%C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%
%O = 100% - (74,16+ 7,86) = 17,98%.
CTPT la C
x
H
y
O
z

Bc 2 Lap CTGN
x y z =
C H O
: :
12,0 1,0 1,0

=
74,1 7,8 17,98
: :
12,0 1,0 1,0

= 6,18 7,86 1,12 = 5,5 7 1
= 11 14 2
CTGN C
11
H
14
O
2
CTPT co dang ( C
11
H
14
O
2
)
n
Bc 3
178 n =178 n=1 vay CTPT la
C
11
H
14
O
2
~Bai tap 8 ( Bai 3 trong $GK)
117
( mot chat), C
2
H
4
O
2
(
ba chat), C
2
H
4
Cl
2
( hai
chat).
HOAT ONG 5
5. Cac Ioai phan ng hay gap trong hoa hoc hu c.
GV to chc cho HS
ong tap ve cac
loai phan ng hoa
hoc hay gap trong
hoa hu c.
GV at cau hoi
Trong hoa hoc hu
c thng gap
nhng loai phan
ng nao Hay neu
ac iem cua tng
loai phan ng o.
HS giai bai tap 7,
8 SGK tr 108)
Gi y
Ba Phan ng
The

Co
ng
Ta
ch
Oxi hoa
7 a b c, d
8 a,b
c/ khong hoan
toan
HOAT ONG 6
Cung co: Nhan manh + Can ren luyen k nang giai bai tap lap cong
thc phan t.
+ Cach viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac loai phan
ng.
Bai tap ve nha: Xem hoac lam lai cac bai tap trang 107 108 SGK.

ON TAP HOC KY I
17
4
oang Van oan

10/12/2007
26 /12 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc: Cung co kien thc tren c s he thong khai quat hoa cac
chng bai a hoc
1. S ien li 2. Nit photpho
3. Cacbon Silic 4. ai cng ve hoa hoc hu c.
4. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang giai cac bai tap (trac nghiem , t luan),
giai thch, viet PTHH.
II/ CHUAN B. * GV Giao bai tap lien quan en noi dung luyen tap cho HS
chuan b trc khi en lp. GV co the chuan b them mot so bang, cau hoi
trac nghiem.
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu: at cac cau hoi theo tng noi dung bai on tap.
A . HE THONG HOA LY THUYET
Chng 1 Chng 2 Chng 3 Chng 4
118
$ IEN LI NIT- PHOT PHO CACBON - $ILIC AI CNG HOA
HOC HU C
1. S ien li ( Hien
tng ien li,
phanloai)

2. Axit, baz, muoi.

3. S ien li cua
nc, pH, chat
ch th axit baz. (
S ien li cua
nc, tch so ion
cua nc, y
ngha, khai niem
pH.)

4. Phan ng trao
oi ion trong dung
dch cac chat
ien li. ( Cac ieu
kien)

1. Nit

2. Amoniac va
muoi amoni.

3. Axit nitric va
muoi nitrat.

4. Chu trnh nit trong
t nhien.

5. Phot pho

6. Axit phoyphoric
va muoi photphat.

7. Phan bon hoa
hoc.
1. Cac bon

2. Hp chat cua
cacbon ( CO, CO
2
,
H
2
CO
3
, CO
3

2-
)

3. Silic va hp
chat cua silic.

4. Cong nghiep
silicat.

1. M au ve
HHHC (Khai niem,
phan loai, ac
iem, s lc ve
phan tch.)

2. Cong thc
phan t hp chat
hu c.

3. Cau truc phan
t hp chat hu
c ( thuyet CT, ,
p, lien ket HH)

4. Phan nghu
c [ Phan loai
(the, cong , tach),
ac iem phan
ng (2)].

ON TAP HOC KY I
18
5
oang Van oan

10/12/2007
28 /12 /2007 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc: Cung co kien thc tren c s he thong khai quat hoa cac
chng bai a hoc
1. S ien li 2. Nit photpho
3. Cacbon Silic 4. ai cng ve hoa hoc hu c.
5. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang giai cac bai tap (trac nghiem , t luan),
giai thch, viet PTHH.
II/ CHUAN B. * GV Giao bai tap lien quan en noi dung luyen tap cho HS
chuan b trc khi en lp. GV co the chuan b them mot so bang, cau hoi
trac nghiem.
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu: at cac cau hoi theo tng noi dung bai on tap.
B. CAU HOI VA BAI TAP:

CHNG 1: $ IEN LY
119
CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN VA
T LUAN.
1). Mot dung dch co pH = 8,5. Hoi khi nhung qu tm vao dung dch th qu tm chuyen
mau g
A). o B). Xanh C). Hong D). Tm
2). Hoa tan 20ml dd HCl 0,05M vao 20ml dd H
2
SO
4
0,075M thu c 40 ml dd X. pH cua dd X
la?
A). 2 B). 3 C). 1,5 D). 1
3) Mot dung dch co [H
+
]= 1,0 .10
3,5
. Nho vai giot phenophtalein vao dung dch th dung dch
co mau g ?
A). Hong B). Khong mau C). Xanh D). Vang
4). Chat nao hoac ion nao sau ay thuoc loai baz theo A re ni -ut ?
A). Cu(OH)
2
, NaHSO
4
B). Fe(OH)
3
, NH
4
+
, MgCl
2
C). K , NO
3
-
D).
Ba(OH)
2

5). on OH
-
co the phan ng vi cac ion nao sau ay?
A). K
+
; Al
3+
; SO
4
2-
B). Cu
2+
; HSO
3
-
; NO
3
-
C). Na
+
; Cl
-
; HSO
4
-
D). H
+
; NH
4
+
;
HCO
3
-

6). on CO
3
2-
khong phan ng c vi cac ion nao sau ay?
A). NH
4
+
; Na
+
; NO
3
-
B). K
+
; HSO
3
-
; Ba
2+
C). HSO
4
-
; NH
4
+
;
Na
+
D). Ca
2+
; K
+
; Cl
-

7) Chat nao sau ay thuoc loai axit theo Bronsted ?
A). H
2
SO
4
, Na
+
, CH
3
COO
-
B). HCl, NH
4
+
, HSO
4
-

C). H
2
S , H
3
O
+
, HPO
3
2-
D). HNO
3
, Mg
2+
, NH
3

8). Co 4 dd ng trong 4 lo mat nhan la (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
; NH
4
Cl ; Na
2
SO
4
; KOH. Chon thuoc
th nao e nhan
biet 4 dd o?
A). Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
B). Dung dch BaCl
2
C). Phenolftalein
D). Dung dch NaOH
9). Tron 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,15M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,2M thu c
500 ml dung
dch Z. pH cua dd Z la bao nhieu?
A. 13,87 B. 11,28 C. 13,25 D. 13,48
10). Tron 200 ml dung dch cha HCl 0,01M va H
2
SO
4
0,025M vi 300 ml dung dch
cha NaOH
0,015M va Ba(OH)
2
0,02M thu c 500 ml dd Y. pH cua dd Y la bao nhieu ?
A. 5,22 B. 12 C. 11,2 D. 13,2
11). Tron 200 ml dung dch cha HCl 0,01M va H
2
SO
4
0,025M vi 300 ml dung dch
cha NaOH
0,015M va Ba(OH)
2
0,02M thu c m gam ket tua. Tnh m?
A. 0,932 g B. 1,398 g C. 1,165 g D. 1,7475 g
12). Muoi nao sau ay la muoi axit?
A. NH
4
NO
3
B. Na
2
HPO
3
C. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
D. KCH
3
COO
13). Chat nao sau ay thuoc loai lng tnh axit - baz?
A. ZnO, SO
3
2-
, CO
2
B. Al
2
O
3
, CuO, CO
3
2-
C. Zn(OH)
2
, HS
-
, HSO
4
-
D. Al(OH)
3
,
H
2
O, HCO
3
-

14). Mot dung dch co pH = 9.0 Tnh nong o mol cua cac ion H
+
va ion OH
-
trong dung
dch. Hay cho biet mau cua thuoc th phenolphtalein trong dung dch nay?
15). Cap dung dch nao sau ay khong xay ra phan ng?
A. KOH + NaCl B. Ca(OH)
2
+ HCl
C. NaOH + Zn(OH)
2
D. Ba(OH)
2
+ CuSO
4
16). Trong dung dch KOH 0,010M, tch so ion cua nc la
120
A. [H
+
][OH
+
]< 1,0 .10
-7
B. [H
+
][OH
+
>1,0 .10
-7

C. [H
+
][OH
+
] =1,0 .10
-7
D. khong xac nh c
17). Mot dung dch chuyen qu tm hoa o, th khang nao sau ay ung ?
A. pH < 7 va [H
+
] < [OH
-
] B. pH> 7 va [H
+
] > [OH
-
]
C. pH < 7 va [H
+
]>[OH
-
]

D.pH = 7 va [H
+
]=[OH
-
]

18) Mot dung dch lam qu tm hoa xanh, dung dch o co
A. [H
+
] < [OH
-
] B. [H
+
] = [OH
-
]
C. [H
+
] > [OH
-
]

D. khong xac nh c

------------------------------------------------------
CHNG 2: NIT-PHOTPHO
CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN VA T LUAN.

1). Nung hoan toan 180 g sat() nitrat th thu c bao nhieu lt kh ieu kien tieu
chuan?
A). 67,2 B). 44,8 C). 56 D). 50,4
3). Cho cac chat kh va hi sau CO
2
, NO
2
, NO, H
2
O, CO, NH
3
, HCl, CH
4
, H
2
S. Kh nao co
the b hap thu bi dung dch NaOH ac?
A). CO
2
, SO
2
, O
2
, H
2
O, HCl, H
2
S B). CO
2
, SO
2
, CO, H
2
S, H
2
O, NO
C). CO
2
, SO
2
, CH
4
, HCl, NH
3
, NO D). CO
2
, SO
2
, NH
3
, CH
4
, H
2
S , NO
2

4). San pham khi nhiet phan en hoan toan hon hp gom Ba(NO
3
)
2
va Cu(NO
3
)
2
la
g?
A). Mot muoi, mot oxit va 2 chat khJ B). Hai oxit va hai chat kh
C). Mot muoi, mot kim loai va 2 chat kh D). Mot oxit, mot kim loai va mot chat
kh
5). Cho 19,2 g kim loai M tan hoan toan trong dung dch HNO
3
th thu c 4,48 lit NO( ktc).
Vay M la
A). Mg B). Cu C). Zn D). Fe
6). Can bang N
2
+ 3H
2

2NH
3
se dch chuyen theo chieu thuan neu chu cac tac
ong nao sau?
A). Giam ap suat, giam nhiet o B). %ang ap suat, giam nhiet o
C). Tang ap suat, tang nhiet o D). Giam ap suat, tang nhiet o
7). Bnh kn cha 0,5 mol H
2
va 0,5 mol N
2
. Khi phan ng at can bang trong bnh co 0,02
mol NH
3
c tao thanh. Hieu suat cua phan ng tong hp amoniac la A). 4% B).
2% C). 6% D). 5%
8). Hay so sanh the tch kh o cung ieu kien sinh ra khi cho 1 mol cac chat sau tac dung vi
HNO
3
ac nong, d
a. FeS
2
b. FeCO
3
c.Fe
3
O
4
d. Fe(OH)
2

A). a > c > b > d B). a > b = c = d C). b = a > c > d D). a > b > c = d
9). Chia hon hp Cu, Al lam hai phan bang nhau. Phan 1 cho dung dch HNO
3
ac nguoi
th co 8,96 lt kh mau nau bay ra. Phan 2 cho tac dung vi dung dch HCl th co 6,72 lt kh
khong mau bay ra ( cac kh eu c o ktc). Phan tram cua Cu trong hon hp la
A. 30% B. 50% C. 75% D. So khac
10). San pham khi nhiet phan en hoan toan hon hp gom Al(NO
3
)
3
va AgNO
3
la g?
A). Mot oxit, mot kim loai va 2 chat khJ B). Hai oxit va 2 chat kh
C). Mot oxit, mot kim loai va mot chat kh D). Mot oxit, mot
muoi va 2 chat kh
11). Cho m gam Al tan hoan toan trong dd HNO
3
thay tao ra 44,8 lit hon hp 3 kh NO, N
2
O,
N
2
co t le mol lan lt la 122. Gia tr m la?
A). 75,6 g B). Ket qua khac C). 284,4 g D). 155,8 g
12). Hay cho biet hoa tr va so o xi hoa cua N trong NH
4
NO
3
la bao nhieu?
A. Hoa tr 3 va 5, so o xi hoa -3 va +5 B. Hoa tr 4, so
o xi hoa -3 va +5
C. Hoa tr 5, so o xi hoa -3 va +5 D. Hoa tr 4, so o xi hoa +1
121
13). Co 4 lo cha 4 dung dch rieng biet sau 1. NH
3
2. FeSO
4
3. BaCl
2
4. HNO
3

. Cac cap dung dch nao co the phan ng vi nhau?
A. 1 va 4; 2 va 3; 2 va 4; 1 va 2 B. 1 va 3; 2 va 3; 3 va 4; 1 va 2
C. 1 va 4; 2 va 3; 3 va 4; 1 va 2 D. 1 va 3; 1 va 4; 2 va 4; 1 va 2
14). Phan ng nao sau ay dung e ieu che amoniac trong phong th nghiem?
A. N
2
+ 3H
2

2 NH
3
B. 4Zn + NO
3
-
+7 OH
-
4ZnO
2
2-
+ NH
3
+
2H
2
O
C. H
4
+
+ OH
-

0
t
H
3
+ H
2
O D. NH
4
Cl
0
t
NH
3
+ HCl
15). Muoi B co cac ac iem sau
- B b nhiet phan th tao ra mot chat kh duy nhat.
- Hoa tan B vao nc roi cho vao dung dich o mot t axit clohidric va vai
vun ong th thay co kh mau nau bay ra ong thi dung dch t khong mau
chuyen thanh mau xanh.
Vay B la? A. CaCO
3
B. Cu(NO
3
)
2
C. Al(NO
3
)
3
D.
aO
3

16). Chat nao sau ay phan ng c vi dung dch amoniac?
A. HCl, P
2
O
5
, AlCl
3
, CuSO
4
B. NaCl, N
2
O
5
, H
2
SO
4
, HNO
3

C. Ba(NO
3
)
2
, SO
3
, ZnSO
4
, H
3
PO
4
D. FeSO
4
, CuO, KCl, H
2
S
17). Muoi A co cac ac iem sau
- A tan tot trong nc thu c dung dch A lam qu tm chuyen mau hong
- A phan ng vi NaOH, un nong tao ra mot chat kh co mui ac trng.
Vay A la? A. H
4
O
3
B. NaNO
3
C. (NH
4
)
2
CO
3

D. KHSO
4

18). Axit nitric ac co the phan ng c vi cac chat nao sau ay ieu
kien thng?
A. Fe, MgO, CaSO
3
, NaOH B. Al, K
2
O, (NH
4
)
2
S , Zn(OH)
2

C. Ca, SiO
2
, NaHCO
3
, Al(OH)
3
D. Cu, Fe
2
O
3
, a
2
CO
3
, Fe(OH)
2

19). Ong nghiem 1 ng hon hp dung dch KNO
3
va H
2
SO
4
loang, ong nghiem 2
ng dd H
2
SO
4
loang va mot mau ong kim loai. Sau o ngi ta o ong 1 vao
ong 2 thu c ong 3. Hoi hien tng g xay ra?
A. Ca ba ong eu khong co hien tng g
B. Ong 1 khong co hien tng g, Ong 2 dung dch xuat hien mau xanh va
co kh khong mau
bay len,Ong 3 cohien tng giong ong 2
C. Ong 1 khong co hien tng g, Ong 2 khong co hien tng g, Ong 3
co kh nau bay len va
dung dch chuyen mau xanh.
D. Ong 1 co hien tng boc khoi do tao ra HNO
3
, Ong 2 khong co hien
tng g, Ong 3 cokh
nau bay len va dung dch chuyen mau xanh
20). Chat nao sau ay khong phan ng c vi HNO
3
? A. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
B. S
C. FeCl
2
D. C

21). Chat long nao sau ay co the hap thu hoan toan kh NO
2
( ieu kien
thng) ?
A. dung dch NaNO
3
B. aOH C. H
2
O D. dung
dch HNO
3

22). Qua trnh nao sau ay la tot nhat e san xuat axit nitric trong cong nghiep ?
A. N
2
NH
3
NO NO
2
HNO
3
B. N
2
O
5
HNO
3

C. KNO
3
HNO
3
D. N
2
NO NO
2
HNO
3

122
23. Suc kh NH
3
t t en d vao dung dch nao sau ay th thay hien tng co
ket tua xuat hien,
sau o ket tua tan het va thu c dung dch trong suot khong mau?
A. Fe(NO
3
)
3
B. ZnCl
2
C. AlCl
3
D. CuSO
4

24).
Cho cac phan ng
a) NH
3
+ HCl NH
4
Cl b) 4NH
3
+ 3O
2
2N
2
+
6H
2
O
c) 3NH
3
+ 3H
2
O + AlBr
3
Al(OH)
3
+ 3NH
4
Br d) NH
3
+ H
2
O
NH
4
+
+
OH
-

Em hay cho biet nhan xet nao sau ay la ung?
A.
NH
3
la baz trong phan ng a, c, d va la chat kh trong phan ng b

B.
NH
3
la baz trong phan ng a, c, d va la chat oxi hoa trong phan ng b

C.
NH
3
la baz trong phan ng a, d va la chat kh trong phan ng b, c

D.
NH
3
la axit trong phan ng a, c, d va la chat kh trong phan ng b
25). Chat nao sau ay ben nhiet va khong b nhiet phan?
A. NaHCO
3
; Cu(OH)
2
B. a
2
CO
3
; CaO C. NH
4
NO
2
; NaCl D. NaNO
3
; Ag
2
O
26). Cho m gam hon hp kim loai gom Al, Zn, Mg tan trong V(lit) dung dch HNO
3
0,01 M
th va u ong thi giai phong 2,688 lit( ktc) hon hp kh gom NO va N
2
co t khoi
so vi hidro la 44,5/3. Tnh V?
A. 6,4 lit B. 0,64 lit C. 0,064 lit D. 64 lit
27). Cho cac p/ sau
a) 4NH
3
+ Cu
2+
(Cu(NH
3
)
4
)
2+
b) 2NH
3
+ 3CuO N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
c) NH
3
+ H
2
ONH
4
+
+ OH
-
d) 2NH
3
+ FeCl
2
+ 2 H
2
O 2NH
4
Cl +
Fe(OH)
2

NH
3
the hien tnh baz trong p/ nao?
A. P/ a va c. B. P/ a, c, d C. P/ c va d. D. P/ a va d.
28). Muoi nao cho sau co the thang hoa hoa hoc nhiet o thch hp ?
A. H
4
HCO
3
B. AgNO
3
C. NaNO
3
D. Ca(HCO
3
)
2

29). Trong phan t HNO
3
co bao nhieu nguyen to co the lam cho HNO
3
the hien
tnh oxi hoa?
A. Chang co nguyen to nao B. 1 C. 3 D. 2
30). Trong cac phan t nao sau ay nit co hoa tr bang tr tuyet oi cua so
oxi hoa ?
A. N
2
B. HNO
3
C. NH
4
Cl D. H
3

31). Phng phap nao sau ay dung e ieu che N
2
A. hiet phan muoi amoni nitrit B. Phan huy amoniac bang tia la
ien
C. Cho Zn tac dung vi HNO
3
rat loang D. ot chay NH
3
trong oxi roi lam
ngng tu nc
32). Cho cac p/ sau
a) 4NH
3
+ Cu
2+
(Cu(NH
3
)
4
)
2+
b) 2NH
3
+ 3CuO N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O
c) NH
3
+ H
2
O
NH
4
+
+ OH
-
d) 2NH
3
+ FeCl
2
+ 2 H
2
O 2NH
4
Cl +
Fe(OH)
2

NH
3
the hien tnh kh trong p/ nao?
A. P/ c. B. P/ b. C. P/ a. D. P/ d.
123
33). Dung dch X cha sat() clorua va axit clohidric. Them vao X mot it kali nitrat
thay giai phong ra 100 ml(ktc) mot chat kh khong mau b hoa nau trong khong
kh. Tnh khoi lng muoi sat a tham gia p/?
A. 1,270 gam B. 0,75 gam C. 1,805 gam D. 1,701 gam
A. P/ a. B. P/ d. C. P/ b D. P/ c.
35). Phan ng nao sau ay minh hoa cho tnh kh cua NH
3
?
A. 4NH
3
+ CuCl
2
(Cu(NH
3
)
4
)Cl
2
B. NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH
-

C. NH
3
+ H
2
SO
4
NH
4
HSO
4
D. 2NH
3
+ 9Fe
2
O
3
N
2
+ 6Fe
3
O
4
+ 3H
2
O
36). Axit nitric ac nguoi co the phan ng c vi cac chat nao sau ay?
A. P, Fe, Al
2
O
3
, K
2
S, Ba(OH)
2
B. S, Al, CuO, NaHCO
3
, NaOH
C. C, Ag, Fe
3
O
4
, NaNO
3
, Cu(OH)
2
D. C, Mg, FeO, Fe(O
3
)
2
, Al(OH)
3

37). Cac dung dch nao sau ay co the co hien tng boc khoi khi m nap lo ?
A. Dung dch HCl loang, HNO
3
loang B. Dung dch HCl ac, HO
3
ac
C. Dung dch HCl ac, H
3
PO
4
ac D. Dung dch HBr ac, H
2
SO
4
ac
38). Dung dch HNO
3
loang phan ng vi cac chat nao sau ay th khong tao ra
kh NO?
A. Fe
2
O
3
, aOH, CaCO
3
B. Fe
3
O
4
, Mg(OH)
2
, NaHSO
3

C. CuO, Fe(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONa D. Na
2
O, Cu(OH)
2
, FeCl
2

39). Dung dch NH
3
co the phan ng vi cac chat nao cho sau?
A. P
2
O
5
, FeO , dd BaCl
2
, CaO B. CO
2
, CuO, dd FeCl
2
, Cl
2

C. HCl, CO, dd CuCl
2
, O
2
D. HNO
3
, Na
2
O, dd AgNO
3
, SO
2

40). Cho Al vao dung dch HNO
3
loang, Al tan het nhng khong co kh sinh ra. T le mol cua
Al va HNO
3
la
A. 12 B. 1 1 C. 4 15 D. T le khac
41). C th phn bit mui amoni v cc mui khc bng cch cho n tc dng vi kim mnh.
Hin tung no sau y l ng?
A. Thot ra mt cht kh mu nu .
B. Thot ra mt cht kh khng mu, mi kh chu rt sc.
C. Mui amoni s chuyn thnh mu .
D. Thot ra mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi.
42). Vic sn xut amoniac trong cng nghip da trn phn ng thun nghch sau y
N
2(kh)
+ 3H
2(kh)
2NH
3(kh)
; H = -92 KJ. Khi hn hp phn ng ang trng thi cn
bng, nhng thay i no dui y s lm thun li cho qu trnh sn xut ?
A. Ly amoniac ra khi h. B. Cho cht xc tc v gim nhit

C. Tng p sut. D. Tt c cc bin php nu.
43). Hoa tan 1,86g hp kim cua Mg va Al trong dd HNO
3
loang d thu c 560 ml kh
N
2
O ( ktc). Dung dch thu c khi un vi NaOH d khong co kh bay ra. Xac nh %
khoi lng cua Mg va Al trong hp kim?
A. 56,45% va 43,55% B. 77,42% va 22,58% C. 25,8% va
74,2% D. 12,9% va 87,1 %
44). Trong gi thc hnh ho hc , mt nhm hc sinh thc hnh phn ng ca kim loi ng
vi axit nitric c v axit nitric long, cc kh sinh ra khi lm th nghim ny lm nhim
mi trung.Hy chn bin php x l tt nht trong cc bin php sau chng nhim
mi trung khng kh ?
A. Nt ng nghim bng bng c tm nuc.
B. Nt ng nghim bng nt bng c tm nuc vi.
C. Nt ng nghim bng bng c tm gim n.
D. Nt ng nghim bng bng.
Tai sao Zn(OH)
2
tan trong dd NH
3
nhng Al(OH)
3
th khong?
124
A. Do tat ca cac nguyen nhan a neu. B. Do Zn
2+
tao phc vi NH
3

con Al
3+
th khong. C. Do tnh axit cua HAlO
2
qua yeu hn H
2
ZnO
2
D. Do
Zn(OH)
2
kem ben hn nen de tan.
46). Hoa tr cao nhat cua nit trong cac chat la bao nhieu? A. 4 B. 3 C.
5 D. 6

47). Trong PTN phai dung bao nhieu gam natri nitrat cha 10% tap chat e ieu
che 300g dd axit nitric 6,3% ? Coi hieu suat cua qua trnh /c 100% . A. 27,62 g B.
28,33 g C. 22,95 g D. 29,54 g
48). Trong phng th nghim, iu ch amoniac t amoniclorua rn v natri hiroxit
rn ngui ta thu kh bng phung php no sau y?
A. Thu qua khng kh bng cch quay ng nghim thu kh ln.
B. Thu qua khng kh bng cch p ng nghim thu kh xung.
C. Sc qua dung dch axit sunfuric c.
D. Thu qua nuc.
49). Trong cong nghiep phai dung bao nhieu lit (ktc) kh amoniac e ieu che 5 kg
dd axit nitric 25,2 % ? Coi hieu suat cua qua trnh /c 100%. A. 448 lit B. 672 lit
C. 560 lit D. 336 lit
50). Xac nh muoi nao c tao ra khi 31 g Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
tac dung vi 49g dd H
2
SO
4

32% ?
A. CaHPO
4
va Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
va CaSO
4
B. Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
va CaSO
4

C. CaHPO
4
va Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
va CaSO
4
D. Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
va Ca(H
2
PO
4
)
2
va CaSO
4

52). Photpho tac dung vi canxi san pham thu c la A. Ca
3
P
2
B. Ca
2
P
3
C.
CaP
2
D. CaP
53). Cho ba dung dch mat nhan ng axit clohidric, axit nitric, axit photphoric. Co the
dung hoa chat nao sau ay lam thuoc th nhan biet?
A. AgNO
3
B. Zn C. Fe(OH)
2
D. Tat ca cac chat
a neu.
54). Tong he so cua cac chat trong phan ng ieu che photpho t quang photphorit,
cat va than coc trong lo ien la A. 12 B. 17 C. 19
D. 22
55). Cho 80 lit (ktc) khong kh co lan 16,8% ( ve the tch) nit dioxit i qua 500 ml dd
NaOH 1,6 M. Co can dd thu c bao nhieu g ba ran ? . A. 59 g B. 54,2 g C.
59,6 g D. 46,2 g
56). Khi nhiet phan muoi A thu c 21,6 g kim loai va 6,72 lit (ktc) hon hp cua hai
kh. Xac nh cong thc muoi? A. Hg(NO
3
)
2
B. AgNO
3
C. Pb(NO
3
)
2
D.
Au(NO
3
)
3

57). Khi nung 54,2 g hon hp muoi nitrat cua kali va natri thu c 6,72 lit kh (ktc).
Xac nh thanh phan % khoi lng cua hon hp muoi?
A. 52,73% NaNO
3
va 47,27% KNO
3
B. 72,73% NaNO
3
va 27,27% KNO
3

C. 62,73% NaNO
3
va 37,27% KNO
3
D. 62,73% KNO
3
va 37,27% NaNO
3

58). Trong phong th nghiem khi sap xep lai hoa chat, mot ban vo y lam mat
nhan mot lo cha dung dch khong mau. Ban o cho rang co the o la dung
dch amoni sunfat. Hay chon mot thuoc th sau ay e kiem tra xem lo o co
phai la lo cha amoni sunfat hay khong ?
A) Ba(OH)
2
B) NaOH C) BaCl
2
D) Qu tm
59). Ngi ta phai bao quan P trang bang cach e trong mot lo cha nc. Co
the thay the nc bang chat nao sau ay?
A. dau hoa B. Khong co chat nao thch hp. C. axit nitric D.
benzen
60). Dung dch NH
3
co phan ng vi nhng chat nao sau ay?
1. H
3
PO
4
2. CuCl
2
3. Fe(NO
3
)
3
4. Fe
3
O
4
5. H
2
O 6. Ba(OH)
2

125
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 B. 1, 2, 3, 6 C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 D. 1,2,3,4,5
---------------------------------------------

CHNG 3: CACBON -SILC

1). Tai sao phan t CO lai kha ben nhiet ?
A. Do phan t co lien ket ba ben vng B. Do CO
la oxit khong tao muoi
C. Do M
CO
= M
N2
= 28, CO giong nit rat ben nhiet. D. Do phan t CO
khong phan cc.
2) . Hp chat vi hiro cua cacbon va silic CH
4
( metan) , SiH
4
(silan) co trang thai
vat ly (ran, long, kh) nao ieu kien thng?
A. CH
4
kh ; SiH
4
kh B. CH
4
kh ; SiH
4
ran
C. CH
4
long ; SiH
4
ran D. CH
4
kh ; SiH
4
long
3). V sao hau het cac hp chat cua cacbon eu la hp chat cong hoa tr?
A. Do o am ien cua C khong u mc chenh lech e xuat hien lien
ket ion
B. Do tat ca cac nguyen nhan a neu
C. Do khong thuan li cho viec hnh thanh ion C
4-
hoac C
4+

D. Do cau hnh e cua C rat de tao lai hoa sp, sp
2
, sp
3
nen viec xen phu
obitan thuan li.
4). Thanh phan chnh cua ximang Pooclan la g?
A. CaO , MgO, SiO
2
, Al
2
O
3
vaFe
2
O
3
B. Ca(OH)
2
va SiO
2

C. CaSiO
3
va Na
2
SiO
3
D. Al
2
O
2
.2SiO
2
.Na
2
O.6H
2
O
5). Cac tinh the nao sau ay thuoc loai tinh the nguyen t?kim cng, bang phien, iod,
silic, nc a.
A. tinh the bang phien va iod B. tinh the kim cng, silic, iod
C. tinh the nc a D. tinh the kim
cng va silic
6). Cho 14,9 g hon hp Si, Zn, Fe tac dung vi lng d dd NaOH thu c 6,72 lt (
ktc) kh. Cung lng hon hp o khi tac dung vi lng d dd HCl sinh ra 4,48 lt kh
(ktc). Cho biet khoi lng cua moi kim loai trong hon hp?
A. 2,8 g Si ; 6,5 g Zn ; 5,6 g Fe B. 8,4 g Si ; 0,9 g Zn ; 5,6 g Fe
C. 5,6 g Si ; 6,5 g Zn ; 2,8 g Fe D. 1,4 g Si ; 6,5 g Zn ; 7,0 g Fe
7). Thuy tinh long la g?
A. Dung dch ac cua Na
2
SiO
3
hoac K
2
SiO
3
B. Thuy tinh
trang thai nong chay
C. Dung dch ac cua CaSiO
3
D. Dung dch phc tetraflorua silic
8). Ten goi thng cua Na
2
CO
3
, CaCO
3
, NaHCO
3
, K
2
CO
3
lan lut la ?
A. Xo a, voi song, thuoc muoi, bo tat B. Thuoc muoi,
a voi, xo a, bo tat
C. Bo tat, a voi, thuoc muoi, xo a D. Xo a, a voi,
thuoc muoi, bo tat
9). Nc a kho la g?. A. CO
2
B. CO ran C. nc a -10
0
C
D. CO
2
ran
10). Hon hp hai kh CO va CO
2
co t khoi so vi hidro la 16. Hoi khi cho 1 lit(dktc)
hon hp o i qua 56 g dung dch KOH 1% th thu c muoi g vi khoi lng bang
bao nhieu?
126
A. K
2
CO
3
1,38 g B. KHCO
3
0,5 g va K
2
CO
3
0,69 g C. KHCO
3
1 g D. K
2
CO
3

0,69 g
11). e tao cac net khac tren thuy tinh ngui ta dung hon hp bot canxi florua
tron vi axit sunfuric ac . Giai thch tac dung cua hon hp nay tren thuy tinh?
A. Do axit sunfuric co kha nang hoa tan silic dioxit la thanh phan chnh cua
thuy tinh.
B. Do canxi florua tac dung vi axit sunfuric tao ra axit flohidric co kha nang
hoa tan muoi
natri cacbonat la thanh phan chnh cua thuy tinh.
C. Do canxi florua co kha nang hoa tan silic dioxit la thanh phan chnh cua
thuy tinh.
D. Do canxi florua tac dung vi axit sunfuric tao ra axit flohidric co kha nang
hoa tan silic
dioxit la thanh phan chnh cua thuy tinh.

