A-PDF MERGER DEMO

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

TM TT KHA LUN TT NGHIP

CHUYN NGNH CNG NGH PHN MM

H NI 2005

I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC CNG NGH

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

TM TT KHA LUN TT NGHIP

CHUYN NGNH CNG NGH PHN MM

H NI - 2005

Mc lc
1. ng dng WorkFlow vo h thng E-Learning

Chu Th Kim Anh ........................................................................................................4

2. Tm hiu v vn dng mt s cng ngh tin tin trong phn mm hng i tng

Trng Cng i, Nguyn Phng Chnh..................................................................6

3. Nghin cu v ng dng mng Neutron trong nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit

Nguyn Th Minh nh.................................................................................................8

4. H thng qun l ti liu in t

Hong Minh Cng ...................................................................................................10

5. Nghin cu v ng dng trch chn c trng trong nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit

inh Vit Cng ........................................................................................................12

6. Nghin cu v trin khai ng dng vi Smart Card

Trng Cng Cng .................................................................................................14

7. H chuyn gia c lng d n phn mm

Nguyn Ngc Bo .......................................................................................................16

8. Tm kim vn bn v nh trn c s ni dung trong CSDL a phng tin

L Khnh Dng, V Minh Hiu.............................................................................18

9. K thut cng nh v ng dng

V Th o..................................................................................................................20
10. Xy dng cng c bin son bi ging tun theo chun SCORM

Nguyn Th Ngc ip, Nguyn Th Bnh Giang ....................................................22 11. Xy dng h thng qun l v bn sch trn mng Thanh H ..............................................................................................................24
12. Tm hiu phng php phn tch min v tin hnh phn tch trn min

Gio dc o to Hong Th H, Dng Th Hnh, Diu Hng....................................................26

13. Mng khng dy v cc ng dng cho thit b di ng

L Vit H...................................................................................................................28

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14. ng dng cng ngh hng i tng xy dng h thng iu khin giao thng

mt cch t ng Nguyn Hong H, Nguyn Hong Long, Trn Trung Thnh..............................30 15. H thng qun l nhn s ngnh gio dc v o to thnh ph H Ni Hong Xun Ho........................................................................................................32 16. Phn tch v thit k h thng mng vic lm Nguyn c Hi ............................................................................................................................. 34
17. Framework Struts

Phan Th Hng Hnh.................................................................................................36

18. Nghin cu v ng dng phn on nh trong nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit

Ng Tr Hoi...............................................................................................................38
19. Nng cao hiu qu mng Neutral bng thut ton di truyn trong h thng

chun on bnh ung th V Quc Huy ..............................................................................................................40

20. Xy dng thi kha biu bng cch kt hp phng php Heuristics v tng tc

ngi my Nguyn Vit Hng, Nguyn Vn Tun ....................................................................42

21. Nghin cu tch hp dch v nhn tin ngn vo cc cng thng tin in t

Phan Trn Hng ........................................................................................................44

22. K thut tr nh v ng dng

Th Th Hng...........................................................................................................46
23. Mt s phng php trong sp xp chui sinh hc

V Hng Khim..........................................................................................................48
24. S dng m hnh Maximum Entropy nhn dng mu da nh mu

Nguyn Tun Ngha ...................................................................................................50

25. Xy dng h thng bo in t trn nn tng Portal v CMS

Nguyn Bnh Nguyn .................................................................................................54

26. ng dng khung lm vic cho bi ton lp lch

V Vn Thch ............................................................................................................56
27. Tm kim d liu a phng tin

Nguyn i Thng .....................................................................................................60

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28. H thng qun l thng tin du lch

Chu Ngc Tun ........................................................................................................62

29. Xy dng v ng dng Portal

Nguyn Hu Tut ......................................................................................................64 30. Thc nghim v nh gi mt phng php nhn dng ch ting Vit in Trn H Tuyn...........................................................................................................68 31. Bi ton qun l hp ng xy dng c bn Nguyn Hong Tng..................................................................................................70
32. Phn tch thit k h thng h tr tip nhn h s lin lc cng dn v tr kt qu

th tc hnh chnh cho b phn mt ca ca cc s ban ngnh ca TP H Ni Ngc T .................................................................................................................72 Danh sch cn b B mn Cng ngh phn mm .............................................................74

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NG DNG WORKFLOW VO H THNG E-LEARNING

Chu Th Kim Anh MSV: 0121780 Email: chuthikimanh@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Nguyn Vit H ng hng dn: ThS.Trn V Vit Anh

1. Gii thiu
Hin nay vic qun l mt c s, c quan hay doanh nghip tr nn rt phc tp. C rt nhiu vn ny sinh trong hot ng nh th tc giy t, x k hnh chnh chm, s chng cho trong qun l thng tin gia cc b phn(do thiu qui trnh ng b), s lp li trong qun l(do thiu s thng nht)c bit l thng tin v trng thi ca vic x l mt tin trnh cng vic. T thc t ny chng ta thy cn phi c mt phng php theo di v qun l c nhng tin trnh x l cng vic v nng cao c hiu qu lao ng. N chnh l ng lc cho s ra i ca gii php Workflow, Wf l rt quan trong v n l mt thut ng k thut c gi tr. T nhng gi tr thit thc m Workflow em li, chng ti ng dng n vo lnh vc E-learning. Theo quan im vn da trn cch thc hc truyn thng, nghin cu ca chng ti ch mong mun gip qun l vic hc c thng nht v c hiu qu nhanh chng.
Activity 1 Cond Activity 2

V da trn nhng tng v mt h thng qun l Workflow(WFMS) chng ti mang ci nhn hng process vo trong mt h thng Elearning c th. WFMS l: mt phn mm ng gi c th c dng nh ngha, qun l v thc thi cc tin trnh lm vic. n gin WFMS l: Tch cc tin trnh lm vic, ti nguyn, ng dng ri nhau. Tp trung vo tin trnh lm vic ch khng phi l ni dung ca cc nhim v n thun.

4. Thc nghim
Chng ti ng dng nhng hiu bit ca mnh v h thng Workflow m phng mt ng dng hc t xa da trn nn Web. Chng ti a cc cng vic ca nhng ngi tham gia vo h thng ny vo cc tin trnh lm vic. Cc hc vin s ng k kho hc mi, mi kho hc th c cc template mu la chn, trong cc template mu l nhng m hnh qu trnh ring bit. Sau mi hc vin s la chn mn hc trn nn template chn. Mi mn hc th cng c cc template mu ca n. Khi la chn xong template mu cho mn hc, hc vin s nhn c danh sch cng vic (work list) t mt ng dng ca workflow v hc vin s phi tin hnh cc cng vic tun t da trn worklist t im bt u n khi kt thc. V pha gio vin, sau khi ng k mn hc ging dy, s nhn c thng tin v kho hc v sinh vin tham gia. Sau gio vin s nhn c danh sch cng vic do ngi tr ging cung cp v tin hnh cc cng vic theo tun t da trn danh sch . -4-

2. C s l thuyt
Workflow l t ng ho ton b hay tng phn ca mt qu trnh nghip v trong lc cc ti liu, cc thng tin hay cc nhim v m c truyn t mt thnh phn tham gia ny ti cc thnh phn tham gia khc trong hot ng c th, theo mt b ca cc quy tc theo th tc. Da trn cc c tnh v cu trc ca Workflow:

Start

...

End

Activity 1

Activity 2

V pha ngi qun tr, qun l cc thng tin v kho hc, mn hc, gio vin, tr ging, hc vin, qun l cc ti khon (accounts) v cc thng tin v trao i gia h thng vi gio vin v hc vin. Mt qu trnh mu (process template) c im bt u v im kt thc. N bao gm cc hnh ng (activity) din ra theo trnh t. Khi mt hnh ng c hon thnh th mi tip tc thc hin hnh ng tip theo. Nu n cha hon thnh th cho php ng nhp vo forum trao i cc thong tin gia h thng vi gio vin hay hc vin. Sau khi bit c thng tin chi tit th c th tip tc mt hnh ng hay l buc phi quay li thc hin hnh ng cha c hon thnh. Khi hon thnh cc hnh ng th tip theo hc vin s thc hin bi kim tra cui mn, nu t yu cu th s nhn c chng ch cho mn hc , nu khng th nhn c yu cu hc li. Mt hnh ng ca h thng chnh l mt tp hp cc s kin hay cc thao tc c lin quan logic vi nhau, c th c to ra thc hin bi mt tc nhn no (c th l mt ngi vi vai tr c th) hoc l mt thc th x l (nh l mt h thng thng tin hay l mt trnh qun l ti nguyn).

Cc vn cn tip tc nghin cu: xy dng c phn mm qun l Workflow (WFMS) c th to cc process bng cc process definition tool.Gp phn t c s ng b v thng nht trong cc h thng, v tin ti l gia cc h thng vi nhau.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Becker, J., von Uthmann, C., zur Muehlen, M. and Rosemann, M., Identifying the Workflow Potential of Business Processes, in 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 1999), (Wailea, HI, 1999), IEEE Publishers. [2] Bussler, C., P2P in B2BI. in Proceedings of the 35th Hawai'i International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2002), (Waikoloa, HI, 2002), IEEE. [3] Embedded & Autonomous Workflow: A WfMC White Paper, available at www.wfmc.org [4] Hammer, M. and Champy, J. Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution. HarperBusiness, New York, 1993. [5] WfMC. Workflow Management Application Programming Interface (Interface 2 & 3) Specification, Workflow Management Coalition, Winchester, 1998. [6] Craven N., Mahling D., Goals and processes: A Task Basis for Projects and Workflows, COOCS 1995.

5. Kt lun
Trong kha lun ny, chng ti ci t thnh cng lung cng vic ca hc vin v gio vin trong h thng, s dng ngn ng PHP.

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TM HIU V VN DNG MT S CNG NGH TIN TIN TRONG PHT TRIN PHN MM HNG I TNG
Thc hin: Trng Cng i (0122259) Nguyn Phng Chnh (0122260) Gio vin hng dn: ThS.ng c Hnh

1. M u
Xy dng phn mm theo phng php hng i tng l mt k thut tin tin pht trin h thng. Phng php ny ph hp cho cc h thng ln, phc tp v c c th ha trong nhiu quy trnh pht trin phn mm (tiu biu l RUP). Tuy nhin khi p dng phng php ny vo cc loi ng dng trn nn Web cng nh cc ng dng i hi nhu cu truy cp d liu ln, chng ta s gp phi cc kh khn trong vn thit k. Hin ny, y l nhng lp ng dng rt quan trng v ph bin. Do i hi phi c cng ngh chuyn su gii quyt vn ny. Mt trong s cc cng ngh ny l Struts v Hibernate. Trong ti ny, chng ti tp trung vo vic tm hiu ni dung v kh nng vn dng ca cng ngh Struts v Hibernate. Trong , cng ngh Struts gii quyt vn thit k hng i tng cho ng dng Web; cng ngh Hibernate gii quyt vn t chc lu tr d liu lu bn cho cc h thng hng i tng.

C nhiu gii php c a ra gii quyt vn ca CGI trong c mt s cng ngh c s dng kh ph bin nh ASP (Active Server Page), JSP (Java Server Page), hay Servlet nhng tt c u c nhng nhc im nht nh. Do i hi phi c mt m hnh mi ra i ph hp quy trnh xy dng cc ng dng cho Web theo hng i tng. Struts l mt m hnh nh vy. Structs c thit k vi mc ch cung cp mt khung lm vic m ngun m nhm to ra nhng ng dng Web c kh nng d dng tch ri tng trnh din v cho php n tru tng ho so vi cc tng thc thi v d liu. Struts ci t trn mu thit k MVC bao gm cc thnh phn : Model: Miu t cc i tng d liu. Model l nhng ci ang c tnh ton v a ra cho ngi dng. View: L cc dch v nh mn hnh hin th ca Model. N l nhng i tng a ra nhng trng thi hin ti ca cc i tng d liu. Controller: Xc nh cch m giao din ngi dng phn ng li thng tin vo . Thnh phn Controller l i tng tnh ton Model hoc i tng d liu. 2.2 Hibernate Gii php cho vn t chc lu tr lu bn Trong cc ng dng ngy nay vn truy cp v duy tr d liu c ngha rt quan trng v n cng tiu tn rt nhiu thi gian ca cc nh pht trin. Ngoi ra vi cc ng dng c thit k theo phng php hng i tng, vic duy tr cc i tng vo trong cc bng ca c s d liu quan h gp rt nhiu kh khn. Hibernate l cng ngh nh x i tng ti quan h, n cho php lm gim ti 95% cc cu lnh trong vic

2. Ni dung
2.1 Struts Gii php cho ng dng Web Qu trnh chuyn t phn tch sang thit k l bc quan trng trong vic xy dng phn mm hng i tng. Hot ng ch yu ca giai on ny l lm mn cc i tng thuc m hnh phn tch, v chuyn chng thnh cc lp thit k c th ci t trn mt kin trc no . Vic xy dng cc ng dng trn kin trc Web c nhng im khc bit so vi vic xy dng trn cc kin trc khc. Kin trc Web lm vic theo c ch hot ng ca CGI (Common Gateway Interface) t ra khng ph hp c ch hot ng cc h thng hng i tng l truyn thng ip.

