Systematic Analysis Of Acid Radicals

Salt + dil. HCl Salt + dil. H2SO4 Salt + conc. H2SO4 Boil Brisk Effervescence of colourless, odourless gas Smell of Vinegar Colourless fuming gas with pungent smell which gives dense fumes with NH4OH or Ammonia Reddish Brown gas on prolonged heating More Brown Fumes White precipitate Carbonate Acetate Chloride (Cl-) NO3- maybe present HNO3 is quickly reduced to NO2 SO42- maybe present Acetate is Confirmed Chloride is Confirmed Nitrate is Confirmed SO42- is Confirmed NH4+ Maybe Present Pb2+ Maybe Present Maybe Cu2+, Cd2+ or As2+ Al3+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Mn2+ Zn2+ Ba2+, Sr2+ or Ca2+ Mg2+ NH4+ is Present NH4+ is Confirmed Pb2+ is Confirmed Al3+ is Confirmed

ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS

Paperball is added Salt + dil. HCl + BaCl2 Salt +H2O + Neutral Ferric Chloride (Boiled) Salt + dil. HNO3 + AgNO3 Salt + dil. H2SO4 Remove PPTClear Soln + FeSO4 +Conc. H2SO4 through sides Salt + BaCl2 PPT ; PPT +conc. HCl Salt + water + Lead Acetate Stock + Na2CO3 Stock + dil. HCl Stock + dil. HCl + H2S Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH

Confirmatory Tests for Acid Radicals

Red Solution (Turns Reddish Brown on Boiling) White Cheesy Precipitate Brown Ring b/w the 2 Layers PPT is insoluble White precipitate No PPT White PPT A PPT is Formed Thin White Gelatinous PPT Pale Green PPT Reddish Brown PPT Flesh Coloured PPT Dull Thick PPT White PPT White Crystalline PPT Smell Of NH3 Reddish Brown PPT Yellow PPT Yellow PPT (PPT dissolves in Hot Water) White PPT(dissolves)[White Gelatinous PPT]{Blue} Pale Brown PPT Dark Brown on Exposure to air White PPT (Dissolves in Excess NaOH) White PPT (Green Ash) Yellow PPT (Pale Green Flame) White PPT (Brick Red Flame) Blue PPT (Pink Ash)

Systematic Analysis Of Basic Radicals

Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + H2S Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3 Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Di Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate Stock + NaOH (Warmed) 2ml Nesselers Reagent + Stock Pb2+ Stock + Acetic Acid + Potassium Chromate Stock + KI (Boiled with Water) 3+ Al Stock + NaOH (in drops till excess)[+ NH4Cl]{Ash Test} Mn2+ Stock + NaOH(in drops till excess) 1 Drop Stock + 1pinch PbO2 + 1ml conc. HNO3 (boiled , cooled, diluted with water) Zn2+ Stock + NaOH (In drop till excess) Stock + Acetic Acid + Potassium Ferro Cyanide (Ash Test) Ba2+ Stock + Acetic Acid + K2Cr2O7 (Flame Test) Ca2+ Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Ammonium Oxalate (Flame Test) Mg2+ Stock + Magneson Reagent (Ash Test) NH4+

Confirmatory Tests for Basic Radicals

Zn2+ is Confirmed Ba2+ is Confirmed Ca2+ is Confirmed Mg2+ is Confirmed