12). Dch v d dy thung c pH trong khong 1,5. Nu ngui no c pH ca dch v qu
nh hn 1,5 th d b vim lot d dy. cha bnh ny, ngui bnh c th ung truc
ba n cht no sau y?
A. Nuc ung. B. Dung dch natri hiroxit.
C. Nuc. D. Dung dch natri hirocacbonat
13). Silic dioxit thuoc loai oxit g?
A. oxit baz B. oxit lng tnh C. oxit khong tao muoi D. oxit axit
14). Nung 24 g Mg vi 12 g SiO
2
cho en khi p/ hoan toan. Hoi thu c chat g vi so
mol bang bao nhieu?
A. Mg
2
Si 0,2 mol ; MgO 0,4 mol ; Mg 0,2 mol
B. MgSiO
3
0,1 mol ; MgO 0,1mol ; Si 0,1 mol ; Mg 0,8 mol
C. MgO 0,4 mol ; Mg 0,6 mol ; Si 0,2 mol
D. MgO 0,4 mol ; MgSi 0,2 mol ; Mg 0,4 mol
15). Cho can bang CaCO
3
(r)
CO
2
(k) + CaO(r).
A
H
p
> 0. Hay cho biet cac tac
ong sau ay co anh hng the nao en K
C
cua p/?
a. Lay bt CO
2
ra khoi hon hp b. Tang nhiet o c. Tang
them lng CaCO
3

A. (a) va (c) khong lam thay oi K
C
con (b) lam tang K
C
.
B. (a) va (b) lam tang K
C
, (c) khong lam thay oi K
C
.
C. Ca (a), (b), (c) eu lam tang K
C
.
D. (a) lam giam K
C
, (b) lam tang K
C
, (c) khong lam thay oi K
C
.
16). Thuoc th nao sau ay co the dung e phan biet Na
2
CO
3
va Na
2
SO
3
?
A. dung dch thuoc tm B. tat ca cac thuoc th a neu C. nc brom
D. dung dch HCl
-----------------------------------------------
CHNG 4: AI CNG VE HOA HOC HU C
1). Mot hirocacbon X the kh co cha 14,3% hiro theo khoi lng. Cong thc
hirocacbon nao sau ay phu hp vi X ? 1. CH
4
2. C
2
H
4

3. C
3
H
6

A. Ch co cong thc 1. B. Cong thc 1 va 2. C. Cong thc 3. D.
Cong thc 2 va 3.
2). ot chay hoan toan 4,3 g chat hu c A thu c 67,2 lit CO
2
va 0,35 mol H
2
O. Khi ot
chay hoan toan 1 mol chat A can 212,8 lit oxi. Xac nh c.t.p.t A biet the tch cac kh o
ieu kien chuan.
127
3). Khi ot chay hoan toan mot the tch hidrocacbon A can 6 the tch oxi, sinh ra 4
the tch CO
2
. A lam mat mau nc brom va co ong phan hnh hoc. Cho biet
ten cua A?
4). ot chay hoan toan a g chat hu c Y can 0,336 lit Oxi ( ktc), tao ra 0,44 g CO
2
va
0,27 g H
2
O. Xac nh a? A. 1,15 g B. 2,3 g C. 0,23 g D.
0,115 g
5). ot chay hoan toan 2 g mot hp chat hu c X thu c 2,75 g CO
2
va 2,25 g
H
2
O. Cong thc cua X la? A. C
2
H
8
O
2
B. (CH
4
O)
n
C. CH
4
O D.
C
2
H
4
O
2

6). ot chay hoan toan a g chat hu c Y can 0,336 lit Oxi ( ktc), tao ra 0,44 g CO
2

va 0,27 g H
2
O. Y cha cac nguyen to nao?
A. C, H va co the co O B. C, H va N C. C, H va O D. C va H
7). a) Hay viet cac cong thc co the co cua cac ong ang cua metan co
cong thc phan t C
4
H
10
( 2 chat), C
5
H
12
( 3 chat), C
6
H
14
( 5 chat), C
7
H
16
(9 chat).
b) Hay viet cac cong thc co the co cua cac ong ang cua ancol etylic
co cong thc phan t C
3
H
8
O va C
4
H
10
O.
8). Cho cac chat sau C
3
H
7
OH, C
4
H
9
-OH, CH
3
O- CH
5
, C
2
H
5
OC
2
H
5
. Nhng cap
chat nao co the la ong ang hoac ong phan cua nhau?.

------HET------

TIET 36
TUAN 18
KIEM TRA HOC K I
NAM HOC 2007 - 2008

128

BAI 25
CHNG 5: HIROCACBON NO
ANKAN

20
7(1/2)
oang Van oan
10 /
12/2007
16/ 01/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR131 -132)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- Cong thc chung cua day ong ang ankan, cong thc cau tao, goi ten
mot so ankan n
gian.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua ankan va phan ng ac trng cua hirocacbon no
la phan ng the.
- Tam quan trong cua hirocacbon no trong cong nghiep va trong i song.
$ hieu:
- V sao ankan kha tr ve mat hoa hoc, do o hieu c v sao phan ng
ac trng cua
ankan la phan ng the.
- V sao cac hirocacbon no lai c dung lam nhien lieu va nguyen lieu
cho cong nghiep hoa chat , t o thay c tam quan trong va ng dung cua
hrocacbon.
$ van dung:
- Lap day ong ang, viet cac ong phan.
- Viet va xac nh c cac pham chnh cua phan ng the. Goi c ten
cac ankan cung nh san pham tao ra trong cac san pham o.
II/ CHUAN B.
- GV Mo hnh phan t butan; bat la gas dung e bieu dien th nghiem
phan ng chay.
- HS On lai l thuyet ve ong ang, ong phan, loai phan ng va
cach viet.

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:

129
H$
NOI DUNG
I. ONG ANG, ONG PHAN, DANH PHAP
HOAT ONG 1:
GV neu he thong cac
cau hoi giup HS khac
sau KN ong ang.
- Neu biet chat ong
ang au tien cua day
ankan la CH
4
, em hay lap
cong thc cac chat ong
ang tiep theo.
HS tham khao
SGK va tra li
cau hoi cua GV.
HS van dung
khai niem ong
ang e xay
dng day ong
ang cua CH
4
(
hn, kem .CH
2
)

1. Day ong ang cua
ankan.
Metan (CH
4
) va cac chat
ong ang cua no lap
thanh day ong ang ankan
( hay parafin)

CH
4
, C
2
H
6
,C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
10
, .
- Cong thc tong quat
C
n
H
2n + 2
vi n 1 K .

GV - Vay CT chung cua
day ong ang ankan la
nh the nao?
- Ch so n co gia tr nh
the nao?
GV cho HS quan sat mo
hnh phan t buta. Giup HS
rut ra c cac nhan xet.
GV nhan manh them ve
cac goc
CCC, CCH, HCH vao
khoang 109,5
0
.

GV cho HS xem bang 5.1 SGK
trang 111 de biet cac
thong tin ten goi va goc
ankyl
HS ..

n 1 K

Nguyen t C tao
c 4 lien ket
n hng t
nguyen t C ra 4
nh cua mot t
dien eu. Cac
NT C khong cung
nam trong mot
ng thang (la
ng gap khuc,
tr C
2
H
6
).

CH
4

C
2
H
6

C
3
H
8
109,5
0
109,5
0
109,5
0

C
4
H
10
butan

C
4
H
10
zobutan

HOAT ONG 2
GV at cau hoi Vi ba
chat au day ong ang,
em hay viet CTCT cho cac
chat o. Cac chat nay
co mot hay nhieu CTCT
mach h?
GV tng t. GV yeu cau
HS viet CTCT cho cac chat
C
4
H
10
, C
5
H
12

GV hng dan HS phan
biet cac trat t sap xep
cau truc cua chat o (
lu y HS tranh viet cac
cau truc trung lap nhau,
chu y en trnh t viet
CTCT cac ong phan)
Y/C HS
Ba chat au day
ong ang cua
ankan, moi chat
duy nhat co mot
CTCT.

HS viet cac p
cau tao co the
co cua C
4
H
10
va
C
5
H
12.

2. ong phan.
Khi so nguyen t C cang
ln th so p mach C cang
nhieu ( Gom mot ankan
mach khong nhanh va cac
ankan mach co nhanh khac
nhau). Cu the t C
4
H
10
( 2p),
C
5
H
12
(3 p).
V du
C
4
H
10
co 2 p cau tao
CH
3
CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
3

CH
3
CH CH
3
CH
3
.
HOAT ONG 3
GV gii thieu bang 5.1
SGK trang 111.

HS rut ra nhan
xet ve ac iem
trong ten goi cua
3. Danh phap.
a- Ten goi cac ankan mach C
khong co nhanh.
130
ankan va goc
ankyl.
( bang 5.1 SGK trang 111)
b- Danh phap thong thng:
Co mot nhom CH
3
C
th 2 oc la iso. th du
CH
3
CH CH
3
CH
3
isobutan

co hai nhom CH
3
C th 2
oc la neo.th du
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
C
CH
3
neopentan

GV gii thieu HS qui tac
goi ten theo SGK au
trang 112.
GV cho th du ve mach C
co nhieu nhanh
CH
2
CH CH
3
CH
3
C
2
H
5
CH
3
C CH
3

CH
2
CH CH
3
CH
3
C
2
H
5
CH
3
C CH
3
1
2 3 4 5

3-etyl-2,3 imetylpentan

CHU Y
( theo th t van A, B, C, so tiep so
bang dau phay, so cach ch bang
gach - ch lien ch, co dung ch
i, tri va tetra cho 2 hoac nhanh
giong nhau).
HS oc ten oi
vi
CH
3
CH CH
3
CH
3

va
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
C
CH
3

c. Danh phap thay the.
- Ap dung cho ankan mach C co
nhanh.
Cac bc:
Bc 1 Chon mach C dai nhat,
nhieu nhanh nhat lam mach
chnh.
Bc 2 anh so nguyen t C
mach chnh bat au t pha,
nhanh gan nhat.
Bc 3 oc so v tr nhanh
ten nhanh ten ankan tng ng
cua mach chnh.
Th du: (~)
d- Bac C: Tnh bang so lien ket
cua C o vi C xung quanh
Th du
C
C C C C
C
C
C
1 3
1
2
1
4
1
1

HOAT ONG CUNG CO. GV khac sau kien thc cho HS nhng noi dung sau
+ Y/C hs nhac lai ve cong thc chung va ac iem cau tao cua ankan.
+ Cach xac nh ong phan ankan ( Ch co mach khong nhanh, mach
nhanh)
+ Cac ten goi cac ankan theo danh phap thong thng.
+ Cac bc tien hanh goi ten cac ankan co nhanh.
+ Bac cacbon la g?
Bai tap ve nha 1 va 2 SGK trang 115.
Goi y
1. The nao la hirocacbon no, ankan, xicloankan?
- Hirocacbon no lahirocacbon ma phan t ch co lien ket n ( co 2
loai)
- Ankan ( hay prafin) la nhng hirocacbon no khong co mach vong.
- Xicloankan la nhng hirocacbon no co mach vong.
2. Theo SGK. Goc phan t.
( Cu the - CH
3
CH
4
,
- C
3
H
7
C
3
H
8
,
131
- C
6
H
13
C
6
H
14

BAI 25

ANKAN
(tt)

20
8(2/2) oang Van
oan
14 / 12
/2008
18/ 01/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR131 -132)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- Cong thc chung cua day ong ang ankan, cong thc cau tao, goi ten
mot so ankan n
gian.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua ankan va phan ng ac trng cua hirocacbon no
la phan ng the.
- Tam quan trong cua hirocacbon no trong cong nghiep va trong i song.
$ hieu:
- V sao ankan kha tr ve mat hoa hoc, do o hieu c v sao phan ng
ac trng cua
ankan la phan ng the.
- V sao cac hirocacbon no lai c dung lam nhien lieu va nguyen lieu
cho cong nghiep hoa chat , t o thay c tam quan trong va ng dung cua
hrocacbon.
$ van dung:
- Lap day ong ang, viet cac ong phan.
- Viet va xac nh c cac pham chnh cua phan ng the. Goi c ten
cac ankan cung nh san pham tao ra trong cac san pham o.
II/ CHUAN B.
- GV Mo hnh phan t butan; bat la gas dung e bieu dien th nghiem
phan ng chay.
- HS On lai l thuyet ve ong ang, ong phan, loai phan ng va
cach viet.

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:

HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG NOI DUNG
132
CUA H$
HOAT ONG 4
II. TNH CHAT VAT L (SGK)
GV da vao SGK, GV yeu
cau HS thong ke cac
ac iem cua ankan

GV nhan manh lai tom
tat SGK.
HS thong ke
cac ac iem
cua ankan
Trang thai.T
nc
, T

soi
,
khoi lng rieng
Khi phan t
khoi tang.
- Trang thai
- T C
1
C
4
chat kh.
- T C
5
C
17
ch/long.
- T C
18
chat ran.
Khi phan t khoi tang, T
nc
, T
soi
,
khoi lng rieng cung tang theo.
Cac ankan eu nhe hn nc va
khong tan trong nc, tan nhieu
trong cac dung moi hu c.

HOAT ONG 5
GV yeu cau HS oc SGK
va a ra nhng nhan xet
chung ve ac iem cau
tao va tnh chat hoa hoc
cua ankan.
GV lu y cho HS phan ng
ac trng cuPa ankan la
phaPn ng the.
khai niem phan ng the
va neu qui tac the trong
phan t metan Thay the
lan lt tng nguyen tP
.
HS oc SGK va
a ra nhng
nhan xet chung
ve ac iem
cau tao va tnh
chat hoa hoc
cua ankan.
HS viet cac
phng trnh phan
ng the cua
metan.

1. Phan ng the bi
haIogen.
(HS viet)
CH
4
+ Cl
2

a s
CH
3
Cl + HCl

clometan (metyl clorua)
CH
3
Cl

+

Cl
2
a s
CH
2
Cl
2
+ HCl
iclo metan (mrtylen clrrua)
CH
2
Cl
2
+ Cl
2
a s
CHCl
3
+ HCl
triclometan (clorofom)
CHCl
3
+ Cl
2
a s
CCl
4
+
HCl

tetra clometan (cacbon tetra
clorua
GV Y/C HS xac nh bac C
trong phan t propan va
viet PTHH p/ the kem
theo % cac chat san
pham.

NX H C bac cao de b
thay the hn H C bac
thap.
- HS xac nh
bac C trong propan
CH3-CH2- CH3 va viet
phan ng kem
theo % cac chat
san pham. T
viec so sanh %
san pham HS
rut ra nhan xet
(SGK tr113)
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
+ Cl
2
as
25
0
C
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Cl + HCl
1-clopropan (43%)
2- clopropan (57%)
propan
Cl
CH
3
- CH - CH
3
+ HCl

+ Cac phan ng halogen hoa
tao ra cac dan xuat halogen
cua hirocacbon ( san pham
the).
HOAT ONG 6
GV giup HS co the viet
c cac phan ng tach
trong cac th du ma GV a
ra.
Sau khi a ra cac th du ve
C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
va C
4
H
10

GV gi y HS a ra CTTQ
C H
2 n n +2
t
0
xt
C H
2 x x
+ C H
2 y y 2

K xK2 yK0
HS nghien cu
va viet c cac
phan ng tach
trong cac th du
ma GV a ra.

HS viet p/ vi
propan va butan.
2. Phan ng tach.
Cac ankan co phan t
khoi nho ( t
0
, xt thJch hp)
hirocacbon khong no tng
ng + H
2
Th du
CH
3
- CH
3
0
500 C
xt
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2

Cac an kan Co M ln ( t
0
, xt
thJch hp) con phan cat mach
C tao cac ankan co M nho
133
x+ y = n
khi x = n th y = 0
x = n 1 th y = 1
x = n 2 th y = 2..
hn.
Th du ( theo SGK tr 114)
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
0
t
xt
C
4
H
8
+ H
2

C
3
H
6
+
CH
4

C
2
H
4
+
C
2
H
6
GV a thong tin gas la
hon hp nhieu hirocacbon
no khac nhau.
GV lam th nghiem bat la
gas.
GV cho HS so sanh so mol
CO
2
vi so mol H
2
O tao
thanh va ket luan.
GV cho HS viet mot so
p/ cu
HS nhan xet
- Mau ngon la
- San pham tao
thanh (mui,
trang thai).
HS viet phan
ng chay di
dang tong quat.

3. Phan ng oxi hoa.
- Phan ng chay, toa nhieu
nhiet
CnH2n+2 +
3n 1
2
O2
0
t
nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
Trong trng hp O
2
d
hoac u.
Phan ng chay ankan co
nCO
2
< (n+1) H
2
O

the u, d oxi ( chay
hoan toan) hoac thieu oxi
( chay khong hoan toan).
2CH
4
+ 3O
2 thieu
2CO +
4H
2
O
CH
4
+ O
2 thieu
C + 2H
2
O
HS viet mot so
p/ cu the
Th du
CH
4
+ 2 O
2 u, d
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O

Cac ankan khong lam mat
mau dung dch brom va thuoc
tim.
HOAT ONG 7
IV. IEU CHE
GV viet PTHH ieu che
CH
4
bang cach nung nong
natri axetat khan vi voi
toi xut.
Hoac GV a ra cau hoi
Da vao SGK ngi cho
biet /c CH
4
bang cach
g?
HS da vao
SGK tra li
cau hoi cua
GV.
- HS xem hnh
ve SGK tr 114.
1. Trong phong th nghiem.

CH
3
COONa + NaOH
0
CaO, t
CH
4
+ Na
2
CO
3

GV thong bao Chng cat
phan oan dau mo thu
c cac ankan cac
phan oan khac nhau.
T kh thien nhien va kh
mo dau cung thu c
cac ankan.
HS oc them
SGK.
- Chng cat phan oan dau mo.
- T kh thien nhien va kh mo
dau.
V. NG DUNG CUA ANKAN.
GV cho HS nghien
cu SGK, ket hp
vi nhng kien
thc thc tien cua
i song e thay
c ng dung
cua ankan.
HS nghien cu SGK, ket hp
vi nhng kien thc thc
tien cua i song e thay
c ng dung cua ankan
trong 2 lnh vc Lam nguyen
lieu san xuat va lam nhien
lieu cung cap nang lng
phuc vu cho i song va
san xuat.
- HS xem hnh SGK trang 115.

a/ Lam nguyen lieu san
xuat.

b/ Lam nhien lieu cung
cap nang lng phuc vu
cho i song va san
xuat.

134
HOAT ONG CUNG CO. GV khac sau kien thc cho HS nhng noi dung sau
+ Phan ng ac trng cua ankan la phan ng the.
+ ng dung quan trong cua ankan dung lam nguyen lieu va nhien lieu.

4/ Bai tap ve nha: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 $GK trang 115 -116.

Gi y bai 7.
C
n
H
2n+2
+
3n 1
2
O
2

0
t
nCO
2
+ (n +1)H
2
O
(14n +2) (g) n mol CO
2

3,60(g)
5,60
= 0,25 (mol)
22,4

14n 2 n
3,60 0, 25
=
14n 2 n
3,60 0, 25
= = 4n 14n + 2 = 4n.3,60 = 14,40n 0,40n = 2 n = 5

C
5
H
12

BAI
26

XICLOANKAN

21
9
oang Van oan
17 /12
/2007
21/ 01/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

$ biet:
- Cong thc chung, ong ang, ong phan, goi ten va ac iem cau
tao phan t cua xicloankan.
- So sanh c s giong nhau va khac nhau ve cau tao, tnh chat cua
xicloankan vi ankan.
$ hieu:
- V sao cung la hidrocacbon no nhng xicloankan lai co mot so tnh chat
khac
ankan ( phan ng m von oi vi C
3
va C
4
)
$ van dung:
- Viet cac CTCT cua xicloankan, goi ten cac chat.
- Viet c cac PTHH the hien tnh chat hoa hoc cua xicloankan.

II/ CHUAN B. * GV Bang 5.2 SGK trang117.
** HS On lai kien thc bai ankan.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/ Phan ng ac trng cua ankan la g? Viet phan ng the cua CH
4

vi Cl
2
(as)
b/ Xac nh bac C trong phan t metan, etan va propan . Khi thc hien
phan ng the clo oi vi metan, etan va propan xay nh the nao?
c/ Bai tap SGK trang 115 116.
135
/ oc bai 2i:

CUA H$
NOI DUNG
I. CAU TAO
HOAT ONG 1:
GV at cau hoi T
CTCT cua cac xicloankan
trong bang 5.2, em hay cho
biet ac iem ve cau
tao phan t cua
xicloankan, t o hay cho
biet cong thc chung cua
xicloankan n vong.
- Xicloankan co the la
mach C mot vong hoac
nhieu vong.
- Lap day cua
xicloankan.
T bang 5.2
trang 117 $GK HS
cho biet ac
iem ve cau tao
phan t cua
xicloankan, t o
hay cho biet
cong thc chung
cua xicloankan n
vong.
+ HS lap day
cua xicloankan.
+ Xicloankan la nhng
hirocacbon no co mach vong. (
con goi mono xiclo ankan).
+ Day cua xicloankan.
CTCT CTPT Ten goi
. . .
C
n
H
2n
vi
n K3
Xicloankan

GV cuoi cung GV giup HS
nhan xet
- Xicloankan la
hirocacbon no co
cau truc mach
vong.
- Ch cha lien
ket n vi
cong thc chung
C
n
H
2n
( nK3)
HS thay c s
lien quan gia ten
goi cac ankan a
hoc vi ten goi
cua xicloankan. Vay
viec nam vng
ten goi cac ankan
lam c s cho viec
goi ten cac loai
hirocac bon sau
nay la can thiet.

HOAT ONG 2
GV giup HS oc ung ten
cua xicloankan.
GV neu ro tng trng
hp.
CH
2
C CH
2
H
2
con viet
C
C C
CH
2
H
2
H
2
H
2
con viet
CH
3
CH
C CH
2
H
2
con viet
CH
3

GV at cau hoi ac
iem cau tao cua
xicloankan la ch co lien
ket n ( lien ket 9 ) hay
d oan tnh chat hoa
hoa hoc cua no? ( p/
the va p/ chay)
HS tap oc ung
ten cua
xicloankan.

HS d oan tnh
chat hoa hoc
cua ankan da
vao ac iem
cau tao. ( ch
cha lien ket
n ( 9 ).
-Mach C n vong khong nhanh
iclo ten ankan khong nhanh
co cung so nguyen tP C.
Th du
CH
2
C CH
2
H
2
xiclopropan
C
C C
CH
2
H
2
H
2
H
2
xiclobutan
-Vi mach vong co nhanh
Ten goc hidrocacbon 2ach
nhanh xiclo ten ankan
khong nhanh co cung so
nguyen tP C trong vong.
Th du
CH
3
CH
C CH
2
H
2
metylxiclopropan .
136
II. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
HOAT ONG 3
khai niem phan ng the
va xac nh san pham
cua phan ng the theo
th du a ra.
Chu y ieu kien phan
ng: Chieu sang hoac
un nong.
HS nhac lai khai
niem phan ng
the va xac nh
san pham cua
phan ng the
theo th du a ra.

1. Phan ng the.
guyen t H lan lt thay the
bi nguyen t halogen , khi b
chieu sang hoac un nong.
+ Br
2

t
0
Br
+ HBr
xiclopentan bromxiclopentan brom

HOAT ONG 4
GV cung cap thong tin
Cac xicloankan vong 3
hoac 4 canh co cau truc
kem ben nen ngoai kha
nang phan ng the tng
t ankan, hai chat nay
con de tham gia phan
ng cong m vong. Khi
phan ng mot trong cac
lien ket C C
HS tham khao
SGK va viet
phan ng.
2. Phan ng cong m vong.
a) iclopropan va xiclobutan
tha2 gia phaPn ng cong 2P
vong.
+ H
2

t
0
,Ni
CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
3
xicl opropan
propan

+ H
2

t
0
,Ni
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
xi cl obutan
butan

b be gay gay tac nhan
phan ng cong vao 2
au nay, tao hp chat no
mach h (ankan).
GV lay th du SGK tr119
e minh hoa.
GV neu van e Tng t
ankan, cac xicloankan cung
b tach hiro.

GV yeu cau HS viet PTHH
chung cua phan ng
chay cho xicloankan va
nhan xet ve ac iem
cua phan ng chay o.

HS viet phng
trnh hoa hoc cua
phan ng tach
H
2
cua C
6
H
12
.

HS viet PTHH
chung cua phan
ng chay cho
xicloankan va
nhan xet ve
ac diem cua
phan ng chay
o.
b) Vi Br
2
, axit ( Ch co
xclopropan).
+

Br
2
(dd)
Br CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
Br
1,3-i brompropan

+

HBr
1-brompropan
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Br

Cac xicloankan vong ln ( 5,6.)
canh khong co phan ng cong
m vong.
3. Phan ng tach.
t
0
, xt
+ 3H
2
Xiclohexan Benzen
( C
6
H
12
) ( C
6
H
6
)

CH
3
CH
3
t
0
, xt
+ 3H
2
Metyl xi clohexan Tol uen
(C
6
H
11
CH
3
)
( C
6
H
5
CH
3
)

4. Phan ng oxi hoa.
C
n
H
2n
+ O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O ,
H A < 0
- Phan ng toa nhiet.
- nCO
2
= nH
2
O
HOAT ONG 5
III. IEU CHE
GV gii thieu 2 cach ieu HS tham khao 1. Cac xicIoankan chu yeu Iay
137
che
1. Lay t san pham
chng cat dau mo.
2. Phng phap tach
H
2
, ong vong.
SGK. t san pham chng cat dau
mo ( se hoc bai 37 trang 163).
2. ong vong ankan. Th du
+ H
2
CH
3
(CH
2
)
4
CH
3
t
0
,xt
hexan xiclohexan

CH
3
+ H
2 CH
3
(CH
2
)
5
CH
3
t
0
,xt
heptan metylxiclohexan

IV. NG DUNG
rut ra nhan xet.
GV hnh thanh s o tong
the.
HS tham khao
SGK rut ra nhan
xet.
HS
Xicloankan
Nhien lieu...
Nguyen lieu...
Dung moi...

HOAT ONG 6 Cung co: + Khac sau kien thc ve xicloankan
- Cong thc chung, ac iem cau tao; Phan ng the, tach va phan
ng cong m vong (oi vi xicloankan 3, 4 canh)
- ng dung cua xicloankan.
4/ Bai tap ve nha: $GK trang 120 - 121
HNG DAN:

BAI 27

&>N TA>!: ANKAN VA XICLOANKAN
21
40 oang Van
oan
18 / 12
/2007
25/01/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

- Ren luyen k nang viet CTCT va goi ten.
- Ren luyen k nang lap CTPT cua hp chat hu c, viet PTHH cua phan
ng the co chu y van dung quy luat the vao phan t ankan.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV * Ke san bang tong ket nh SGK nhng chaien d lieu.
* He thong bai tap bam sat noi dung luyen tap.
HS * Chuan b cac bai tap trong chng 5 trc khi en lp.
* He thong lai kien thc a c hoc.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu ket hp bai luyen tap.
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
( co 5 van e c ban)
GV neu cac van e a
c hoc, yeu cau HS a
HS a cac th du
minh hoa, phan tch
1. Cac phan ng chnh cua
hidro cacbon no.
138
cac th du minh hoa, phan
tch e khac sau va cung
co kien thc a c
hoc.
e khac sau va
cung co kien thc
a c hoc.
2. ac iem ve cau truc
va cong thc chung cua
ankan.
3. Ankan co ong phan
mach C ( t C
4
tr i).
4. Tnh chat hoa hoc ac
trng cua ankan va
xicloankan la phan ng
the. So sanh ankan va
xicloankan ve cau tao va
tnh chat.
5. ng dung cua ankan va
xiclo ankan.
HOAT ONG 2
( Giai quyet tng van e)
GV lap bang nh trong SGK
trang 122, nhng e trong
phan cau tao va tnh chat
hoa hoc, yeu cau HS da
vao kien thc hoa hoc
e hoan thanh bang. (
van e 4). Bang nh sau

HS da vao kien
thc hoa hoc e
hoan thanh bang.

A. Tnh chat hoa hoc ac
trng cua ankan va
xicloankan la phan ng
the. So sanh ankan va
xicloankan ve cau tao va
tnh chat.

GIONG NHAU KHAC NHAU
CAU TAO
- Trong phan t ch
cha cac lien ket n (
hirocacbon no).
- Ankan: Mach h.
- XicIoankan Mach vong

TNH CHAT HOA HOC

* eu co phan ng
the.
* Co phan ng tach
hiro.
* Chay toa nhieu nhiet.
Xicloankan vong 3,4 canh
co phan ng cong m
vong.
GV giao cac to on tap
cac van e 1, 2 va 3.

- Luyen tap chung trc
lp van e 5.
HS tham gia tch cc
giai quyet cac ven
e neu ra.
B.
1. Cac phan ng chnh cua
hidrocacbon no.
..
2. ac iem ve cau truc
va cong thc chung cua
ankan.
..
3. Ankan co ong phan
mach C ( t C
4
tr i).
...
C. ng dung cua ankan va
xicloankan
HOAT ONG 3 (1/2 tiet con lai).
II. BAI TAP
GV hng dan HS hoan
thanh bai tap SGK. Co the
la cac bai tap nay long
trong cac van e on tap
tren e HS nam vng l
thuyet thong qua bai tap.
HS giai bai tap di
s hng dan cua
GV.
A . Bai tap $GK trang 123.
1. Viet CTCT cua cac ankan sau 1.
139
pentan,
2-metylpentan, isobutan. Cac chat tren
con co ten goi nao khac khong?

2. Ankan Y mach khong nhanh co
cong thc n gian nhat la C
2
H
5
.
a) Tm CTPT, viet CTCT va goi teh Y.

b) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc phan
ng cua Y vi clo khi chieu sang, ch
ro san pham chnh cua phan ng.

CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
3
Pentan

CH
3
CH
3
- CH - CH
2
- CH
2
- CH
3
isopentan
2-
metylpentan
CH
3
CH
3
- CH - CH
3

(isobutan)
2 - metylpropan

2. a) Ankan co CTPT dang C
2
H
5
)
n
C
2n
H
5n
V la ankan C
x
H
2x + 2
nen 2n = x, Con 5n =
2x + 2
v vay 5n = 2x + 2 = 2(2n) + 2
5n = 4n + 2 n =2 C
4
H
10
butan.
CTCT cua Y la CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
.
( Theo au bai Y mach khong nhanh).
b)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Cl
2

1 1
as
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH -CH
3

Cl
(san pham chnh)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHCl
( san pham phu)

3. ot chay hoan toan 3,36 lt hon
hp kh A gom metan va etan thu c
4,48 lt kh cacbonic. Cac the tch kh
c o ktc. Tnh thanh phan phan
tram cua moi kh trong hon hp A.

4. Khi 1,00 gam metan chay toa ra 55,6
kJ. Can bao nhieu lt metan (ktc) e
lng nhiet toa ra u un 1,00 lt nc
( D = 1,00g/cm
3
) t 25
0
C len 100
0
C. Biet
rang muon nang 1,00 gam nc len
1,0
0
C can tieu ton 4,18J va gia s
nhiet sinh ra ch dung e lam tang
nhiet o cua nc. ( biet 1000J =
1kJ).