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duy tr d liu. Bng cch kt hp cc lp Java vi cc miu t XML, Hibernate cung cp mt khung nhn hng i tng ca mt c s d liu quan h. a. T chc thng tin nh x nh x cc lp trong Java ti cc bng trong c s d liu Hibernate s dng mt tp nh x c tn trng vi tn lp v c phn m rng l *.hbm.xml. Hibernate s dng cc th xc nh cc bng tng ng vi cc lp bn vng, cc ct tng ng vi cc thuc tnh ca lp. Ngoi ra Hibernate cn nh ngha cc rng buc gia cc lp v t ng cp nht vo cc bng trong c s d liu. b. Qun l lin kt Qun l cc lin kt gia cc lp v mi quan h gia cc bng l trng tm ca Hibernate. Phn ln cc vn kh mc phi khi thi hnh gii php gii quyt vic qun l cc lin kt. Hibernate cung cp y cc gii php xy dng cc lin kt, t cc lin kt mt chiu n gin nh lin kt mt-nhiu n cc lin kt hai chiu nh nhiu-nhiu. c. Qun l d liu

2.3 p dng cng ngh Struts v Hibernate vo bi ton xy dng khung chng trnh Bi ton c phn tch thit k da trn phng php hng i tng s dng UML kt hp vi Rational Rose. Bi ton l ng dng c xy dng trn nn web cho php ngi dng to ra cc khung chng trnh o to. Trong qu trnh dng ng dng Struts c s dng vo qu trnh to ra cc khung nhn vi ngi dng, to cc iu khin ca chng trnh. Hibernate c s dng duy tr cc d liu vo trong cc bng ca c s d liu.

3. Kt lun
Vic p dng phng php phn tch hng i tng trong xy dng bi ton mang li li ch: nng cao kh nng ti s dng, tn dng c sc mnh ca phn mm Rose trong qu trnh phn tch v sinh m. p dng cng ngh Struts gip thit k nhng khung nhn tch ri khi cc iu khin khin bi ton tr nn r rng hn khi ci t v thun tin hn trong bo tr, s dng phn mm. ng dng Hibernate lm n gin qu trnh duy tr d liu, thun tin trong vic truy cp v x l d liu, nng cao hiu qu ca chng trnh. Tuy nhin bi ton a ra cn kh n gin, cha th hin c tt c kha cnh ca cng ngh. Trong qu trnh pht trin ng dng cn gp phi mt s kh khn nht nh.

Hibernate cung cp mt giao din cho php qun l cc d liu lu bn, n gm cc dch v sau:
Cc hnh ng c bn CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) S thi hnh cc truy vn iu khin s thc thi Qun l cc mc thc thi Trong Hibernate chng ta s dng HQL (Hibernate Query Language) truy vn cc i tng, n l mt ngn ng truy vn hng i tng. HQL rt d hc vi nhng ngi bit v SQL. HQL khng phi l ngn ng thi hnh d liu nh SQL, n ch s dng cho vic ly v cc i tng m khng dng cho vic cp nht, thm hay xa d liu.

4. Ti liu tham kho

[1] Christian Bauer & Gavin King, Hibernate in Action, 2003 [2] James Elliott Hibernate A Developers Notebook, OReilly, 2004 [3] Chuck Cavaness, Oreilly, 2002 Jakarta struts,

[4] James Goodwill, Mastering Jakarta Struts, Willey, Canada, 2002. [5] Will Iverson, Hibernate.A J2EE Developers Guide, Addison Wesley, 2004

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NGHIN CU V NG DNG MNG NEUTRON TRONG NHN DNG CH VIT TAY TING VIT
Nguyn Th Minh nh MSV: 0121792 Email: giandon103@yahoo.com Cn b hng dn: TS. Nguyn Vit H

1. Gii thiu
Nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit l mt bi ton kh v cho ti nay cha c mt li gii trn vn no. Trong bi ton ny, chng ta khng nhng phi ng u vi nhng kh khn chung ca ch vit tay m cn phi gii quyt nhng kh khn ring c th ca ting Vit, l: s lng k t rt ln do h thng du ting Vit em li v vic hnh thnh nhiu nhm k t rt ging nhau, kh phn bit. khc phc nhng kh khn ny, em xut gii php: chia tp hp k t ting Vit thnh nhiu nhm v xy dng m hnh a mng neuron tng ng nhn dng.

Trong qu trnh hun luyn v test mng, ghi li s ln mng phn bit nhm tng cp hai k t vi nhau. Nu s ln nhm ln ln hn mt ngng no th xp hai k t ny vo cng mt nhm. Sau khi phn nhm ln th nht, chng ta c th tip tc chia nh hn i vi nhng nhm c s lng phn t ln bng cch ly mt ngng khc (ln hn ngng ln phn nhm trc).

4. M hnh a mng neuron p dng cho bi ton

Cu trc ca h thng a mng neuron c xc nh da trn cu trc ca bng phn nhm k t. Mi mng neuron tng ng vi mt nhm c nhiu hn mt k t. H thng a mng gm mt vi lp mng, mi lp li c th gm nhiu mng. Trong , lp th nht c duy nht mt mng, mng ny c nhim v phn loi k t u vo v mt trong cc nhm tng ng. ng vi mi nhm k t c nhiu hn mt phn t lp th nht l mt mng neuron lp mng th hai. Tng t nh vy, chng ta xc nh c cc mng neuron lp th ba, cho n khi khng cn nhm k t no c nhiu hn mt phn t. Nh vy mt cch quy chng ta c th xy dng c h thng a mng tng ng vi mt phn nhm k t cho trc. H thng a mng lm vic theo quy trnh nhn dng sau: nh ca k t (u vo) c a qua mng neuron lp u tin. Mng ny s thc hin vic phn loi (lan truyn xui tn hiu u vo ln lt qua cc lp neuron ca mng) xc nh xem u vo thuc nhm k t con no. Nu nhm ny ch gm mt k t th kt thc vic nhn dng v tr kt qu (l k t ) ra u ra. Ngc li, nu nhm ny c nhiu hn mt k t th mng neuron ng vi nhm k t s c kch hot. Nhim v ca mng ny tng t nh mng trc v qu trnh tip tc cho ti khi nhn c kt qu u ra. -8-

2. Tng quan v mng neuron

Mng neuron (neural network) l mng cc phn t (neuron) kt ni vi nhau thng qua cc lin kt (trng s lin kt) thc hin mt cng vic c th no . mng thc hin c nhim v ny chng ta cn hun luyn n bng cch hiu chnh b tham s mng (trng s lin kt v ngng ti mi neuron) trong qu trnh mng hc sao cho ph hp vi yu cu ca bi ton. Mng neuron c ng dng nhiu trong cc bi ton phn loi mu (in hnh l nhn dng) bi u im ni tri ca n l d ci t cng vi kh nng hc v tng qut ho rt cao.

3. Phn nhm k t
Vic phn nhm k t c th da trn trc quan: nhng k t no m mt thng d nhm ln, kh phn bit th cho vo cng mt nhm. Tuy nhin, nu lm nh vy, v tnh chng ta p t mng neuron phi phn bit theo cch nhn nhn ca con ngi. Cho nn tt nht l mng neuron t thc hin cng vic ny. tng phn nhm ny c th thc hin c theo phng php sau: Dng mt mng neuron nhn dng tt c cc k t.

Vic hun luyn h thng c th thc hin theo hai phng php l hun luyn tun t (hun luyn theo l) v hun luyn song song. Hun luyn tun t: sau khi c bng phn nhm k t, xy dng h thng a mng tng ng vi s phn nhm . Vi mi mu trong tp mu hc, dy mng th nht sao cho n phn loi ng mu y. Sau hun luyn mng tng ng lp mng th hai n cng phn loi ng mu ny. Tip tc nh vy vi tt c cc mng lin quan ti mu u vo cho ti khi ta nhn c kt qu mong mun u ra. Hun luyn song song: sau khi c bng phn nhm k t, tin hnh ci t v hun luyn song song cc mng n ng vi tng nhm mng phn loi ng cc k t thuc nhm ny. Sau khi hun luyn xong cc mng (thu c b tham s ph hp cho tng mng), ta cn ghp cc mng li theo ng cu trc ca phn nhm k t c h thng a mng cui cng. y l h thng c hun luyn. Nhn xt: vi phng php hun luyn theo l, tuy thi gian tin hnh c lu hn nhng chng ta khng cn phi chn ra nhng tp mu hc ring cho tng mng v cng khng phi ghp cc mng li sau khi hun luyn. Hn th na, khi c mu k t mi, vic hc mu mi ny s n gin hn so vi phng php hun luyn song song. Do , khi ci t h thng thc nghim, em chn phng php hun luyn theo l.

tm ra phn nhm tt nht (theo ngha: t l nhn dng ng ca h thng a mng tng ng l cao nht). Bng di y cho thy t l nhn dng ng khi khng phn nhm k t (1) v khi c phn nhm k t (2) trong thc nghim vi 10.000 mu tp mu hc v 5.000 mu tp th nghim.
H nhn dng % train ng % test ng

(1) (2)

80.47 96.42

76.40 91.62

Kt qu bng trn chng t gii php m em xut l gii php hiu qu i vi bi ton nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit (91.62% l rt ln so vi 76.40%). Ngoi ra, sau khi la chn phng php trch chn c trng ph hp cho tng nhm k t, t l nhn dng ng ca h thng tng t 91.62% ln ti 95.20% (y l gii php nhm nng cao hiu qu nhn dng ca h thng a mng do mt thnh vin khc trong nhm xut khi chng em thc hin ti chung Nhn dng on vn bn vit tay ting Vit nt lin). Bn cnh , chng em ci t c h thc nghim chung Nhn dng on vn bn vit tay ting Vit nt lin v thu c nhng kt qu ban u rt kh quan.

6. Kt lun
Sau qu trnh nghin cu v mng neuron v bi ton nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit, em xut mt gii php khc phc c nhng kh khn ca bi ton v ci t c h thc nghim nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit bng m hnh a mng neuron vi t l nhn dng ng kh cao (95.20%). y l mt t l cao so vi cc h nhn dng ch vit tay Vit Nam hin nay. Tuy nhin, vn cn nhng hn ch i vi h thng ny l tiu chun thu thp c s d liu hun luyn cn kht khe. Do , h thng c th ng dng trong thc t cn phi ni lng hn na cc tiu chun ny. Trong thi gian ti em s tip tc m rng phm vi ca bi ton v hng ti pht trin cc ng dng thc t nh nhn dng cc bng k khai ting Vit.

5. Thc nghim
Do cha c c s d liu k t vit tay ting Vit chun no nn cng vi vic xy dng h thng thc nghim, chng em tin hnh thu thp c s d liu theo cc tiu chun sau (y cng chnh l phm vi ca bi ton m chng em ang gii quyt): Kiu ch ng theo ngha khng qu nghing v bn tri hoc phi. Ch vit khng thiu hoc tha nt, du c t chun theo quy nh ca ting Vit. Thc nghim u tin l phn nhm k t theo phng php c nu trong mc 3 xut mt vi bng phn nhm k t cc ln hc khc nhau ca mng neuron. Sau xy dng h thng a mng tng ng vi cc bng phn nhm k t ny v tin hnh thc nghim -9-

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Jain , Artificial Neural Networks A Tutorial, IEEE 1996.

H THNG QUN L TI LIU IN T

Hong Minh Cng MSV: 0121812 Email: cuongtamdiep@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: ThS. V Diu Hng

1. Gii thiu
Ngy nay, ngun thng tin v mi lnh vc ngy cng ln v a dng. Ngoi thng tin c trong cc sch, bo, tp ch c in trn giy theo cch truyn thng th thng tin c lu di dng cc ti liu in t vi khi lng ngy cng ln v a dng v loi hnh thng tin nh cc file (Text, audio, video..), do chng ta c c ngun thng tin khng l t mng Internet. qun l cc thng tin ny, trn th gii xy dng cc th vin in t h tr lu tr, tm kim v truy xut cc ti liu in t cha cc thng tin ny. trong nc, cng c mt s Th vin in t c xy dng v ang hot ng nh Th vin in t trng i hc cng ngh - i hc quc gia H Ni, cng h tr cc chc nng k trn. Tuy nhin, cn mt s vn cn m: Phn loi cc ti liu Tho lun v cc ti liu, ngi dng c th gi ti liu ln v nu kin nh gi v cc ti liu cng nh nhn c phn hi v ti liu. Hot ng ca nhm nghin cu, cc ti liu trong mi nhm c th l bo mt trong nhm hoc c th chia x cho nhng ngi bn ngoi nhm. Trong phm vi ca kho lun ny, chng ti xut gii php cho cc vn nu trn thng qua vic kho st Th vin in t hin c ca trng i hc cng ngh, phn tch cc yu cu ca mt h thng Th vin in t, thit k phn mm qun l ti liu in t h tr cc kh nng k trn v c trin khai th nghim mt s m un ca phn mm.

cch d dng, cng nh ti cc ti liu ln my ch v cho php nhng ai c quyn i vi cc thng tin ny. H thng c phn tch v thit k theo cng ngh hng i tng s dng ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht UML. Chc nng ca h thng: Qun l ngi dng Thm ngi dng Tm kim ngi dng Gi tin nhn Sa thng tin ngi dng Xo ngi dng Qun l nhm nghin cu Thm nhm nghin cu Tm kim nhm nghin cu Sa thng tin nhm nghin cu Xo nhm nghin cu Qun l hot ng nhm nghin cu Qun l ti liu Thm ti liu mi Sa thng tin ti liu Xo ti liu Tm kim ti liu Qun l ng nhp ng nhp h thng Thay i mt khu Thot khi h thng

3. Ci t h thng
Mt trong nhng kha cnh quan trng trong vic pht trin ng dng l la chn cng ngh pht trin ph hp xy dng h thng. Cng ngh c chn phi ph hp vi nh hng pht trin nghip v, h tr kh nng m rng trong tng lai, ph hp vi mi trng tng th. Mc tiu ca vn t ra trong ti kho lun l xy dng c s d liu ban u qun l cc ti liu in t v gip ngi dng

2. Phn tch v thit k h thng qun l ti liu in t

H thng qun l ti liu in t qun l cc loi thng tin, l ni lu tr cc loi ti liu in t nh sch ting anh, sch ph t, lun vn v.v. Ngi dng c th ngi bt c u (kt ni my ch) u c th xem ti liu mt

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khai thc t xa vo c s d liu . Vy cn phi ci t chng trnh cho bi ton trn mt mi trng lp trnh Web gip cho ngi dng c th tra cu c t xa nhng thng tin cn quan tm v cc lnh vc mt cch d dng. Sau khi cn nhc cc yu cu trn chng ti a ra gii php xy dng h thng: S dng ngn ng ASP.NET ca Microsft Visual Studio.net Thit k c s d liu bng Microsoft SQL Server 2000 ASP.NET l phin bn tip theo ca Active Server Page (ASP), c bin dch da trn mi trng .Net v l ngn ng h tr hng i tng rt tt.