5. Khi cho isopentan tac dung vi brom
theo t le mol 1 1 san pham chnh thu
c la;
A. 2-brompetan B. 1-brompetan
C.1,3- ibrompentan D. 2,3
ibrompentan
?
6. anh dau ( ung) hoac S ( sai)
vao cac o trong canh cac cau sau
ay.
a) Ankan la hirocacno no, mach
h.

b) Ankan co the b tach hiro
thanh anken.

c) Crackinh ankan thu c hon S
3. Goi so mol CH
4
la x, so mol C
2
H
6
la
y.
n
A
= 0,150 mol = x + y (1)
2
CO
n = 0,20 mol = x + 2y (2)
T (1) va (2) x = 0,100; y= 0,0500
%V CH
4
= 66,7% va % V C
2
H
6
= 33,3%.

4.
- Tnh cho 1 gam nc:
Nang 1,00 gam nc len 1,0
0
C can tieu
4,18J
Vay nang 1,00 g nc t 25
0
len 100
0

tc len tong cong 100
0
- 25
0
= 75
0
th
can
75,0 x 4,18 = 314 (J)
- Tnh cho 1 It nc.
Neu la 1,00 lt nc ( tc 1,00.10
3
g) th
can
314 x1,00.10
3
= 314 x 10
3
(J) = 314 KJ.
Biet 1g CH
4
khi chay toa ra 55,6kJ
x ~ 314kJ

314
x = = 5,64 (g)
55,6
. oi ra the tch kh

4
CH
5,64
V = x 22,4 = 7,90 (li t)
16,0

5. ?
6.
a)
b)
c) S
d)
140
hp cac ankan.
d) Phan ng cua clo vi ankan
tao thanh ankyl clorua thuoc loai
phan ng the.

e) Ankan co nhieu trong dau
mo.

e)
HOAT ONG 8
Cung co kien thc ve xicloankan
+ H
2
( Ni, t
0
) Br
2
( trong CCI
4
) + HBr

Vong
nho
nen
sc
cang
ln
kem
ben
80
0
C m vong
propan
m vong
1,3- ibrompropan
m vong
1- brompropan

120
0
C m
vong butan
// //

Khong phan ng
0
t C
phan ng
the
bromxiclopentan
//

Khong phan ng
0
t C
phan ng
the
bromxiclohexan
//

4/ Bai tap ve nha: Xem va chuan b BAI THC HANH $O 3 ( $GK
TRANG 124)

BAI
28
BAI TCC AN :
PHAN TCH NH TNH NGUYEN TO. IEU
CHE VA TNH CHAT CUA METAN

22
41
oang Van oan
26 /12
/2007
28/01/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

1. Kien thc:
_ Biet nguyen tac phan tch nh tnh cac hp chat hu c xac nh s
co mat cua C, H trong hp chat hu c.
- Tnh chat cua hirocacbon ieu che va thu kh CH
4
; th tnh chat cua CH
4
;
Phan ng chay, th phan ng vi dung dch Br
2
, dung dch KMnO
4
.

2. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang thc hanh vi cac hp chat hu c.
- Tiep tuc ren luyen cac k nang thc hanh th nghiem vi lng nho hoa
chat nh nung nong ong nghiem cha chat ran, th tnh chat cua kh.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Dung cu th nghie2:
- Ong nghiem - Bo gia th nghiem - Gia e ong
nghiem
141
- Ong hut nho giot - Nut cao su - Ong dan ch L (
dai, nhon) - Tha lay hoa chat - en con
2. oa chat:
- Saccaroz ( ng knh) - CuO - CuSO
4
khan
- CH
3
COONa khan - Voi toi xut (CaO+NaOH) - dd Thuoc tm (
KMnO
4
).
- Bong khong tham nc.
. eu cau $ on tap nhng kien thc co lien quan en cac th nghie2
thc hanh: ai cng ve hoa hoc hu c, hirocacbon no.

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
/ oc bai 2i:

HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG CUA H$ NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV neu nhng th nghiem
thc hien trong bai thc
hanh, nhng yeu cau
can at va nhng iem

lu y khi lam th nghiem
vi cac hp chat hu c
va th nghiem ot chay
CH
4
.
GV bieu dien cho HS xem
cach lap dung cu theo
hnh 5.2 -SGK tr114. Sau khi
lam xong phai bo ong
nghiem cha Ca(OH)
2
. ra
trc sau o mi tat
en con.
Hnh 5.1b

Hnh 5.1c
HS xem cach lap dung
cu theo hnh.
Hnh 5.1 va cac hnh
5.2a, 5.2 b, 5.2c va 5.2d.

I. Cach tien hanh:
Th nghiem 1: Tm C va
H
Tron eu 0,2 g saccaroz
vi 1-2 g CuO sau o cho
hon hp vao ong
nghiem, cho tiep 1 g CuO
phu het be mat hon
hp trong ong nghiem,
lay cuc bong tam bot
CuSO
4
khan trang e
sat mieng ong nghiem,
dan khi thoat ra vao
nc voi trong, tien
hanh lap dung cu nh
hnh ve un ong
nghiem co cha hon
hp ran.
142

ie uchevathtnh chat metan
Ho n hp
CH
3
COONa
CaO, NaOH
dd
KMnO
4

Hnh 5.1d

ieuchevathtnh chat metan
Hon hp
CH
3
COONa
CaO, NaOH
ddBr
2

Xacnh nh tnh C, H trongsaccaroz

Ban au Ia
ncvoi
trong
Hon hp
0,2gC
12
H
22
O
11

va1-2 g CuO
Bong ta m bot
CuSO
4
khan

Quan sat cuc bong va
nc voi trong.
Th nghiem 2: ieu che
va th tnh chat cua
CH
4
.
Hon hp CH
3
COONa va
voi toi tron nghien vi
xut theo t le 1 2 ve
khoi lng, tien hanh
lap dung nh cac hnh
ve. 5.2a, 5.2 b, 5.2c, 5.2d.

4-5 g ho n hp
CH
3
COONa
CaO, NaOH
tIekI 1: 2

CH
4
H
2
O
ieu chemetan trong phong th nghiem

HOAT ONG 2 : H$ Iam ban tng trnh nop.

H
O
A
H
O
H
C
U
C

BAI
29
CHNG 6: HIROCACBON KHONG NO
ANKEN

24
42
oang Van oan
10/
01/2008
16/ 02 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR147)

$ biet Cau tao danh phap, ong phan, tnh chat cua anken; Phan biet
anken vi ankan bang phng phap hoa hoc.
$ hieu: V sao anken co nhieu ong phan hn ankan tng ng; V sao
anken co phan ng tao polime.
$ van dung:
143
- Viet c cac ong phan ( ong phan mach C, ong phan v tr lien ket
oi), cac PTHH the hien tnh chat hoa hoc cau anken.
- Van dung kien thc a hoc e lam bai tap nhan biet.

II/ CHUAN B.
- Ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem, gia .
- Kh etilen ( ieu che san ng trong tui polietilen), dung dch brom, dung
dch thuoc tm.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
/ oc bai 2i:
CUA H$
NOI DUNG

I. ONG ANG, ONG PHAN, DANH PHAP.
HOAT ONG 1:
GV gii thieu chat n
gian nhat cua day ong
ang anken la etilen C
2
H
4

(CH
2
= CH
2
).

GV yeu cau HS viet cac
cau tao ve ong phan
C
4
H
8

HS nhan xet ac
iem cau tao cua
etilen, t o rut ra
khai niem va
cong thc chung.
HS van dung khai
niem ong ang
viet CTPT cua
etilen.

1. Day ong ang anken.
Etilen C
2
H
4
va cac chat C
3
H
6
,
C
4
H
8.
co tnh chat tng t
etilen lap thanh day ong
ang etilen co cong thc
tong quat C
n
H
2n
( n 2).
2. ong phan.
a) ong phan cau tao.
T C
4
H
8
xuat hien ong
phan an ken

GV cho HS viet cau cac
ong phan cua C
4
H
10
va
C
4
H
8
rut ra nhan xet
GV nhan manh Ankan ch
co ong phan mach C.

GV viet CTCT cua but-2-en
di dang cis va dang
trans.

S phan bo khac nhau
cua hai nhom nguyen t
khac nhau lien ket hai
C noi oi tao ra ong
phan v tr khong gian
cua cac nhom nguyen
t goi la ong phan hnh
HS viet cau cac
ong phan cua
C
4
H
10
va C
4
H
8
rut ra
nhan xet.

CH
2
= CH CH CH
3
CH
3
CH = CH CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
= C

Anken co ong phan mach C
va ong phan v tr noi oi.
b) ong phan hinh hoc.
Dang- phan bo cac nhom
nguyen t khac nhau 2 C
noi oi tao nen. TQ

C = C
R
3
R
4
R
1
R
2

ieu kien R
1
# R
2
va R
3
# R
4
Th du Vi
144
hoc.

Chu y cis- va trans-
khong viet hoa

HS nhan xet rut ra
ket luan ve ong
phan hnh hoc.

cis-but-2-en trans-but-2-en
- Trong phan t anken, mach
chnh la mach cha nhieu C
nhat va co cha lien ket
oi C=C.
- Neu hai au mach chnh
cung nam ve mot pha so
vi lien ket oi
C= C la ong phan cis-.
- Neu hai au mach chnh
nam hai pha khac nhau
so vi lien ket oi C = C la
ong phan trans-.
HOAT ONG 2
GV cho th du cu the
C
2
H
6
etan C
2
H
4
etilen
C
3
H
8
propan C
3
H
6

propilen

Tiep au ng nh trong
ankan tng ng but, pent,
hex.

GV bo sung them co s
dung them mot so cach
goi ten tng t ankan Nh
dung i, tri hoac goi theo
van A, B, C neu co nhieu
nhanh.

HS van dung goi
ten mot so anken
khac.

3. Danh phap.
a/ Ten thong thng.
- oi uoi cua an cua ankan
thanh uoi iIen cua anken (
cung so nguyen t cacbon
vi ankan).
- C
2
H
4
etilen, C
3
H
6
propilen.
b/ Ten thay the.
- Xuat phat t ten ankan
tng ng bang cach oi
uoi an thanh en.
- Hai ong ang au day
van goi C
2
H
4
eten, C
3
H
6

propen.
- Anken khong nhanh Tiep
au ng v tr C bat au
co noi oi en ( Xem SGKtr
127)
- Cac anken co nhanh khac
goi qui tac sau
1. Chon mach C dai
nhat cha noi oi lam mach
chJnh.

GV

CH
3
CH = C CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
1
2 3 4 5

3-metylpent-2-en

2. anh so th t cac
nguyen t C trong mach chJnh,
u tien bat au anh t phJa
nao co lien ket oi gan
nhat.
3. Goi ten:
So ch v trJ nhanh ten
nhanh (yl) tiep au ng
mach chJnh so ch v trJ C
bat au co noi oi en.
%hJ du:
145
CH = C CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
1 2 3 4

2-metylbut-2-en
HOAT ONG 3
II. TNH CHAT VAT L ($GK trang127 -128)
GV hng dan HS xem
SGK va tra li cau hoi
lien quan en tnh chat
vat l
- Nhng anken
nao ton tai
trang thai kh,
long, ran?
- Qui luat bien oi
nhiet o nong
chay, nhiet o
soi c the
hien nh the
nao?
- S bien oi ve
khoi lng rieng
nh the nao?
- Tnh tan cac
anken the hien
nh the nao?
GV cuoi cung neu tom
tat ve tnh chat vat l
cua anken.
HS xem SGK va tra
li cau hoi lien
quan en tnh chat
vat l

- Trang thai C
2
H
4
C
4
H
8

chat kh
T C
5
H
10
Z la
chat long
hoac
ran.
- Khi phan t khoi cang tang
th nhiet o nong chay va
nhiet o soi cang tang.
- Khi M tang th khoi lng
rieng tang, chung eu nhe
hn nc v (D< 1g/l). Cac
anken eu khong tan trong
nc.
5/ Bai tap ve nha 1,2 trang 132 SGK.

CH = C
CH
3
C
2
H
5
CH
3

BAI
29
ANKEN

25
43
oang Van oan
10/
01/2008
18/ 02 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

$ biet Cau tao danh phap, ong phan, tnh chat cua anken; Phan biet
anken vi ankan bang phng phap hoa hoc.
146
$ hieu: V sao anken co nhieu ong phan hn ankan tng ng; V sao
anken co phan ng tao polime.
$ van dung:
- Viet c cac ong phan ( ong phan mach C, ong phan v tr lien ket
oi), cac PTHH the hien tnh chat hoa hoc cau anken.
- Van dung kien thc a hoc e lam bai tap nhan biet.

II/ CHUAN B.
- Ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem, gia .
- Kh etilen ( ieu che san ng trong tui polietilen), dung dch brom, dung
dch thuoc tm.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 4
GV da vao ac iem
cau tao cua phan t
anken co 1 lien ket
p kem ben, de b phan
cat, gay nen tnh chat
hoa hoc ac trng cua
anken de tham gia phan
ng cong tao thanh hp
chat no tng ng.
GV at van e Phan
ng cong vao anken noi
rieng cung nh hirocacbon
khong no noi chung c
xet vi mot so tac
nhan H
2
, halogen (X
2
), va
HX.

HS chu y theo doi
va viet PTHH dang
tong quat.
1. Phan ng cong
a) Cong hiro.

Th du
CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2

0
, N t
CH
3
-
CH
3
Eten
etan
.
Tong quat
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2

0
, N t
C
n
H
2n + 2
Anken
ankan

GV lam th nghiem dan kh
C
2
H
4
t t i qua dung dch
brom.
GV bo sung phan ng
cong brom cua anken
dung e phan biet anken
vi ankan.
HS quan sat neu
hien tng va viet
PTHH cua phan
ng anken cong Br
2
b/ Cong haIogen.

Th du
CH
2
= CH
2
+Br
2
CH
2
Br
CH
2
Br

Mau o khong
mau
1,2- i brometan
- Dung dung dch brom e
phan biet anken vi ankan
(1).
147

1mI C
2
H
5
OH
+ vai hat cat
Iacnhe+ 3mI
H
2
$O
4
a c
dd Br2
C
2
H
4

HOAT ONG 5

cua phan ng cong cua
C
2
H
4
vi tac nhan HX
GV Viet PTHH cua phan
ng propen vi HBr. Yeu
cau HS xac nh bac C.
San pham chnh c xac
nh theo qui tac cong Mac
cop nhi cop. (SGK
tr129)
GV a ra mot so v du
e HS van dung qui tac.

X (SPC)
(SPP)
R CH CH
3
R CH
2
CH
2
X
R CH = CH
2
1
2
HX
- +

HS viet PTHH cua
phan ng cong
cua C
2
H
4
vi tac
nhan HX

HS tham khao SGK
ve noi dung qui tac
c) Cong HX ( X Ia OH, CI,
Br.)
* Anken oi xng.
CH2 = CH2+ H-OH
H
+
CH3 CH2 - O
CH2 = CH2+ H- Br CH3 CH2 -
Br
** Anken bat oi xng.
CH
3
- CH = CH
2
+ HBr
(SPC)
(SPP)
CH
3
CH CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Br
Br
2 brompropan
1 brompropan

Qui tac Mac - cop- nhi- cop (188 -1904):
Trong phaPn ng cong vao lien ket oi, nguyen tP
( hay phan 2ang ien tch dng) chuP yeu cong vao
nguyen tP cacbon bac thap ( hay co nhieu hn) con
nguyen tP hay nho2 nguyen tP ( phan 2ang ien tch
a2) cong vao nguyen tP cac bon bac cao hn ( co t
hn).
HOAT ONG 6
GV cac anken con co the
tham gia phan ng cong
hp lien tiep vi nhau tao
thanh nhng phan t co
mach dai va phan t
khoi ln.
GV lu y cho HS cac khai
niem mi polime, monome,
mat xch polime, he so
trung hp.
- Phan t anken tham gia
ban au goi la monome.
- San pham trung hp goi
la polime.
- n Goi la "he so trung
hp.
HS neu khai niem
phan ng trung
hp ( SGK trang 130),
ieu kien cua phan
ng trung hp.
2. Phan ng trung hp.
* ieu kien: nhiet o
cao, ap suat cao va xuc
tac thch hp
Th du
. CH2=CH2+CH2=CH2+CH2=CH2+.
t
0
,p,xt

. -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-.
Viet gon
t
0
,p,xt
CH
2
CH
2
n
n CH
2
= CH
2

- Phan trong dau ngoac
goi la mat xch cua phan
t polime.
GV Nhan manh e co
the trung hp tao phan

* Khai nie2: !haPn ng trung
hp ( thuoc loai phaPn ng
poli2e hoa) la qua trinh ket
hp lien tiep nhieu phan tP
nhoP giong nhau hoac tng t
nhau thanh nhng phan tP rat
148
t polime th cac monome
phai cha lien ket boi.
GV khai quat

n A
t
0
,p
xt
A
'

ln ( goi la poli2e)
HOAT ONG 7
GV gi y HS viet PTHH cu
the

1mI C
2
H
5
OH
+ vai hat cat
Ia c nhe+ 3mI
H
2
$O
4
a c
dd KMnO
4

10%
C
2
H
4

HS t viet PTHH
dang tong quat,
nhan xet so mol
CO
2
va so mol H
2
O.

nCO
2
= nH
2
O
3. Phan ng oxi hoa.
a) !haPn ng oxi hoa
hoan toan.
C
n
H
2n
+
3n
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O
b) !haPn ng oxi hoa
khong hoan toan.
- C
2
H
4
lam mat mau dd
KMnO
4
3CH
2
=CH
2
+4H
2
O + 2KMnO
4
2HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH + 2MnO
2
+2KOH
Phan ng nay dung e phan biet anken vi ankan (2)

HOAT ONG 8 IV. IEU CHE
GV gii thieu phng phap
ieu che etilen trong
phong th nghiem ( hnh 6.3
SGK).

+ a bot muc ch e
hon hp soi eu, khong
ban ra khoi mieng ong
nghiem, gay nguy hiem.
GV lay th du
CH3-CH3
t
0
, p, xt
CH2= CH2 +H2
C2H6 C2H4
CH3-CH2- CH3
t
0
, p, xt
CH3-CH= CH2
+H2
C3H8 C3H6
.

HS nhan xet ieu
kien phan ng va
cach thu kh etilen.

HS khai quat viet
PTHH chung

C
2
H
4
H
2
O

Hon hp
2 mI C
2
H
5
OH,
4 mI H
2
$O
4
ac
+ abot

C2H5OH
H
2
SO
4
a c,170
0
C
CH2= CH2 + H2O
2. Trong congnghiep.
+ Anken c lay t san
pham tach H
2
.
C
n
H
2n +2
t
0
, p, xt
C
n
H
2n
+

H
2
ankan anken

V. NG DUNG
GV Yeu cau HS khai thac
SGK.
GV bo sung mot so ng
dung khac Nh tong hp
ru, cac dan xuat
halogen, axit axetic, etilen
dung e kch thch qua
mau chn ( giam qua
xanh).
HS nghien cu SGK
rut ra nhng ng
dung cua anken
* La nguyen lieu cho qua
trnh SX hoa hoc.
* Cac anken au day dung
e tong hp polime co
nhieu ng dung trong i
song.
HOAT ONG 9 CUNG CO BAI
4/ Cung co: Kien thc trong tam Cau tao cua anken, phan ng cong
cua anken.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1-6 trang 132 $GK.

BAI
30

ANKAIEN

149
25
44
oang Van oan

18/01/2008
22/ 02 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
-Khai niem ve ankanien Cong thc chung, ac iem cau tao, phan loai,
ong ang, ong
phan, danh phap.
- Tnh chat cua mot so ankaien tieu bieu buta-1,3-ien va isopren.
- Phng phap ieu che ankaien va ng dung cua ankaien.
$ hieu:
- V sao phan ng cua anakaien xay ra theo nhieu hng hn so vi anken.
$ van dung:
- Viet c mot so PTHH cua cac phan ng lien quan en ankaien.
2. K nang:

II/ CHUAN B. * GV Giao an , he thong bai tap.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I. NH NGHA VA PHAN LOAI
GV lay v du mot so
ankaen.
( Nh SGK tr133) sau o
hng dan HS rut ra
- Khai niem hp chat
ien.
- CTTQ cua ien.
- Phan loai ien.
- Danh phap ien.
HS khai quat a ra
cong thc chung va
ieu kien ch so n
1. nh ngha.
Ankaien la hirocacbon
mach h co hai noi oi C
= C trong phan t.
Cong thc phan t chung
cua cac ankaien la C
n
H
2n -
2
( ieu kien
n 3)
GV yeu cau HS viet cac
CTCT cua cac ankaien
co CTPT C
5
H
8
.
Can c vao v tr tng
oi gia 2 lien ket oi
e phan loai ankaien.
HS viet cac CTCT
cua cac ankaien co
CTPT C
5
H
8

2. Phan Ioai.
Da vao v tr tng oi
cua hai lien ket oi, chia
ankaien thanh 3 loai

GV lu y cho HS Trong
cac loai ankaien th
ankaien co hai lien ket
oi cach nhau mot lien
ket n ( ankaien lien
CH
2
= C= CH CH
2
CH
3
(1)

CH
2
= CH CH = CH CH
3
(2)

CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH = CH
2
(3)

* Hai lien ket n lien nhau.
CH
2
=C= CH - CH
2
-CH
3
* Hai lien ket oi cach
nhau mot lien ket n
(ankaien lien hp hay ien
150
hp) co nhieu ng dung
trong k thuat , tieu bieu
la buta -1,3 ien ( vinyl)
va isoprren.
- Ta nghien cu loai nay
Cu the la buta-1,3-ien
va isopren
CH
3
CH= C = CH CH
3
(4)

CH
3
C= C = CH
2
CH
3
(5)

CH
2
= C C = CH
2
CH
3
(6)

lien hp).
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2

* Hai lien ket oi cach
nhau t hai lien ket n tr
len.
CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH = CH
2

HOAT ONG 2
GV yeu cau HS so sanh
nhng iem giong va
khac nhau ve cau tao
cua anken va ankaien,
t o nhan xet kha
nang phan ng.
GV neu van e Tuy
theo ieu kien ve t le
mol, ve nhiet o, phan
ng cong co the xay
ra
- T le 11 Cong
kieu 1,2 hoac
1,4.
- T le 12 cong
ong thi vao
hai lien ket oi.
Lu y khai niem 1,2 va
1,4 cho HS.
CH
3
CH
2
CH= CH
2
CH
3
CH = CH CH
3
Co ng 1,2
Co ng 1,4

HS so sanh va nhan
xet kha nang phan
ng cua anken va
ankaien.
- Cung tham gia phan
ng cong.
- HS van dung viet
PTHH cac phan ng

1. Phan ng cong.
a) Cong hiro.
Th du:

T le 1:2: Cong vao 2 noi oi:
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ 2H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

- T le 1:1
Cong 1,2 va 1,4.
CH
2
= CHCH = CH
2
+H
2
0
Ni, t
CH
3
CH
2
CH=CH
2
(cong
1.2)
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ H
2

0
Ni, t
CH
3
-CH =CH-CH
3
(cong
1.4)
b) Cong bro2
- T le 1:2: Cong vao 2 noi oi.
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ 2Br
2
CH
2
Br CHBr CHBrCH
2
Br
- T le 1:1
Cong 1,2 (-80
0
C) tao $!C la:
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
= CH CHBr CH
2
Br
Cong 1,4 ( 40
0
C) tao $!C la:
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH = CH CH
2
Br
c) Cong hiro halogenua.
- T le 11
Cong 1,2 (-80
0
C) tao $!C la:
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ HBr CH
2
= CH CHBr
CH
3

Cong 1,4 ( 40
0
C) tao $!C a:
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ HBr CH
3
CH = CH
CH
2
Br
HOAT ONG 3
khai niem phan ng
trung hp, ieu kien e
co phan ng trung hp.
GV hng dan HS viet
PTHH cua phan ng
trung hp 1,4 (sp ben)
Quan trong la trung hp buta 1,3- ien, vi ieu
kien xt Na, t
0
, p thch hp tao ra cao su buna (
polibutaien)
CH
2
CH = CH CH
2

n
nCH
2
= CH - CH = CH
2

t
0
,p
Na
polibutai en

GV cho HS t viet PTHH
cua phan ng chay.
GV thong bao buta -1,3-
2. Phan ng oxi hoa.
a) Oxi hoa hoan toan
2C
4
H
6
+ 11O
2
8CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
151
ien va isopren cung lam
mat mau dd brom va
thuoc tm tng t anken (
khong viet PTHH).
b) Oxi hoa khong hoan toan
Buta -1,3-ien va isopren cung lam mat mau dd
brom va thuoc tm tng t anken
HOAT ONG 4
III. IEU CHE.
GV cho HS xem SGK trang
135 va viet PTHH.

HS viet PTHH cua phan
ng

* ieu che buta- 1,3-ien.
- T butan hoac buten bang cach ehiro hoa.
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3
t
0
,xt
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ 2H
2

** ieu che isopren bang cach tach hidro isopentan (
lay t dau mo).

HOAT ONG 5
CUNG CO BAI
GV Nhc lai kin thuc trong
tam cn cung c
+ Phan ung cng va ki nng
vit PTHH.
HS nhac lai phan
ng cong cua
ankaien.
- Cong 1, 2 ( ieu
kien).
- Cong 1,4 ( ieu
kien).
IV. NG DUNG ( $GK)
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK rut ra mot so ng
dung quan trong cua
ankaien.
HS nghien cu SGK
rut ra mot so ng
dung quan trong cua
ankaien.
* San pham trung hp cua
buta -1,3-en hoac t
isopren ieu che c
polibutaien hoac poli isopren
co tnh an hoi cao dung
e san xuat cao su ( cao su
buna, cao su isopren.)
4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap $GK trang
a) Khi cho isopren tc dung vi brm theo ti l 11 th s sn phm ti da thu duoc l
A. 2 B. 3 C.4 D.5

CHBr CBr CH = CH
2
CH
3

,
CHBr C CH CHBr
CH
3

va
CH
2
= C CHBr CHBr
CH
3

b) Viet PTHH ieu che buta-1,3 ien t but- 1-en
CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3

t
0
,xt
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ H
2

5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4 trang 135 $GK va $BT 6. 14 en 6.24.

==========Tm en http//onthi.com===========

BAI
31

&>N TA>!: ANKEN VA ANKANIEN
26
45
oang Van oan

21/01/2008
25/ 02 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
152
1. Kien thc:
- Cung co ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua anken va ankaien.
- HS biet cach phan biet ankan, anken, ankaien bang phng phap hoa hoc.
2. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang viet PTHH minh hoa tnh chat hoa hoc cua anken,
ankaien.
II/ CHUAN B.
GV Bang s o chuyen hoa gia ankan, anken va ankaien.
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
I. KIEN THC CAN NAM VNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV hng dan HS ke
bang kien thc can nam
vng nh sau
HS ke bang kien
thc can nam
vng, sau o ien
noi dung kien thc
vao.

ANKEN ANKANIEN
1. Cong thc phan t
chung
C
n
H
2n
, n 2 C
n
H
2n -2
, n 3
2. ac iem cau tao Mach h, cha mot
lien ket oi trong phan
t, trong o cha mot
lien ket pi ( p ).
Mach h, cha hai lien
ket oi trong phan t,
trong o cha hai lien
ket pi ( p ).
+ Co ong phan mach C va ong phan v tr lien
ket oi.
+ Mot so co ong phan hnh hoc ( cis va trans)
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc
ac trng
1. Phan ng cong hp H
2
, HX, Br
2
( dd).
4. S chuyen hoa gia
ankan, anken va ankaien

HOAT ONG 2 II. BAI TAP ( $GK tr 138)
1. Viet cac PTHH minh hoa
a) e tach metan t hon hp vi mot lng nho etilen, ngi ta dan hon hp
kh i qua dung dch brom d.
b) Suc kh propilen vao dung dch KMnO
4
, thay mau cua dung dch nhat dan, co
ket tua nau en xuat hien.

Giai a) CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br
b) 3CH
3
- CH
2
= CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3CH
3
-CH
2
OHCH
2
OH + 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
2, Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc nhan biet 3 bnh ng 3 kh rieng biet la metan, etilen, va
cacbonic. Viet PTHHH minh hoa.
Gi y
153
Cach 1: Dan lan lt tng kh i qua dd nc voi trong Ca(OH)
2
d, kh nao phan ng cho ket tua
trang o la kh CO
2
. CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
trang + H
2
O. Hai kh con lai dan qua dung dch brom
loang, kh nao phan ng lam mat mau dung dch brom la kh etilen, con lai la kh metan.
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br
Cach 2: Dan lan lt tng kh qua bnh ng dung dch KMnO
4
, kh nao lam mat mau dung dch
thuoc tm la kh etilen. 3CH
2
= CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3CH
2
OHCH
2
OH + 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
Hai kh con lai dan lan lt qua nc voi trong d, kh nao cho ket tua trang la kh CO
2
, kh con
lai la metan CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
trang + H
2
O.
---------------------------------------------------
3. Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng thc hien s o chuyen hoa sau
CH
4
C
2
H
2
C
2
H
4
C
2
H
6
C
2
H
5
Cl
Gi y
2CH
4

0
1500 C
l am l anh nhanh
C
2
H
2
+ H
2

C
2
H
2
+ H
2

3
0
Pd/ PbNO
t C

C
2
H
4

C
2
H
4
+ H
2

0
Ni
t C
C
2
H
6
C
2
H
6
+ Cl
2

askt
C
2
H
5
Cl + HCl
---------------------------------------------------
4. Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng ieu che cac chat sau1,2 icloetan; 1,1- icloetan t etan va
cac chat vo c can thiet.
Gi y
CH
3
CH
3

0
500 C,xt
CH
2
= CH
2
+ H
2

CH
2
= CH
2
+ Cl
2
CH
2
Cl CH
2
Cl

CH
3
CH
3
+ Cl
2

askt
CH
3
- CHCl
2
+ 2HCl

-----------------------------------------
5, Cho 4,48 lt hon hp kh gom metan va etilen i qua dung dch brom d, thay dung dch nhat mau
va con1,12 lit kh thoat ra. cac the tch o ieu kien tieu chuan. Thanh phan phan tram cua
kh metan trong hon hp la
A. 25,00% B. 50,00% C. 60,00% D. 37,50%
Hay chon ap an ung.
Tra li ap an ung A.
------------------------------------------------
6. Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng ieu che polibut -1,3-ien t but-1-en.
Giai
CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3
0
t , xt

CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ H
2

CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2

0
t , xt
Na
( - CH
2
CH = CH CH
2
- )
n
------------------------------------------------------
7. ot chay hoan 5,40 g ankaien lien hp X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2
( ktc0. Cong thc nao sau
ay la cong thc cau tao cua x?
A. CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
B. CH
2
= CH CH = CH CH
3

C. CH
2
= C (CH
3
) CH
2
CH
3
D. CH
2
= C = CH CH
3

Giai
C
n
H
2n 2
+
3n 1
2
-

e o
O
2
nCO
2
+ (n-1) H
2
O
(14n-2)g n mol
5,40 g 0,4 mol
5,4n = (14n -2) .0,4 n = 4. CTPT cua X C
4
H
6

V X la ankaien lien hp nen ap an A ung.
4/ Bai tap ve nha: $BT trang 45 -46. Cac bai 6.20 en 6.24.

BAI
32

ANKIN
154
26
46
oang Van oan
21/
01/2008
29/ 02
/2008
11(Ch/tr chuan)
$ biet: Khai niem ve ankin; congt hc chung, ac iem cau tao, dong
ang ong phan va
danh phap; tnh chat hoa hoc cua ankin va ng dung quan trong
cua axetilen.
$ hieu: Ank-1-in co phan ng the nghuyen t H cacbon lien ket ba
bi nguyen t kim
loai.
$ van dung: Viet cac PTHH the hien tnh chat hoa hoc cua anakin; Giai
c mot so bai
tap phan biet cac chat.