Trong tng lai h thng c th pht trin theo hng: Hon thin cc m un cn li M rng chng trnh Tch hp vi cc h thng khc nh h thng qun l th vin hoc website mn hc.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Nguyn Vn V. Phn tch thit k cc h thng thng tin hin i theo hng cu trc & hng i tng, NXB Thng k, 2002. [2] Zhiming Liu. Object-Oriented Software Development Using UML. [3] Phm Hu Khang. Xy dng & trin khai ng dng thng mi in t vi cng c ASP.NET, VISUAL BASIC.NET, SQL Server . [4] Mesbah Ahmed, Chirs Garrett, Jeremy Faircloth, Chris Payne. ASP.NET Web Developers Guide.

4. Kt lun
Sau khi kho st h thng th vin in t trng i hc cng ngh chng ti xut gii php cho mt h thng Th vin in t thng qua vic trnh by tm tt ti liu phn tch thit k h thng Qun l ti liu in t v chng ti c trin khai th nghim mt s m un ca h thng. Kt qu t c bao gm ti liu phn tch thit k h thng Qun l ti liu in t v mt s m un chng trnh.

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NGHIN CU V NG DNG TRCH CHN C TRNG TRONG NHN DNG CH VIT TAY TING VIT
inh Vit Cng MSSV: 0121815 Email: dvcuong83@yahoo.com Cn b hng dn: TS. Nguyn Vit H

1. Gii thiu
Ngoi nhng kh khn chung ca bi ton nhn dng ch vit tay, nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit cn c nhng kh khn do c th ca ting Vit em li. H thng du ca ting Vit khin cho s lng k t l rt ln trong c nhng nhm k t rt ging nhau v kh phn bit (cc k t c du xut pht t cng mt nguyn m ch khc nhau phn du). iu ny khin cho hiu qu nhn dng l rt thp khi chng ta ch nhn dng tt c cc k t trong mt ln (nhn dng mt cp). khc phc nhng kh khn ny, em xut gii php: nhn dng nhiu cp bng cch chia tp k t ra thnh nhiu nhm (mi nhm gm cc k t gn ging nhau) ng thi p dng phng php trch chn c trng ph hp cho tng nhm k t nng cao cht lng nhn dng.

im nh (c th tri trn ton b nh). Da trn c th ca mi bi ton nhn dng, chng ta cn s dng phng php trch chn c trng ph hp vic nhn dng t c hiu qu cao nht.

3. Trch chn c trng p dng cho bi ton

Theo gii php c ra trong phn gii thiu, chng ta cn tin hnh cc bc: phn loi k t thnh cc nhm v sau vi mi nhm p dng phng php trch chn c trng ph hp. Phn loi k t: Vic phn nhm cc k t ting Vit vit thng c thc hin da trn quy tc: cc k t gn ging nhau, d gy nhm ln th s c phn v mt nhm. Theo quy tc ny cc k t c du xut pht t cng mt ch ci c phn thn ging nhau, ch khc nhau phn du nn ta s xp vo mt nhm; i vi cc k t khng c du, cc k t c cu trc hnh hc tng t nh nhau cng c xp chung vo mt nhm, v d (nhm ch r v s, nhm ch d v ). Trch chn c trng p dng cho cc nhm: nng cao cht lng cho h nhn dng nhiu cp tng ng vi bng phn nhm k t, vic trch chn c trng cho nh u vo cn t c nhng mc tiu sau: Khi cn xp k t vo mt nhm, trch chn c trng cn ly ra cc c trng ca k t l c im chung ca nhm. Cc c trng ny l i din cho mi nhm (cc k t trong nhm u c) v khc vi c trng chung ca cc nhm khc. Khi cn phn bit cc k t trong cng mt nhm, trch chn c trng ch c nhim v chn ra nhng c trng c th cho mi k t trong nhm v b qua nhng c trng l c im chung ca nhm. Do , vi tng nhm k t mi cp nhn dng chng ta cn tm ra phng php trch chn c trng cho ph hp. c th p dng

2. Tng quan v trch chn c trng

Trch chn c trng l vic tm v chn ra cc c trng c th ca mi nh. Cc c trng ny c th l cc c trng v mt im nh, mc xm trung bnh ca cc im nh v bin nh [1]. Trong bi ton nhn dng, trch chn c trng thng l bc ng trc bc nhn dng v ng sau bc tin x l. N c tc dng chn ra cc c trng tiu biu ca nh u vo (sau khi c qua bc tin x l) t cung cp cc c trng ny cho bc nhn dng x l. Trch chn c trng khng nhng lm gim kch thc mu u vo m cn lm tng chnh xc ca h nhn dng ni chung. C nhiu phng php trch chn c trng c th p dng cho bi ton nhn dng, tuy nhin c 3 phng php chnh thng c s dng l: trch chn c trng theo hng, trch chn c trng theo cu trc v trch chn c trng theo tnh li lm [2]. Mt cch tng ng, cc phng php ny ly ra c trng ca nh theo nhiu cp nhn nhn khc nhau: t mt im nh, mt vi im nh ti rt nhiu

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cho cc h nhn dng khc nhau (bng m hnh mng neuron, SVM, hay Markov,), mt cch tng qut nht chng ta cn tin hnh trch chn c trng cho cc nhm sau: Trch chn c trng cho nhm 0 ( cp nhn dng u tin) c nhim v tm ra nhng c trng l c th ca mi nhm con sau n xc nh xem k t u vo thuc v nhm no trong cc nhm con ny. Trch chn c trng cho cc nhm k t c du cng gc: nhim v ca trch chn c trng trong phn ny l tp trung n phn du ca k t, tm ra c trng trn phn du phn bit cc du. Khi phn bit c du, chng ta s phn bit c c k t. Trch chn c trng cho cc nhm k t khng du: c nhim v tm ra nhng c trng ring ca cc k t trong cng mt nhm.

php GSC (kt hp ca 3 phng php trn) trch chn c trng cho nh u vo. Kt qu thc nghim c th hin trong bng 4.1:
P2 TCT (1) (2) % ng (train) 85.72 91.20 TG nhn dng ~ 31 giy ~ 20 giy % ng (test) 76.40 81.12

4. Thc nghim
Do cha c c s d liu k t vit tay ting Vit chun no nn cng vi vic xy dng h thng thc nghim, chng em tin hnh thu thp c s d liu theo cc tiu chun sau (y cng chnh l phm vi ca bi ton m chng em ang gii quyt): Kiu ch ng theo ngha khng qu nghing v bn tri hoc phi. Ch vit khng thiu hoc tha nt, du c t chun theo quy nh ca ting Vit. kim tra tnh hiu qu ca cc phng php trch chn c trng, chng ta thng phi s dng m hnh nhn dng. M hnh nhn dng c em s dng trong cc thc nghim y l mng neuron. (vic nghin cu v ci t mng neuron c thc hin bi mt thnh vin khc trong nhm) Thc nghim 1: Thc nghim khng nh tnh hiu qu ca vic trch chn c trng Dng mt mng neuron nhn dng tt c cc k t vit tay ting Vit. C nh s ln hun luyn mng l 30, tp mu hc gm 10000 mu v tp test l 5000 mu. Tin hnh hai thc nghim sau: Thc nghim th nht (1) chng ta khng trch chn c trng cho nh u vo trc khi mng neuron nhn dng v thc nghim th hai (2) chng ta dng phng

T kt qu thc nghim trn ta thy vic trch chn c trng khng nhng lm gim thi gian nhn dng m cn nng cao rt nhiu chnh xc ca vic nhn dng (t 76.4% ln 81.12 %). Thc nghim 2: Thc nghim khng nh hiu qu ca vic phn nhm Trong thc nghim ny, vic phn nhm k t c tin hnh v ng vi mi nhm k t ta p dng mt phng php trch chn c trng ph hp (bng cch tin hnh nhiu thc nghim khc la chn). T l nhn dng ng trn tp test l 95.8% cao hn rt nhiu so vi khi ta khng phn nhm k t (81.12%). Ngoi ra chng em (em v hai thnh vin khc trong nhm) cng ci t c h thng thc nghim chung cho bi ton Nhn dng on vn bn vit tay ting Vit nt lin v thu c kt qu ban u rt kh quan.

5. Kt lun
Sau qu trnh nghin cu v trch chn c trng v bi ton nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit, em xut mt gii php khc phc c nhng kh khn ca bi ton v ci t c h thc nghim nhn dng ch vit tay ting Vit vi t l nhn dng ng kh cao (95.8%) da trn vic phn nhm k t v p dng trch chn c trng ph hp cho mi nhm. y l mt t l cao so vi cc h nhn dng ch vit tay Vit Nam hin nay. Trong thi gian ti em s tip tc m rng phm vi ca bi ton v hng ti pht trin cc ng dng thc t nh nhn dng cc bng k khai ting Vit.

6. Ti liu tham kho

[1] William K. Pratt Digital Image Processing, 2001. [2] Sargur N. Srihari Gradient-Based contour encoding for character recognition, Pattern Recognition, 1996.

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NGHIN CU V TRIN KHAI NG DNG VI SMART CARD

Sinh vin: Trng Cng Cng MSV: 0121824 Email: conqtc@gmail.com Ngi hng dn: ThS.ng c Hnh ng hng dn: ThS.on Minh Phng dng cho chng l mt nhu cu rt khch quan v tt yu, cng chnh l l do tin hnh lun vn ny.

1) Gii thiu
Xut hin ti Chu u vo u nhng nm 1970, Smart Card lc c bit n nh mt chic th c kh nng lu tr tin li v c s dng rng ri trong vic thanh ton. Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh v tin b ca ton hc trong lnh vc mt m, mch tch hp IC c ra i, hng lot cc thut ton m ha c chng minh bng ton hc, Smart Card lc chng t l mt thit b lu tr rt an ton v ngy cng thng minh. Ngy nay, k thut Smart Card c p dng rt rng ri vo nhiu lnh vc nhm h tr thng mi, tip cn sn phm v dch v, xc thc, xc lp v nh hng cc mi quan h. Mt cuc kho st gn y ch ra rng 27% ng dng ca Smart Card l trong lnh vc ngn hng, 18% trong lnh vc chm sc sc khe v phc li, 15% trong lnh vc vn chuyn. Cc lnh vc khc bao gm: truyn thng, xc thc, th in thoi, bun bn, o c, bo mt radio, truy cp vt l v c bc. Th thng minh a chc nng (multifunctional smart card) cng khng cn l iu g mi m. C kin cho rng mt ngy no Smart Card s quan trng nh l my tnh ngy nay vy. iu ny rt c th s l thc, vi kh nng ngy cng pht trin v m rng, Smart Card cui cng s thay th cho tt c nhng th m chng ta mang trong v bao gm th tn dng, bng cp, tin mt v c th c album nh gia nh na. Trong tng lai gn, th dng cng ngh magnetic-stripe s c thay th v tch hp vo mt th n: th a ng dng (Multil-Application Smart Card) thng c bit n vi ci tn v in t (Electronic Purse). Smart Card s ngy cng c s dng lu gi cc d liu nhy cm v quan trng ca khch hng hn bao gi ht. Trc vai tr ngy cng quan trng ca Smart Card nh vy, vic nghin cu, trin khai ng - 14 -

2) Ni dung
Ton b ni dung ca lun vn c chia ch yu lm 3 phn: Phn I: Gii thiu Smart Card v ng dng ca Smart Card. Bt u bng vic gii thiu v lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca Smart Card, tip sau l gii thiu v nhng thnh qu v ng dng to ln ca Smart Card trong hng lot cc lnh vc ca i sng, khoa hc k thut v kinh t thng mi. nh ngha v Smart Card nh sau: l mt tm th nha gn km mt con chp my tnh c nhim v lu tr v trao i d liu gia nhiu ngi dng. D liu c lin kt vi hoc gi tr hoc thng tin no hoc c hai v c lu tr v x l bn trong con chp ca th (b nh hoc l b vi x l). D liu ca th c trao i thng qua mt thit b c l mt phn ca h thng. Cu to ca Smart Card gm 3 phn chnh: contact disk, chip v thn nha. Mi mt Smart Card c 6 n 8 contact nh s t C1 n C8 v tun theo chun ISO-7816-2. C nhiu cch phn loi Smart Card trong c 2 cch phn loi chnh: phn loi theo chip v phn loi theo giao din. Theo cch phn loi th nht Smart Card c chia lm 2 loi: Memory Card v Microprocessor Card. Theo cch phn loi th hai Smart Card c chia ra lm 2 loi chnh: contact v contactless, ngoi ra cn c cc kiu lai nh Hybrid Card (dng 2 chip: 1 cho giao din contact v 1 cho giao din contactless) hay DualInterface Card (dng 1 chip n h tr c 2 giao din). Mt s t chc v cc chun ng vai tr tch cc trong cng ngh Smart Card c gii thiu gm c Microsoft (PC/SC), CEN v

ETSI, NIST, Europay, MasterCard v Visa, quan trng nht l t chc ISO vi chun ISO-7816 cho Smart Card. Cc kha cnh an ton v bo mt ca Smart Card cng c xem xt bao gm: cc thut ton m ha (RSA, DES, RNG), cc c ch xc thc, kh nng xc thc v cc nguy c tn cng Smart Card. Phn II: Gii thiu mt s kiu Smart Card cng cc c t ca chng vi t cch nh phn tra cu cho vic pht trin ng dng. Phn III: Pht trin ng dng vi Smart Card. Gii thiu hai kiu nn tng h iu hnh chnh cho Smart Card: Proprietary v Open. So snh gia 2 platform ny: vi platform th nht vic pht trin phn no d dng hn tuy nhin li khng kh chuyn, vi kiu platform th hai gii thiu 3 platform chnh: Multos, Javacard v Smart Card for Windows (PC/SC) trong tp trung gii thiu v nn tng PC/SC. Multos l nn tng h iu hnh a ng dng c pht trin bi mondex v MasterCard dng tp lnh giao din lp trnh Multos API. Multos thc thi vi ngn ng MEL (Multos Executable Language), c th pht trin bng C ri chuyn i sang MEL. JavaCard pht trin bng ngn ng Java da vo nn tng my o Java bn rt gn (ty thuc nh sn xut). Chun PC / SC dng cho card c h iu hnh a ng dng 8K ROM, qun l truy cp bng FAT bng Control Access Rule. Pht trin bng tp lnh API c sn trn card v c th d dng pht trin bng VB trn windows. Gii thiu tm tt mt s chng trnh demo pht trin vi b AC-KIT.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] AC-KIT reference [2] CHAN, Siu-cheung Charles: An Overview of Smart Card Security (1997) [3] www.smartcardbasics.com: Smart Card Basic [4] Jim Hunt & Bill Holcombe: Government Smart Card Handbook (2004) [5] SSP Solution, Inc: Introduction to SmartCards.

3) Kt lun
Cng ngh SmartCard ang ngy cng tr nn quan trng hn bao gi ht, lun vn phn no tng kt c cng ngh mi ny v t c mt s nn tng kin thc c bn cho vic pht trin phn mm cho SmartCard.

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H CHUYN GIA C LNG D N PHN MM

Nguyn Ngc Bo MSV: 0122186 Email: baonn@fpt.com.vn Cn b hng dn: TS. Nguyn Vit H

1. Gii thiu
c lng sm v chnh xc d n phn mm v ang l mt vn ang c quan tm Vit Nam cng nh trn th gii. Kha lun ny xut mt hng tip cn mi cho c lng d n phn mm; da trn m hnh lp lun theo kinh nghim, Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). Theo hng tip cn ny, chi ph cho mt d n c c lng bng cch tm kim cc d n tng t hon thnh trong qu kh v hiu chnh chi ph ca cc d n cho ph hp vi iu kin ca d n mi.

2. c lng d n phn mm
i vi pht trin phn mm hin i, yu t qun l c vai tr quyt nh n cht lng sn phm. Trong qun l d n, hot ng u tin v quan trng nht l c lng d n. Do nhng c im ring ca phn mm, cng vic c lng trong pht trin phn mm khng ging nh i vi cc lnh vc khc. V th, mt s phng php c th c xut nhm nng cao cht lng ca c lng phn mm. Kha lun ny tin hnh kho st mt s phng php c bn c trong thc t. l phng php nh gi chuyn gia, cc m hnh SLIM, ESTIMACS, COCOMO, COCOMO II. Kt lun c rt ra l cc phng php c tuy rt phc tp nhng kh p dng sm v thng c tin cy khng cao.

c lu tr c lp. Qu trnh gii quyt bi ton trong lp lun theo kinh nghim c thc hin theo chu trnh 4 li gm 4 bc: 1) Tm kim li ca lp lun tng t; 2) Hiu chnh v s dng li li gii c; 3) Xem xt li li gii hiu chnh; 4) Lu li ca lp lun mi. Cc vn c bn cn gii quyt i vi mt h thng lp lun theo kinh nghim bao gm: phng php t chc v biu din tri thc; phng php tm kim ca lp lun tng t v chin lc hiu chnh li gii. Lp lun theo kinh nghim c ng dng rng ri trong thc t. Phng php ny thch hp vi nhng bi ton c min m, trong mi quan h gia cc i tng tri thc l phc tp v khng r rng.

4. H chuyn gia c lng d n phn mm

Kha lun xut mt m hnh h chuyn gia c lng d n phn mm s dng lp lun theo kinh nghim. H chuyn gia gm 6 thnh phn l c s tri thc, h thng tin x l, m t suy lun, h thng nng cp d liu, h thng nng cp lut v giao din; trong thnh phn quan trng nht l m t suy lun Cc vn c bn ca h chuyn gia c gii quyt nh sau 4.1. C s tri thc

3. Lp lun theo kinh nghim

Lp lun theo kinh nghim l phng php gii quyt bi ton trn c s tm kim v hiu chnh li gii ca cc bi ton tng t c trong qu kh. Phng php ny c ngun gc t ngnh khoa hc nhn thc; phn nh mt m hnh t duy thng thy con ngi. n v tri thc i vi mt h thng lp lun theo kinh nghim l nhng ca lp lun (case)

n v tri thc ca h chuyn gia l nhng d n c th. Mt d n c biu din thnh hai phn l : c t d n v kt qu thc hin. c t d n l mt tp cc thuc tnh m t d n. Trong s cc thuc tnh d n, kha lun chn ra 10 thuc tnh gi l thuc tnh ch s lm thc o xc nh tng t ca cc d n. C hai loi thuc tnh ch s l thuc tnh kiu s v thuc tnh kiu lit k. Cc thuc tnh khng phi ch s ch c gi tr lu tr v to nn yu t ng cnh cho d n.

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Kt qu thc hin l nhng gi tr cn c lng cho mt d n mi. Trong phm vi kha lun, cc gi tr cn c lng l: thi gian thc hin d n, chi ph, s lp trnh vin v n lc (effort). Cc gi tr ny c c lng c lp vi nhau. Trong m hnh h chuyn gia xut, cc d n c lu tr c lp, khng c s rng buc ln nhau. 4.2. Tm kim

lut cho trc. Mt cch tng qut, cc lut ny c dng

(cond1 , cond 2 ,...) ( ri* = ada(ri )) vi r* v r l kt qu hiu chnh theo lut v kt qu hiu chnh thng k; condi l cc biu thc logic iu kin; ada l hm hiu chnh.

5. Thc nghim
kim nghim m hnh h chuyn gia xut, kha lun xy mt h thng thc nghim. H thng ny c thit k theo m hnh hng i tng, ci t bng ngn ng Java. C s d n c lu tr di dng file XML. Hai thc nghim c tin hnh trn mt c s d n gm 20 d n hon thnh. Thc nghim 1 kim nghim kh nng c lng ca m hnh bng cch c lng 5 d n mi, c la chn tng i ngu nhin. Kt qu cho thy 4/5 trng hp l ph hp vi nh gi trc quan. Thc nghim 2 kho st vai tr khc nhau ca cc thuc tnh i vi kt qu c lng bng cch thay i mt s thuc tnh ca d n u vo. Kt qu thu c cho thy cc thuc tnh khc nhau s c vai tr khc nhau i vi kt qu c lng.

Tm kim d n tng t l bc quan trng nht trong qu trnh c lng. c th tm kim c d n thch hp cn xc nh c mt phng php tnh tng t gia hai d n. Kha lun xut s dng phng php gn nht m rng tnh tng t. Phng php ny gm hai bc: tnh tung t tng thuc tnh v tnh tng t d n. tng t ca cc thuc tnh kiu s c tnh qua cc hm ton hc v tng t ca cc thuc tnh kiu lit k c xc nh bng cch tham chiu n mt bng tng t cho trc. T , tng t d n c tnh theo cng thc sau:

SIM ( P , P ) =
t s

10 i =1

sim( Ps .ai , Pt .ai ) 'i

10 i =1

'i

6. Kt lun
Kha lun xut mt phng php c lng d n phn mm mi s dng lp lun theo kinh nghim (CBR). Cc vn c tho lun chi tit l biu din d n, tm kim d n tng t v hiu chnh kt qu thc hin c. Thc nghim cho thy kt qu c lng l c th chp nhn c. im hn ch i vi m hnh xut l cha st vi thc t pht trin phn mm. Trong tng lai, cc vn nh la chn thuc tnh ch s, php tnh tng t... s c tm hiu mt cch c h thng hn. Ngoi ra, h thng thc nghim cng cn c m rng thnh mt CASE tool ng dng vo thc t.

trong SIM ( Ps , Pt ) l tng t gia hai d n Ps v Pt v S; Ps .ai , Pt .ai l thuc tnh th i ca hai d n; simi l hm tnh tng t ca thuc tnh i, 'i l mt trng s m rng.

4.3.

Hiu chnh kt qu

Sau khi tm c cc d n tng t, h thng phi hiu chnh kt ca ca cc d n c cho ph hp vi hon cnh mi. Qu trnh hiu chnh gm hai bc l hiu chnh thng k v hiu chnh theo lut Hiu chnh thng k chn ra k d n tng t nht v c lng theo cng thc:
rs

SIM ( P , P ) r = SIM ( P , P )
k i =1 k s t i =1 s t

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Ian Watson, Applying case-based reasoning: Techniques for enterprise systems, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1997. [2] Walker Royce, Software project management a unified framework, 1998.
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trong r l kt qu thc hin ca cc d n. Hiu chnh theo lut hiu chnh kt qu c lng ca hiu chnh thng k da trn nhng

TM KIM VN BN V NH TRN C S NI DUNG TRONG C S D LIU A PHNG TIN

V Minh Hiu - MSV: 0121902 L Khnh Dng MSV: 0121841 Email: khoaluan@gmail.com Cn b hng dn: PGS.TS. ng Vn c

1. Gii thiu
Hin nay bt k mt t chc no khi xy dng c s d liu cho mnh cng phi tnh n vic cho php h thng c kh nng m rng i vi d liu a phng tin (trong phm vi Kha lun ny ch cp ti hai loi d liu l vn bn v nh), cng vi n l vn x l v h tr ch mc nhm khai thc hiu qu c s d liu ca t chc, t mc ch cn xy dng cc c s l thuyt v CSDL a phng tin. cng l mc ch m Kha lun ny hng ti.

lu tr v tng tc tm kim. Cc k thut nn d liu vn bn v nh hin nay pht trin rt phong ph c v mt thut ton ln phm vi p dng. K thut ch mc d liu t c nhng tin b vt bc, mt trong nhng minh chng thuyt phc nht l my tm kim Google vi h thng ch mc cho hn mt t trang web em li li ch v cng to ln trong vic tm kim d liu. V vy, nghin cu k thut ch mc d liu v cc phng php truy vn l mt trong nhng ni dung chnh ca Kha lun ny. 1) Nn d liu vn bn v nh Cc k thut nn d liu vn bn pht trin trong vng vi thp k qua, t k thut nn Huffman, Arithmetic, nn t in, em li nhng hiu qu to ln trong thc t. Cc k thut nn nh cng em li nhng kt qu kh quan vi t l nn c th ti 80:1 (chun JPEG) m ra mt hng mi trong vic lu d liu nh trong cc c s d liu a phng tin, cng nh nhng ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc ca cuc sng. 2) Truy tm vn bn v nh trn c s ni dung Trch chn c trng d liu a phng tin lun l bi ton kh. S tr tng ca d liu a phng tin trn phng din th hin c trng ca n khin cho vic ch mc i vi d liu a phng tin lun l vn phc tp v i hi nhiu cng sc. Bn thn mt loi d liu a phng tin cha ng nhiu k thut khc nhau v trch trn c trng. Th d, vi d liu nh c th da vo m t vn bn, c s mu, biu mu, c s hnh dng hay da vo cc bin i ri rc trch trn c trng ca nh. Mt vn khc cng rt quan trng l t chc ch mc cho ti nguyn ca CSDL a phng tin t nhng c trng ca n. Mt k thut ph bin ang c dng cho cc my tm kim hin nay l s dng tp ch mc. y

2. Khi qut v c s d liu a phng tin.

D liu a phng tin c tnh cht v yu cu c bit, khc xa vi loi d liu ch v s. CSDL truyn thng khng ph hp trong vic qun l d liu a phng tin. Cc k thut truy tm thng tin c th gip truy tm a phng tin nhng chng cha c kh nng qun l hiu qu d liu a phng tin. V vy, mt k thut mi da trn vic kt hp cc k thut qun tr c s d liu DBMS, IR (H thng t ng truy tm thng tin) v truy vn trn c s ni dung to thnh H thng ch mc v truy tm thng tin a phng tin MIRS (Multimedia Indexing & Retrieval System), mt MIRS y c gi l H qun tr CSDL a phng tin. Trn c s nghin cu m hnh v nguyn tc hot ng ca MIRS cung cp cho ta ci nhn tng quan v mt h qun tr c s d liu a phng tin v thy c vai tr quan trng ca vic x l, lu tr v truy vn d liu a phng tin.

3. Cc vn ch mc v truy vn d liu a phng tin.

Ti nguyn lu trong c s d liu c nh ch mc h tr truy vn, cng l mt yu cu c bn i vi mi c s d liu. Cc d liu a phng tin thng rt ln v vy vn x l d liu trc khi nh ch mc l mt gii php hu hiu nhm gim khng gian

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l mt trong nhng ni dung chnh ca Kha lun ny. Cng vi k thut ch mc, k thut truy vn d liu vn bn v nh trn c s ni dung cng c cp ti vi hai k thut chnh ang ph bin hin nay l Boolean v Ranked.

5. Kt lun
Trong Kha lun ny, trnh by cc c s l thuyt lin quan n c s d liu a phng tin, cc k thut nn, ch mc v truy vn d liu. Vi cc mun th nghim nh cho kt qu ph hp vi cc c s l thuyt trnh by. Cc vn cn tip tc nghin cu: Hon thin tip cc c s l thuyt lin quan n hai loi d liu video v audio.

4. Mun th nghim.
Da vo cc c s l thuyt trnh by trong Kha lun, chng em tin hnh xy dng hai mun th nghim v nn d liu vn bn v truy tm vn bn trn c s ni dung. Mun nn d liu vn bn s dng thut ton nn Huffman. Mun truy tm vn bn s dng k thut ch mc ni dung ( tp ch mc) v k thut truy vn Boolean.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] I.H. Witten, A. Moffat and T.C. Bell, Managing Gigabytes. 2nd ed. Morgan Kaufmann, 1999.