II/ CHUAN B.
Hoa chat , dung cu th nghiem kh C
2
H
2
, dung dch AgNO
3
, dung dch NH
3
,cap
ong nghiem, ong nghiem.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
I. ONG ANG, ONG PHAN, DANH PHAP
GV Lay th du mot so cong
thc cau tao cua ankin.
CTPT CTCT Ten
TT
C
2
H
2
CH CH
axetilen
C
3
H
4
CH
3
- C CH
metylaxetilen
C
4
H
6
CH
3
CH
2
- C CH
etylaxetilen

..

HS nhan xet rut ra
khai niem ankin
cong thc electron,
cong thc cau tao
va mo hnh cau
tao phan t
axetilen.
1. Day ong ang ankin
Axetilen (CH CH) va cac
chat ong ang (C
3
H
4
, C
4
H
6

) co tnh chat tng t
axetilen lap thanh day
ong ang goi la ankin.
CTTQ C
n
H
2n 2,
n 2
Nhan xet Ankin la
hirocacbon khong no,
2ach hP co 2ot lien
ket ba trong phan tP.
Chat tieu bieu C
2
H
2
CT electron
H CC H

CTCT
CH CH

Mo hnh

GV yeu cau HS da vao HS viet CTCT cua 2. ong phan
155
kien thc ong phan, viet
CTCT cua cac ankin co
cong thc phan t C
4
H
6
,
C
5
H
8
,.Da vao mach C va
v tr noi boi, phan loai
cac ong phan va viet
c.

Cac ong phan ankin
khong co ong phan hnh
hoc nh anken.
cac ankin co cong
thc phan t C
4
H
6
,
C
5
H
8
,.phan loai
cac ong phan
va viet c.
* Ankin t C
4
tr i co
ong phan v tr nhom
chc ( noi boi), t C
5
tr
co them ong phan mach
cacbon ( tng t anken).
* Th du
C
4
H
6
C
5
H
8

CH CCH
2
CH
3
va CH
3
C C CH
3
CH CCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
, CH
3
C CCH
2
CH
3
,
Va
HC C CH CH
3
CH
3

HOAT ONG 2
GV cho HS phan loai cac
ong phan ankin , so sanh
vi cac ong phan anken
va rut ra nha xet.
T cac th du tren GV yeu
cau HS rut cach goi ten
thong thng.

GV lu cho HS Cac ankin
khong co ong phan hnh
hoc nh anken va ankaien.

(nternet).
Theo IUPAC, quy tc tn goi
ankin tuong t nhu anken, nhung
dng dui in d ch lin kt ba.

HS nhan xet cau
tao cua cac ankin,
rut ra nhan xet ve
cac loai ong
phan cua ankin, so
sanh vi anken.
3. Danh phap.
a) Ten thong thng.
Ten goc ankyl (neu nhieu
goc khac nhau thi oc
theo th t A, B, C) lien
ket vi nguyen tP C cuPa
lien ket ba axetilen.
Th du:
CH CCH
2
CH
3
propylaxetilen
CH
3
C C CH
3

imetylaxetilen

CH
3
C CCH
2
CH
3
Etylmetylaxetilen
b) Ten thay the ( Ten
IUPAC).
* Tien hanh tng t nh
oi vi anken, nhng dung
uoi in e ch lien ket ba.
* Cac ankin co lien ket ba
au mach ( dang R -
C CH) goi chung la cac ank
-1-in.
Th du
CH CCH
2
CH
3
but -1-in
CH
3
C C CH
3
but-2 -in
CH
3
C CCH
2
CH
3
pent-2-
in
HC C CH CH
3
CH
3
3-metylbut -1-in
HOAT ONG 3 II. TNH CHAT VAT L ($GK)
GV hng dan HS nghien
cu SGK va tra li cau
hoi lien quan en tnh chat
vat l trang thai; qui luat
bien oi ve nhiet o
nong chay, nhiet o soi,
khoi lng rieng; tnh tan.
GV noi them Rieng C
2
H
2

tan kha de trong axeton.
HS nghien cu SGK
(theo bang 6.2 va
T/C Vat l neu trong
trang 140 SGK) tra
li cau hoi cua
GV.
( Nh cac hirocacbon khac)
-Trang thai
- Nhiet o nong chay,
nhiet o soi
- Khoi lng rieng.
- Tnh tan.

156
HOAT ONG 4 III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
GV neu van e T ac
iem cau tao cua anken
va ankin hay d oan ve
tnh chat hoa hoc cua
ankin?

GV hng dan HS viet
PTHH cua p/ cong ankin
vi cac tac nhan H
2
, X
2
,
HX. Lu y HS p/ xay ra
theo hai giai oan lien tiep
va cung tuan theo qui tac
Mac- cop nhi-cop.
- Phan tch k phan ng
cua ankin vi HX ve ieu
kien p/, s hnh thanh
san pham, ay la nhng
phan ng the hien ng
dung cua ankin.

Nc brom mat mau.

T ac iem cau
tao cua anken va
ankin hay d oan
ve tnh chat hoa
hoc cua ankin?

HS viet PTHH cua
p/ cong ankin vi
cac tac nhan H
2
,
X
2
, HX

HS viet PTHH.

1. Phan ng cong.
a) Cong
2
vi xuc tac Ni,
t
0
.
CHCH + H
2

0
Ni,t
CH
2
=CH
2
CH
2
=CH
2
+ H
2

0
Ni,t
CH
3
-CH
3
Vi xuc tac !d/!bCO

hoac !d/ Ba$O
4
p/ dng
lai tao anken.
CHCH+H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
2
=CH
2
ng dung: phan ng
dung e /c anken t
ankin.

b) Cong bro2, clo.
CHCH + Br
2
CHBr = CHBr
1,2 -
ibrometen
CH
2
=CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br-CH
2
Br
1,1,2,2-
tetrabrometan
c) Cong ( la O, Cl, Br,
C
COO.)
+ Cong lien tiep theo hai gai
oan
CHCH +
HCl
0
t ,xt
CH
2
=CHCl

Vinylclorua
CH
2
=CHCl+ HCl
0
t ,xt
CH
3
-
CHCl
2

1,1-
icloetan
Neu (xt) thch hp p/ dng
lai san pham cha noi
oi ( dan monoclo cua
anken).
CHCH + HCl
2
0
HgCl
150-200 C
CH
2
=CHCl

Vinylclorua
Quan trong la Phan ng cong H
2
O theo t le 1
1
. J
4
HgSO
2 2 3
CH CH+H O CH = CH- OH CH - CH = O
Khong ben anehit
axetic
157
GV Cho HS xac nh bac
cacbon va viet PTHH ap
dung qui tac lay th du va
HS viet PTHH.
Vi ankin bat oi xng, phaPn ng tuan theo
qui tac ac-cop-nhi-cop.
CH
3
C CH CH
3
C = CH
2
CH
3
C CH
3
+ HCl +
HCl
Cl
Cl Cl
2,2- clopropan

GV thong bao cac phan
ng nay co ng dung
trong thc tien.
+ Tong hp cao su va ieu
che
benzen.
d) !haPn ng 2e va tri2e
hoa:
( Thuoc dang cong HX)
+ Phan ng ime hoa
vi nyl axeti len
+
CH CH
xt, t
0
CH C CH = CH
2
CH CH

+ Phan ng trime hoa
600
0
C
bot C
hay
Bezen
3CH CH

GV lam th nghiem ( nh hnh
ve 6.1 trang161 GV viet
PTHH.

CaC
2
dd AgNO
3
/NH
3
H
2
O
Ag
2
C
2
C
2
H
2

GV viet PTHH
HS quan sat, neu
hien tng
2. Phan ng the bang ion
kim Ioai.
a) Th nghie2:
Phan ng
CHCH+2AgNO
3
+2NH
3
Ag C C Ag +
2NH
4
NO
3
Bac axetilua
( Ag
2
C
2
mau vang)
b) Nhan xet:
Nguyen tP lien ket vi nguyen tP C noi
ba linh ong hn cac nguyen tP khac nen
de b thay the bang ion ki2 loai.
!haPn ng the cuPa ank-1-in vi dung dch
AgNO
/ N
giup phan biet ank-1-in vi cac

ankin khac.
HOAT ONG 5

GV cho HS viet PTHH dang
tong quat va th du cu
the.
GV lam th nghiem C
2
H
2
+
dd thuoc tm.

dd
KMnO
4
C
2
H
2
MnO
2
a b

HS viet PTHH cua
phan ng
HS viet th du
C
2
H
2
+ O
2
.

3. Phan ng oxi hoa.
a) !haPn ng oxi hoa
hoan toan.
2C
n
H
2n -2
+ (3n-1)O
2
2nCO
2

2(n-1)H
2
O
Th du
b) !haPn ng oxi hoa
khong hoan toan.

Cac ankin de lam mat
mau dung dch brom va
thuoc tm nh cac anken.
HOAT ONG 6 IV. IEU CHE
GV hng dan HS viet HS viet PTHH cua 1. Trong PTN.
158
PTHH cua phan ng ieu
che axetilen trong PTN va
trong CN.
phan ng ieu
che axetilen trong
PTN va trong CN.
CaC
2
+ 2H
2
O C
2
H
2
+
Ca(OH)
2

at en ( Canxi cacbua).
2. Trong CN. T metan.
2CH
4
0
1500 C
LLN

C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2
V. NG DUNG
GV cho HS tm hieu SGK rut
ra nhng ng dung cua
axetilen.
HS tm hieu SGK rut
ra nhng ng dung
cua axetilen.
+ Lam nhien lieu han cat,
en x.
+ Lam nguyen lieu san
xuat hoa hu c san xuat
PVC, t si tong hp, axit
hu c, este.
HOAT ONG 7 CUNG CO BAI
GV nhac lai nhng kien thc can cung co
+ Phan ng cong cua ankin, phan ng the ion kim loai, k nang viet PTHH
trong tam.
4/ Cung co:
+ Theo IUPAC, quy tc tn goi ankin tuong t nhu anken, nhung dng dui in d ch lin kt ba.
..
P rong:
Trong moi trng dung dch thuoc tm.
3C
2
H
2
+ 8KMnO
4
3K
2
C
2
O
4
+ 8MnO
2
nau en
+ 2KOH + 2H
2
O
Muoi kali oxalat
Trong moi trng axit, phan ng manh liet.
C
2
H
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 3H
2
SO
4
2CO
2
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 2MnSO
4

+ 4H
2
O
Etin
5CH
3
- CCH + 8KMnO
4
+ 12H
2
SO
4
5CH
3
COOH+ 5CO
2
+ 4K
2
SO
4
+
8MnSO
4
+12H
2
O
Propin axit axetic
Trong moi trng tren mau tm cua dung dch b nhat dan, co the mat
han mau tm.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 trang 145 $GK.
Hng dan bai tap:
1. a) Viet CTCT va
goi ten cac ankin co
CTPT C
4
H
6
va C
5
H
8

Hng dan
* C
4
H
6
CHC CH
2
CH
3
va CH
3
C C- CH
3
But- 1- in but- 2- in

* C
5
H
8
CHC CH
2
CH
2
- CH
3
, CH
3
C C- CH
2
-
CH
3
Pent-1-in pent - 2-in
CH
3
CH C CH CH
3
3-metylbut-1-i n

b) Viet CTCT cua
pent-2-
in
3-metylpent-1-
in

CH
3
C C- CH
2
- CH
3
CH C CH CH
2
CH
3
CH
3

2,5-imetylhex-3-in
CH
3
CH C C CH CH
3
CH
3
CH
3

159
2. Viet PTHH cua phan ng propin vi cac chat sau
a) H
2
co xuc tac Pd/PbCO
3
CHC CH
3
+ H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
2
=CH CH
3
b) dung dch brom d. CHC CH
3
+ Br
2
CHBr
2
CBr
2
CH
3

c) dd AgNO
3
/ NH
3
CHC CH
3
+ AgNO
3
+ NH
3
AgCC CH
3
+
NH
4
NO
3
d) hiro clorua co xt HgCl
2
CHC CH
3
+ HCl
2
HgCl
CH
2
= CCl CH
3
-----------------------------------
3. Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc
a) Phan biet axetilen vi etilen.
b) Phan biet ba bnh khong dan nhan cha moi kh khong mau sau metan,
etilen, axetilen.
Hng dan bai 3
a) Axetilen tao ket tua vang vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3

CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg + 2NH
4
NO
3
b) Phan biet axetilen theo cau a.
Phan biet etilen, dung dung dch brom, etilen lam mat mau dung dch
brom theo phan ng CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br
Con lai la kh metan ( khong lam mat mau dung dch brom)
--------------------------------
4. Cho cac chat sau metan, etilen, but-2-in va axetilen. Ket luan nao sau ay la
ung?
A. Ca 4 chat eu co kha nang lam mat mau dung dch brom.
B. Co hai chat tao ket tua vi dung dch bac trong amoniac.
C. Co ba chat co kha nang lam mat mau dung dch brom.
D. Khong co chat nao lam nhat mau dung dch kali pecmanganat

ap an C.
--------------------------------------
5. Dan 3,36 lt hon hp A gom propin va etilen i vao mot lng d dung dch
AgNO
3
trong NH
3
thay con 0,840 lit kh thoat ra va co m gam ket tua. Cac the tch
o ktc.
a) Tnh phan tram the tch etilen trong A.
b) Tnh m.
Hng dan
a) - Tong so mol hon hp kh
3,36
= 0,15mol
22, 4
. Kh thoat ra la kh etilen co so
mol la
0840
= 0, 0375 mol
22, 4
. So mol propin = 0,15 0,0375 = 0,1125 mol. Vay %VC
2
H
4
=
25,0% va % VC
3
H
4
= 75,0%.
b) m = 0,1125 x 147,0 = 16,54 gam.

----------------------------
6. Trong so cac ankin co cong thc phan t C
5
H
8
co may chat tac dung c
vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
?
A. 1 chat
B. 2 chat
C. 3 chat
D. 4 chat.
ap an B.

========================

160

BAI
33

&>N TA>!: ANKIN

27 47 oang Van oan 31/01/2008 03/3/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- Cung co kien thc ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua ankin.
- Phan biet ankan, anken, ankin bang phng phap hoa hoc.
2. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang viet ong phan, goi ten va viet phng trnh hoa hoc
minh hoa tnh
chat cua ankin.
- K nang giai cac bai tap ve hon hp hirocacbon.
II/ CHUAN B. GV Bai soan l thuyet va bai tap co noi dung kien thc lien
quan
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
I. KIEN THC CAN NAM VNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV ke bang sau vi cac
o trong. HS lan lt ien
cac thong tin theo e muc
HS lan lt ien
cac thong tin theo
e muc

ANKEN ANKIN
Cong thc chung C
n
H
2n
(n K2) C
n
H
2n-2
(n K2)
ac iem cau tao Co 1 lien ket oi C = C Co 1 lien ket ba C C
ong phan - ong phan mach
cacbon.
- ong phan v tr lien
ket oi
- Co ong phan hnh
hoc.
- ong phan mach cacbon.
- ong phan v tr lien ket
ba.
Tnh chat hoa hoc - Phan ng cong
- Phan ng oxi hoa
khong hoan toan lam
- Phan ng cong
- Phan ng the (oi vi
ankin -1)
161
mat mau dung dch
KMnO
4
- Phan ng oxi hoa khong
hoan toan lam mat mau
dung dch KMnO
4

ng dung - ieu che PE, PP va la
nguyen lieu tong hp
chat hu c khac.
- ieu che PVC, san xuat
cao su buna, nguyen lieu tong
hp chat hu c. C
2
H
2
con
dung lam nhien lieu.
S chuyen hoa lan
nhau gia ankan, anken
va ankin.

HOAT ONG 2
Bai tap: HNG DAN
1.Dn hn hp kh gm metan ,
etilen, axetilen di vao mt
lung du dung dich bac nitrat
trong dung dich amoniac. Kh
con lai c dan vao dung
dch brom (d). Neu va giai
thch cac hien tng xay ra
trong th nghiem.
------------------------
2.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc
cua cac phan ng thc
hien s o chuyen hoa
sau.
CH
4
(1)
C
2
H
2
(2)
C
4
H
4
(3)
C
4
H
6
(4)
polibutaien.
-------------------------
3.Viet phng trnh hoa hoc
cua cac phan ng t
axetilen va cac chat vvo c
can thiet ieu che cac
chat sau.
a) 1,2-icloetan
b) 1,1- icloetan
c) 1,2-ibrometan
d) buta-1,3-ien
e) 1,1,2-tribrometan
-------------------------
4. Khi thc hien phan ng
nhiet phan ieu che
axetilen thu c hon hp X
gom axetilen, hiro va metan
cha phan ng het. T
khoi cua X so vi H
2
bang
4,44. Tnh hieu suat cuat
phan ng.
-------------------------------
5. Dan 6,72 lt hon hp kh
1. C
2
H
2
phan ng tao ket tua mau vang nhat vi
dung dch AgNO
3
trong amoniac.
CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg + 2NH
4
NO
3
C
2
H
4
phan ng va lam nhat mau dung dch brom.
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br

---------------------------------
2.
(1) 2CH
4

0
1500 C
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2
(2) 2CH CH
4
0
CuCl,NH Cl
100 C
CH
2
= CH C CH
(3) CH
2
= CHCCH + H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
2
= CH- CH=
CH
2
(4) nCH
2
= CH- CH=CH
2
0
t ,p
xt

( - CH
2
CH = CH CH
2
-
)
polibutaien
------------------------------
a) CH CH + H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
2
= CH
2

CH
2
= CH
2
+ Cl
2
CH
2
Cl CH
2
Cl

( 1,2 icloetan)
b) CH CH + 2HCl
askt
CH
3
CHCl
2
( 1,1- icloetan)
c) CH CH+Br
2

1 1
CHBr = CHBr (1,2ibrometen)
d) 2CH CH
4
0
CuCl,NH Cl
100 C
CH
2
= CH C CH
CH
2
= CHCCH + H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
2
= CH- CH= CH
2
e) ) CH CH+Br
2

1 1
CHBr = CHBr
CHBr = CHBr + HBr CH
2
Br CHBr
2
( 1,1,2-
tribrometan)
-----------------------------------
4. 2CH
4

0
1500 C
C
2
H
2
+ 3H
2

Ban au n
0
(mol) 1 0 0
n
phan ng
(mol) 2a a 3a
n sau phan ng ( mol) 1-2a a 3a
Ap dung cong thc tnh phan t khoi trung bnh
4 2 2 2
CH C H H
M .(1- 2a) +M .a+M .3a
M =
1- 2a+a+3a
=
16(1- 2a) +26.a+2.3a
1- 2a+4a
=
162
gom propan, etilen va
axetilen qua dung dch brom
d, thay con 1,68 lt kh
khong b hap thu. Neu
dan 6,72 lt kh X tren qua
dung dch Bac nitrat trong
amoniac thay co 24,24 gam
ket tua. Cac the tch kh o
ieu kien tieu chuan.
a) Viet cac phng trnh hoa
hoc e giai thch qua trnh th
nghiem tren.
b) Tnh thanh phan phan
tran theo the tch va theo
khoi lng cua moi kh
trong hon hp.
16
1+2a
Mat khac
2
X/H
M = d = 2x4, 44. Suy ra
16
1+2a
= 8,88 a = 0,40. So
mol CH
4
ban au la 1 mol va so mol CH
4
phan ng
la 2a mol, nen hieu suat H=
2 x 0, 40
x100%=80%
1
.
----------------------------------------
5. Bai giai
a) Cac phan ng C
2
H
2
+ Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
2

(1)
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4
(2)
CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg + 2NH
4
NO
3
(3)

6. ot chay hoan toan 2,24
lt hirocacbon X thu c 6,72
lt CO
2
( cac the tch o
ktc). X tac dung vi dung
dch bac nitrat trong NH
3
sinh
ra ket tua Y. Cong thc
cau tao cua X la
A. CH
3
CH = CH
2
B. CHCH
C. CH
3
C CH
D. CH
2
=CH- CCH
----------------------
7. ng vi cong thc
phan t C
5
H
8
co bao nhieu
ankin ong phan cua nahu?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D.
5
b) Theo phng trnh (3) so mol C
2
H
2
la
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
Ag C
C H Ag C
Ag C
m
24,24
n = n = = = 0,1010 mol
M 240, 0

So mol C
2
H
4
la
2 4
C H
6, 72-1,68
n = - 0,1010 = 0,124 (mol )
22,4

So mol C
3
H
8
la
3 8
C H
1,68
n = = 0, 0750 mol
22, 4

Tong so mol hon hp
ho n hp
6, 72
n = = 0,300 mol
22, 4

Tnh % the tch.
%VC
2
H
2
=
0,1010
100 33, 7
0, 300
x =
%VC
2
H
4
=
0,124
x100%= 41,3%
0,300
; %V C
3
H
8
= 25,0%
Tnh % khoi Ing.
- Khoi lng cua hon hp 26. 0,101 + 28.
0,124 + . 44. 0,075 = 2,628+ 3,472 + 3,3 = 9,40
(g)
- %m C
2
H
2
= ( 2,628 x100% ) 9,4 = 27,96%
- % m C
2
H
4
= (3,472 x 100%) 9,4 = 36,94
- %m C
3
H
8
= 100% - ( 27,96 + 36,94) = 35,10%
------------------------
6. ap an C.
7. ap an A

HOAT ONG 3
4/ Bai tap ve nha Nhac nh xem bai thc hanh so 4 trang 148 SGK va
chuan b bang tng trnh th nghiem.

163

BAI
34
BAI TCC AN 4:
IEU CHE VA TNH CHAT CUA ETILEN,
AXETILEN
27
48
oang Van oan

01/02/2008
07/ 3 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc: Biet kiem chng, cung co cac kien thc ve etilen va axetilen;
cach ieu che va th tnh chat cua chung.
2. K nang: Ren luyen k nang thc hien cac th nghiem ieu che chat kh t
chat long.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Dung cu
- Ong nghiem - Ong nghiem co nhanh - Ong hut
nho giot
- Ong dan kh - Ong dan cao su - Ong thuy tinh
nhon
- Gia th nghiem - Kep ong nghiem bang go - Gia e ong
nghiem
- en con - Chau thuy tinh.
2. Hoa chat
- Etanol ( C
2
H
5
OH) khan - CaC
2
- dd AgNO
3
- dd NH
3
-Nc cat
- dd H
2
SO
4
ac - dd KMnO
4
- Cat mn
3. Gv yeu cau HS on tap nhng kien thc co lien quan en cac th nghiem
ve etilen, axetilen.
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV neu muc ch cac th nghiem trong bai thc hanh, nhng yeu cau can at
c. Lu y HS khi lam th nghiem vi H
2
SO
4
ac, cac th nghiem ot chay
C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
.

GV bieu dien cach lap dung cu th nghiem e ot chay C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
va lu y HS
on luyen mot so noi dung kien thc lien quan en bai thc hanh.
164
GV
HOAT ONG 2
Th nghiem 1: ieu che va th tnh chat cua etiIen.
GV chu y quan sat va hng
dan HS lam th nghiem, can
than khi un ong nghiem co
cha H
2
SO
4
ac, hng mieng
ong nghiem ra pha khong co
ngi.
GV
HS lam th nghiem Cach tien hanh Lap
dung cu nh hnh ve
Hoa chat
2ml C
2
H
5
OH + 4ml H
2
SO
4

ac lac eu + vai vien
a bot un t t en
khi hon hp chuyen mau

(1A)
2mI C
2
H
5
OH
4mI H
2
$O
4
am a c
abot
Bo ng tam
NaOH a c
C
2
H
4

2mI C
2
H
5
OH
4mI H
2
$O
4
a m ac
abot

dd Br
2
(1B)

2mI C
2
H
5
OH
4mI H
2
$O
4
a m ac
abot

dd KMnO
4
(1C)

en o la dau hieu sap
co kh etilen thoat ra.
Bong tam NaOH ac e
hap thu kh CO
2
, SO
2
do
phan ng phu gia
H
2
SO
4
vi C
2
H
5
OH tao ra.
HOAT ONG 3
Th nghiem 2. ieu che va th tnh chat cua axetiIen
GV hoac co the hng dan HS
thc hien th nghiem co nhanh
nh hnh ve 6.5 va hnh 6.6 SGK
trang 170.

2A

2B

Lu y HS nen bo i lng kh
HS lam th nghiem
nh hng dan
trong SGK
Cach tien hanh
- Nc khoang
1ml.
- CaC
2
mau nho
(hat bap)
- Cac dung dch
brom hoac thuoc
tm phai loang.

2C
dd
KMnO
4

165
ban au, v con cha khong
kh.
- Cac phan ng cua C
2
H
2
vi
dd brom va thuoc tm cham hn
so vi C
2
H
4
.

2D

dd
AgNO
3
/NH
3

GV hng dan HS thu don dung cu, hoa chat , ve sinh phong th nghiem. GV
nhan xet va rut kinh nghiem buoi thc hanh, giao nhiem vu cho HS chuan b
tiet hoc sau va hng dan HS viet tng trnh nop.
4/ Ve nha: Xem bai hoc mi: CHNG 7. HIROCACBON THM
NGUON HIROCACBON TRONG THIEN NHIEN
HE THONG HOA VE HIROCACBON
($GK TRANG 172 )

KIEM TRA
45 PHUT
28
49
oang Van oan

07/02/2008
10/3/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

- ham anh gia chat lng day va hoc cua giao vien va hoc sinh va
s phoi hp trong hoat ong day hoc.
- anh gia tnh hnh oi tng hoc sinh, e co bien phap uon nan kp
thi.
- Cai tien phng phap day va hoc cua giao vien va hoc sinh.

II/ CHUAN B. Noi dung bai kiem tra.

III/PHNG PHAP. Trac nghiem va t luan.

IV/ HNH THC THC HIEN. Kiem tra chung toan trng

166

SGAO DUC & AO TAO GA LA HOC KY - NAM HOC 2007 - 2008
Trng THPT Ba n cong Phan Boi Cha u KEM TRA MON HOAHOC. LP 11.
--------------- TH GAN 45 phut (Khong keathi gi an phat e)
Hovate n hoc sinh...................................... (Bai so1)
Lp 11B....... Ngay..... tha ng 03 nam 2008
i e m Li phecua Tha y, Cogi ao

A.!han trac nghie2 (6 diem) :
I.TraP li trac nghie2 : So th t cau tra li di ay ng vi so th t
cau trac nghiem trong e. oi vi moi cau trac nghiem, hoc sinh ch chon
2ot y ung trong cac y A, B, C va D tng ng moi cau.
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12

II. Cau hoPi trac nghie2:
Cau 1. Cong thc nao sau ay tng ng vi day ong ang ankan C
n
H
2n + 2
A. C
6
H
6
, C
4
H
4
B. C
3
H
8
, C
4
H
6
C. C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
8
D. C
6
H
6
, C
6
H
12

Cau 2. Hp chat nao thuoc day ong ang ankin ?
A. C
2
H
2
B. C
8
H
8
C. C
4
H
4
D.C
6
H
6

Cau 3. Cho mo t ankan coco ng th c .Ten goi nao sau ay u ng nhat ? CH
3
- CH - CH
C
2
H
5
CH
3
CH
3

A. 2- etyl-3-metylbutan B. 2,3 imetylpentan
C. 1-isopropyl-2-etyletan D. isoheptan
Cau 4. Trong cac chat di ay chat nao co nhiet o soi thap nhat
A. Butan B. Etan C. Metan D. Propan
Cau 5. Phan ng ac trng cua hirocacbon no la
A. Phan ng cong B. Phan ng tach C. Phan ng the D.
Phan ng phan huy
Cau 6. Chat nao khong tac dung vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong amoniac ?
A. But1-in B. But 2- in C. Propin D. Etin
Cau 7. Khi ot chay hoan toan ankin th
A.
2
H O
n <
2
CO
n B.
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n C.
2
H O
n =2
2
CO
n D.
2
H O
n =
2
CO
n
Cau 8. Hirocacbon nao sau ay trung hp cho cao su
CH
3
- CH- CH
2
-CH
3
Cl
A.

CH
2
= CH - C = CH
2
CH
3
B.

CH
2
= CH - CH = CH
2
C.

D. B vaC

Cau 9. ng vi cong thc phan t C
5
H
10
co bao nhieu anken ong phan cau
tao?
A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7
Cau 10. Lien ket oi trong phan t anken gom
167
A. Hai lien ket 0 B. Mot lien ket 0 (xich ma) va mot lien
ket 6 (pi).
C. Hai lien ket 6 D. Lien cong hoa tr.
Cau 11. e phan biet etan va eten, dung phan ng nao la thuan tien nhat ?
A. Phan ng cong brom B. Phan ng cong hiro
C. Phan ng ot chay D. Phan ng trung hp
Cau 12. Oxi hoa hoan toan 0,68 gam ankaien X thu c 1,120 lt CO
2
( ktc). Vay
cong thc phan t cua X la A. C
3
H
4
B. C
4
H
6
C. C
5
H
8

D. C
6
H
10

B.!han t luan (4 diem) :
1. Co ba chat kh la propan, propen va propin ng rieng biet trong ba bnh khong
nhan. Hay trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc e nhan biet tng kh trong moi bnh.
Viet cac phan ng hoa hoc minh hoa ( neu co).
2. ot chay hoan toan 5,40 g mot ankaien lien hp X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2

(ktc).
a) Hay xac nh cong thc phan t , cong thc cau tao va goi ten X.
b) Viet phng trnh phan ng trung hp kieu 1,4 cua X vi ieu kien nhiet
o, ap suat thch hp va xuc tac la (Na).
c) Viet phng trnh ieu che X t ankan hoac anken tng ng.
Het
Bai giai
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Trng THPT Ban cong Phan Boi Chau KEM TRA MON HOAHOC. LP 11.
--------------- TH GAN 45 phu t (Kho ng keathi gi an phat e)
Hovaten hoc sinh...................................... (Bai so1)
Lp 11B....... Ngay..... thang 03 nam 2008
i em Li phecua Thay, Cogi a o
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12

Cau 1. Mot ankan co 28 nguyen t H. So nguyen t cacbon va cong thc phan t
ankan o la
A. 15 va C
15
H
28
B. 14 va C
14
H
28
C.13 va C
13
H
28
D. 16 va C
16
H
28

Cau 2. C
n
H
2n -2
la cong thc chung cua
169
A. Ankaien B. Ankan C. Anken D. Xicloankan

Cau 3. Hp chat sau ay co ten
g?

C
2
H
5
CH
3
CH
3

A. 1-etyl-4,5-imetylxiclohexan B. 1etyl-3,4 imetylxiclohexan
C. 1,2 imetyl-4-etylxiclohexan D. 4-etyl-1,2-imetylxiclohexan
Cau 4. Chat nao co nhiet o soi cao nhat ?
A. Eten B. But-1-en C. Pent -1-en D. Propen
Cau 5. Hp chat nao sau ay cong hp H
2
tao thanh isopentan ?
A. CH
2
= CH CH = CH CH
3
B. CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH = CH
2

C. CH
2
= CH - C = CH
2
CH
3

D.