[2] Sangoh Jeong, Histogram-Based Color Image Retrieval,

http://wang1.ist.psu.edu/

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K THUT CNG NH V NG DNG

H v tn: V Th o MSV: 0121846 Email: vuthidaok46cb@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Nng Ton

1. Gii thiu
K thut cng nh nguyn gc khng phi l k thut mi l nhng nhng bin tu v kt qu thu c n nay c v kha cnh nghin cu khoa hc v ng dng trong thc t cha tng xng vi sc hp dn ca n. V vy ti ca em tip tc nghin cu v cc k thut cng nh, t xut ra mt k thut cng nh ci tin nhm ng dng trong vic ti to on phim t cc nh i din. Cng vic ny c bit c ng dng trong trng hp, khi chng ta mun gim khng gian lu tr ca file video th chng ta trch trn cc nh i din t cc cnh phim. Mun ti s dng li th phi ti to t cc nh i din trch trn.

2. C s cc k thut cng nh
Cng nh l vic sinh ra cc nh trung gian t hai hay nhiu nh u vo thnh mt chui cc khung hnh lin tip. V d c hai nh u vo to ra 4 nh trung gian nh sau:

ra cc nh trung gian tun mt s nguyn tc sau khi thc hin: Chuyn i thuc tnh tng ng t khung hnh ny sang khung hnh kia v ngc li. Duy tr min li:cc min bin i l min li th trong khung hnh trung gian cng l min li. Duy tr hnh trng hnh hc: khi to ra cc nh trung gian hnh trng hnh hc cn c duy tr. nh x ng c trng: chng ta phi nh x lm sao cho tng c trng ring bit ca i tng ny tham chiu n ng c trng trn i tng kia Duy tr tnh nhn ca i tng m bo nn ca nh: khi ni suy i tng nh th nn ca chng cng ni suy theo. V th khc phc tnh trng ny, chng ta s tch nn v sau ghp nn li cho khung hnh. p dng cc nguyn tc trn, k thut cng nh ci tin c a ra c cht lng khung hnh trung gian tt, gim thi gian x l.

C s l thuyt : mt nh bao gm c tp cc c trng (xc nh hnh dng i tng nh) v tp cc thuc tnh (thng l thuc tnh v mu sc hay mc sng). Vy t nh gc v nh ch ta phi tm c cc nh trung gian c tp cc c trng v tp cc thuc tnh c tng hp theo mt t l cho trc t hai nh trn. C rt nhiu k thut cng nh khc nhau, mi k thut c nhng u nhc im ring nhng cho cht lng nh trung gian to ra tt, em c xut mt k thut cng nh ci tin dng trong vic ti to cnh phim. ti to cnh phim, chng ta to ra cc khung hnh trung gian. Nhng chui cc khung hnh trung gian ny khng phi l duy nht. V vy chng ta phi to sao cho chng c cht lng tt, gim thi gian x l. c cht lng hnh nh tt, k thut cng nh phi to

3. xut k thut ci tin trong vic ti to on phim t cc nh i din

K thut m em xut trn c s da vo u nhc im ca cc k thut cng nh n gin t rt ra nhn xt xy dng k thut cng nh nng cao. Cc k thut cng nh n gin: K thut xp chng: k thut cn bin v t chng cc nh ln nhau theo t l pha mu nht nh, t l ny trong khong [0,1]. Khi c thay i s to ra cc khung hnh khc nhau bin i t nh gc sang nh ch. Nhn xt: k thut ny n gin nhng cho cht lng khung hnh km, nht l khi cc nh khc xa nhau v ni dung. Cc khung hnh c to ra ch l s chng m ca cc nh u vo. K thut nn chnh: Nn chnh l vic dng hm bin i t mt nh gc thnh cc nh trung gian hng ti nh ch, trng hp

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nn chnh thnh nh ch l rt kh thc hin. V vy chng ta s nn chnh sao cho s sai khc gia nh c c sau khi nn chnh v nh gc l nh nht c th. C hai cch nn chnh l nn chnh xui (Forward Mapping) v nn chnh ngc (Reverse Mapping ). Nhn xt: k thut ny pht trin t rt sm v mang li nhiu kt qu kh quan. Tuy nhin khi xy dng hm nn chnh thng kh v phc tp, tn nhiu thi gian. K thut cng nh nng cao: tng c bn: u tin ta xy dng hm nn chnh f nn chnh cc nh u vo thnh cc nh trung gian, sau mi xp chng chng ln nhau. R rng nu ta khng nn chnh m xp chng ngay th cht lng khung hnh rt km, nht l nhng nh khc xa nhau v ni dung. Ta xy dng hm nn chnh nn chnh cc nh u vo nhm mc ch cc nh trung gian sau khi nn chnh s nh x ng cc c trng ln nhau (theo nguyn tc c cht lng ti to tt). Cui cng ta mi xp chng chng, c nh trung gian nh hnh v sau (c 3 nh u vo ri nn chnh, sau mi cng li )

4. Thc nghim
Em ci t th k thut trn trong vic ti to li on phim t cc nh i din, chng trnh t ra kh hiu qu. Do d liu video th nghim vi chng trnh cha nhiu nn cha nh gi c tc x l khi ti to li cc khung hnh trung gian to nn on phim. Cc nh gi thc nghim trn cn mang tnh ch quan.

5. Kt lun
Trong kha lun ny, em xut ra k thut cng nh ci tin da trn k thut nn chnh v xp chng nh sinh ra cc nh trung gian t cc nh c trng nhm khi phc li on d liu video. Kt qu ny c bit c ngha khi kt hp vi cc ng dng ca k thut tr nh trch trn cc nh c trng t cc cnh phim lm gim khng gian lu tr ca file video. V cng t cc nh c trng trch trn ta ti to li file khi s dng. Vic gim khng gian lu tr d liu video c nhiu ng dng khc nhau trong thc t nh: Trong cc vin bo tng, cc kho t liu lu tr vi s lng ln th vic khng gian lu tr l rt cn thit. Trong vic truyn ti cc file video trn mng v.v Chnh v cc l do trn nn cng vic ti to on phim khi s dng li cng c ngh c bit.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] H. Johan, Y.Koiso, T. Nishita (2000), Morphing using Curve and Shape Interpolation Techniques, Dept of Information Science Technical Report, p. 53-62, University of Tokyo, 2000 [2] Morpher Page, Website http://www.asahinet.or.jp [3] T. Kang, J.Gemmell, K.Toyama (1999), A Warp-Base Feature Tracker, Technical Report, Microsoft Research, 1999

Nhn xt: K thut ny cho cht lng ti to tt. y l cch tip cn da trn k thut nn chnh pht trin t rt sm nn sn c nhiu cng c tr gip. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca n l xy dng hm nn chnh nh thng kh, thi gian tnh ton cha nhanh do khi lng cng vic ln.

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XY DNG CNG C BIN SON BI GING TUN THEO CHUN SCORM

Nguyn Th Ngc ip-MSV: 0121853 Nguyn Th Bnh Giang-MSV: 0122262 Email: vot82t1@yahoo.com giangntb@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Nguyn Vit H

1. Gii thiu
e-Learning l ch vit tt ca Electronic Learning - hc tp in t. l mt hnh thc hc tp c phn phi v qun l thng qua cc phng tin in t, cc ng dng cng ngh. Mt xu hng pht trin eLearning hin nay ang c ch trng l xy dng cc ni dung hc tp c th ti s dng c, bn vng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh, kh chuyn gia cc h thng khc nhau v tng hiu qu kinh t. Do , cc chun v cc c t ra i phc v cho vic xy dng cc ni dung hc tp nh vy. SCORM l mt chun c a ra bi ADL (Advanced Distribute Learning) -mt t chc ca B quc phng M. Chun ny ang c ch nhiu nht v c kh nhiu sn phm tun theo chun SCORM. Trn c s nghin cu v chun SCORM, chng ti s xy dng mt b cng c bin son bi ging tun theo chun ny. Vi b cng c ny, ngi dng chnh l ngi gio vin, c th to, cp nht v ng gi mt kha hc d dng, thn thin m h khng cn bit cc chi tit k thut phc tp bn trong. Gi ni dung c th ti s dng c trn bt k h e-Learning no tng thch vi SCORM.

Mi trng chy SCORM-RTE, Sp xp v iu hng-SN. M hnh tch hp ni dung xc nh cch thc ng gi ni dung sao cho n c th s dng c trong nhiu h LMS (h qun tr hc) khc nhau. M hnh tch hp ni dung c chia thnh 3 phn: M hnh ni dung, Meta-data v ng gi ni dung. M hnh ni dung nh ngha mt m hnh hp l cho vic phn chia ni dung hc thnh cc n v c kch thc ty , phc v cho mc ch ti s dng. Cc n v ny c gi l cc Asset v SCO. Meta-data cung cp mt quy tc t tn chung m t cc ti nguyn hc. M t cc ti nguyn bng meta-data s gip cho vic tm kim chng mt cch h thng v d dng. ng gi ni dung c ct li l mt file imsmanifest.xml. File imsmanifest.xml gm c 4 phn chnh:

2. Chun SCORM v ng gi ni dung

SCORM l ch vit tt ca Sharable Content Reference Model M hnh tham chiu ni dung c th chia s c. SCORM c coi l s kt tinh tr tu ca c cng ng e-Learning trong nhiu nm qua. N l mt m hnh tham kho ca nhiu chun k thut, nhiu c t v cc hng dn c lin quan, c a ra bi cc t chc khc nhau, dng p ng cc yu cu mc cao ca ni dung hc tp. T tng chung ca SCORM l to ra cc i tng hc c th chia s v ti s dng. V c bn, chun SCORM bao gm 3 thnh phn: M hnh tch hp ni dung-CAM, - 22 -

Meta-data: Ghi cc thng tin c th v gi ni dung. Organizations: M t cu trc ni dung chnh ca gi. N gn nh mt bng mc lc. N tham chiu ti cc ti nguyn v cc file manifest con khc. Resourses: Bao gm cc m t tham chiu ti cc file khc c ng cng trong gi hoc cc file khc ngoi (v d cc a ch web).

Sub-manifest: M t ton b cc gi c gp vo bn trong gi chnh. Mi submanifest cng c cu trc gm: meta-data, organization, resourses, sub-manifest. Mi sub-manifest c th cha cc sub-manifest khc. c t ny cho php gp nhiu kha hc, cc thnh phn cao cp khc t cc bi hc n l, cc ch , v cc i tng hc tp mc thp. ng thi n cng cung cp k thut gp file manifest v cc file vt l khc thnh mt gi vt l. Cc nh dng file c khuyn co ghp cc file ring r l ZIP, JAR, CAB.

4. Thc nghim
Cng c xy dng c cc gi ni dung bao gm cc thnh phn c bn nh sau: -File c t cu trc gi ni dung c tn l imsmanifest.xml. -Cc file XML Schema (.xsd). -Cc file ti nguyn m gi ni dung tham chiu ti. Chng ti s dng Reload Editor - mt phn mm m ngun m - test tnh tun theo chun ca gi ni dung c to ra. Kt qu cho thy, gi ni dung c th c hin th li bng Reload. iu ny chng t rng, gi ni dung m cng c to ra c th ti s dng trn bt k h LMS no tun theo chun SCORM.

3. Xy dng cng c bin son bi ging tun theo chun SCORM

Chng ti xut xy dng mt cng c bin son bi ging tun theo chun SCORM. Cng c c xy dng da trn nn Web, s dng ngn ng lp trnh PHP. B cng c s m bo c nhng chc nng sau: H tr vic to cu trc bi ging theo mun: Khi to mi mt bi ging, ngi dng c th t xy dng cu trc bi ging, hoc xy dng da trn cc template c sn. Trn c s cc template ny, ngi dng c th chnh sa li cho ph hp. H tr vic cp nht, chnh sa cc gi ni dung. Vi cc gi ni dung tun theo chun SCORM, cng c s phn tch file c t cu trc imsmanifest.xml, t c th hin th li cu trc ca gi ni dung. Sau khi hin th, cng c cho php ngi dng c th chnh sa cu trc, cp nht cc ti nguyn ca gi ni dung. H tr vic ng gi v lu tr bi ging: Sau khi xy dng c cu trc cho gi ni dung, thng tin v c t cu trc ny s c lu tr trn file imsmanifest.xml, ngoi ra cng c cn sinh ra cc file h tr .xsd cha thng tin v XML Schema, cc file ny nh dng cu trc ca file imsmanifest. Sau , da vo c t trong file imsmanifest, cng c s tham chiu n cc file ti nguyn a vo gi ni dung. Cui cng, ni dung s c ng gi di dng mt gi zip. Gi ni dung c th c lu tr ti mt c s d liu tp trung trn server, hoc c th lu tr ti cc my c nhn ca ngi dng. - 23 -

5. Kt lun
Trn y chng ti a ra m hnh mt b cng c bin son bi ging tun theo chun SCORM, hin nay vn ang trong qu trnh xy dng v pht trin. Bc u, cng c mi m bo c cc chc nng to, cp nht, ng gi ni dung, trong tng lai, cng c s c b sung thm nhiu chc nng mi nh h tr thm cc template, tch hp cc ng dng h tr vic to bi ging trc tip, to ra cc ni dung h tr vic sp xp v iu hng,..

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Carnegie Mellon University (2003). Best Practices Guide for Content Developers. 1st-ed. [2] www.adlnet.org, SCORM Specification

Xy dng h thng qun l v bn sch trn mng

Thanh H MSV: 0102866 Email: dt_ha_82@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS.V c Thi

1. Gii thiu
X hi ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu hiu bit trn tt c cc lnh vc ca con ngi ngy cng c nng cao. p ng yu cu Vit Nam nhiu nh sch xut hin, nhng a s cc ca hng bn sch hin nay u t chc kinh doanh theo phng thc truyn thng dn n rt nhiu kh khn. Nhng kh khn trn trc tip lm gim ng k doanh thu ca ca hng bn sch. t ra cho cc nh sch cn phi c mt cch tip cn, thu ht mi c hiu qu hn. Gii php p dng cng ngh thng tin vo trong qun l, thng mi hin nay l mt xu th tt yu.

S lng sch ca nh sch ngy cng ln, khch hng truy cp vo h thng ngy cng nhiu do giao dch thng qua h thng mc cao. c th p ng tt nhu cu ca khch hng nh sch cn phi c i ng nhn vin ng o. i ng ny hot ng hiu qu ngi qun tr h thng cn phi phn quyn c th cho tng nhn vin. Ngi qun tr v cc nhn vin mun giao tip vi h thng phi ng nhp thng qua tn ng nhp v mt khu. Cc nhn vin ch thc hin c nhng chc nng nht nh ng vi quyn m ngi qun tr cp v khi cn ngi qun tr c quyn hu cc quyn ny. C cc quyn c bn sau: Quyn qun tr chung. Quyn qun tr d liu h thng. Quyn xem v tr li th gp , kin ngh ca khch hng. Quyn xem n t mua sch ca khch hng. 3.2. Cp nht d liu Chc nng ny gip cho vic cp nht d liu h thng. Mi nhn vin s m nhim mt vi cng vic m ngi qun tr cp. Cp nht d liu gm: Cp nht v phn loi sch. Cp nht khung phn loi. Cp nht ha n. Cp nht nhn vin. Cp nht nh cung cp. Vi mi khi trn c cc chc nng tm kim, thm, sa, xa. 3.3. Phc v khch hng y l chc nng chnh, cn thit nht cho h thng, n quyt nh s thnh bi ca nh sch. Chc nng ny c thc hin t pha khch hng, gm cc chc nng sau: + Tra cu sch: Mi khch hng truy cp vo Web site u c th s dng chc nng ny.

2. C s l thuyt
Mt s cng ngh c la chn thit k ng dng 1. Web Server: H thng s dng IIS (Internet Information Server) chy trn h iu hnh Window2000 Server, hoc Window2000 Professional hoc WindowServer 2003 lm Server cho h thng. 2. Web Browser: H thng c th chy tt trn nhiu trnh duyt Web nh Internet Explore, Nescape Navigator, Morilla FireFox vv. 3. Cng c lp trnh: Visual Studio .NET c la chon lm cng c pht trin h thng bn sch qua mng. N c thit k pht trin ng dng nhanh s dng cng ngh .NET 4. Crystal Report 9.0 c la chn lm cng c lm bo co cho h thng bn sch qua mng . Crystal Reports c thit k lm vic vi CSDL gip phn tch nhng thng tin quan trng. Crystal Reports gip to cc bo co n gin, v n cng l cng c cn thit xy dng cc bo co phc tp v c th. 5. Database Server: S dng SQL Server.

3. H thng bn v qun l sch trn mng.

3.1. Qun tr h thng

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Chc nng ny lit k tt c cc cun sch (c trong ca hng) tu thuc vo thng tin khch hng nhp vo. + Xem thng tin chi tit v mt quyn sch: Trc khi mua mt mt cun sch no cc thng tin nh m sch, tn sch, tc gi, nh xut bn, ni dung chnh ca sch... l rt cn thit cho khch hng. i khi nhng thng tin gip khch hng xc nh c cun sch m mnh cn mua. + ng k s dng h thng: Nu khch hng ch tra cu hoc xem chi tit sch th h khng cn phi ng k user. Nhng khi khch hng mun mua sch th h phi l thnh vin ca h thng bng cch nhp thng tin c nhn. Nh sch lu thng tin c nhn ny lm c s to ha n. Mi khch hng ch cn ng k mt ln, thng tin quan trng nht l tn ng nhp v mt khu. Sau khi ng k khch hng s c hm th ring. Vic ng k user l mt hnh thc bo mt cho khch hng bi v trc khi lp mi hay sa n hng v th gp hi p h phi ng nhp (bng tn ng nhp v mt khu). + ng k mua sch: Khch hng c th chn mua bt k cun sch no c trong kho sau khi tra cu. Trc khi lp n t mua khch hng phi ng nhp vo h thng v in y thng v thi gian v ni giao nhn sch. + Xem, sa n hng v thng tin c nhn: Khch hng c th thay i, hy b thng tin c nhn m mnh ng k trc ng thi c th thay i, hy b n hng t trc . + Gp , kin ngh: Khch hng c th gi th gp hoc kin ngh vi nh sch ng thi xem th phn hi t nh sch.

Server, WebServer l ASP.NET, Client s dng bt k mt Web Browser. H thng c nh gi l d dng v thn thin. Tuy nhin, do iu kin cn hn ch nn ti cha th ng dng h thng trn mng Internet.

5. Kt lun
Trong qu trnh lm kha lun tt nghip ti t c cc kt qu sau: + Tm hiu, nm bt v lm ch c cng c lp trnh trn Web l ASP.NET, VBScript, JavaScript cng nh cch thit k trang Web phc v thng mi in t. + Nm c mt vi khung phn loi ph bin dng phn loi sch. + Xy dng c h thng bn sch trn mng bao gm gii thiu sch ca nh sch vi khch hng ng thi gip nh sch qun l hng tn, nhn vin, nh cung cp. + Th hin c cc yu cu ca Site thng mi in t: ngi mua hng c th la chn hng, thay i hng theo s thch. Ngi mua hng c th sa n hng t. Ngoi ra khch hng c th ng gp kin, kin ngh vi nh sch. Nh sch c th theo di c n t hng ca khch hng. n hng ca khch hng cng nh d liu ca h thng c bo mt. Nhng mt hn ch: Cha p dng h thanh ton in t. Vic thanh ton tin mt rt kh khn (c bit l kim tra tnh ng n ca n hng). Ti liu tham kho [1] Nguyn Vn V, Phn tch thit k h thng thng tin hng cu trc v hng i tng (2002). [2] Alex Hommer, Dave Sussman, Professional ASP.Net 1.0 (2002 )

4. Thc nghim
Ti ci t thnh cng H thng bn v qun l sch trn mng p ng y cc yu cu nu mc 3. Chng trnh c vit theo kin trc 3 lp: Database Server s dng SQL

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TM HIU PHNG PHP PHN TCH MIN V TIN HNH PHN TCH TRN MIN GIO DC O TO
Diu Hng (hangdd84@yahoo.com) Dng Th Hnh (hanhdt_1180@yahoo.com) Hong Th H (bisoul@gmail.com) Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vn V ng hng dn: ThS. V Diu Hng

1. Gii thiu
Ti s dng phn mm t lu c tranh lun nh l mt phng php ci tin cht lng phn mm v lm tng nng sut pht trin phn mm. Cc mc ti s dng ca cc ch tc khc nhau nh m ngun, cc thnh phn, khung lm vic, mu phn tch, m hnh, l khc nhau. Chng ti la chn phng php phn tch min lin kt hng i tng (Joint Object-Oriented Domain Analysis JODA) nhm hng ti mc ch ti s dng cc sn phm mc cao nht l cc m hnh min. Theo , chng ti tin hnh phn tch min o to a ra c m hnh chung nht c trng cho min, xy dng cc ch tc s dng li nh cc frame, template v p dng mt cch c th vi mt s bi ton trong min.

Xc nh cc lp khi nim, cc thuc tnh cng vi mi quan h gia cc lp khi nim v kho st cc trng thi ca i tng phc tp M phng cc kch bn min Tru tng ho, nhm gp cc i tng nhm a ra c khung kin trc chung nht cho min mt cch chi tit nht. Phng php JODA c nh gi l phng php c nhiu u im ni bt so vi cc phng php phn tch min khc v to ra c cc ch tc c kh nng ti s dng li cao v ph hp vi phng php phn tch thit h h thng hng i tng ang rt ph bin hin nay.

3. Thc nghim
1) Phn tch min Gio dc o to Chng ti vn dng phng php phn tch min lin kt hng i tng JODA phn tch min Gio dc o to a ra m hnh kin trc chung nht cho min bng nhng c trng c bn nht ca min. - Pha thu thp thng tin min: thu thp v x l cc ti liu hng dn nghip v, nhng quy nh, quyt inh, quy ch, Tm hiu cc sn phm trong tin trnh phn tch thit k, trin khai, bo tr ca cc h thng tn ti trong min nh h thng qun l sinh vin, hc sinh, h thng qun l gio vin, phn cng ging dy, h thng tuyn sinh, Nhng chuyn gia min c kh nng ng gp v nghip v, v kin, kinh nghim c lin quan ti min. - Pha xc nh min o Phm vi min Gio dc o to: l mt lnh vc bao gm mi vn lin quan ti gio dc o to v cc h thng ng dng c xy dng v pht trin nhm phc v cng tc gio dc v o to

2. C s l thuyt
Phng php phn tch min lin kt hng i tng (JODA) xy dng m hnh min da trn vic phn tch cc i tng trong min cng vi cc thuc tnh v cc hnh vi ca n. Theo phng php ny, phn tch min c chia lm ba pha chnh: Pha thu thp ti nguyn min, Pha xc nh ngha min, Pha m hnh ho min. Trong pha m hnh ho min l pha quan trng nht trong tin trnh phn tch min. Pha thu thp thng tin min yu cu ly thng tin t cc chuyn gia min, cc h thng tn ti trong min cng vi s pht trin ca cc h thng trc , cc ngun ti nguyn min, tri thc min nhm h tr vic hiu bit thm v min cng vi kin v s gip ca cc chuyn gia min. Pha xc nh min nhm xc nh phm vi ca min, xy dng cc biu ch mc cao nht v nh ngha cc dch v trong min. Pha m hnh ho min l pha quan trng nht bao gm cc cng vic:

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o Cc dch v chnh trong min Gio dc o to gm c: Qun l tuyn sinh, Phn cng ging dy, lp thi kho biu, qun l im, qun l ngi hc (hc sinh, sinh vin, hc vin, ), qun l trang thit b hc tp, - Pha m hnh ho min: dng cc m hnh min vi cc c trng chung nht cho min v c th ho cc bi ton trong min, l: Bi ton qun l tuyn sinh, qun l ging dy v qun l im. a ra c cc sn phm nhm phc v tin trnh xy dng cc h thng c th trong min sau ny. Cc sn phm ca pha m hnh ho bao gm: o Cc biu lp khi nim ca h thng qun l tuyn sinh, qun l ging dy, qun l im: cc lp khi nim chung nht cng cc thuc tnh v mi quan h gia cc lp khi nim. o Cc biu trng thi: m t bin i trng thi ca cc i tng phc tp trong cc min . Cc kch bn min: kch bn phn o cng ging dy, kch bn t chc xt tuyn, kch bn t chc thi, kch bn sinh v lu tr, tnh ton im. o Cc biu ch : nhm gp cc i tng theo cc gi, cc biu tng qut ho chuyn bit ho, quan h tha k gia cc lp i vi phng php phn tch min JODA, cc sn phm phn tch min c s tng ng nht nh i vi cc sn phm trong tin trnh phn tch h thng c theo phng php phn tch thit k hng i tng bng UML. iu ny th hin c kh nng ti s dng rt cao t cc sn phm m hnh ho min trong qu trnh xy dng cc h thng ng dng trong min sau ny. 2) p dng gii quyt bi ton Qun l ging dy, Qun l tuyn sinh, Qun l im trng trung hc c s

chng minh kh nng ti s dng cc sn phm ca qu trnh m hnh ho min theo phng php JODA l rt ln, chng ti tin hnh phn tch, thit k cc h thng c th: h thng qun l tuyn sinh, h thng qun l ging dy, h thng qun l im ca mt trng trung hc c s c th. - Phn tch, thit k v xy dng demo h thng qun l xt tuyn (khng c thi) trng ph thng trung hc - Phn tch, thit k v xy dng demo h thng phn cng ging dy trong trng ph thng trung hc - Phn tch, thit k v xy dng demo h thng qun l ghi im v tnh im trung bnh trong trng ph thng trung hc

4. Kt lun
Trong kha lun ny, chng ti nghin cu v p dng mt phng php phn tch min phn tch min o to nhm to ra cc sn phm c kh nng ti s dng mc cao chnh l cc m hnh min; Vn dng xy dng h thng c th theo hng ti s dng cc sn phm ca phn tch min chng minh tnh ti s dng cao ca nhng sn phm . Tuy nhin, phng php phn tch min lin kt hng i tng ch thc s c hiu qu ti s dng trong phn tch v thit k h thng theo phng php hng i tng v khng cn c bt c mt s chuyn i no gia cc sn phm m hnh min m ch ti s dng theo nhng cch khc nhau m thi.

5. Ti liu tham kho

[1] P.Freeman, "Reusable Software Engineering: Concepts andResearch Directions", Tutorial: Software Reusability, IEEE Computer Society Press, Washington, DC, 1987, pp.10 - 23. [2] Robert Holibaugh, Joint IntegratedAvionics Working Group (JIAWG) Object-Oriented Domain Analysis Method (JODA), Version 3.1, November 1993

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MNG KHNG DY V CC NG DNG CHO THIT B DI NG

L Vit H MSV: 0121869 Email: ha.leviet@gmail.com Ngi hng dn: ThS. Trn Th Minh Chu

1. Gii thiu
Cng ngh khng dy cho php ta lin kt nhiu thit b bng sng radio m khng dng nhng kt ni vt l - tc l khng cn ti cable mng. Mc ch chnh ca cng ngh khng dy l cung cp cho ngi s dng kh nng truy cp thng tin bt c u v ti bt k thi im no vi cc thit b c v tr lin tc thay i. Ngy nay, vi s pht trin lin tc ca cc thit b di ng, nn tng mng di ng v c nhu cu ca ngi s dng, lnh vc pht trin ng dng cho cng ngh khng dy c m ra nhiu hng y tim nng nh truy cp Internet, truy cp ti cc ti nguyn a phng tin v cc tr chi.