Cau 6 . Cho phan ng HC = CH + HCl .San pham nao sau a y lau ng nhat ?
t
0
1 mol
2 mol

A. CH
2
= CH Cl B. CH
3
CHCl
2
C. CH
2
Cl CH
2
Cl D. C
2
H
3
Cl
Cau 7. Khi ot chay hoan toan anken va xicloankan th
A.
2
H O
n =
2
CO
n B.
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n C.
2
H O
n =2
2
CO
n D.
2
H O
n <
2
CO
n
Cau 8. un nong hoac chieu sang hon hp propan vi hi brom phan ng xay ra theo
chieu hng nao sau ay la ung nhat? CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
+ Br
2

A. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
Br B. CH
3
CHBr

CH
3

C. CH
2
Br CH
2
CH
3
D. CH
3
CH
2
CHBr
2

Cau 9. Vi ieu kien nhiet o, xuc tac thch hp ngi ta co the ieu che buta-1,3-
ien va isopren t
A. Khong kh va hi nc B. Xiclobutan va metylxiclopetan
C. Butan va isopentan D. Ca A, B va C.
Cau 10. ng vi cong thc phan t C
5
H
10
co bao nhieu anken ong phan cau tao?
A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 7
Cau 11. Chat nao sau ay lam mat mau dung dch brom?
A. butan B. cacbon ioxit C. but -1- en D. metylpropan.
Cau 12.Mot ankan co thanh phan %C = 81,81% co cong thc phan t nao sau ?.
A. C
2
H
6
B. C
3
H
8
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
5
H
12

1. Co ba chat kh etan, eten va etin ng rieng biet trong ba bnh khong nhan. Hay
trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc e nhan biet tng kh trong moi bnh. Viet cac
phan ng hoa hoc minh hoa ( neu co).
2. ot chay hoan toan 4,0 g mot ankin Y thu c 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
a) Hay xac nh cong thc phan t , cong thc cau tao va goi ten Y.
b) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua Y vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
c) Hay e xuat phng trnh ieu che propen t Y.
Het
Bai giai
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171
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12

Cau 1. Cac ankan khong tham gia loai phan ng nao ?
A. Phan ng the B. Phan ng cong C. Phan ng tach D.
Phan ng chay.
Cau 2. Goc nao la ankyl ?
A. C
3
H
5
B. C
6
H
5
C. C
2
H
3
D. C
2
H
5

Cau 3. Cho mo t anken CH
3
- CH = C - CH
3
coten goi nao sau a y ung nhat ?
CH
3

A. isopenten B. 3metylbut -2-en C. 2metylbut-2-en D. isopentan
Cau 4. Trong cac chat di ay chat nao co nhiet o soi thap nhat
A. Butan B. Etan C. Propan D. Metan
Cau 5. Cong thc phan t nao phu hp vi penten ?
A. C
5
H
8
B. C
5
H
10
C. C
5
H
12
D. C
3
H
6

Cau 6. Co 4 chat metan, etilen, but-1-in, va but-2-in. Trong 4 chat o, co may
chat tac dung c vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong amoniac tao thanh ket tua ?
A. 4 chat B. 3 chat C. 2 chat D. 1 chat
Cau 7. Khi ot chay hoan toan ankan th
A.
2
H O
n =
2
CO
n B.
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n C.
2
H O
n =2
2
CO
n D.
2
H O
n <
2
CO
n
Cau 8. Chat nao khong tac dung vi Br
2
(tan trong CCl
4
).
A. But -1-in B. But- 1-en C. Xiclobutan D. Xiclopropan
Cau 9. e ieu che kh axetilen trong phong th nghiem, ngi ta tien hanh
A. Cho canxicacbua tac dung vi nc B. un nong metan 1500
0
C va
lam lanh nhanh.
C. Tien hanh tach H
2
t kh etylen D. Cho cacbon tac dung vi hiro.
Cau 10. Xicloankan C
5
H
10
co bao nhieu ong phan.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cau 11. Cong thc cau tao cua mot xicloankan co t khoi so vi hiro
la
2
H
d = 21co dang nao sau ay?
A.

B.

C.

D.

Cau 12. Cac chi tiet may moc hoac o dung b dnh ban dau m ngi ta
dung chat nao sau ay e ra? A. Xa nc that nhieu
B. Dung xa phong
172
C. Dung xang hoac dau hoa D. Dung nc muoi
loang.
1. Co ba chat kh la etan, but-1-en va but -1- in ng rieng biet trong ba bnh khong
2. ot chay hoan toan 5,40 g mot ankaien lien hp X thu c 8,96 lt kh CO
2

(ktc).
a) Hay xac nh cong thc phan t , cong thc cau tao va goi ten X.
b) Viet phng trnh phan ng trung hp kieu 1,4 cua X vi ieu kien nhiet
o, ap suat thch hp va xuc tac la (Na).
c) Viet phng trnh ieu che X t ankan hoac anken tng ng.
Het
Bai giai
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Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12

Cau 1. Day ong ang hirocacbon co cong thc chung C
n
H
2n
thuoc ve
A. Day ong ang anken B. Day ong ang xicloankan
C. Day ong ang ankaien D. Ca A va B
Cau 2. Cho cac chat sau

A. CH
2
= C - CH
3
CH
3
C.CH
2
= CH - CH= CH
2
B. CH= C - CH - CH
3
CH
3
D.
Cl
CH
2
= C - CH = CH
2

Chat nao thuoc day ong ang C
n
H
2n -2
( n K2) ?
174
Cau 3. Chon ten goi ung nhat cu a cha t sau a y
CH
2
= C - CH = CH
2
CH
3

A. isopren B. penta -1,3- ien C. 2 metylbuta -1,3 -ien D. A va C ung.
Cau 4. Chat nao co nhiet o soi cao nhat ?
A. Pent -1-en B. But-1-en C. Eten D. Propen
Cau 5. Phan ng hoa hoc ac trng cua anken la
a) Phan ng cong b) Phan ng tach c) Phan ng oxi hoa d) Phan
ng the
e) Phan ng trung hp.
A. a, b, c B. c, d, e C. a, c, e D. a, b, d
Cau 6. Trong so cac ankin co cong thc phan t C
5
H
8
co may chat tac dung c vi
dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
? A. 1 chat B. 2 chat C. 3 chat
D. 4 chat
Cau 7. Khi ot chay hoan toan ankaien th
A.
2
H O
n =
2
CO
n B.
2
H O
n >
2
CO
n C.
2
H O
n <
2
CO
n D.
2
H O
n =2
2
CO
n
Cau 8. Trong phong th nghiem, e ieu che metan, ngi phai dung
A. CaCO
3
, CH
3
COONa, en con. B. CH
3
COONa, NaOH, CaO, en con.
C. HCOONa, NaOH, CaO, en con. D. Na
2
CO
3
, NaOH, CaO, en con.
Cau 9. So ong phan cua C
6
H
14
la
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 5
Cau 10. Chat nao khong tac dung vi Br
2
(tan trong CCl
4
).
A. But -1-in B. But- 1-en C. Xiclobutan D. Xiclopropan
Cau 11. Cac chi tiet may moc hoac o dung b dnh ban dau m ngi ta dung chat
nao sau ay e ra?
A. Xa nc that nhieu B. Dung xa phong
C. Dung xang hoac dau hoa D. Dung nc muoi loang.
Cau 12. Mot ankan co t kho oi vi hiro la 15. Cong thc phan t cua ankan o
la
A. C
2
H
6
B. C
3
H
8
C. C
4
H
10
D. C
5
H
12

1. Co ba chat kh la butan, but-1-in va but -2- in ng rieng biet trong ba bnh khong
2. ot chay hoan toan 4,0 g mot ankin Y thu c 6,72 lt kh CO
2
(ktc).
a) Hay xac nh cong thc phan t , cong thc cau tao va goi ten Y.
b) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua Y vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
.
c) Hay e xuat phng trnh ieu che propen t Y.

Het
Bai giai
1)..............................................................
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2)
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AP AN
E 1
176
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12
C A B C C B A D C B A C

Bai giai (1,5 iem)
1) propan : C
3
H
8

propen : CH
3
- CH= CH
2

propin : CH
3
- C CH
- Trc tien, cho lan lt tng kh i qua dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Kh nao
tao ket tua mau vang nhat la kh propin. Phan ng
CH
3
CCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
CH
3
C CAg + NH
4
NO
3
mau vang nhat

- Hai kh con lai, cho lan lt tng kh i qua bnh ng nc brom loang. Kh
nao lam mat mau nc brom la kh propen. Phan ng
CH
3
CH= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
3
CHBr CH
2
Br
- Kh con lai la propan.
0,25

0,5
0,25

0,5
2) ( 2,5 iem)
a)Phan ng ot chay hoan toan ankanien X
C
n
H
2n 2
+
3n-1
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ ( n-1) H
2
O
Theo phan ng (14n 2) (g) n (mol)
Theo bai 5,40 (g)
8,96
= 0,4 (mol)
22,4

Lap t so
14n- 2 n
=
5,40 0, 4
n = 4
Cong thc phan t cua X C
4
H
6
V X la ankaien lien hp nen cong thc cau tao la CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2

Buta -1,3- ien

0,5

0,5

0,5
b) Phan ng trung hp
n CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
t
0
, xt
p
CH
2
CH = CH CH
2

n
polibutaien

0,5
c) T butan CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

0
t ,xt
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ 2H
2

Hoac t butilen CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3

0
t ,xt
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ H
2

( $ ch can viet 1 trong 2 phaPn ng tren)

0,5

AP AN
-- -- E 2-- --
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12
C A D C C B A B C B C B

177
Bai giai (1,5 iem)
1) etan : C
2
H
6

eten : H
2
C= CH
2

etin : HCCH
- Trc tien, cho lan lt tng kh i qua dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Kh nao
tao ket tua mau vang nhat la kh etin. Phan ng
HC CH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg + 2NH
4
NO
3
mau vang nhat
nao lam mat mau nc brom la kh eten. Phan ng
CH
2
= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
2
Br CH
2
Br
- Kh con lai la etan.
0,25

0,5
0,25

0,5
2) ( 2,5 iem)
a)Phan ng ot chay hoan toan ankanien Y
C
n
H
2n 2
+
3n-1
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ ( n-1) H
2
O
Theo bai 4,0 (g)
6,72
= 0,3 (mol)
22,4

Lap t so
14n- 2 n
=
4,0 0,3
n = 3
3
H
4
V X la ankin nen ong thc cau tao cua X la CH
3
CH CH
(propin)

0,5

0,5

0,5
b) CH
3
- C CH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
CH
3
-C CAg + NH
4
NO
3
0,5
c) Phng trnh ieu che propen t Y.
CH
3
- C CH + H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
3
CH = CH
2

0,5

AP AN
-- -- -- E 3 -- -- --
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12
B D C D B D B C A C D C

Bai giai
1) etan : C
2
H
6
,
but -1 -en :CH
3
- CH
2
- CH= CH
2

but -1 -in :CH
3
- CH
2
- CCH
178
- Trc tien cho lan lt tng kh i qua dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Kh nao
tao ket tua mau vang nhat la kh but -1-in. Phan ng
CH
3
CH
2
CCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
CH
3
CH
2
C CAg +
NH
4
NO
3
mau vang nhat

nao lam mat mau nc brom la kh but-1-en. Phan ng
CH
3
CH
2
CH= CH
2
+ Br
2
CH
3
CH
2
CHBr CH
2
Br
- Kh con lai la etan.
0,25

0,5
0,25

0,5
2)
a)Phan ng ot chay hoan toan ankanien X
C
n
H
2n 2
+
3n-1
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ ( n-1) H
2
O
Theo bai 5,40 (g)
8,96
= 0,4 (mol)
22,4

Lap t so
14n- 2 n
=
5,40 0, 4
n = 4
4
H
6
V X la ankaien lien hp nen cong thc cau tao la CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2

Buta -1,3- ien

0,5

0,5

0,5
b) Phan ng trung hp
n CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
t
0
, xt
p
CH
2
CH = CH CH
2

n
polibutaien

0,5
c) T butan CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
3

0
t ,xt
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ 2H
2

Hoac t butilen CH
2
= CH CH
2
CH
3

0
t ,xt
CH
2
= CH CH = CH
2
+ H
2

( $ ch can viet 1 trong 2 phaPn ng tren)
0,5

AP AN
E 4
Bai giai
Cau
1
Cau
2
Cau
3
Cau
4
Cau
5
Cau
6
Cau
7
Cau
8
Cau
9
Cau
10
Cau
11
Cau
12
D B D A C B C B D C C A

Bai giai
1) (1,5 iem)
Butan : C
4
H
10

But -1 -in : CH
3
- CH
2
- HCCH
But -2 -in : CH
3
- C C - CH
3

- Dan lan lt tng kh i qua dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
. Kh nao tao ket 0,25
179
tua mau vang nhat la kh but -1 -in . Phan ng
CH
3
- CH
2
- HCCH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
CH
3
- CH
2
- HCCAg + NH
4
NO
3
mau vang nhat

nao lam mat mau nc brom la kh but -2 -in . Phan ng

CH
3
- CC - CH
3
+ Br
2
CH
3
CBr=CBr - CH
3

( hoac CH
3
- CC - CH
3
+ 2Br
2
CH
3
CBr
2
CBr
2
- CH
3
)
( ch tnh iem cho 1 p/)
- Kh con lai la butan .

0,5

0,25

0,5
2) ( 2,5 iem)
a)Phan ng ot chay hoan toan ankanien Y
C
n
H
2n 2
+
3n-1
2
O
2
nCO
2
+ ( n-1) H
2
O
Theo bai 4,0 (g)
6,72
= 0,3 (mol)
22,4

Lap t so
14n- 2 n
=
4,0 0,3
n = 3
3
H
4
V X la ankin nen cong thc cau tao X la CH
3
CH CH
(propin)

0,5

0,5

0,5
b) CH
3
- C CH + AgNO
3
+ NH
3
CH
3
-C CAg + NH
4
NO
3
0,5
c) Phng trnh ieu che propen t Y.
CH
3
- C CH + H
2

0
3
Pd/PbCO ,t
CH
3
CH = CH
2

0,5

CHNG 7: HIROCACBON THM. NGUON HROCACBON
THIEN NHIEN. HE THONG HOA VE HROCACBON

BAI 35
BENZEN VA ONG ANG
MOT $O HIROCACBON THM KHAC
28
50
oang Van oan

04/02/2008
14 / 3/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

$ biet:
- ac iem cau tao cua benzen, viet CTCT va goi ten mot so hirocacbon
thm n gian.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua benzen va ong ang.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua stiren va naphtalen.
$ hieu:
2. Cau tao ac biet cua vong benzen cau truc phang va phan t co hnh
luc giac eu, co he
lien ket 6 lien hp la nguyen nhan dan en benzen the hien tnh chat
cua hirocacbon
no va khong no.
180
$ van dung:
- Viet c cac PTHH minh hoa tnh chat hoa hoc cua benzen va ong
ang.
- Phan nbiet benzen, ong ang cua benzen vi cac hidrocacbon khac.

II/ CHUAN B.
Dung cu ua thuy tinh, ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem.
Hoa chat Benzen, H
2
SO
4
ac, HNO
3
ac, nc lanh, dung dch Br
2
trong CCl
4
.
Mo hnh phan t benzen.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:

Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS nghien cu
phan m au va rut ra
cac nhan xet
GV hoi
Hirocacbon thm la g?

HS nghien cu
phan m au rut
ra cac nhan xet
HS
- Hirocacbon thm la
nhng hirocacbon
trong phan t cha
mot hay nhieu
vong benzen.
($GK tr 149 -150)

- Hirocacbon thm c
chia thanh may loai?
- Hirocacbon thm
c chia thanh hai
loai
* Loai co mot vong
benzen, loai co nhieu
vong benzen va co
nhieu ng dung trong
CN hoa chat.

3. BENZEN VA ONG ANG
HOAT ONG 2
181
GV neu yeu cau benzen
co CTPT C
6
H
6
la chat
ng au day ong
ang, hay viet Ctchung
cua day ong ang cua
benzen.
GV
HS tra li va viet
CT chung cua day
ong ang.
- HS xem them bang
7.1 SGK trang 151 .
Ve cach viet CT,
goi ten theo cach
thong thng va
ten thay the, mot
so thong so vat
ly.

I. ONG ANG, ONG
PHAN
DANH PHAP, CAU TAO.

4. Day ong dang cua
benzen
CTPT CTCT
C
6
H
6

C
7
H
8

CH
3

... ..
CT chung: C
n
H
2n - 6
( nK6)
2. ong phan , danh phap.
CTPT
C
6
H
6
C
7
H
8
C
8
H
10

CTCT

CH
3

C
2
H
5

1
2
CH
3
CH
3

1
2
CH
3
3
CH
3

1
2
CH
3
3
CH
3
4

Ten
thong
thng
Benze
n
Toluen
ortho xilen
(o-xilen)
meta xilen
(m-xilen)
para xilen
(p-xilen)
Ten thay
the ( ten
he
thong)
metylbenze
n
etylbenze
n
1,2-
imetylbenzen
(o-
imetylbenzen)
1,3-imetylbenzen
(m-imetylbenzen)
1,4-imetylbenzen
(p-imetylbenzen)
Chu y oi vi ten he thong: Neu vong benzen co nhieu nhanh ( the) phai
anh so v tr cac nhom the sao cho tong so v tr cac nhom the la nho nhat .
Cac nhom the oc theo th t A, B, C cua ch cai au goc ankyl. ( SGK trang
152).
GV gii thieu hai cong
thc cau tao cua benzen.
GV thong bao them Hnh
luc giac eu , cac
nguyen t eu nam trong
mat phang goi la mat
phang phan t.
HS viet hai cong
thc cau tao cua
benzen.

5. Cau tao. oi vi
benzen
hay

II. TNH CHAT VAT L ($GK)
GV Y/C HS oc SGK trang
152.
HS oc SGK e biet
ve tnh chat vat l
cua hirocacbon
thm.
- Cac hirocacbon thm eu la
chat long hoac ran. Co t
s
, t
nc
tang theo M.
- Cac hirocacbon thm the
long thng co mui ac
trng, nhe t tan, co k/nang tan
trong dung moi hu c.

6. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
HOAT ONG 3
182
GV hng dan HS phan
tch ac iem cau tao
phan t benzen va ong
ang t o xac nh
c hai trung tam phan
ng la vong benzen va
mach nhanh ankyl.

nh hng dan SGK
trang153. Chu y dung
giay qu tam t e tren
ong nghiem e phat
hien HBr.

benzen
bot sat
dd brom
giay
qu t
a) b)

GV hoi Benzen co phan
ng vi brom khong?
Neu co, phan ng xay
ra trong ieu kien nao?
HS phan tch ac
iem cau tao
phan t benzen va
ong ang t o
xac nh c hai
trung tam phan ng
la vong benzen va
mach nhanh ankyl
HS quan sat, nhan
xet hien tng va
tra li cau hoi
(Benzen co phan
ng vi brom
khong? Neu co,
phan ng xay ra
trong ieu kien
nao?)

Di s hng dan
cua GV
HS viet cac phan
ng cua benzen,
toluen vi brom.
HS quan sat, nhan
xet hien tng
phan ng.

1. Phan ng the.
a) The nguyen t H cua
vong benzen.
* Phan ng vi halogen.
Br
+ Br
2

Bot sa t
+ HBr
brombenzen benzen

oi vi toIuen.
Toluen
Br
Br
CH
3
+Br
2
, Fe
- HBr
CH
3
CH
3
2-bromtol uen
(o - bromtoluen)
(41%)
(59%)
4-bromtol uen
(p - bromtoluen)

**Phn ng vi axit nitric
NO
2
+ HNO
3
(a c)
H
2
SO
4
a c
+ H
2
O
ni trobenzen benzen

Trong /k tren toluen ( hoac cac
ankylbenzen ) the chu yeu v tr
ortho va para so vi v tr nhom
ankyl.
oi vi toIuen:
(42%)
H
2
SO
4
ac
HNO
3
ac
- H
2
O
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
NO
2
NO
2
2- ni trotol uen
(o -ni trro tl uen)
2- ni trotol uen
(o -ni trro tl uen)
(58%)
tol uen

Qui tac the: Cac ankyIbenzen de tham
gia p/ the nguyen t H cua vong
benzen hn benzen va s the u tien v
tr ortho va para so vi v tr nhom
ankyI.
benzen phan ng vi axit
nitric ( nh hnh ve tren)

GV cho HS oc qui tac the
trong SGK trang 154.
HS viet PTHH cua
phan ng gia
benzen va toluen
vi HNO
3

HS nhan xet san
pham cua pham
phan ng cua
toluen vi brom va
HNO
3
t o rut ra
quy tac the.

183
GV gi y HS viet PTHH cua
phan ng the nguyen t H
trong mach nhanh cua cac
ankylbenzen tng t ankan
HS viet PTHH. The nguyen t H cua mach
nhanh.
CH
3 + Br
2
t
0
CH
2
Br + HBr
benzyl bromua

HOAT ONG 4
GV gi y HS viet PTHH va
lu y en ieu kien cua
phan ng.

GV hng dan HS viet
PTHH cong benzen vi clo.

tao ra 1,2,3,4,5,6 -hexacloxicl ohexan
C
6
H
6
Cl
6
(con goi hexacloran)
Bot trang cu a

HS quan sat,
nhan xet hien
tng phan ng.

Di s hng
dan cua GV HS
viet PTHH cua
phan ng.
2. Phang cong.
a) Cong hiro.
+ 3H
2
t
0
, Ni
benzen
xi clohexan

b) Cong clo
+ Cl
2
a nh sa ng
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
hexacloran

Hay (666)
HOAT ONG 5
GV tien hanh th nghiem
nh hng dan SGK. Di
s hng dan cua GV HS
viet PTHH cua phan ng
oxi hoa khong hoan toan
toluen.
1 ml
benzen
1 ml dd
KMnO
4
l a c nhe
un nong
1 ml
benzen
Khong
p/
Khong
p/

1 ml
toluen
1 ml dd
KMnO
4
lac nhe
un nong
1 ml
tol uen
Khong
p/
Co
p/

HS quan sat,
nhan xet hien
tng phan ng
Di s hng
dan cua GV HS
viet PTHH cua
phan ng oxi
hoa khong hoan
toan toluen.
3. Phan ng oxi hoa.

a) !haPn ng oxi hoa khong
hoan toan.
CH
3
+2KMnO
4
t
0
Cach
thuy
COOK + 2MnO
2
+
KOH H
2
O +
Kal i benzoat

HS viet PTHH cua
phan ng ot
chay hirocacbon
thm.

b) !haPn ng oxi hoa hoan
toan.

C
n
H
2n -6
+
3 n- 3
2
O
2

0
t
nCO
2
+ (n-3) H
2
O
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7 trang 160 SGK.

BAI 35
BENZEN VA ONG ANG
MOT $O HIROCACBON THM KHAC
184

29
51
oang Van oan

09/02/2008
17/ 3/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

$ biet:
- ac iem cau tao cua benzen, viet CTCT va goi ten mot so hirocacbon
thm n gian.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua benzen va ong ang.
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua stiren va naphtalen.
$ hieu:
- Cau tao ac biet cua vong benzen cau truc phang va phan t co hnh
luc giac eu, co he
lien ket 6 lien hp la nguyen nhan dan en benzen the hien tnh chat
cua hirocacbon
no va khong no.
$ van dung:
- Viet c cac PTHH minh hoa tnh chat hoa hoc cua benzen va ong
ang.
- Phan biet benzen, ong ang cua benzen vi cac hidrocacbon khac.

II/ CHUAN B.
Dung cu ua thuy tinh, ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem.
Hoa chat Benzen, H
2
SO
4
ac, HNO
3
ac, nc lanh, dung dch Br
2
trong CCl
4
.
Mo hnh phan t benzen.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

CUA H$
NOI DUNG
B. MOT VAI HIROCACBON THM KHAC
I. $TIREN
HOAT ONG 1:
GV hoi Stiren co cong
thc phan t la C
8
H
8

va co mot vong
benzen, cha mot lien
ket oi ngoai vong
benzen hay viet CTCT
cua stiren.
HS viet CTCT cua
stiren.
1. Cau tao va tnh chat vat I.
* Cau tao.
- CTPT C
8
H
8
-
Phan t co cau tao phang
- CTCT C
6
H
5
CH= CH
2
hoac
CH CH
2

185
GV GV yeu cau HS
nghien cu SGK e
biet ve tnh chat vat l
cua stiren.
HS nghien cu
SGK e biet ve
tnh chat vat l
cua stiren.
** %Jnh chat vat lJ:
Chat long khong mau, nhe hn
nc, khong tan trong nc. Soi
146
0
C, tan nhieu trong dung moi
hu c.
HOAT ONG 2

GV at cau hoi Em
hay so sanh cau tao
cua phan t stiren vi
cac hirocacbon a
hoc. T o nhan xet
ve tnh chat hoa hoc
cua stiren.
GV cho d oan hien
tng hoa hoc se xay
ra nh the nao?

GV yeu cau HS oc
ten cac san pham
nay.

GV thong bao them
stiren cung tham gia
phan ng the vong
benzen va lam mat
mau dung dch thuoc
tm.
HS so sanh cau
tao cua phan t
stiren vi cac
hirocacbon a
hoc. T o nhan
xet ve tnh chat
hoa hoc cua
strren.

HS viet PTHH gia
stiren vi dung dch
brom, vi H
2
va
phan ng trung
hp.
2. Tnh chat hoa hoc.
$trren va co tnh chat giong
anken va co tnh chat benzen.
Phan ng cong va phan ng
trung hp.
* Giong anken:
a) !haPn ng vi dung dch
bro2.
C
6
H
5
CH CH
2
Br Br
C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ Br
2

b) !haPn ng vi hiro.
CH CH
2
+

H
2
t
0
,xt,p
CH
2
CH
3
+

t
0
,xt,p
3H
2
CH
2
CH
3

c) !haPn ng trung hp.
t
0
,xt,p
CH CH
2
CH CH
2
n
n
pol istirren

Stiren dung e che tao cao su
Buna S, che tao knh oto, ong
tiem, nha trao oi ion.
II. NAPHTALEN ( bang phien)
HOAT ONG 3
GV a ra CTCT vong
cua naphtalen va yeu
cau HS viet CTPT.

GV lam th nghiem
naphtalen thang hoa.

Gia y
a m
Bong
NaphtaIen
tha ng hoa
Tgia y co
uc Io
NaphtaIen

HS viet CTPT suy ra
t CTPT.

HS quan sat va
nghien cu SGK
rut ra tnh chat vat
l cua naphtalen.
1. Cau tao va tnh chat vat I.
- CTPT C
10
H
8
- Phan t co cau tao phang.
- CTCT

hoac

Naphtalen la chat ran, nong
chat 80
0
C, tan trong benzen, ete.
co tnh thang hoa.
(SGK)

HOAT ONG 4
GV Da tren cau tao Da tren cau tao 2. Tnh chat hoa hoc.
186
phan t cua naphtalen,
GV yeu cau HS nhan
xet ve tnh chat hoa
hoc cua naphtalen
o la Naphtalen co
tnh chat hoa hoc tng
t benzen, tham gia phan
ng the, cong va
khong lam mat mau
dung dch KMnO
4
.
GV lu y HS Phan ng
the cua naphtalen de
dang hn so vi ben zen
va thng u tien vao
v tr so 1; Phan ng
cong H
2
d tao ra ecalin
la dung moi qu.
phan t cua
naphtalen. HS nhan
xet ve tnh chat
hoa hoc cua
naphtalen

HS viet PTHH minh
hoa.
Naphtalen co tnh chat hoa hoc
tng t benzen, tham gia phan
ng the, cong va khong lam
mat mau dung dch KMnO
4

ieu kien thng.
a) !haPn ng the.
Phan ng the cua naphtalen de
dang hn so vi benzen va
thng u tien vao v tr so 1.
+ Br
2
t
0
, xt
Br
+
HBr
1-bromnaphtalen naphtalen

naphtalen
+HNO
3
NO
2
+
H
2
O
1-nitronaphtalen
H
2
SO
4
t
0

b) !haPn ng cong
2
khi co
xuc tac
+2H
2
t
0
, xt
naphtalen
tetralin ecalin
t
0
, xt
+3H
3

C. NG DUNG CUA MOT $O HIROCACBON THM
HOAT ONG 5 ($GK trang 158 -159)
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK, rut ra nhan xet.
GV
HS nghien cu
SGK, rut ra nhan
xet.
- Benzen va toluen lam
nguyen lieu cho CN hoa
hoc.
Nguon cung cap benzen va toluen
chu yeu t nha than a va t
hexan, heptan.
- Stiren lam monome e
san xuat chat deo, cao
su.
- Naphtalen lam nguyen
lieu e sam xuat
pham nhuom. Dc
pham.
HOAT ONG 6
4/ Cung co: Kien thc trong tam can cung co
+ Cau tao vong cua benzen.
+ Phan ng the cua benzen va ong ang
+ Tnh chat cua mot so hirocacbon thm.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: Bai 8 en bai 13 trang 160 161 SGK.

HNG DAN CAC BAI TAP $GK.
187
1. ng vi cong thc phan t C
8
H
10
co bao nhieu ong phan hiro cacbon
thm?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Bai giai:
etylbenzen
1,2-imetyl benzen
(o -imetyl benzen
hay o - xilen)
1,4-imetylbenzen
(p -imetylbenzen
hay p - xil en)
1,3-imetyl benzen
(m - imetylbenzen
hay m - xilen)
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
3
4
CH
3

2. Benzen va toIuen phan ng c vi chat nao sau ay:
(1) dung dch brom trong CCI
4
;
(2) dung dch kaIi pemanganat;
(3) hiroco xuc tac niken, un nong.
(4) Br
2
co bot Fe, un nong.
Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac phan ng xay ra.
Bai giai:
Benzen ToIuen
1
dung dch
brom
trong CCI4
Khong phan ng - Ch khi co anh sang th the
nhanh.
- Khi co xuc tac Ia bot Fe thi
the nhan benzen (o va p.)
2
dung dch
kaIi
pemanganat
Khong phan ng Ch xay ra khi co un nong
*
3
hiroco
xuc tac
niken, un
nong.
+ 3H
2
t
0
, Ni
benzen
xi clohexan

CH
3
+ 3H
2
t
0
, Ni
CH
3

4
Br2 co bot
Fe,
un nong.
Br
+ Br
2

Bo t sa t
+ HBr
brombenzen benzen

Tol uen
Br
Br
CH
3
+Br
2
, Fe
+ HBr
CH
3
CH
3
2-bromtol uen
(o - bromtoluen)
(41%)
(59%)
4-bromtol uen
(p - bromtol uen)
+ HBr

* C
6
H
5
CH
3
+ 2KMnO
4

0
t
C
6
H
5
COOK + 2MnO
2
+ KOH + H
2
O ( un cach thuy)
Kali benzoat

3. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac phan ng xay ra trong moi trng
hp sau:
188
a) ToIuen tac dung vi hiro co xuc tac niken, ap suat cao, un nong.
b) un nong benzen vi hon hp HNO
3
ac va H
2
$O
4
ac.
Gi y:
a) CH
3
+ 3H
2
t
0
, Ni
CH
3

b)
NO
2
+ HNO
3
(a c)
H
2
SO
4
a c
+ H
2
O
ni trobenzen benzen

4. trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc phan bie cac chat: benzen, hex-1-en va
toIuen. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac phan ng a dung.

Gi y
+ Nho dung dch brom vao 3 ong nghiem ng rieng biet benzen, hex-1 en va
toluen. Ong nghiem co hien tng mat mau la hex-1-en.
+ Nho dung dch KMnO
4
vao hai ong nghiem con lai va un nong, ong nghiem
co hien tng mat mau la toluen.
+ khong co hien tng g la benzen.

5. Hirocac bon X Ia chat Iong co t khoi hi so vi khong kh bang 3,17.
ot chay hoan toan X thu c CO
2
co khoi Ing bang 4,28 Ian khoi
Ing H
2
O. nhiet o thng X khong Iam mat mau dung dch brom. Khi
un nong X Iam mat mau dung dch KMnO
4
.
a) Tm cong thc phan t va cong thc cau tao cua X.
b) Viet PTHH cua X vi H
2
( xuc tac Ni un nong), vi brom ( co mat
bot Fe) vi hon hp d cua axit HNO
3
va axit H
2
$O
4
ac.

Gi y:
a) M
X
= 3,172 x 29,0 = 92,0 (g/mol).

2 2
2 2
CO CO
H O H O
4,28
m n
4,28
44,0
= = = 7 4
1
m 1 n
18,0
Suy ra C
x
H
y
7CO
2
+ 4H
2
O. Vay CTPT cua
X la
C
7
H
8
, CTCT C
6
H
5
CH
3
toluen.
b) Viet cac phan ng (theo bai hoc)
6. anh dau (+) vao o cap chat co phan ng vi nhau theo mau sau:
BENZEN HEXEN TOLUEN ETILEN
H
2
, xuc tac Ni. + + + +
Br
2
( dd) + +
Br
2
co Fe, un nong. + + + +
Dd KMnO
4
, un nong. + + +
HBr + +
H
2
O ( ( xt H
+
) + +
7. Cho benzen tac dung vi Ing d HNO
3
ac co xuc tac H
2
$O
4
ac e
ieu che nitrobenzen. Tnh khoi Ing nitrobenzen thu c khi dung 1 tan
benzen vi hieu suat 78,0%.
Goi y
- Khoi lng nitrobenzen la 1,23 tan.

8. $o sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua etyIbenzen vi stiren, viet phng trnh hoa
hoc cua cac phan ng minh hoa.
Gi y
etyIbenzen stiren
189
G
i
o
n
g

n
h
a
u

eu tham
gia phan
ng
cong
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
+ 3H
2

CH
2
- CH
3
xt, Ni
t
0

C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
+H
2

0
xt, Ni
t
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
eu tham
gia phan
ng oxi
hoa
- Khi un nong vi dd KMnO
4

nhom etyl b oxi hoa.
Lam mat mau dd KMnO
4
va
nhom vinyl b oxi hoa
Khi ot chay hoan toan cho CO
2
va H
2
O
( Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua phan ng)
K
h
a
c

n
h
a
u

Tham gia phan ng the.
- Phan ng the vi brom khan
* The nhan.
Br
Br
+Br
2
, Fe
+ HBr
+ HBr
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
CH
3
CH
2
CH
3

* Tham gia phan ng trung hp.

t
0
,xt,p
CH CH
2
CH CH
2
n
n
polistiren

* The nhanh.
CH
2
CH
3
as
+ HBr
CH
2
CH
2
Br

* Tham gia phan ng ong
trung hp.
nCH
2
= CH - CH = CH
2
buta-1,3 ien
+ nCH = CH
2
C
6
H
5
stiren
xt, p
t
0
-CH
2
-CH = CH -CH
2
-CH - CH
2
-
C
6
H
5
n
Co su Buna - S

9. Dung cong thc cau taoviet phng trnh hoa hoc cua stiren vi:
a) H
2
O ( xuc tac H
2
$O
4
)
b) HBr
c) H
2
( theo t Ie so moI 1: 1, xuc tac Ni)
Goi y a) b) c)
CH = CH
2
+ H
2
O
H
+
HO - CH -CH
3

CH = CH
2
+ HBr CHBr -CH
3

CH = CH
2
+ H
2
Ni
CH
2
-CH
3

10. Trnh bay phng phap hoa hoc phan biet 3 chat Iong sau: toIuen, benzen,
strren.Gi y:
Toluen ch lam mat mau dung dch KMnO
4
ieu kien un nong, stiren lam mat
mau dung dch KMnO
4
dieu kien thng, benzen khong lam mat mau dung
dch KMnO
4
ca khi un nong va ieu kien thng.

Dung
dch
KMnO
4
ieu kien
nhiet o
TOLUEN $TIREN BENZEN
un nong Mat mau
Mat mau
Khong mat
mau
Khong un
nong
Khong mat
mau
Khong mat
mau
11. Khi tach hiro cua 66,25kg etyIbenzen thu c 52,00 kg stiren. Tien hanh
phan ng trung hp toan bo Ing stiren nay thu c hon hp A gom
poIistirren va phan stiren cha tham gia phan ng. Biet 5,20 gam A va u
Iam mat mau cua 60,00 mI dung dch brom 0,15M.
a) Tnh hieu suat cua phan ng tach hiro cua etyIbenzen.
190
b) Tnh khoi Ing stiren a trung hp.
c) PoIistirren co phan phan t khoi trung bnh bang 3,12. 10
5
. Tnh he
so trung hp trung bnh cua poIime.
Gi y
a Hieu suat <
52,00 x100%
= 78, 49% ( 80%)
66,25

b Khoi lng stiren a tham gia phan ng trung hp 42,64kg
Cu the tnh khoi lng stiren khong phan ng trung hp co trong
52,00kg hon hn A.
- 5,200 kg A lam mat mau 0,060 x 0,15 = 0,009 kmol Br
2
.
- Suy ra 52,00 kg hon hp A se lam mat mau (0,009.10 = 0,09 kmol
Theo phan ng C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
+ Br
2
C
6
H
5
CHBr-CH
2
Br (M
C6H5 CH=CH2
=104)
So mol stiren = so mol brom = 0,09 mol
Khoi lng stiren cha phan ng bang 0,09. 104 = 9, 36 kg
Khoi lng stiren an tham gia trung hp la 52,00 9,36 = 42,64kg.
( GV chu y sa n v khoi lng bai cho a khong khp ap so bai giaPi
nh trong sach hng dan)
c He so trung hp trung bnh cua polime 3000.
Moi mat xch cua phan t polime co M
C6H5 CH=CH2
=104, con phan t TB
cua polime la3,12. 10
5
. nen he so trung hpTB cua polime la 3,12. 10
5

104 = 3000.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
12. Trnh bay cach n gian e thu c naphtaIen tinh khiet t hon hp
naphtaIen co Ian tap chat khong tan trong nc va khong bay hi.
Gi y
Thc hien nh th nghien SGK trang 157.
-------------------------------------------------
13. T etiIen va benzen tong hp c stiren theo s o:
C
6
H
6

2 4
+
C H
H
C
6
H
5
C
2
H
5

0
t
xt
C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
(M
benzen
=78)
a) Viet cac phng trnh hoa hoc thc hien cac bien oi tren.
b) Tnh khoi Ing stiren thu c t 1,00 tan benzen neu hieu suat cua qua
trnh Ia 78%.
Gi y:
a) C
2
H
4
+ C
6
H
6

2 4
+
C H
H
C
6
H
5
C
2
H
5
va C
6
H
5
C
2
H
5
0
t
xt
C
6
H
5
CH= CH
2
+ H
2
b) Theo s o C
6
H
6

2 4
+
C H
H
C
6
H
5
C
2
H
5

0
t
xt
C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2

So mol benzen tng ng 1 tan benzen la
6 6
6
3
C H
1, 00.10
n = =12,8.10 mol
78, 0

S mol stiren theo thuc t thu dduc la
3
78 78
x 12,8.10 mol = x 12,8 kmol
100 100

v 1 tan = 10
3
kg, nen ta co khoi lng stiren thu c la
3 3
78
x12,8x10 = 9, 984x10 kg = 9,984
100
tan.
----?---- co ung khong?----?-----
Cach khac: C
6
H
6

2 4
+
C H
H
C
6
H
5
C
2
H
5

0
t
xt
C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
C 78 tan C
6
H
6
thu
c 104 tan stiren. Vay 1,00 tan C
6
H
6
se thu c (104 x1) 78 = 1,333 tan stiren, v
hieu suat la 78% nen thc te ch thu c la 78% x 1,333 < 1,04 tan stiren.

BAI
36

&>N TA>!: HIROCACBON THM
191

29
52
oang Van oan
12/
02/2008
21/3/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- Cung co tnh chat hoa hoc cua hidrocacbon thm.
- So sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua hidrocacbon thm vi ankan, anken.
2. K nang:
- Ren luyen k nang viet pthh minh hoa hoa hoc cua hidrocacbon thm.
- K nang giai bai toan ve hidrocacbon thm
II/ CHUAN B.
* GV
** HS
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
(GV hng dan H$ thc hien theo noi dung kien thc can nam vng nh
trong $GK tr162)

HOAT ONG 1:
GV yeu cau HS ren luyen
k nang viet CTCT va goi
ten cac hirocacbon thm
co CTPT C
8
H
10
, C
8
H
8
Ten
cac nhom ankyl ( ch ro
v tr nhom ankyl) + benzen;
anh so cac nguyen t
cacbon cua vong benzen
theo qui tac.
GV Gi y
C
8
H
10
Gom
-etylbenzen
- 1,2 imetylbenzen
( o- imetylbenzen)
- 1,3 imetylbenzen
( m-
imetylbenzen)
- 1,4 imetylbenzen
( p- imetylbenzen)
C
8
H
8
la stilen.
HS ren luyen k
nang viet CTCT
va goi ten cac
hirocacbon thm
co CTPT C
8
H
10
,
C
8
H
8
Ten cac
nhom ankyl ( ch
ro v tr nhom
ankyl) + benzen;
anh so cac
nguyen t cacbon
cua vong benzen
theo qui tac.
a) Ten thong thng:
- Ten nhan benzen.
- Mot nhom CH
3
nh vao
toIuen
- Hai nhom CH
3
co cac ten o-
xilen, m- xilen, p-xilen.

B) Ten he thong:
- Nhan benzen
- Co nhom the Ankyl + benzen
- Co nhieu nhom the th phai
anh so ch ro v tr nhom the
oi vi vong benzen. Viec anh
so sao cho tong v tr cac nhom
the la nho nhat. oc ten cac
nhom the theo th t ban A, B,
C cua ch cai au cua nhom
the. ( SGK trang 151-152).

HOAT ONG 2
GV cho HS viet PTHH.
a - Toluen + Br
2
(bot Fe)
b - Toluen + HNO
3
ac (
HS viet PTHH. T
cac phan ng HS
rut ra tnh chat hoa
a - ToIuen + Br
2
(bot Fe)
192
H
2
SO
4 ac
)
c - Benzen + H
2
( xt Ni)
d - Etylbenzen + Cl
2
(as)
e - Etylbenzen + dd KMnO
4

(t
0
).
g - Stile vi dd Br
2
.
GV Cho HS rut ra tnh chat
hoa hoc chung cua
hirocacbon thm.
hoc chung cua
hirocacbon thm.
Tol uen
Br
Br
CH
3
+Br
2
, Fe
+ HBr
CH
3
CH
3
2-bromtol uen
(o - bromtoluen)
(41%)
(59%)
4-bromtol uen
(p - bromtol uen)
+ HBr

b - ToIuen + HNO
3
ac ( H
2
$O
4
ac
)
(42%)
H
2
SO
4
a c
HNO
3
a c
- H
2
O
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
NO
2
NO
2
2- nitrotoluen
(o -nitrro tl uen)
2- ni trotoluen
(o -nitrrotluen)
(58%)
toluen

c - Benzen + H
2
( xt: Ni)
+ 3H
2
t
0
, Ni
benzen
xi clohexan

d - EtyIbenzen + CI
2
(as)
+ HCl
CH
2
-CH
2
Cl
CH
2
- CH
3
+ Cl
2
as' ,

e - EtyIbenzen + dd KMnO
4
(t
0
).
C6H5 - C2H5
. J
0
O
t
C6H5COOH+ 2H2O +
CO2
Con k thng khong
phan ng vi dd KMnO
4.
g - $tiIen vi dd Br
2
.
C
6
H
5
CH CH
2
Br Br
C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
+ Br
2

Hexacloran
(1)
p/
the
cong
Benzen
HNO
3
a c
H
2
SO
4
a c
+ Br
2
( Fe)
+ 3H
2
,Ni, t
0
+3Cl
2
,a s'
Xiclohexan
Brombenzen
+ HBr
Br
+ H
2
O
NO
2
Ni trobenzen
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl

o-bromtoluen
+ Br
2
(t
0
)
Benzylbromua
+ HBr
Br
Br
Br
+ HBr
+ HBr
CH
2
CH
3
CH
3
+Br
2
Fe,t
0
NO
2
NO
2
CH
3
+ H
2
O
CH
3
o-ni trotol uen
+ H
2
O
HNO
3
a c
H
2
SO
4
ac
the
Tol uen
CH
3
(2)
p/
p-bromtoluen
p-ni trotol uen

HOAT ONG 3
193
Toluen
CH
3
(3)
+ 3H
2
,Ni ,t
0
CH
3
P/cong
C
6
H
5
COOK + 2MnO
2
+ KOH +H
2
O
Oxi hoa+ 2KMnO
4
t
0
kali benzoat
CHBr -CH
3
+ HBr
HO-CH -CH
3
+ H
2
O
H
+
CHBr -CH
2
Br
+ Br
2
CH
2
-CH
3
+ H
2
Ni t
0
,
+ 3H
2
Ni t
0
,
CH
2
-CH
3
Theo qui tac
Mac-co p- nhi- cop
Stiren
CH = CH
2
P// cong
(4)
n C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
t
0
, xt, p
- CH - CH
2
-
C
6
H
5
n
Trung hp
ong trung hp
( Trung hp stiren vi buta-1,3 -ien, xt,t
0
,p)

HOAT ONG 3. BAI TAP
BAI TAP $GK TRANG 162 HNG DAN.
1. Viet CTCT va goi ten cac
hirocacbon thm co cong thc phan
t C
8
H
10
, C
8
H
8
. Trong so cac ong
phan o, ong phan nao phan ng
c vi dung dch brom, hirobromua ?
Viet PTHH cua cac phan ng a
xay ra.

phan biet cac chat long sau benzen,
stiren, toluen, va hex-1-in.

1.
Dd Br
2
Dd HBr
C
8
H
10
C
6
H
5
CH
2
CH
3
khong khong
C
6
H
5
(CH
3
)
2
khong khong
C
8
H
8

C
6
H
5
- CH=CH
2
Viet p/ Viet p/

2. Dung dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
e
nhan biet hex -1-in.
CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
CCH + [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH H
2
O +
2NH
3
+ CH
3
(CH
2
)
3
CCAg
- Dung dung dch KMnO
4
e nhan biet
stiren ieu kien thng mat mau
dung dch KMnO
4
. Con toluen lam mat
mau dung dch KMnO
4
ieu kien un
nong. Benzen khong lam mat mau
dung dch KMnO
4
.

3. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac 3.
194
phan ng ieu che etilen, axetilen, t
metan. ; ieu che clobenzen va
nitrobenzen t benzen t benzen va
cac chat vo c khac.

4. Cho 23,0 kg toluen tac dung vi hon
hp axit HNO
3
ac d ( xuc tac axit
H
2
SO
4
ac). Hay tnh Gia s toan
bo toluen chuyen thanh 2,4,6
trinitrotoluen (T NT).
a) Khoi lng TNT thu c.
b) Khoi lng HNO
3
a phan
ng.

5. Akylbenzen X co phan tram khoi
lng cacbon bang 91,31%.
a) Tm cong thc phan t cua x.
b) Viet CTCT va goi ten chat X.

6. Hirocacbon X the long co phan
tram khoi lng H xap x bang 7,7%.
X tac dung c vi dung dch brom.
Co cong thc nao sau ay la cong
thc phan t cua X.
A. C
2
H
2
B. C
4
H
4
C. C
6
H
6
D.
C
8
H
8

a) ieu che C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
t
0
1500 C
4 2 2 2 Lam lanh nhanh
2CH C H + 3H
3
Pd/PbCO
2 2 2 2 4
C H + H C H
b) ieu che clobenzen va nitrobenzen t
C
6
H
6
C
6
H
6 +
Cl
2

0
Fe,t
C
6
H
5
Cl + HCl
C
6
H
6
+ HONO
2

2 4
H SO ac
C
6
H
5
NO
2
+ H
2
O

4.
C
6
H
5
CH
3
+3HONO
2

2 4
H SO ac
C
6
H
5
CH
3
(NO
2
)
3
+
3H
2
O
92 189 227
54
23 y x
- Khoi lng TNT la
(23,0 x 27,0) 92,0 = 56,75 (kg)
- Khoi lng HNO
3
phan ng la
( 23,0 x 189) 92,0 = 47,25 (kg)

5. a) Tm CTPT cua X
Akylbenzen C
n
H
2n -6
.
14n -6 100%
12n 91,31
Lap t so
14n- 6 100
=
12n 91,31
suy ra n = 7 Vay X la C
7
H
8
b) CTCT X la C
6
H
5
CH
3
toluen.

6. ap an D

5/ Bai tap ve nha:

BAI 37
NGUON HIROCACBON THIEN NHIEN
195

0
53
oang Van oan
13/
02/2008
24/ 3/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

$ biet:
Nguon hirocacbon trong thien nhien, cach khai thac va phng phap ieu
che bien
chung.
$ hieu:
V sao dau mo co mui kho chu ? Tai sao dau mo khong co nhiet o
soi nhat nh ? Tai sao
kh thien nhien va kh mo dau c dung lam nhien lieu cho cac nha
may nhiet ien ?
$ van dung: Biet phan biet thanh phan kh thien nhien, kh dau mo. Kh
lo coc; Giai
thch y ngha qua trnh che bien hoa hoc cac san pham chng cat phan
oan dau mo
(crackinh va rifominh).

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Tranh anh, t lieu ve cac gieng dau, mo than va cac san pham c
che bien t dau mo.
HS Tm hieu cac thong tin lien quan en bai hoc.


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:

/ Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
I. DAU MO
HOAT ONG 1:
GV yeu cau HS nghien cu
SGK , cho biet Tui dau la
g? ac iem cau tao cua
tui dau ra sao?

GV at van e: Vay the
nao la dau mo ? thanh
phan hoa hoc cua dau mo
ra sao? Chung ta hay nghien
cu tiep phan sau.
HS nghien cu SGK ,
cho biet Tui dau
la g? ac iem
cau tao cua tui
dau ra sao?

a) Tui dau:
- Tui dau la cac lp nham
thach co nhieu lo xop
cha dau c bao quanh
bi mot lp khoang set
khong tham nc va kh.
b) Cau tao tui dau: Gom
3 Ip:
- Lp tren cung la lp kh
ong hanh ( kh mo dau).
- Lp gia la dau.
- Di cung nc man va
can.

196

HOAT ONG 2
GV yeu cau HS nghien cu
SGK e co nhng nhan xet
ve dau mo.

GV bo sung thong tin e tra
li cau hoi tai sao dau mo
lai co mui kho chu va gay
hai cho ong c? Tai sao dau
mo mien Nam Viet Nam
lai thuan li cho viec che
hoa va s dung?
GV
Cac hp chat cha lu
huynh co trong dau mo
lam cho dau mo co mui
kho chu va gay hai cho
ong c ( SGK trang164).
Dau mo khai thac them
luc a pha nam Nam Viet
Nam co ham lng S rat
thap ( 0,5% KL) nen rat
thuan lp cho viec che bien
va ng dung ( SGK trang164).
GV Lien he viec bao ve
moi trng trong viec khai
thac, van chuyen , che
bien, bao quan va s dung
dau mo phai lam the
nao?
HS nghien cu SGK
e co nhng nhan
xet ve dau mo.

HS nghien cu
thong tin trong SGK
e tra li. Hoac
neu tom tat thanh
phan cua dau mo.

( Dau mo co
nhng thanh phan
hoa hoc va thanh
phan nguyen to nh
the nao?

HS ac iem cua
dau mo Chat long
en , sanh, mui ac
trng kho chu, nhe
hn nc, khong
tan trong nc.
1. Thanh phan.
a) Chat hu c va vo c.
* La hon hp cua rat
nhieu hirocacbon khac
nhau, chu yeu la:
- Ankan (C
1
C
50
)
- Xicloankan ( C
5
, C
6
, ).
- Aren (C
6
H
6
, toluen, xilen,
naphtalen va cac ).
* * Chat hu c cha: O, N,
S ( lng nho).
*** Chat vo c Jt.
b) Nghuen to: ( Ve khoi
lng)
C 83 -87%
H 11 -14%

S 0,01 7%
O 0,01 -7%
N 0,01 -2%
- Kim loai nang phan trieu
en phan van.

GV neu van e e khai
tac dau mo, ngi ta phai
lam g? Hien tng nao
khien ta xac nh c s
co mat cua dau mo?
( Hoac GV co the m bang
video t lieu cho HS quan sat
hoat ong khai thac dau mo
e biet c nhng thong
tin sau Muon khai thac dau,
phai khoan nhng lo khoan
sau xuong long at, khi
khoan trung lp dau long,
dau se t phun len (do ap
suat cua kh dau mo).
Khi lng dau giam ( ap kh
giam) ngi ta phai lam g?
Dung bm hut dau len
hoac bm nc xuong ( v
sao) e ay dau len.

HS tham khao SGK
trang 164 e tra li.
2. Khai thac. ( $GK)
- Tham do va khoan tham
do.
- Neu co dau mo, khoan
trung, dau t phun len.
Khilng dau giam ( ap kh
giam. Dung bm hut dau
len hoac bm nc xuong
e ay dau len.
197

HOAT ONG 3
GV neu van e Dau mo
mi lay len t gieng dau
c goi la dau tho. Can
phai che bien e nang cao
gia tr s dung dau mo
bang cach nao?
GV neu van tat qua trnh
che bien theo s o
HS da vao SGK
e nam bat thong
tin kien thc va
tra li cau hoi
cua GV.
3. Che bien. Xet tng giai
oan

a) Chng cat.
Thc hien nhng thap
chng cat lien tuc, ap
suat thng. Qua trnh nay
tach c tap hp cac
hirocacbon co nhiet o soi
khac nhau co trong dau mo.
Cac phan oan nay co
the a i s dung hoac
che bien tiep.
Dau tho
Xl
S bo
- Loai n c
- Loai muo i
- Phanhutng
Chng ca t pha n oan
(Phng phap vat l )
Mo t sonh xang,
da u nhn ...
Ca ckinh, ri fomi nh
(Phng phap hoahoc)
Quatrnh nay tach
c ca c hi rocacbon
conhi e t osoi khac
nhau trong dau mo .
Mot so
ti ep tuc
Dau co
giatrs
dung cao
CHEBI E N DAU MO
a) b)

GV at cau hoi Dau mo
c chng cat au? Trong
ieu kien nao? ( Chng cat
dau mo ap suat thng,
trong nhng thap lien tuc)
GV Cho HS xem hnh 7.5 va
tra li cau hoi
+ Cac san pham chnh nao
thu ckhi chng cat phan
oan dau mo? ng dung
cua chung lam g?
Y/C HS quan sat hnh
7.5 SGK trang 165 "S
o chng cat, che
hoa va ng dung
cua dau mo
Cac phan oan chng cat dau mo ap suat thng, ap suat cao
va ap suat thap. (SGK- NC11 tr198)
NHIET O $OI NGUYEN T C TRONG
PHAN T
X L TIEP THEO
A
P

S
U
A
T

T
H
N
G

< 180
0
C
1-10
Phan oan kh va
xang
CHNG CAT AP $UAT CAO
tach phan oan C
1
-C
2
, C
3
C
4
khoi
phan oan C
5
C
10
(o la kh, gas hoa
long va xang)
170 -
270
0
C
10-16
Phan oan dau
hoa
Tach tap chat S, dung lam nhien
lieu phan lc, nhien lieu thap sang,
un nau.
250 -
350
0
C
16 -21
Phan oan dau
iezen
Tach tap chat S, dung lam nhien
lieu cho ong c iezen.
350 -
400
0
C
21 - 30
Phan oan dau
nhn
San xuat dau nhn, lam nguyen
lieu cho crackinh
440
0
C
>30
Can mazut
CHNG CAT AP $UAT THAP
lay nguyen lieu cho crackinh, dau
nhn, parafin, nha rai ng (Atphan).
GV Tai sao phai che bien
hoa hoc cac phan oan
dau mo ?
b). Che bien hoa hoc.
- Muc ch:
* ap ng nhu cau ve so
198
lng, chat lng xang lam
nhien lieu.

GV Phng phap nao thng
dung trong qua trnh o?

va nhan xet tong quat san
pham tao thanh

Crackinh nhiet ( 700 900
0)

tao ra cac anken t C
2
en
C
5
dung lam monome san
xuat polime.

Crackinh xuc tac chu yeu
chuyen hirocacbon mach dai
thanh cac phan oan co
nhiet o soi cao thanh
xang nhien lieu. (NCtr102)

GV cho th du chuyen
hirocacbon mach khong
nhanh thanh phan nhanh,
mach vong va cho HS biet
hien tng o goi la
rifominh. at cau hoi the
mao la rifomonh?

Th du ve:
- Mach khong nhanh
thanh mach nhanh.

- Mach thang thanh
mach vong.

- Khong thm thanh
thm.
HS viet san pham
cua phan ng
crackinh oi vi
C
8
H
18
va C
4
H
10
( a
biet).

Nhan xet tong
quat san pham
crackinh

Y/C Gom xang va
cac kh crackinh.
* ap ng nhu cau ve
nguyen lieu cho cong
nghiep hoa hoc
Che bien hoa hoc cac
phan oan dau 2oP e
tang gia tr sP dung cuPa
dau 2oP.
- Phng phap chu yeu:
crackinh va rifominh
+ Crackinh:
a quaP trinh 'beP gay"
phan tP hirocacbon 2ach
dai e tao thanh cac
phan tP hirocacbon 2ach
ngan hn nh tac dung
cuPa nhiet hoac cuPa xuc
tac va nhiet.
Th du
C
8
H
18

Cra cki nh
. + .
C
4
H
10

Cra cki nh
. + .
+ Rifominh
a qua trinh dung xuc
tac va nhiet la2 bien
oi cau truc phan tP
hirocacbon t 2ach
cacbon khong nhanh
thanh phan nhanh ( ong
phan hoa), t khong th2
thanh th2.
Th du
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
t
0
, xt
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
-CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
a)

CH
3
-(CH
2
)-CH
3
t
0
, xt
+ H
2
b)

+ H
2
t
0
, xt
c)

GV Cho Hs tham khao SGK
e biet thong tin ve ng
dung cua cac san pham
che bien dau mo.

4. ng dung: ( SGK trang
166)
- Cac san pham che bien
dau mo dung lam nhien
lieu cho cac ong c, cac
nha may. Dung lam
199
nguyen lieu trong qua trnh
san suat hoa hoc.
II. KH THIEN NHIEN VA KH MO DAU.
HOAT ONG 4
GV ke bang sau, e trong
cac phan ghi thong tin.
GV giup HS e thc
hien.
HS nghien cu SGK
e hoan thien cac
phan trong trong
bang.

KH THIEN NHIEN KH MO DAU (kh ong hanh)
1. Thanh
phan
- Co nhieu trong mo kh.
- Tch tu cac lp at a xop
nhng o sau khac nhau.
- Chu yeu la CH
4
( 95%)V va
mot so ong ang thap t C
2

en C
4
.
- Co trong mo dau.
- Mot phan tan trong dau mo,
phan ln c tch tu lai thanh
lp kh pha tren lp dau.
- Thanh phan gom co CH
4
( 50 -
70%)V va mot so ankan khac.
2. ng
dung va
Iien he
- La nguon nguyen lieu va nhien lieu quan trong.
- c dung lam nhien lieu cho cac nha may ien.
- Kh thien nhien va kh mo dau Viet Nam co chat lng tot do
co rat t hp chat cha lu huynh.
- Kh thien nhien co Tien Hai
( Thai Bnh).
Kh mo dau mo Bach Ho, Lan
Tay, Lan o.
III. THAN MO.
HOAT ONG 5
GV a ra he thong cau hoi
e giup HS nghien cu va
tm hieu bai hoc, cu the
- Nguyen nhan hnh
thanh than mo la
g? Co nhng loai
than mo nao?
- e thu c than coc
can i t nguyen
lieu nao? ieu kien
thc hien ra sao?
- ac iem va
thanh phan cua kh
lo coc la g?
- Than coc co ng
dung g?
- Nha than a la g?
T nha than a
co the tach c
nhng g?
- Cac chat thm thu
c t viec chng
cat than a co tam
quan trong nh the
nao?
HS nghien cu va
tm hieu bai hoc.

HS da theo SGK e
tra li.
- Than mo la phan con lai
cua cay co co ai a b
bien hoa.
- Co ba loai than chnh
* Than gay, than m, than
nau.
* Than m
900 - 1000
0
khong cokk
Than co c
nha than a
kh lococ

- Than coc chu yeu dung
e luyen gang thep ( Thai
Nguyen ).
- Kh lo coc ( SGK)
* Bao gom hon hp cua
cac chat de chay.
* Thanh phan theo the tch
H
2
59%
CH
4
25%
Hirocacbon khac 3%
CO 6%
CO
2
, N
2
, O
2
7%.
* Nha than a la chat long cha nhieu hirocacbon thm va phenol. T nha
than a co the tach c nhieu chat co gia tr nh benzen, toluen, phenol,
naphtalen .hac n.
200
* Cac hp chat thm la nguon bo sung nguyen lieu cho cong nghiep.
4/ Cung co: GV he thong s bo qua trnh che bien dau mo.
* Loai than nao neu sau ay khong co trong t nhien? Than gay, than m,
than nau, than coc.
* Co nhng nguon hirocacbon nao trong t nhien?
* Neu thanh phan, cach kh thac, che bien?
(* Tng t vi kh thien nhien, kh mo dau va than a.)
- Neu ng dung cua cac nguon hidrocacbon o.
5/ Bai tap ve nha:
--------------------------

BAI 38 .
HE THONG HOA VE HIROCACBON

0
5
oang Van oan
19/ 2
/2008
28/ 3 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- He thong hoa cac loai hirocacbon quan trong ankan, anken, ankaien, ankin
va akyl
ben zen ve ac iem cau tao, tnh chat vat l, tnh chat hoa hoc ac
trng va ng dung.
$ hieu:
- Thong qua viec he thong hoa cac loai hirocacbon. HS nam c moi
lien he gia cac
hirocacbon vi nhau.
$ van dung:
- Viet c cac PTHH minh hoa cho tnh chat cua cac hirocacbon chuyen
hoa gia cac hirocacbon, nhan biet va ieu che cac hirocbon.
- Lam c mot so bai tap ve hirocacbon.
2. K nang:
II/ CHUAN B.
* GV
** HS
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG CUA H$

I. HE THONG HOA VE HIROCACBON
GV Chia bang lam 5 cot nh bang 7.2
SGK trang 171.

HOAT ONG 1:
GV yeu cau mot HS len bang viet
cac cong thc chung cua ankan,
anken, ankin, va ankylbenzen ( Chu y
HS len bang viet cac cong thc chung
cua ankan, anken, ankin, va ankylbenzen.
201
ieu kien cua ch so n trong cong
thc chung).

Yeu cau viet c nh sau:
ANKAN ANKEN ANKN ANKYLBENZEN
Cong
thc
phan
t
C
n
H
2n + 2
( n K 1) C
n
H
2n
( n K 2) C
n
H
2n - 2
( n K 2) C
n
H
2n - 6
( n K 6)

HOAT ONG 2
GV yeu cau hai HS len bang trnh
bayac iem cau tao phan t ankan,
anken, ankin, va ankylbenzen.
Hai HS len bang trnh bayac iem
cau tao phan t ankan, anken, ankin,
va ankylbenzen.
ac
iem
cau
tao
- Ch co lien
ket n C- C va
C- H.
- Ch co ong
phan mach
cacbon.
- Co mot lien
ket n C= C.
- Co ong
phan mach
cacbon.
- Co ong
phan v tr lien
ket oi.
- Co ong
phan hnh hoc.
- Co mot lien
ket n C C.
- Co ong
phan mach
cacbon.
- Co ong
phan v tr lien
ket ba.

- Co vong
benzen.
- Co ong
phan mach
cacbon cua
nhom ankyl.
- Co ong
phan v tr tng
oi cua cac
nhom ankyl.

HOAT ONG 3
GV yeu cau HS khai quat lai mot so
tnh chat vat l quan trong cua
hirocacbon, cho th du minh hoa.
HS khai quat lai mot so tnh chat vat
l quan trong cua hirocacbon, cho th du
minh hoa.
Tnh
chat
vat l
- ieu kien thng, cac hp chat t C
1
C
4
la chat kh;
K5 la chat long hoac ran.
- Khong mau.
- Khong tan trong nc.