2. Cng ngh Khng dy - Mng Khng dy

Cng ngh khng dy s dng sng radio trong khi cc cng ngh truyn thng s dng cc loi cable lm phng tin truyn d liu. Phm v ca cng ngh khng dy l rt ln, k t nhng h thng mng trn din rng v phc tp nh mng WLAN, mng in thoi di ng cho ti nhng h thng, thit b cc k n gin nh tai nghe, micro khng dy v mt lot cc thit b khng c nhim v lu tr v x l thng tin khc. N cng bao gm cc cc thit b hng ngoi (IR) nh cc loi iu khin t xa, mt s loi chut v bn phm khng dy v tai nghe stereo khng dy, cc thit b loi ny u cn mt khng gian khng b chn gia hai thit b truyn v nhn tn hiu ng ng kt ni.

3. Mobile Ad hoc Network, Bluetooth, v mt s chun mng di ng khc

Mt mng ad-hoc (hay mng ad-hoc di ng) - MANET (mobile ad-hoc network) - l mt mng t cu hnh gm cc thit b nh tuyn di ng (mobile routers) c kt ni vi nhau bng cc lin kt khng dy. Ton b cc thit b ny to nn mt hnh trng (topo) mng tu . Cc thit b nh tuyn c php - 25 -

di chuyn ngu nhin v t t chc chng mt cch tu , v th hnh trng mng khng dy ny c th thay i rt nhanh v khng th on trc. Mt mng ad-hoc l mt tp hp cc kt ni trc tip (p2p) c hnh thnh mt cch t ng v tu gia cc nt m khng cn n c s h tng mng, thit b iu khin trung tm hay mt thit b no khc can thip vo. Bluetooth l tng c cng ty Ericsson xut vo nm 1994 v ti nm 1998, hip hi Bluetooth c sng lp bi lin minh Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Intel v Toshiba. Cho ti nay, n c xp x 1900 cng ti v tp on lm thnh vin. Bluetooth chnh l v d ni bt cho chun mng ad hoc. Trong ngnh cng nghip my tnh v vin thng, Bluetooth c nh ngha l phng thc cc my in thoi di ng, cc my tnh v cc thit b cm tay (PDA) kt ni vi nhau, vi cc my in thoi c nh v vi cc my tnh s dng cc kt ni khng dy trong phm vi hp. Ngoi Bluetooth, mng khng dy cn bao gm rt nhiu chun khc nhau. l kt qu ca mt mi trng cn rt mi m nhng pht trin vt bc ch trong mt thi gian ngn. Chun AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Systems - Cc h thng in thoi Di ng Ci tin), loi chun ca cc thit b in thoi di ng thuc th h u tin cho php cc thit b t nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau lm vic c vi c s h tng mng khng dy ca nhng nh sn xut khc. Chun AMPS s dng cng ngh FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) - cng ngh i hi bng thng rt rng v hot ng di tn t 824 n 829 MHz (gn ging vi sng radio FM). Cc chun in thoi khc bao gm IS136 (s dng cng ngh TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access), IS-95 (CDMA Code Division Multiple Access) v GSM (mt

chun TDMA khc). Rt nhiu thit b cm tay (cc PDA v in thoi di ng) c h tr chun giao thc WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) - giao thc cho php truy cp e-mail v Internet mt cch an ton.

5. Thc nghim
Mc tiu ca qu trnh thc nghim l xy dng mt ng dng bng J2ME cho php hai thit b di ng kt ni trc tip vi nhau qua giao tip Bluetooth. Tuy nhin do gii hn v trang thit b nn ng dng ny c l s ch c kim nghim trn cc cng c gi lp.

4. Mi trng phn mm thit b di ng.

J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition) c ngha n gin l Java dnh cho cc thit b nh. Cc thit b nh y bao gm in thoi di ng, thit b cm tay (PDA), h thng nh v trn t, v.v.. J2ME c chia ra thnh 3 phn l configurations, profiles v optional APIs, mi phn u cung cp cc thng tin chi tit v cc API v cc dng thit b khc nhau. - Mt configuration c thit k dnh ring cho mt loi thit b nht nh da trn gii hn b nh v sc mnh ca b x l. N xc nh mt my o Java (JVM) c th c ci t d dng vo cc thit b h tr cho configuration . N cng xc nh mt s API dnh cho J2SE cng nh mt s API khc c th c s dng trn nn tng ny. - Profiles chi tit hn configurations, n da trn mt configuration v thm vo cc API dnh cho giao din ngi dng, lu tr, v bt k API no cn cho vic pht trin ng dng. - Cc Optional APIs nh ngha thm cc chc nng m c th c thm vo trong mt configuration nht nh. Tt c cc configuration, profile v optional API khi c ci t trn mt thit b u c gi chung l 1 stack. V d trong tng lai mt stack c th bao gm CLDC/MIDP + Mobile Media API.

6. Kt lun
Kho lun ny trnh by nhng nghin cu t tng qut ti mt s phn chi tit ca ton b b mt h thng mng khng dy, ng thi a ra nhng nguyn tc v phng php pht trin mt ng dng cho mi trng mng di ng khng dy. y l mt hng i kh mi m v ha hn nhiu tim nng trong tng lai. Cc vn cn tip tc nghin cu: ng dng c th khai thc t thit b di ng l rt nhiu, c th k ra mt s ng dng quan trng nh truy cp cc ti nguyn a phng tin t thit b cm tay, truy cp Internet v tham gia cc hot ng trc tuyn (nh chng khon, u gi, tr chi...)

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Tom Karygiannis, Les Owens - Wireless Network Security - National Institute of Standards and Technology (Special Publication) [2] Matthew Gast - Wireless Network: The Definitive Guide - O'Reilly (April 2002) [3] Roger Riggs, Antero Taivalsaari, Jim van Peursem, Jyri Huopaniemi, Mark Patel, Aleksi Uotila, Jim Holliday Programming Wireless Devices with the Java 2 Platform - Addison Wesley, 2003. [4] Jonathan Knudsen - Wireless Java Developing with J2ME, Second Edition Apress (2003)

M t tng quan v J2ME - 26 -

NG DNG CNG NGH HNG I TNG XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN GIAO THNG MT CCH T NG Nguyn Hong H Nguyn Hong Long Trn Trung Thnh Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vn V

1. Gii thiu
Vn iu khin giao thng ca nc ta hin nay cn nhiu bt cp. Vic phn lung ti a s cc nt giao thng cn cha khoa hc, cc lung phng tin, lung ngi i b cn giao nhau gy ra ch tc. H thng n tn hiu iu khin ch dng li mc th s, thiu tnh mm do, do khng p ng c yu cu ca thc t. gp phn gii quyt tnh trng trn, nhm chng ti tin hnh xy dng mt h thng iu khin giao thng ng b, bao gm vic phn lung v iu khin n tn hiu.

2. C s l thuyt
gii quyt bi ton t ra, nhm s dng cng ngh hng i tng phn tch thit k v lp trnh. Cng ngh hng i tng l mt cng ngh tng i mi m.u im ca n l tnh linh hot, mm do d vn hnh v bo tr. N c bit t ra c hiu qu i vi cc h thng iu khin. Ngoi cng ngh hng i tng, nhm cn ng dng l thuyt th tm ra cc cch phn lung ti u. Nhm cng tm hiu l thuyt v cc phn mm nhng tin hnh cy chng trnh iu khin vo trong chip.

//Bc 1: Lp mt th v hng G c cc nh tng ng vi cc l trnh. Nu hai l trnh xung t nhau th gia hai nh tng ng c mt cnh. //Bc 2 (lp) while(true) { if(G khng cn nh no) Kt thc thut ton; else Tm mt th con cc i G ' G sao cho tt c cc cp nh ca G u khng c cnh ni vi nhau. Tp cc l trnh tng ng vi cc nh ca G lm thnh mt pha. Ghi li pha ny v loi b cc nh, cc cnh thuc Gra khi G; } }

3.2 nh thi gian cho cc pha

3. H thng iu khin giao thng

i vi bi ton iu khin giao thng th hai vn cn phi gii quyt l: Phn lung ti nt giao thng. nh thi gian hot ng cho cc pha (pha l tp cc l trnh c hot ng ng thi). 3.1 Phn lung ti nt giao thng. tm ra cc phng n phn lung hp l cho tng nt giao thng, nhm chng ti s dng l thuyt th. Di y l thut ton tnh cc phng n phn lung:
Procedure findSolution {

tk =dtk(Tm*t m*twk) k

Trong :

tk : l thi gian hot ng ca pha th k

dtk: l t l gia thi gian hot ng ca lung
k so vi chu k T ca h thng. Tham s ny c c trng bi t s gia lu lng n v lu lng thot ca pha k

m: l s pha ca nt giao thng.

: l thi gian tr gia 2 pha lin tip. Tham t

s ny ph thuc vo rng nt giao thng v vn tc ca phng tin trong nt.

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t wk : l thi gian hao ph khi pha th k bt u

i. 3.3 Module tnh thi gian v Module m phng. 3.3.1 Module tnh thi gian: Module ny c chc nng tnh thi gian cho cc pha. N cho php ngi dng cu hnh mt cch mm do cc cch phn lung v nhp cc tham s c trng ring. 3.3.1 Module m phng: Minh ha cch cu hnh phn lung v nh thi gian cho cc pha ti mt nt giao thng. M phng hot ng ca n tn hiu giao thng v cc phng tin theo thng tin c cu hnh.

5. Ti liu tham kho

[1] Nguyn Vn Vy, Phn tich thit k cc h thng thng tin hin i, NXB Thng K 2002. [2] Nguyn Vn Vy, Bi ging Phn tch thit k h thng phn mm theo hng i tng, 2002. [3] ng Vn c, Phn tch thit k hng i tong bng UML. NXB Gio dc 2002. [4] Graig Larman. Applying UML and Patterns. An Introduction to Object Oriented Analysis and design. Prentice Hall PTR, 1998. [5] Graydy booch, james rumbaugh, Ivar jacobson. UML - The Unified modeling language user guide. Bn dch ting Vit ca PGS. TS Nguyn Vn V, V Diu Hng, Nguyn Anh c [6] c Gio. Ton ri rc. NXB Gio dc, 2002. [7] inh Manh Tng. Cu truc d liu va thut toan. NXB Khoa hoc va ky thut 2003 [8] Xun Li. Cu trc d liu v gii thut. NXB HQGH Ni 2004 [9] Deitel Inc. Java how to program Fouth edition, 2001 [10] Jonathan Knudsen, Java 2D graphics, Oreilly. [11] Microsoft. MSDN 2003 [12] Sybase. Power Designer - User Guide [13] Eric Brow. Windows Form programing with C#. Manning Publication Co [14] Aptech. Introduction programming in C# to .NET and

4. Kt lun.
Kt qu: o Phn tch yu cu bi ton, tm ra cc cch phn lung tt nht cho cc nt giao thng khc nhau v c th ng dng vo thc t. o Xy dng h thng n iu khin ng vi tng cch phn lung. o Xy dng v lp trnh gii bi ton xc nh thi gian iu khin ca h thng tn hiu cho iu kin c th ca tng nt giao thng. o Lp trnh m phng phng n n iu khin giao thng trn my tnh theo phng n phn lung cho. Hng pht trin: o Trong thi gian ti nhm s tip tc nghin cu tin hnh nhng chng trnh iu khin vo trong chip v th nghim trong thc t. o Nghin cu iu khin tn hiu t ng n tn hiu theo di lung n cc nt giao thng vo gi cao im. ngha: o Khi h thng c a vo vn hnh trong thc t s gp phn gii quyt c tnh trng ch tc ti cc nt giao thng vo gi cao im. o Nh phn lung hp l nn lm gim tai nn ti cc nt giao thng do cc lung giao nhau.

[15] Aptech. Advanced .NET Programing and Security in .NET [16] CyPress Microsystem Designer 2003. "Psoc 2003

[17] CyPress Microsystem http://www.cypress.com/psoc

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H THNG QUN L NHN S NGNH GIO DC V O TO THNH PH H NI

Hong Xun Ho MSV: 0121877 Email: haooffotech@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vn V ThS. ng c Hnh lp thc th NhanVien vo trong c s d liu, chng ta to ra mt lp nh x tng ng l NhanVienDBMapper. Lp nh x NhanVienDBMapper s chu trch nhim thc hin vic lu tr v truy xut thng tin cho cc lp thc th NhanVien. phn bit cc i tng thc th cng loi, mi i tng thc th u phi c nh danh phn bit vi cc i tng cng loi. V d: nhn vin A v nhn vin B phn bit vi nhau bng m s ca h. Chng hn A c m s l 1 phn bit vi B c m s l 2. Ch : cc lp nh x u phi thi hnh giao din IMapper vi hai phng thc c bn l Get v Put. VD: interface IMapper { object Get(OID oid); void Put(OID oid, object obj); } class NhanVienDBMapper: IMapper { object Get(OID oid) { cc cu lnh SQL ly nhn vin c nh danh l oid trong CSDL (t bng nhan_vien). return (i tng nhn vin); } void Put(OID oid, object obj) { cc cu lnh SQL chn i tng obj vi nh danh l oid vo CSDL. (vo bng nhan_vien). } } Cui cng chng ta s to ra mt lp khung cha tt c cc lp nh x ti c s d liu.