HOAT ONG 4
GV yeu cau 4 HS , moi HS trnh bay
tnh chat hoa hoc cua mot loai
hirocacbon, cho th du minh hoa bang
PTHH. Cac HS khac nhan xet, bo
sung.
4 HS , moi HS trnh bay tnh chat hoa
hoc cua mot loai hirocacbon, cho th
du minh hoa bang PTHH. Cac HS khac
nhan xet, bo sung.
ANKAN ANKEN ANKIN ANKYLBENZEN
Tnh

chat

- Phan ng the
(halogen).
Th du

- Phan ng
cong (H
2
, Br
2
,
HX.)
Th du
- Phan ng
cong ) H
2
, Br
2
,
HX.)
Th du
- Phan ng the
(halogen, nitro).
Th du

202
hoa

hoc.
- Phan ng
tach.
Th du

- Phan ng oxi
hoa.
Th du

- Phan ng
trung hp.
Th du

- Phan ng oxi
hoa.
Th du
- Phan ng the
H lien ket trc
tiep vi
nguyen t
cacbon lien ket
ba au
mach.
Th du
- Phan ng oxi
hoa.
Th du
- Phan ng
cong
Th du

- Phan ng oxi
hoa mach
nhanh.
Th du

HOAT ONG 5
GV yeu cau HS trnh bay mot so ng
dung quan trong cua moi loai
hidrocacbon. Cho th du minh hoa.
HS trnh bay mot so ng dung quan
trong cua moi loai hidrocacbon. Cho th
du minh hoa.
Cong
thc
phan
t
- Lam nguyen
lieu, nhien
lieu, dung moi.
- Lam nguyen
lieu
- Lam nguyen
lieu
- Lam nguyen
lieu, dung moi.
Ket thuc 5 hoat ong, GV treo bang phu a chuan b san e H$ so sanh
phan Iam tren bang vi noi dung a trnh bay, bo sung va hoan chnh
bang tom tat mot so Ioai hirocacbon a hoc.

II. $ CHUYEN HOA GIA CAC LOAI HIROCACBON
HOAT ONG 6
GV yeu cau HS tm hieu s o moi
quan he chuyen hoa gia cac loai
hirocacbon trong SGK trang 172 va van
dung viet cac PTHH minh hoa.
HS tm hieu s o moi quan he
chuyen hoa gia cac loai hirocacbon
trong SGK trang 172 va van dung viet
cac PTHH minh hoa.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Ankan
C
n
H
2n + 2
n= 6,7,8
Xicloankan
C
n
H
2n
Benzen va
ong ang
C
n
H
2n - 6
(2)
Ta ch H
2
(1)
Tach H
2
ong vong

III. HNG DAN GIAI BAI TAP TRONG $GK TRANG 172.
HOAT ONG 7
HOAT ONG CUA GV HNG DAN
1. So sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua
a) anken vi ankin b) ankan vi
ankylbenzen
Cho th du minh hoa.

1. Tham khao sach giai bai tap
$GK trang 125.Gi y:
a)
Giong nhau:
* Cung co phan ng cong
203
+ H
2
( Ni, t
0
)
+ Halogen ( Br
2
)
+ HX ( X= OH, Br, Cl)
** phan ng trung hp
+ Tao PE. Vinyl axetilen, C
6
H
6
*** Phan ng oxi hoa hoan toan va
khong hoan toan ( + O
2
va dd KMnO
4
).

Phan ng vi dung dch KMnO
4
3CH
2
=CH
2
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3 HOCH
2
CH
2
OH- 2MnO
2
+ 2KOH
3CHCH + 8KMnO
4
3KOOC - COOK + 8MnO
2
+2KOH + 2H
2
O

GV gi y cho HS viet cac phan ng
sau

Khac nhau:
Cac ank 1- in va etin co phan ng
vi dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, etin
phan vi axit axetic tao vinyl axetat, vi
ru etylic tao
CH
2
= CHO C
2
H
5
.
Cac phan ng CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg + 2NH
4
NO
3
Hoac viet CHCH + 2[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]OH AgCCAg + 4NH
3
+ 2NH
3

Vi axit axetic va ru etilic HCCH + CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO-CH= CH
2
( vinyl axetat)
HCCH + HOC
2
H
5
H
2
C = CHO-C
2
H
5
b)So sanh tnh chat hoa hoc cua
ankan vi ankylbenzen.

HS tham gia viet phan ng nay.
b) .
Giong nhau:
* Cung tham gia phan ng the
CH
3
-CH
2
- CH
3

+Br
2
, a s'
t
0
CH
3
- CH - CH
3
CH
3
- CH - CH
2
Br
Br
(spc)
(spp)

CH
2
-CH
3
CH
2
-CH
3
Br
Br
CH
2
-CH
3
CH
2
-CH
2
Br
+Br
2
,a s'
+ HBr
(thenhanh)
+Br
2
, Fe
+ HBr
( thenhan)
+HBr

** Cung tham gia phan ng oxi hoa
hoan toan
(chay cho kh CO
2
va H
2
O
)
Khac nhau.
Ankylbenzen tham gia phan ng cong
va oxi hoa khong hoan toan, cac
ankan khong co phan ng nay.
CH
2
-CH
3
Ni, t
0
, xt
+ H
2
CH
2
-CH
3

Cac ankylbenzen khi un nong vi dung
204
dch KMnO
4
th nhom ankyl b oxi hoa
va lam mat mau dung dch KMnO
4
.
a) Phan biet cac bnh ng kh rieng
biet khong dan nhan H
2
, O
2
, CH
4
,
C
2
H
4
, C
2
H
2
.
2.
Gi y.

GV gi y HS viet cac PTHH. - Dung dung dch AgNO
3
trong
NH
3
e nhan biet C
2
H
2
v co
ket tua mau vang nhat (
viet PTHH).
- Dan 4 kh con lai i qua dung
dch brom, kh nao lam mat
mau dung dch brom la C
4
H
4
(
viet PTHH).
- Dan 3 kh con lai qua hon
than chay hong. Kh nao lam
cho hon than chay manh la
O
2
( viet PTHH).
- ot 2 kh con lai trong bnh
cha kh oxi, dan san pham
qua bnh nc voi trong, neu
van uc la bnh cha CH
4
(
Viet PTHH). Con lai la H
2
.
3. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac
phan ng hoan thanh day chuyen
hoa sau
a) Etan
(1)
etilen

(2)
polietilen
b) Metan
(1)
axetilen

(2)
vinylaxxetilen

(3)

butaien

(4)
polibutaien.
c) Benzen brombenzen.
3.
Gi y ( GV hng dan H$ viet
PTHH)
4. Viet phng trnh hoa hoc tong quat
cua phan ng ot chay cac lloai
hirocacbon a neu trong bang 7.2>
Nhan xet g ve t le so mol CO
2
va
so mol H
2
O trong san pham chay cua
moi loai hirocacbon.
4.
Gi y ( GV hng dan H$ viet PTHH
va so sanh so moI CO
2
va so moI
H
2
O tao thanh)
5. Khi ot chay hoan toan hirocacbon
X ( la chat long ieu kien thng)
thu c CO
2
va H
2
O co so mol theo t
le 2 1. Cong thc phan t cua X co
the la cong thc nao sau ay.
A. C
4
H
4
B. C
5
H
12
C. C
6
H
6
C
2
H
2

5. ap an: C (C
6
H
6
).

5/ Bai tap ve nha:

205

CHNG 8: DAN XUAT HALOGEN -
ANCOL - PHENOL

DAN XUAT HALOGEN CUA HIROCACBON

BAI
39
1
55
oang Van oan
20/
02/2008
31/ 3 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR 193 -197)
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet: Khai niem, phan loai dan xuat halogen cua hirocacbon; tnh chat
hoa hoc ac trng va ng dung cua mot so dan xuat halogen

2. K nang
- Viet CTCT cac ong phan cua dan xuat halogen cu the.
- Viet phng trnh ho hoc phan ng thuy phan ( phan ng the ) va
phan ng tach cua dan
xuat halogen.

II/ CHUAN B.
GV Mot so t lieu ve ng dung cua dan xuat halogen; th nghiem thuy
phan etylbromua.
*HS He thong hoa cac phan ng cua hirocacbon a hoc co tao ra cac
hp chat cha halogen. (Cac iem lu y xem SH'D' tr196-197).


2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:

H$
NOI DUNG
I. KHAI NIEM PHAN LOAI
HOAT ONG 1: ( Tm hieu khai niem va phan loai dan xuat halogen cua
hirocacbon)
GV yeu cau HS neu th
du ve san pham phan
ng cua hirocacbon( no,
khong no, hirocacbon
thm) vi halogen hoac
hiro halogenua tao ra
hp chat co cha
HS so sanh thanh
phan phan t cua
dan xuat halogen
vi hirocacbon co
cung cau tao mach
cacbon ve s bien
oi cua phan t,
1. Khai niem.
Khi thay the nguyen t hiro cua
phan t hirocacbon bang ( mot
hay nhieu) nguyen t halogen ta
c dan xuat halogen cua
hirocacbon, goi tat la dan xuat
halogen.
206
nguyen t halogen trong
phan t.
GV hng dan HS so
sanh thanh phan phan
t cua dan xuat
t o neu khai
niem ve dan xuat
halogen cua
hirocacbon.

halogen vi hirocacbon
co cung cau tao mach
cacbon ve s bien oi
cua phan t, t o
neu khai niem ve dan
xuat halogen cua
hirocacbon.
GV yeu cau HS neu lai
tnh chat hoa hoc cua
cac loai hirocacbon a
hoc va viet cac PTHH
t cac hirocacbon o
tao ra dan xuat halogen
cua hirocacbon, oc
ten cac san pham.
HS neu lai tnh chat
hoa hoc cua cac
loai hirocacbon a
hoc va viet cac
PTHH t cac
hirocacbon o tao ra
dan xuat halogen
cua hirocacbon, oc
ten cac san pham
tao ra.
- Phan ng tao dan xuat
halogen cua hirocacbon. ( nhieu
cach).
Th du
C
2
H
5
OH + HBr .
CH
2
=CH
2
+ HBr .
CH
2
=CH
2
+ Br
2
.
CH
4
+ Cl
2

as
.
..

GV co the nh hng
e giup HS thuan li
khi phan loai dan xuat
halogen bang cach a
ra cac tieu ch phan
loai nh trong SGK.
- Giup HS xac nh bac
C cua hirocacbon t
o biet c bac cua
dan xuat halogen.
- GV dan ra cac cong
thc lam th du

Nguyen t cacbon trong
hirocacbon bac nao th
no lien ket vi halogen
se tao ra dan xuat
halogen co bac o.

- Ten thay the tng
ng
cloetan
2- clo propan
2-metyl-2-
brompropan

HS thuan li khi
phan loai dan xuat
halogen bang cach
a ra cac tieu ch
phan loai nh trong
SGK.
HS xac nh bac C
cua hirocacbon t
o biet c bac
cua dan xuat
halogen.

HS da vao SGK e
neu khai niem
nay.

HS oc ten

2. Phan Ioai.
C s Da vao ban chat, so
lng halogen va ac iem cau
tao cua hirocac bon.
- Dan xuat halogen.
Dan xuat flo, dan xuat clo, dan
xuat brom, dan xuat iot, dan
xuat cha cac halogen khac
nhau.
Th du
- Da vao goc
hirocacbon.
- Dan xuat halogen no CH
2
FCl,
CH
2
Cl CH
2
Cl, CH
3
CHBr-CH
3
.
- Dan xuat halogen khong no ,
CH
2
=CH-Cl.
- Dan xuat halogen thm C
6
H
5
F,
C
6
H
5
CH
2
Cl, p-CH
3
C
6
H
4
Br.
- Bac cua dan xuat
halogen.
Khai niem Bac cua dan xuat
halogen bang cua nguyen t
cacbon lien ket vi nguyen t
halogen.

Th du ( va ten goi thong
thng).
207

+ Da n xuat halogen ba c (CH
3
)
3
C - Br
tert - butylbromua
+ Da n xua t hal ogen bac CH

3
-CHCl - CH
3
isopropyl clorua
+ Da n xua t hal ogen bac CH

3
-CH
2
Cl
etyl clorua

II. TNH CHAT VAT L
HOAT ONG 2
GV hng dan HS tom
tat thong tin ve tnh
chat vat l cua dan
xuat halogen trong SGK
trang 175. ac biet quan
tam en hoat tnh cua
chung.
GV cho HS lam bai tap
3 SGK trang 177, e t
o rut ra nhan xet ve
s bien oi tnh chat
vat l ( nhiet o soi)
cua mot so dan xuat
halogen.
GV gi y
* ay la cac chat
CH
3
Cl, CH
3
Br, CH
3
co
nhiet o soi tang dan
do phan t khoi tang
dan.
** CH
3
X, CH
3
CH
2
X,
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
X,
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
X co
nhiet o soi tang dan
do phan t khoi cung
tangdan.
GV v sao cac dan xuat
halogen lai t tan trong
nc ? ( cho HS kha v
chung eu la nhng
chat phan cc yeu
hoac khong phan cc)
HS tom tat thong tin
ve tnh chat vat l
cua dan xuat
halogen trong SGK
trang 175. ac biet
quan tam en hoat
tnh cua chung.

(SGK tr 175)
- k thng cac dan xuat
halogen co M nho ( nh CH
3
Cl,
CH
3
Br.) la chat kh; M ln hn (
nh CHCl
3
, C
6
H
5
Br.) la chat
long, nang hn nc; M ln hn
na ( nh CH
3
.) la chat ran.
- Hau nh khong tan trong nc,
tan trong dung moi hu c.
- Mot so chat co hoat tnh sinh
hoc nh CF
3
CHClBr (halotan
chat gay me khong oc), DDT
thuoc tr con trung.
HOAT ONG 3
GV mo ta th nghiem
theo SGK.
GV trnh bay
+ CH
3
CH
2
Br+HOH

khong
p/.
Cho 0,5ml CH
3
CH
2
Br vao
ong nghiem cha 2ml nc
cat, cho tiep 1ml dd NaOH
HS ham khao SGK
va viet PTHH.
1. The nguyen t haIogen
bang nhom OH
Th du
- Th nghiem ( .)
- Phan ng ( k t
0
un
nong)
CH
3
CH
2
Br+NaOH
loang
CH
3
-
CH
2
OH+NaBr
208
20%, un soi hon hp, lam
lanh hon hp p/
, gan lay phan dd trong
suot. Axit hoa bang HNO
3

e trung hoa NaOH tranh
tao AgOH, roi th bang dd
AgNO
3
. Cac p/
......
( Gv co the tham khao tai lieu tap
huan thc hanh lp 11 trang 17 e
biet ro cach TN va cac phan
ng phu)

Tong quat:
R-X + NaOH
Ioang

0
t
R-OH +
NaX

GV Sach HD trang 199.
Hnh 8.1

C
2
H
5
Br
KOH/ C
2
H
5
OH
dd Br
2

Dung dch Br
2
e phat
hien C
2
H
4
thoat ra.
2. Phan ng tach hirohaIogenua
* Th nghiem ( nh hnh ve).
* Phan ng
CH
2
- CH
2
+ KOH
H Br
C
2
H
5
OH
t
0
CH
2
=CH
2
+KBr + H
2
O

IV. NG DUNG
HOAT ONG 4
GV hng dan HS
nghien cu SGK, t
o thay vai tro quan
trong cua dan xuat
halogen.
GV cung cap them mat
trai cua cac dan xuat
halogen la tnh oc hai
cua no.
HS nghien cu SGK,
t o thay vai tro
quan trong cua dan
xuat halogen.
( SGK tr 176)

1. a2 nguyen lieu cho tong
h hu c.
a) San xuat nha tong hp PVC,
cao su cloropre, vat lieu sieu
ben teflon..
b) Lam nguyen lieu tong hp
cac hp chat khac.
2. a2 dung 2oi..

. Cac lnh vc khac.
CUNG CO
HOAT ONG 5
GV co the cho HS lam mot so bai tap hoan thanh day bien hoa t
hirocacbon thanh dan xuat halogen, sau o thanh ancol hoac thanh anken. e
HS c cung co ve tnh chat va phng phap ieu che dan xuat halogen.
4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap.
1. Co bao nhieu ong phan cau tao co cung cong thc phan t C
4
H
9
Br ?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
2. un nong hon hp X co CTPT C
4
H
9
Cl vi dung dch KOH/ C
2
H
5
OH thu c
hon hp hai anken ong phan cau tao cua nhau. Ten cua X la
A. 1 clobutan B. 2- clobutan C. 1 clo -2- metylpropan D. tert butyl
clorua.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3,4 ,5 ,6 trang 177 SGK.

209

2 ml
etanol
Mau Na
ba ng hat
a u xanh

BAI
40 .
ANCOL

1 56 oang Van oan 15/3/2008 04/ 4/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- nh ngha, phan loai, ong phan, danh phap, lien ket hiro cua ancol.
- Phng phap ieu che ancol va ng dung cua ancol etylic.
$ hieu:
- Tnh chat vat l va tnh chat hoa hoc cua ancol etylic.
2. K nang:
- Viet ung cong thc ong phan ancol; biet cach oc ten cua ancol khi
biet CTCT va viet
c CTCT khi biet ten.
- Van dung lien ket hiro giai thch mot so tnh chat vat l cua ancol.
- Van dung tnh chat hoa hoc cua ancol e giai ung bai tap lien quan.
- Tien hanh cac th nghiem theo nhom; biet cach quan sat, phan tch va
giai thch cac hien
tng th nghiem.
II/ CHUAN B.
1. Mo hnh lap ghep cua phan t ancol e minh hoa phan nh ngha, ong
phan, bac cua ancol. Bang nhiet o soi cua mot so chat (ankan, dan
xuat halogen va ancol co phan t khoi bang hoac gan bang nhau).
2. Dung cu Cac ong nghiem, gia e ong nghiem, gia th nghiem, kep go.
3. Hoa chat ancol etylic khan, natri, ancol iso amylic, axit sunfuric ac, axit axetic
ac, dung dch NaOH va dung dch CuSO
4
( e ieu che Cu(OH)
2
, day Cu,
glixerol.

III/PHNG PHAP. ( Xem iem lu y va phng phap day hoc SH'D' tr202 204)
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
c Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:
HOAT ONG CUA
GV
HOAT ONG CUA
H$
NOI DUNG
I. INH NGHA, PHAN LOAI
HOAT ONG 1:
210
GV cho HS viet cong
thc mot vai ancol (
a biet va gii
thieu them).
GV yeu cau HS nhan
xet iem giong nhau
ve cau tao phan t
cua cac ancol tren.
HS viet cong thc
mot vai ancol.

Y/C Phan t cung
cha nhom OH.
1. nh ngha.
Ancol la nhng hp chat hu c
trong phan t co nhom hiroxyl
OH lien ket trc tiep vi
nguyen t cacbon no.
*

GV ghi nhan cac phat
bieu cua HS, chnh l
lai e dan en nh
ngha.
Da vao SGK HS
neu nh ngha.
V du
+ CH
3
OH, CH
3
CH
2
OH.
+ CH
2
= CH- CH
2
OH.
HOAT ONG 2
GV co the yeu cau
HS nghien cu noi
dung SGK t o giai
thch s phan loai oi
vi cac v du a cho.
GV yeu cau HS phan
loai ancol oi vi mot
vai ancol n gian
khac ( do HS hoac GV
neu) e khac sau
khai niem. Th du
+ CH
3
OH, CH
3
CH
2
OH.
+ C
6
H
11
OH..
+ CH
2
= CH- CH
2
OH.
+ C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH
+ ( nh tren)
+ C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
, C
3
H
5

(OH)
3
.
GV dung li mo ta
cau tao tng loai
ancol.
Va he thong khai
quat hoa.( GV co the
dung lam bang phu)
2. Phan Ioai.
C $ PHAN
LOAI

$o Ing nhom -OH
Mot nhom
OH
Nhieu
nhom OH
Goc
hirocacbo
n
( h,
vong)
No , mach
h
a) Ancol no, n
chc, mach
h.
e) Ancol no, mach
h, a chc.
khong no,
mach h
b) Ancol khong
no, n chc,
mach h, .

Thm c) Ancol thm,
n chc.

No ( vong) d) Ancol vong
no, n chc.

Trong so cac ancoI tren, co:
Bac
cacbon
* Ancol bac 1 la ancol co nhom -OH
lien ket
vi cacbon bac 1.
lien ket
vi cacbon bac 2.
lien ket
vi cacbon bac 3.
* Khong co ancol bac 4.

II . ONG PHAN, DANH PHAP.
HOAT ONG 3
GV hng dan HS
cach viet CTCT cac
ancol ong phan.
* Viet mach C khong
nhanh, sau o gan
nhom OH vao cac
nguyen t C khac
nhau trong mach.

GV yeu cau HS so
sanh mach C va v tr
OH trong cac CTCT,
t o gii thieu
HS cach viet CTCT
cac ancol ong
phan.

HS so sanh mach C
va v tr OH trong cac
CTCT, t o gii
thieu ong phan
mach C, ong phan
v tr nhom chc

1. ong phan. Co 3 loai

1. P v tr nhom
chc
P ru
co OH
2. P mach cacbon
3. P nhom chc. P ete
co O-
Ch xet ong phan ru.
Th du cac ong phan ru
cua C
4
H
9
OH la
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH (1)
211
ong phan mach C,
ong phan v tr
nhom chc.

GV dan dat HS cach
lam thuan li e tao
ra CTCT cac ong
phan mach C, CTCT
cac ong phan v tr
nhom chc.
HS viet cac P ru
cua C
4
H
9
OH ( 4 P).
(3) CH
3
- CH - CH -
OH
CH
3
(4)
CH
3
C
CH
3
CH
3
OH
(2)
CH
3
- CH
2
- CH - CH
3
OH

HOAT ONG 4
GV GV trnh bay (
hoac HS oc) qui tac
viet ten ancol trong
SGK trang 180, roi oc
ten mot chat e
lam mau. Sau o, GV
cho ten ancol , yeu
cau HS viet CT va
ngc lai.

GV yeu cau HS xem
cac thc hien goi
ten ( 2 dong cuoi
trang 180 SGK)

GV cho v du tuy y

HS oc qui tac viet
ten ancol trong SGK
trang 180.

HS viet CT va ngc
lai.

2. Danh phap.
a) Ten thong thng:
Qui tac
AncoI + ten goc ankyI+
ic
Th du
CH
3
OH Ancol metylic
CH
3
- C - OH Ancol ter - butylic
CH
3
CH
3

CH
3
-CH
2
-CH-OH Ancol sec-butyli c
CH
3
.
CH
2
= CHCHOH Ancol alylic
HOCH
2
CH
2
OH Etilen glicol ..
CH
2
OH-CHOH-CH
2
OH gIixeroI
b) Ten thay the:
Cac bc:
* Chon mach chJnh dai nhat
cha OH
* anh so th t u tien phJa
co OH gan nhat.
Qui tac
Ten hirocacbon tng ng vi mach chnh + so ch v tr
OH +oI
HS ap dung goi ten. V du
CH
3
- C - OH 2-metyl propan-2-ol
CH
3
CH
3
1
2
3
...
III. TNH CHAT VAT L
HOAT ONG 5
GV hng dan HS
nghien cu bang 8.2
SGK e tm nguyen
nhan nhiet o nong
chay, nhiet o soi,
o tan trong nc cua
dan HS nghien cu
bang 8.2 SGK e tm
nguyen nhan nhiet
o nong chay, nhiet
o soi, o tan trong
nc cua ancol eu
(SGK).
1) Khai nie2 ve lien ket
hiro.
- Lien ket gia nguyen t H
mang mot phan ien tch dng
cua nhom OH nay khi gan
212
ancol eu cao hn
nhieu so vi cac
chat ong phan.
GV hng dan HS
giai quyet van e
theo hai bc.
(1) Xet khai niem (lk)
hiro.
(2)Anh hng cua
(lk) hiro en tnh chat
vat l.
cao hn nhieu so vi
cac chat ong
phan.

nguyen t O mang mot phan
ien tch am cua nhom OH kia
tao thanh mot lien ket yeu goi
la lien ket hiro
Th du
- Lien ket hiro gia cac phan
t ancol:
O - H
R
O - H
R
O - H
R
O - H
R

GV thong bao them
cac poli ancol nh etilen
glicol, grixerol la cac
chat long kha nang
tao lien ket hiro tot
hn ancol n chc co
phan t khoi tng
ng, nang hn nc
va co v ngot. Cac
ancol trong day ong
ang cua ru etylic
la nhng chat khong
mau.
- Gia cac phan t ancol vi
nc.
O - H
R
O - H
H
O - H
R
O - H
H

2) Anh hPng cuPa lien ket
hiro en tnh chat vat l.( cuPa
ancol)
- Tan nhieu trong nc.
- Co nhiet o soi cao hn cac
hirocacbon co cung M vi ru.

4/ Cung co: * Viet CH
2
= CH CH
2
OH , ch khong viet HO- CH = CH CH
3
;
tc nhom OH lien ket trc tiep vi nguyen t cacbon no ch khong lien ket
vi nguyen t cacbon co
noi boi, oi vi ru khong no.
Chu y ve ten goi

CH
3
- CH -
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
isopropyl, CH
3
-CH-CH
2
-
CH
3
isobutyl...

CH
3
-CH
2
- CH - sec -butyl ( butyl ba c )
CH
3

CH
3
- C - ter - butyl ( butyl bac )
CH
3
CH
3

Hay goi ten cac ancol sau
CH
2
= CHCHOH (prop-2-en -1-ol)
HOCH
2
CH
2
OH (etan-1,2- iol)

5/ Bai tap ve nha:

213

BAI
40 .
ANCOL

2
57
oang Van oan
18/
3/2008
07/4 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
$ biet:
- nh ngha, phan loai, ong phan, danh phap, lien ket hiro cua ancol.
- Phng phap ieu che ancol va ng dung cua ancol etylic.
$ hieu:
- Tnh chat vat l va tnh chat hoa hoc cua ancol etylic.
2. K nang:
- Viet ung cong thc ong phan ancol; biet cach oc ten cua ancol khi
biet CTCT va viet
c CTCT khi biet ten.
- Van dung lien ket hiro giai thch mot so tnh chat vat l cua ancol.
- Van dung tnh chat hoa hoc cua ancol e giai ung bai tap lien quan.
- Tien hanh cac th nghiem theo nhom; biet cach quan sat, phan tch va
giai thch cac hien
tng th nghiem.
II/ CHUAN B.
4. Mo hnh lap ghep cua phan t ancol e minh hoa phan nh ngha, ong
phan, bac cua ancol. Bang nhiet o soi cua mot so chat (ankan, dan
xuat halogen va ancol co phan t khoi bang hoac gan bang nhau).
5. Dung cu Cac ong nghiem, gia e ong nghiem, gia th nghiem, kep go.
6. Hoa chat ancol etylic khan, natri, ancol isoamylic, axit sunfuric ac, axit axetic
ac, dung dch NaOH va dung dch CuSO
4
( e ieu che Cu(OH)
2
, ay Cu,
glixerol.

III/PHNG PHAP. ( Xem iem lu y va phng phap day hoc SH'D' tr202 204)

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:
IV. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
HOAT ONG 6
Khai quat tnh chat
hoa hoc cuPa ancol:
GV cho HS nhac lai ac
iem cau tao cua
phan t ancol va tren
HS nhac lai ac
iem cau tao cua
phan t ancol va
tren c s cac tnh
- Do phan cc cua cac lien ket
cac phan ng hoa hoc cua
ancol xay ra chu yeu nhom
chc OH o la
214
c s cac tnh chat
cua ancol etylic (lp 9)
t o HS co the suy ra
tnh chat hoa hoc chung
cua ancol.
chat cua ancol etylic (
a hoc lp 9) t
o HS co the suy ra
tnh chat hoa hoc
chung cua ancol.

* Phan ng the nguyen t H
nhom OH
* Phan ng the nhom OH
* Phan ng tach nhom OH
cung vi H trong goc hirocacbon
( loai H
2
O).

HOAT ONG 7
GV Khai quat Cac
ancol eu co kha
nang tac dung vi
Na tao ancolat + H
2
.
Cac ancol lat de b
thuy phan thanh
Ancol + NaOH.
GV co the la2 TN
theo hinh 8.4 $GK
trang 18.
+ /c Cu(OH)
2

+ Glixerol + Cu(OH)
2

tao
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OH
O
O
O
H H
O
CH
2
CH
CH
2
HO
Cu

la mot phc tan
mau xanh da tri.
( Lam TN oi chng)

HS theo doi TN.
1. Phan ng the H cua nhom
OH.
a) Tnh chat chung cuPa ancol.
- Tac dung vi kim loai kiem (
Na, K)
Tong quat
C
n
H
2n + 1
OH +NaC
n
H
2n + 1
ONa+
1
2
H
2

+ Cac ancol + NaOH hau nh
khong phan ng.
b) Tnh chat ac trng cuPa
glixerol.
Dung phan ng nay e phan
biet ancol n chc vi ancol a
chc ( co nhom OH lien ke).
2C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ Cu(OH)
2
[C
3
H
5
(OH)
2
O]
2
Cu + 2H
2
O
Mau xanh ong () glixerat
Mau xanh lam
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OH
OH
OH
Cu(OH)
2
2
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OH
O
O
O
H H
O
CH
2
CH
CH
2
HO
Cu
2 H
2
O
Hay

HOAT ONG 8
GV co the cho HS
nghien cu SGK trang
183.
A = Cl, NO
2
, SO
3
H
HS nghien cu SGK
trang 183.
HS viet V du
2. Phan ng the nhom OH.
!haPn ng vi axit vo c.
%": R-OH + HA
(ac)

R -A +
H
2
O
HOAT ONG 9
215
GV yeu cau HS nhac
lai phan ng ieu
che etilen t ru
etylic trong PTN a
hoc (SGK) trang 131.
Trong o Phan ng
tach nhom OH cung
vi H trong goc
hirocacbon (C lien
ke) e (loai H
2
O).
Tr metanol.
Lu y Khong neu qui
tac Zai xep ma ch
dng lai v du
etanol va propanol.

GV thong bao c
che nhom RO cua
phan t nay se thay
the nhom OH cua
phan t kia
R O R' ankyl ete.
( neu R, R' la goc
hirocacbon no)
HS nhac lai phan
ng ieu che etilen
t ru etylic trong
PTN a hoc (SGK)
trang 131.

HS da vao SGK lay
v du minh hoa oi
vi C
2
H
5
OH.
3. Phan ng tach nc:
a) T mot phan t ru ( tao
anken)

CH
2
= CH
2 H
2
O
+
ancol etyl ic
etilen
CH
2
- CH
2
H
OH
H
2
SO
4
ac
170
0
C

oi vi cac ancol no, n chc,
mach h. Trong k tng t
C
n
H
2n +1
OH
0
H2SO4ac,170 C
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
O

b) T hai phan t ru ( Phan
ng vi ancoI tao ete)
TQ
R -OH + H -O-R'
0
H2SO4 a c , 140 C

R O R' +
H
2
O
Th du.

HOAT ONG 10
GV trnh bay hoac
bieu dien th nghiem
neu trong SGK tr184.

GV tom tat thanh s
o
oxi hoa
Ancol ba c Anehit

Ancol etylic
khan
Da y o ng
cuo n loxo
N c
Da y ong
xuyen qua
nut cao su
Oxi hoaancol etylic
( khi da y ong nong oboen co n ra)

4. Phan ng oxi hoa
a) !haPn ng oxi hoa khong
hoan toan.
Oxi hoakhong
hoan toan
Anehit Ancol ba c

Th du
CH
3
- CH
O - H
H
Cu O +
t
0
CH
3
- C
O
H
+ Cu + H
2
O
anehi t axeti c (CH
3
CHO)

Oxi hoakho ng
hoan toan
xeton Ancol ba c

Th du
+
t
0
CH
3
- C- CH
3
O OH
CH
3
- CH - CH
3
CuO
+ Cu + H
2
O
axeton

+
t
0
CuO Ancol ba c
Kho ng phan ng

b) !haPn ng oxi hoa hoan
toan.
HOAT ONG 11
V. IEU CHE
GV yeu cau HS oc
SGK tai lp ( neu
con thi gian) va
tom tat cach ieu
HS oc SGK tai lp (
neu con thi gian)
va tom tat cach
ieu che, neu ng
1. Phng phap tong hp.
a)
+ Anken hp nc ( co xt)
216
che, neu ng dung
cua ancol hoac coi
nh mot bai tap ve
nha.
GV giup HS phan
biet c qui mo
ieu che. Co the
yeu cau HS tm hieu
quy trnh san xuat
ru uong trong nha
may.
dung cua ancol hoac
coi nh mot bai tap
ve nha.

HS tm hieu quy trnh
san xuat ru uong
trong nha may.

HS len bang viet s
o theo SGK tr185.
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
O
0
, xt t
C
n
H
2n+1
OH
Th du
C
2
H
4
+ H
2
O
0
2 4
H SO , t
C
2
H
5
OH
+ %huy phan dan xuat halogen
R-X + NaOH
0
t
ROH + NaX
Th du
CH
3
Cl + NaOH
0
t
CH
3
OH+ NaCl
b) %oang hp glixerol ( t propilen)
GV Cho HS oc tai
lp.
..
GV Cho HS oc tai
lp.
HS oc tai lp. 2. Phng phap sinh hoa. ( $GK)
T tinh bot .
VI . NG DUNG
GV Cho HS oc tai
lp.
HS oc tai lp. ( Xem s o mot so ng dung
$GK trang 186)
HOAT ONG 12 CUNG CO
- HS can biet etanol, metanol la nhng ancol c s dung nhieu trong
cong nghiep va trong i song. Ben canh cac li ch, etanol va metanol
cung co nhng oc hai oi vi con ngi ( xem t lieu Etanol Dc
pham va thuoc oc, SGK trang 188)
4/ Cung co: Lam bai tap 2 $GK trang 186
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 3 en 9 trang 186 - 187 $GK.

BAI
41
PHENOL

2 58 oang Van oan 20/3 /2007 11/ 4/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet: Khai niem ve loai hp chat phenol; cau tao, tnh chat cua phenol
n gian nhat.
2. K nang:
- Phan biet phenol vi ancol thm.
- Viet cac PTHH cua phenol vi NaOH, Br
2
(dd).
II/ CHUAN B.
- Mo hnh phan t phenol.
- Hoa chat, dung cu phenol ran, dd phenol bao hoa, dd NaOH, Kim loai Na,
dd brom, etanol, ong nghiem, ong nho giot, en con, gia th nghiem.
III/PHNG PHAP. ( Xem iem lu y va phng phap giang day tr 210 -211).

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
a/
b/
/ oc bai 2i:
H$
NOI DUNG
217
I. NH NGHA , PHAN LOAI
HOAT ONG 1:
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK trang 189, t o rut
ra nh ngha phenol.
GV cho th du va at
cau hoi ; em hay so
sanh s giong nhau va
khac nhau ve cong thc
cua cac chat sau ay.
GV ghi nhan y kien
nhan xet va dan dat
en nh ngha phenol.
Phenol cung la ten
rieng cua chat (A). o
la chat phenol n gian
nhat tieu bieu cho cac
phenol. Chat (A), (B) .
phenol.
Chat (C ) co OH nh
vao mach nhanh cua
vong thm th thuoc loai
ancol thm.

HS nghien cu SGK,
t o rut ra nh
ngha phenol.
- HS cho y kien nhan
xet qua 3 th du.

_ Xem them th du
SGK.
1. nh ngha.
a) Th du
OH
OH
CH
3
CH
2
- OH
(A) (B)
(C)
Phenol ancol thm
Phenol 2-metyl phenol
ancol benzyl i c
(phenyl metanol )

!henol la nhng hp chat
hu c trong phan tP co
nho2 -O lien ket trc
tiep vi nguyen tP cacbon
trong vong benzen.
-Phenol n gian C
6
H
5
-OH.

- Nhom OH lien ket
vi C cua vong benzen
goi la OH phenol.
- C
6
H
5
goc phenyl.
GV hng dan HS oc
ten
Phenol
Phenol
2-metyl phenol
OH
OH
CH
3
4-metylphenol
CH
3
OH
(o-crezol )
(p-crezol )

Da vao SGK HS neu
khai niem va cho th
du minh hoa.

Goi ten
1,2 - ihiroxi -4-metylbenzen
HO
CH
3
OH
1
2
3
4

2. Phan Ioai.
C s -Da theo so lng
nhom OH trong phan t.

a) Phenol n chc: Phan t
ch co mot nhom OH
phenol.
Th du SGK (trang 189)

b) Phenol a chc: Phan t
cha hai hay nhieu nhom OH
phenol.
Th du SGK (trang 189)
II. PHENOL
HOAT ONG 2
218
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK e biet CTPT, CTCT
cua phenol.
GV cho HS trc quan mau
hoa chat cua phenol, lu
y oc hai de gay
bong nang.
Photocoppy bang tom tat
vat l cua phenol, t o
at cau hoi ieu
kien thng phenol
trang thai long hay ran?
Sau o cho HS quan sat
lo ng phenol e chng
minh ieu khang nh.
- Ts
,
t
nc
cua phenol cao hay
thap, trong dung dch
phenol co lien ket hiro
khong?
HS nghien cu SGK
e biet CTPT, CTCT
cua phenol.
HS quan sat mau
phenol ran mi lay ra
khoi lo sau o e ra
ngoai khong kh mot
lat ( chay ra, oi
mau). HS neu trang
thai, mau sac cua
phenol.

- HS so sanh vi T
S
,
T
nc
cua ben zen (5,5
va 80
0
C)
1. Cau tao.
- CTPT C
6
H
6
O ( M =94)
- CTCT C
6
H
5
OH
Hay
O
H

2. Tnh chat vat l
T
nong
chay
0
C.
43
T
soi
0
C. 182
o tan,g/100g
9,5g (25
0
C)
- t tan trong nc lanh, tan
nhieu trong nc nong.
- Rat oc, day vao tay gay
bong nang.
HOAT ONG 3
GV day hoc neu van
e
GV co the lam TN bieu
dien tnh chat cua
phenol.

Cho phenol ran vao ong
nghiem ng nc (a),
phenol ran vao ong (b)
cha dd NaOH.
HS nhan xet
GV Vay tnh axit cua
phenol manh ti mc o
nao?
GV ieu che va cho kh
CO
2
suc vao dd C
6
H
5
ONa.
HS quan sat va cho
nhan xet.. giai thch

-V benzen t tan trong
nc nhiet o
thng.
- Phenol tan c trong
dd NaOH la do phenol
co tnh axit.
HS da vao SGK viet
p/.
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc.
- Phenol co phan ng the H
nhom OH va co tnh chat
cua vong benzen.
a) !haPn ng the nghuyen
tP P nho2 O.
%ac dung vi kim loai kiem
2C
6
H
5
OH + NaC
6
H
5
ONa + H
2

natri phenola
Phan ng vi dung dch baz.
C
6
H
5
OH+ NaOHC
6
H
5
ONa+ H
2
O
(tan)
- Phenol co tJnh axit manh hn
ancol, nhng tJnh axit yeu, yeu
hn axit cac bonic va khong
lam oai mau giay qu.

T cau tao phan t
phenol co vong benzen
hay d oan phenol con
co tnh chat hoa hoc
nao?
GV lam th nghiem phenol
tac dung vi dd brom,
thong bao san pham
2,4,6 tribromphenol ket
tua trang..
GV giai thch:
a) Anh hung cua gc phenyl
ln nhm : gc C
H
5
hut
e lam cho lin kt O H bi

T cau tao phan t
phenol co vong
benzen HS hay d
oan phenol con co
tnh chat hoa hoc
nao?

HS quan sat th
nghiem, neu hien
tng , nhan xet.

C
6
H
5
ONa+ H
2
O +CO
2
C
6
H
5
OH +
NaHCO
3
Nhn xet Vong benzen a la2
tang khaP nang phaPn ng cuPa
nguyen tP trong nho2 -O hn
so vi phan tP ancol.
b) !haPn ng the nguyen
tP cuPa vong benzen.
- Vi dung dch brom.
OH
Br
Br
Br
OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH
3Br
2
+
+ 3HBr
2,4,6 - tri brom phenol ( tra ng)

Nhan xet:
219
phn cuc H linh dng hon H
cua OH trong ancol
phenol co tinh axit yu ( yu
hon H
2
CO
3
)
b)Anh hung cua nhm
ln gc phenyl: Nhom OH
dy e lam tng mt d e o vi tri
2,4, Pu th vao vi tri o- ,
p-

O
H

-Anh hPng cuPa nho2 -
O en vong benzen, o
la: Nguyen t H trong phan
t phenol de b thay the hn
nguyen t H trong benzen ( t/d
vi Br
2
)
-APnh hPng cuPa vong
benzen en nho2 -O, o
la: Vong benzen lam tang
kha nang phan ng cua
nguyen t H trong nhom OH
hn trong ancol ( phenol co tnh
axit t/d vi NaOH). o la ket
quaP cuPa s aPnh hPng qua
lai gia cac nguyen tP
trong phan tP.
HOAT ONG 4
4. ieu che. ( $GK)
Trong cong nghiep:
CH
2
= CH - CH
3
H
+
- CH - CH
3
CH
3
isopropyl benzen
(cumen)
1. O
2
kk
2. dd H
2
SO
4
OH
O
CH
3
- C - CH
3
+
axeton
un nong vangng tu
Phenol
Benzen

Hoac C
6
H
6
C
6
H
5
Br C
6
H
5
ONa C
6
H
5
OH ( GV viet p/ cu the).
- Ngoai ra phenol con c tach t nha than da, luyen than coc.
GV 5. ng dung ( SGK trang 192)
4/ Cung co: Nhac lai tnhchat hoa hoc cua phenol, so sanh vi tnh chat
cua ancol.
5/ Bai tap ve nha: (1 -6) trang 193 $GK.
Phenol co lin kt hidr lin phn tu
O H O H

BAI
42 .
&>N TA>!
DAN XUAT HALOGEN , ANCOL VA PHENOL

59
oang Van oan
22/ 3
/2007
14/ 4 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
1. Kien thc:
- Cung co va he thong la tnh chat hoa hoc cua dan xuat halogen va
mot so phng phap
ieu che.
- Moi quan he chuyen hoa gia hirocacbon va ancol phenol qua hp chat
trung gian la
dan xuat halogen.
2. K nang:
220
- Viet PTHH bieu dien cac phan ng cua ancol va phenol.
- Viet PTHH cua phan ng chuyen hoa t hirocacbon thanh cac dan
xuat.
II/ CHUAN B.
- He thong cau hoi ve cac noi dung chnh can tong ket ( cong thc
chung, CTCT, danh phap, tnh chat). He thong cau hoi lien quan ket noi
hirocacbon vi ancol, phenol qua dan xuat halogen.
- On tap, so sanh etanol vi phenol ve ac iem cau tao va tnh chat
hoa hoc.
III/PHNG PHAP. ( Xem iem lu y va phng phap giang day tr 214 -215).
2/ Kie2 tra bai cu: Bai tap SGK trang
/ oc bai 2i:
I. KIEN THUC CAN NAM VNG
HOAT ONG 1: ( H thng Ii kin thc cn nh)
GV co the chuan b bang trong theo cac noi
dung SGK. Theo he thong cac cau hoi a c
chuan b, GV yeu cau HS lan lt bo sung
kien thc vao cac o trong bang.
Thong qua bang, GV hng dan HS so sanh
gia dan xuat halogen vi ancol ve mat hnh
thc phan ng ( the, tach).
HS lan lt bo sung kien
thc vao cac o trong bang.
HS so sanh gia dan xuat
halogen vi ancol ve mat
hnh thc phan ng ( the,
tach).
NOI DUNG
Dan xuat halogen
C
x
H
y
X
Ancol no, n chc C
n
H
2n +
1
OH
Phenol C
6
H
5
OH
1.Bac
cua
nhom
chc
Bac cua dan
xuat halo gen
bang bac cua
nguyen t C lien
ket vi X
Bac cua ancol bang bac
cua nguyen t C lien
ket vi -OH

2. The X
hoac -
OH
C
x
H
y
X C
x
H
y
OH C
n
H
2n + 1
OH C
n
H
2n + 1
Br
2C
n
H
2n + 1
OH
, xt
0
t

C
n
H
2n + 1
OC
n
H
2n + 1
+ H
2
O

3. The H
cua -OH
2R -OH + Na 2RONa + H
2

R = C
n
H
2n + 1
hoac C
6
H
5

4. Tac
HX hoac
H
2
O
C
n
H
2n +1
X
C
n
H
2n
+HX
C
n
H
2n + 1
OH
, xt
0
t

C
n
H
2n
+ H
2
O

5. The H
vong
benzen

OH
Br
Br
Br
3Br
2
+
+ 3HBr
2,4,6 - tribrom phenol ( trang)

OH
3HNO
3
+
2,4,6 - trintrro phenol
NO
2
NO
2
NO
2

6.Phan
ng oxi
RCH
2
OH
0
CuO
t
RCH= O
221
hoa
khong
hoan
toan
RCH(OH)R'
0
CuO
t
RCOR'
7ieu
che
- The H cua
hirocacbon bang
X
- Cong HX hoac
X
2
vao anken,
ankin..
- Cong H
2
O vao anken
- The X cua dan
xuat halogen
- ieu che etanol t
tinh bot.
- The H cua benzen
- Oxi hoa cumen

II. BAI TAP (trang 195)
1. Viet CTCT va goi ten cac dan
xuat halogen co cong thc phan t
C
4
H
9
Cl; cac ancol mach h co cong
thc phan t C
4
H
10
O, C
4
H
8
O.
2. Viet PTHH cua cac p/ gia
etylbromua vi dd NaOH, un nong; dd
NaOH + C
2
H
5
OH un nong.
3. Viet PTHH cua phan ng ( Neu
xay ra) gia ancol etylic, phenol vi
moi chat sau Na, NaOH, nc Br
2
, dd
HNO
3
.
4. Ghi ( ung) va S ( sai) ben canh
cac cau sau
a) Hp chat C
6
H
5
-CH
2
-OH khong thuoc
loai hp chat phenol ma thuoc loai
ancol thm.
b) Ancol etylic co the hoa tan tot
phenol, nc.
c) Ancol va phenol eu co the tac
dung vi Na sinh ra kh H
2
.
d) Phenol co tnh axit yeu nhng dung
dch phenol trong nc khong lam oi
mau qu tm.
e) Phenol tan trong dung dch NaOH la
do phenol a phan ng vi NaOH tao
thanh muoi tan.
g) Phenol tan trong dung dch NaOH ch
la s hoa tan bnh thng.
h) Dung dch phenol trong nc lam qu
tm hoa o.

C
4
H
9
Cl

C
4
H
10
O
C
4
H
8
O

5. Hoan thanh cac day chuyen hoa
sau bang cac phng trnh hoa hoc.
a) Metan axetilen etilen etanol axit
axetic
b) Benzen brombenzen natri phenolat
phenol2,4,6 tribrom phenol
6. Cho hon hp gom etanol va phenol
tac dung vi Na (d) thu c 3,35 lt
kh hiro ( ktc). Neu cho hon hp tren

222
tac dung vi dung dch nc brom
va u thu c 19,86 g ket tua
trang 2,4,6 tribrom phenol.
a) Viet phng trnh hoa hoc cua cac
phan ng xay ra.
b) Tnh thanh phan phan tram khoi
lng cua moi chat co trong hon hp
a dung.
7. Trong cac chat sau, chat nao co
nhiet o soi cao nhat?
A. phenol B. etanol
C. imetylete D. metanol
5/ Bai tap ve nha: Giai va xem lai ac bai tap.

BAI
43 .
BAI TCC AN 5
TNH CHAT CUAETANOL, GLIXEROL VA PHENOL

60 oang Van oan 25/ 3/2008 18/ 4 /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)


1. Kien thc:
Biet cach tien hanh va k thuat thc hien cac th nghiem ve tnh chat
hoa hoc ac trng cua etanol, phenol, glixerol etanol tac dung vi natri; glixerol tac
dung vi ong () hiroxit; phenol tac dung vi dung dch natri hiroxit va nc brom;
Phan biet ancol, phenol, glixerol.
2. K nang:
223
- Tiep tuc ren luyen k nang thc hanh va quan sat th nghiem hoa hu
c.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. Dung cu th nghiem
- Ong nghiem - Ong nho giot - Kep go - Gia e
ong nghiem
- en con - Kep sat nho - Dao nho e cat Na.
2. Hoa chat
- Etanol (C
2
H
5
OH khan), phenol, glixerol, kim loai Na, dung dch NaOH 10%, dung
dch CuSO
4
2%, dung dch Br
2
, nc cat.
Dung cu va hoa chat u e HS lam thc hanh theo nhom.
3. HS on tap nhng kien thc co lien quan en bai thc hanh ve etanol,
glixerol, phenol.



HNH VE CACH TIEN HANH
Th nghie2 1: EtanoI tac dung vi natri

2 ml
etanol
Mau Na
ba ng hat
a u xanh

- Cho mau Na bang hat au
xanh vao ong nghiem kho
cha san 2 ml etanol khan.
Bt mieng ong nghiem bang ngon tay cai. Khi phan ng ket thuc, a mieng
ong nghiem lai gan ngon la en con va bo ngon tay bt mieng ong
nghiem ra. Nhan xet va giai thch cac hien tng th nghiem a xay ra.

Th nghie2 2: GIixeroI tac dung vi ong (II) hiroxit.
Lac nhe
3- 4 gi ot dd CuSO
4
2 %
2- 3 giot dd NaOH 10 %

(1) (2)
2-3 giot glixerol
2-3 gi ot etanol
La c nhe

- Chuan b hai ong nghiem
va tien hanh cho cac dung
dch hoa chat vao hai ong
c tien hanh th t theo
nh hnh ve. Lac nhe ca hai ong sau cho vao xong.Quan sat hien tng trong hai
ong nghiem. Giai thch.
Th nghie2 : PhenoI tac dung vi nc brom
224

0,5 ml dd
phenol
Nhotng
giot nc
brom
Lac nhe

- Tien hanh theo nh hnh ve.
- Quan sat hien tng ong nghiem.
Giai thch.
Th nghie2 4: Phan biet etanoI, phenoI, gIixeroI
Ba ong nghi em khong nhan ch a ba chat
ri eng bi et trong moi lol a etanol, phenol
vagli xerol .

(1) (2)
(3)

- Hay phan biet tng chat trong
moi ong nghiem bang phng phap
hoa hoc.

4/ Cung co:
5/ Bai tap ve nha: Dan do on tap kiem tra 45 phut

KIEM TRA 45 PHUT
4 61 oang Van oan 14/4/2008 21/4/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

- Nham anh gia chat lng day va hoc cua giao vien va hoc sinh va
s phoi hp trong hoat ong day hoc.
- anh gia tnh hnh oi tng hoc sinh, e co bien phap uon nan kp
thi.
- Cai tien phng phap day va hoc cua giao vien va hoc sinh.
225

II/ CHUAN B. Noi dung bai kiem tra Trac nguyen 12 cau ( 6 iem), t luan 2
cau ( 4 iem)

III/PHNG PHAP. Trac nghiem va t luan.

IV/ HNH THC THC HIEN. Kiem tra chung toan trng.

( E BAI KIEM TRA VA AP AN)

BAI
44
CHNG 9: ANEHIT -XETON -AXIT CACBOXYLIC
ANEHIT - XETON

4 62 oang Van oan 23/ 3/2008 25/ 4/2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)

I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR 221 - 222)
1. Kien thc:
- $ biet: Khai niem ve anehit, xeton; tnh chat cua anehit, xeton; s giong
nhau va
khac nhau gia chung.
2. K nang:
- Viet CTCT, goi ten cac anehit no chc, mach h.
- Giai bai tap ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua anehit.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. GV: - Th nghiem phan ng trang bac cua andehit.
- Cac cau hoi lien quan ancol anehit, xeton cho phan kiem tra bai cu.

226
2. $: On tnh chat cua ancol, ac biet la tnh chat b oxi hoa cua ancol bac ,
ancol bac .

III/PHNG PHAP. ( Xem H'D' tr 223 225).

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:
A-ANEHIT
HOAT ONG CUA GV HOAT ONG CUA H$ NOI DUNG
I . NH NGHA, PHAN LOAI, DANH PHAP
HOAT ONG 1:
GV co the cho HS nghien
cu SGK e tm hieu nh
ngha ane hit, sau o cho
mot so v du va mot so
chat khong co nhom
CHO e HS la chon hoac
a di dang cau hoi
trac nghiem. Th du
CH
3
CHO, C
2
H
5
OH, HCHO.
HS la chon hoac
a di dang
cau hoi trac
nghiem.
1. nh ngha.
ndehit: La hp cht huu co phn tu
co chua nhom CHO lin kt truc tip
voi gc hidrocacbon hay nguyn tu H
-Nhom-CHO la nhom chuc cua
andehit.

Vi du:
HCHO, CH
3
CH O, C
H
5
CHO,
OCH CHO, CH
2
CH CH O.

GV hoi c s e phan
loai anehit la g?
Chu y: Ch xet chu
yeu cho cac an ehit no,
n chc, mac h.
HS da vao SGK
tra li.
2 Phan Ioai.
Da theo ac iem goc
hirocacbon va so lng nhom
- CHO.
GV hoi
Co may loai goc
hirocacbon? ( No, mach
h; no mach vong, khong
no, thm).
Mot nhom chc. Nhieu
nhom chc.
GV dan HS lap bang
phan loai va lay th du. (
S qua phan o) va sau
o
Theo goc
hirocacbon
Theo so Ing nhom chc -
CHO
n chc a chc
No
( mach h)
HCHO
CH
3
CH O
OCH CHO
OCHCH
2
-CHO
Khong no CH
2
CHCH O *
Thm C
H
5
CHO
CH=O
CH=O

Tong quat R- CH= O R' (CH = O)
n
n
2 K

Phn loai Andehit
Don no C
x
H
2x1
CHO
xK0
HS xem SGK e
rut ra cach goi
ten (cac anehit
no, n chc,
mach h, khong
nhanh) theo 2
3. Danh phap.
a) %n thng thung :
Tn Andehit + tn axit tuong ng
Th du ( xem bang)
b) %n thay th:
227
C
n
H
2n
O
nK1
Don khng no C
n
H
2n-1
CHO
Thom don C
n
H
2n-7
CHO

GV yeu cu HS xem SGK
e rut ra cach goi ten
(cac anehit no, n chc,
mach h, khong nhanh)
theo 2 cach (xem bang 9.2
SGK trang 199 va mach co
nhanh SGK trang 198

cach (xem bang
9.2 SGK trang 199
va mach co
nhanh SGK trang
198
Th du

CH
3
- CH - CH
2
-CHO
CH
3
1 2 3 4
3 -metylbutanal

-Chon mach C di nht chua nhm
CHO lam mach chinh.
-Danh s tu -
1
CHO
Hidrocacbon tuong ung al
Lu y
Andehit Tn thay th
Tn thng
thung
HCHO Metanal AndehitIomic
(Iomandehit)
CH
3
CHO Etanal Andehitaxetic
(axetan dehit)
CH
3
CH
2
CHO Propanal Andehit
propionic
(propionan
dehit)
CH
2
CH-CHO Prop-2-en-
1-al
Andehit
acrylic
CH
3
-CHCH-
CHO
ut-2-en-1-
al
Andehit
crotonic
CHO

Andehit ben
zoic (benzan
dehit )

II. lC lIM CU TO. TNH CHT VT L
HOAT ONG 2
GV khai quat
-Hop .t .a.-43l. la hp cht
co chua nhom cacbonyl (CO)
C O
120
o

- Nguyn tu C co trang thai lai
hoa sp
2

- Lin kt C O gm 1 lin kt
9 bn va 1 lin kt 6 kem bn
- Goc CCC 120
o

va sau o tom tat noi
dung.
HS tham khao SGK

HS tham khao SGK
1. ac iem cau tao:
- Trong anehit co cha nhom
chc
- C
O
H
CH= O, cocau tao

- Lin kt C O gm 1 lin kt 9 bn
va 1 lin kt 6 kem bn. Vay anehit
co tnh chat giong anken. Cac
anehit co tnh oxi hoa va tnh
kh.
2. Tnh chat vat I:
- Do ac iem cau tao nhom -
CH=O
( khong co nhom OH), v vay
khong tao lien ket hiro.
- Cac anehit co nhiet o soi
thap hn so vi ru co cung
so nguyen t C.
- HCHO, CH
3
CHO la chat kh,
tan tot tan tot trong nc. Con
228
lai la chat long hoac ran, khi
M cang ln th o tan giam.
- Dung dch HCHO trong nc
goi la fomon, dung dch bao
hoa 37-40% goi la fomalin.
HOAT ONG 3
GV tom tat
Anehit Ancol ba c
kh

O
-COOH hoac - C
OH

Ton tai di dang muoi
nh HCOONH
4
, CH
3
- COONH
4
.

GV Lam th nghiem ( xem
hnh ve)
GV neu ng dung cua
phan ng.
HS van dung
phan ng cong
H-X vao lien ket
C = C oi
cua anken.

1. Phan ng cong hiro.
- Cong vao lien ket oi C =
O
H-CH= O + H
2

0
Ni,t
CH
3
OH
Metanal
metanol
CH
3
- CH=O+H
2

0
Ni,t
CH
3
-
CH
2
OH
Etanal etanol
Tong quat
R-CH=O + H
2

0
Ni,t
R-CH
2
-OH
Anehit ancol
(bac1)
(coxh) (ck)
2. Phan ng oxi hoa khong
hoan toan.
- Chuyen nhom CH= O thanh
nhom
O
-COOH hoac - C
OH

a) Vi AgO
3
trong dd H
3
.
Th du
HCHO + 2AgNO
3
+ H
2
O + 3NH
3
0
t
HCOONH
4
+ 2NH
4
NO
3
+ 2Ag
( ck) (coxh)

b) Vi oxi khong khJ.
TQ 2R-CHO+ O
2

0
, t xt
2
RCOOH
V du
2H-CHO+ O
2

2
M3

2 HCOOH
2CH
3
CHO+ O
2

2
M3

2CH
3
COOH
HOAT ONG 4
IV- IEU CHE
GV yeu cau HS lien he
tnh chat cua ancol bac
e neu c phng phap
ieu che chung

HS nghien cu
SGK e biet c
phng phap hien
ai ieu che mot
so anehit.
HS viet th du theo
SGK.
1. T ncol bac I:Tong quat
R-CH
2
OH + CuO
0
t
R-CHO + Cu +
H
2
O
Th du (SGK)
2. T hirocacbon.
- ieu che anehitfomic t
metan
CH
4
+ O
2

C
0
NO, 700
HCHO + H
2
O
- T etilen ( phng phap hien
229
kh
oxi hoa
Ancol bac Anehit

ai)
2CH
2
= CH
2
+ O
2

0
t
xt
2CH
3
CHO
- T axetilen
CHCH + HOH
4
0
HgSO
t C
CH
3
CHO
V. NG DUNG
GV co the gii thieu mot
so vat gan gui nh xo,
chau v thiet b ( san
xuat t nha phenolfoman
ehit) va xa phong, nc
hoa ( s dung anehit co
nguon goc thien nhien
lam hng lieu) e HS
biet c mot so ng
dung cua anehit.
HS tham khao
SGK trang 201.
- San xuat nha (
phenofomanehit, urefomandehit)
- dd HCHO tay ue, sat trung,
ngam xac.
- CH
3
CHO san xuat CH
3
COOH
- Anehit nguon goc thien
nhien lam hng lieu, my
pham.
4/ Cung co:
-GV cho HS xem cac mu nhua phenonIomadehit,cn kh.
GV giai thich:cn kh khng phai la ancon ma la san phm tu hp cua axetandehit co tn la
mtandehit.
-GV tng kt:Iomandehit,axetanddehit,axeton la nguyn liu quan trong cua cong nghip hoa
cht.bn canh li ich ma chung dem lai cn bit dn tinh dc hai cua no voi con nguoi va mi truong
5/ Bai tap ve nha: 203 -204 $GK.

CH
3
CHO + 2Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH CH
3
COONa Cu
2
O 3H
2
O

o gach
-------------------

BAI
44
CHNG 9: ANEHIT -XETON -AXIT CACBOXYLIC
ANEHIT - XETON

4 6 oang Van oan 25/ 3/2008 / /2008 11(Ch/tr chuan)
I/ MUC TIEU BAI HOC. ( H'D' TR 221 - 222)
1. Kien thc: - $ biet: Khai niem ve anehit, xeton; tnh chat cua anehit,xeton;
s giong nhau va
khac nhau gia chung.
2. K nang: - Viet CTCT, goi ten cac anehit no chc, mach h.
- Giai bai tap ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua anehit.

II/ CHUAN B.
1. GV: - Th nghiem phan ng trang bac cua andehit.
- Cac cau hoi lien quan ancol anehit, xeton cho phan kiem tra bai cu.

230
2. $: On tnh chat cua ancol, ac biet la tnh chat b oxi hoa cua ancol bac ,
ancol bac .

III/PHNG PHAP. ( Xem H'D' tr 223 225).

2/ Kie2 tra bai cu:
/ oc bai 2i:
B- XETON
HOAT ONG 5
GV cho HS nghien cu
SGK
HS nghien cu
SGK t o biet
c nh ngha
ve xeton.

Ten goi ( SGK
tr202)

HS viet th du theo
SGK

HS viet th du theo
SGK
I. NH NGHA
eton: La hp cht huu co co chua
nhom ~CO lien kt truc tip voi 2
gc hidro cacbon.
vi du: CH
3
COCH
3,
CH
3
COC
H
5
- Phan ng cong H
2
; Tong
quat
R-CO-R'
0
Ni,t
R- CH(OH)-R'
Th du
- Xeton khong tham gia p/ trang
bac.
III. IEU CHE
1. T ancoI Tong quat
R- CH(OH)-R'+ CuO
0
t
R-CO-R' + Cu +
H2O
Th du
2. T hirocacbon
OH CH
3
- -CH
3
C
O
CH
CH
3
CH
3
1. O
2
2. H
2
O, H
2
SO
4
+

GV cho HS tham khao SGK HS tham khao
SGK
IV. NG DUNG ( SGK TR 203)

HOAT ONG 8
Hot dng 13:cung c( pht
1. trong cac cht co cutao duoi dy cht nao khng phai la andehit:
A.HCHO . OCH-CH C. CH
3
-CO-CH
3
D. CH
3
-CHO
2.Cht CH
3
- CH
2
- CH
2
CO CH
3
co tn gi:
A. pent-4-on . pent-4-ol C. pent-2-on D. pent-2-ol
3. Nhn xet nao sau dy la dung:
A. andehit va xeton du lam mt mau dd nuoc brm
. andehit va xeton du khng lam mt mau dd nuoc brm
C.xeton lam mt mau dd nuoc brm, con andehit thi khng
D. andehit lam mt mau dd nuoc brm,con xeton thi khng
4. Chi dung mt hoa cht nao duoi dy d phn bit hai binh mt nhn chua khi C
2
H
2
va HCHO ?
A. DD AgNO
3
/NH
3
. DD NaOH C. DD r
2
D. Cu(OH)
2

5. d diu ch andehit tu ancon bng mt phan ung nguoi ta dung :
A. ancon bc mt .ancon bc hai C. ancon bc ba D. ancon bc mt va ancon bc hai

Tap Giao An Hoa Hoc 11 Co Ban

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Copyright:

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Tap Giao An Hoa Hoc 11 Co Ban

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1

(Noi dung hoan chnh va a chnh sa lan 1)

.o la cac axit 2ot

trong 2oi trng

trong dung dch.

= = 4n 14n + 2 = 4n.3,60 = 14,40n 0,40n = 2 n = 5

giup phan biet ank-1-in vi cac

+ Da n xua t hal ogen bac CH

+ Da n xua t hal ogen bac CH

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