1. Gii thiu
Nhu cu tin hc ha cng tc qun l nhn s cho cc doanh nghip, cc ngnh ni chung cho ngnh gio dc v o to ni ring l rt cn thit. H thng qun l nhn s cho php cp nht h s d liu v cc nhn vin mt cch ng b v c t ng ha n mc ti a bng vic s dng cc bng danh mc. Gip cho ngi qun l d dng thao tc trn c s d liu, thao tc nghip v, v a ra cc bo co thng k nhanh chng v tnh hnh nhn s trnh lnh o ngnh. Vi cch tip cn h thng bng vic dng cng ngh hng i tng s gip chng ta d dng qun l cc i tng, tng kh nng bo tr, ng gi v c bit tnh ti s dng cc thnh phn ca h thng. l mc ch m kha lun tt nghip ny hng ti

2. C s l thuyt
S dng phng php phn tch v thit k theo cng ngh mi: cng ngh hng i tng. Phng php ny gip gii quyt bi ton theo ci nhn hng i tng. Xem cc yu cu ca h thng nh cc ca s dng tng ng. Trin khai cc ca s dng tm c theo phng php hng i tng. Dng ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht UML m t nghip v ca bi ton v xy dng bn thit k h thng. Phng php ny tuy l rt mi Vit Nam, nhng c p dng rng ri trn th gii, c bit cc nc tin tin.

3. Cc vn v thit k cc lp nh x i tng vo c s d liu

Vi mi lp thc th trong h thng chng ta s thit k mt lp nh x ca thc th vo c s d liu. V d: lp thc th NhanVien cha cc thng tin c bn v mt nhn vin, nh x

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Vic lu tr v truy xut cc i tng vi c s d liu u thng qua lp ny; VD: class PersistenceFacade { cha cc lp nh x. Hashtable mapperList; object Get(OID, class type); .. } nhan vien = (NhanVien) PersistenceFacade.get(oid, typeof NhanVien)

cc nh gi thc nghim trn cn mang tnh ch quan.

5. Kt lun
Trong kha lun ny, ti xy dng h thng qun l nhn s theo phng php ca cng ngh hng i tng, s dng ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht UML din t yu cu bi ton v hng gii quyt bi ton. Tuy nhin do thi gian, kinh nghim v s hiu bit v cng ngh mi ny cn hn ch nn phn phn tch cng nh thit k h thng cn cha c r rng v ng n. Vic kho st h thng cn s si nn cha nm r c nghip v cng nh yu cu ca h thng mt cch vng vng. Tuy nhin vi phng php phn tch v thit k theo cng ngh hng i tng ny, h thng qun l nhn s c thi hnh theo ng theo bn thit k. H thng chy n nh, x l d liu t ng v ng b, c kh nng bo tr, sa li, c bit l kh nng ti s dng rt cao. Cc vn cn tip tc nghin cu: tm hiu k hn phng php phn tch thit k theo cng ngh hng i tng, xy dng h mi gii gia cc i tng v c s d liu mt cch y v hon chnh hn.

4. Thc nghim
Ti ci t h thng qun l nhn s vi cc chc nng nh: Qun l vic ng nhp h thng, qun l ngi dng nh cp mt khu, sa thng tin account, thm v xa account v.v. Cp nht cc thng tin h s ca nhn vin nh: quan h gia nh, qu trnh hc ngoi ng, thng tin c nhn ca nhn vin, trnh qun l nh nc v.v. Cp nht cc bng danh mc trong h thng nh: cc n v, hnh thc khen thng, loi cn b, ch bo him x hi v.v. Cc chc nng qun l nghip v ca h thng nh: qun l qu trnh i cng tc, qu trnh bi dng, qu trnh ging dy ca nhn vin, nng lng, chuyn ngch v thuyn chuyn cn b v.v. Kt qu thc nghim cho thy h thng qun l nhn s chy n nh, d liu chnh xc v ng b, rt tin li cho vic cp nht d liu. Do cc d liu kho st cn t nn cha nh gi c tc thc hin ca h thng. Cng vic kho st cha c s chun b k lng nn

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Graig Larman, Applying UML and Patterns. An Introduction to Object Oriented Analysis and Design. Prntic Hall PTR, 1998 (ISSBN 0-13-748889-7). [2] Nguyn Vn V, Bi ging Phn tch thit k h thng phn mm theo hng i tng, B mn cng ngh phn mm, i hc Cng Ngh, HQGHN, H ni, 2004.109 tr. [3] Nguyn Vn V, V Diu Hng, Nguyn Anh c. (ti liu dch): Ngn ng m hnh ha thng nht. Hng dn s dng. Khoa Cng Ngh, HQGHN, H ni, 2002.361 tr

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PHN TCH THIT K H THNG MNG VIC LM

Sinh vin: Nguyn c Hi S th: sv0121881 Email: haind_vn@yahoo.com 1.Gii thiu bi ton Mng vic lm c xem nh mt trung tm gii thiu v mi gii vic lm trc tuyn, mng vic lm l ni trung gian gia ngi lao ng v cc cng ty tuyn dng. Nh tuyn dng mun tm c ng vin ph hp vi v tr ca cng ty th ch cn thng bo tuyn dng trn mng vic lm. Tng t nh nh tuyn dng, ngi lao ng mun tm cho mnh mt cng vic ph hp vi trnh ca mnh th ch cn vit h s xin vic, ban qun tr mng s a thng tin ln mng vic lm, v giai on sau nh tuyn dng v ng vin s lin h vi nhau nu mt bn tm thy ng vin ph hp vi v tr cn tuyn dng hay cng vic ph hp vi yu cu ca mnh. Sau qu trnh nh tuyn dng v ngi lao ng vit h s, ban qun tr s tip nhn thng tin v tin hnh phn loi thng tin theo theo yu cu tuyn dng cng nh yu cu ca ngi lao ng. Nhng thng tin ny c th l cng vic cn tuyn, v tr, mc lng, a im,... . Vic phn loi ny gip ch rt nhiu trong qu trnh nh tuyn dng cng nh ngi lao ng tm c nhng thng tin mt cch nhanh v hiu qu nht. Trong qu trnh qun tr, ban qun tr s lc thng tin ca nh tuyn dng v ng vin tm vic, nu thng tin khng ph hp v c ni dung khng trong sng hoc ph hp vi tiu tr ca mng vic lm, th ngi qun tr c th loi b h s ca ng vin, nh tuyn dng, v thnh vin ra khi mng vic lm. Gio vin hng dn: TS L Vn Phng a ch: Vin Cng Ngh Thng Tin in Thoi :0913.314.321 2. Kho st thc trng cc hnh thc tm v tuyn vic lm, nhc im ca nhng m hnh ny 2.1. kho st thc trng: Hin nay c rt nhiu hnh thc m nh tuyn dng v ngi tm vic lin h vi nhau vn ang din ra hng ngy. Qua mt s kho st thc t chng ta thy rng c mt s hnh thc tuyn v tm vic lm nh sau. qua cc thng tin i chng qua cc hnh thc mi gii qua hi ch vic lm mt s hnh thc khc 2.2. Nhc im ca nhng m hnh trn: Nhng m hnh trn phn no p ng c nhu cu th trng lao ng, song n cng to cho nh tuyn dng nhng kh khn nh: Mt thi gian ch i gia ng vin v nh tuyn dng v khi ng vin v nh tuyn dng nng k tm vic trn hi ch hoc trung tm t vn th phi mt mt khong thi gian di mi c th trao i cng vic. Mt l ph ng tin: Khi nh tuyn dng v ng vin mun tm vic hoc tn nhn lc th phi mt mt khong tin gi l l ph mi gii. To s bi di khi ng vin v nh tuyn dng mun tm mt hnh thc ng tin v khng phi khi no hi ch vic lm cng t chc v cc

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trung tm t vn no cng hot ng trong sng. iu quyt nh nht l nh tuyn dng s mt i nhng ng vin tim nng v ng vin s mt i nhng c hi vic lm tt nht.

tm c mt cng vic nhanh nht ph hp vi trnh ca ng vin. H tr nh tuyn dng c c nhng thng tin mi nht, ng ti thng tin tuyn dng v tm c nhng ng vin c nng lc ph hp vi cng vic m nh tuyn dng ang cn. To ra mng vic c nhng thng tin y , mi nht, chnh xc v hiu qu p ng y yu cu ca nh tuyn dng v ng vin. Giao din s dng thn thin, ph hp vi chc nng ca mng vic lm d s dng Cng c tm kim thng minh, nhanh v hiu qu, gip nh tuyn dng v ng vin tm kim nhanh nht. Phn tch thit k h thng ti u nht, c tnh cht bo mt nht v chng hacker ph hoi 5. Kt lun Qua qa trnh kho st thc t, phn tch h thng v kim th h thng mng vic lm hot ng bc u t c nhng yu cu c bn nht. Song bc l nhng thiu st cn c thi gian c b sung, phn tch chi tit v hon thnh m ngun. a mng vic lm hot ng online. 6. Ti liu tham kho
[1] PGS, TS Nguyn Vn V, Phn tch

3. Mng vic lm ra i s gii quyt c nhng nhc im ca cc m hnh trn Rt ngn khong cch gia ng vin v nh tuyn dng. Tit kim cho nh tuyn dng v ng vin nhng khon tin nht nh (tu vo ban qun tr mng c thu ph ng tin hay khng). Tin kim thi gian cho nh tuyn dng cng nh ng vin. Ch cn kch chut l ng vin c th tm c nhng cng vic ph hp v nh tuyn dng c th tn nhng ng vin c trnh . Kt qu mong i nht l nh tuyn dng s tm c nhng ng vin ph hp vi v tr tuyn dng, cn nhng ng vin s tm cho mnh mt cng vic ph hp vi trnh v nng lc ca ng vin.

4. Nhng yu cu t ra khi phn tch thit k mng vic lm Xy dng mt mng vic lm ng c nhng yu cu ca tuyn dng v ng vin, thu khong cch gia ng vin v tuyn dng. p nh hp nh

thit k cc h thng thng tin hin i . [2] http://www.tuyendung.com trang web tuyn dng. [3] PHP manual, ti liu cho phn ci t . - 35 -

Thit k mng vic lm h tr ng vin tm c nhng thng tin mi nht, ng ti thng tin tm vic v

Framework Struts
Phan th Hng Hnh MSV: 0121886 Email: honghanhp@gmail.com Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vn V

1. Gii thiu
Ngy nay cc framework ngy cng gi vai tr quan trng trong vic xy dng ng dng. Vic s dng framework gip chng ta tit kim c nhiu thi gian, cng sc, m vn t c kt qu nh mong i. y lun vn xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt framework c th l framework Struts s dng trong xy dng ng dng web da trn nn cng ngh Java.

ngy nay l mi trng tch hp, l s kt hp ca nhiu cng ngh. pht trin ng dng Struts chng ta s da trn cc cng ngh nh JSPs, Servlet, m hnh MVC. Trong phn ny cng c nhng m t mt cch khi qut v nhng cng ngh ny. V cc ng link tm hiu chi tit v tng cng ngh 3) Tng quan v cc thnh phn ca

Framework Struts
Trong phn ny i m t chi tit cc thnh phn v vai tr ca framework Struts. Bt u vi thnh phn iu khin (Controller), sau n thnh phn khung nhn (View) v cui cng l thnh phn Model ng nh cu trc ca m hnh MVC. 3.1. Thnh phn Controller Thnh phn iu khin l thnh phn gi vai tr ch o trong framework Struts. y s c s m t chi tit v cc thnh phn to nn Controller. l ActionServlet, Action, RequestProcessor, Plugins. C ch ra Controller lm vic nh th no khi nhn c mt yu cu. Qu trnh n s l ra sao hon thnh yu cu . Phn ny cng c nhng on m minh ho, hng dn bn khi xy dng ng dng Struts. 3.1.1. ActionServlet y l thnh phn gi vai tr ch o trong ton b ng dng Struts. L thnh phn chnh m qun l yu cu pha client, quyt nh Action s x l yu cu nhn c. M t cch m ActionServlet hot ng th no? Sau c hng dn ta xy dng ActionServlet ca ring mnh k tha t ActionServlet c. Tip theo

2. Tng quan v framework

Phn ny gii thiu vi cc bn khi nim framework l g, c trng ca framework nh kh nng ti s, kh nng m rng,, phn lp framework theo phm vi, hay theo cu trc. C s so snh framework vi Pattern, Class libraries, Components. y cng a ra cho bn mt v d v ng dng framework trong xy dng giao din ho (GUI),

3. Framework Struts
Phn ny l phn chnh ca lun vn i su vo tm hiu v framework Struts. 1) Khi nim v Struts: Cho chng ta mt hnh dung nht nh v Struts. Struts l mt framework m ngun m da trn cng ngh Java c s dng xy dng cc ng dng web. Thi im m Struts ra i, ai l ngi xy dng nn Struts? V Struts c s dng vo u? 2) Cc cng ngh cho php cng Struts y l phn ch ra cho bn mi trng, cng c pht trin cc ng dng s dng framework Struts. Bi v mi trng pht trin

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cu hnh c th s dng c lp ActionServlet mi xy dng 3.1.2. Action y l thnh phn th hai trong thnh phn iu khin. Thnh phn ny c m t thng qua cc phng thc quan trng nh execute(). Cng hng dn bn cch xy dng cc Action k tha t lp Action ca framework Struts, v cch cu hnh vi n. 3.1.3. Struts Plugins y l phn gii thiu v mt modul m rng i vi Struts Controller. Thnh phn ny ch c trong Struts 1.1. Cc phin bn v trc khng c. y cng hng dn bn cch xy dng Plugins cho ring mnh bng vic override hai phng thc init(), destroy ca 3.1.4. RequestProcessor RequestProcessor cha logic m Struts thc thi iu khin cng vi tng yu cu servlet t container. y cng l lp m bn s mun override khi bn mun tu bin vic x l ca ActionServlet.

y l phn m t cch ta chun ho ng dng Struts. Chnh v tun theo chun nn Struts c h tr bi rt nhiu nhng framework khc nh ca Struts. Validator hay Tiles, y cng l mt phn to nn s thnh cng

3.5 Gii thiu mt s framework h tr cho Struts

Phn ny gii thiu hai framework m Struts thng dng l Validator kim tra tnh hp l v Tiles gip chng ta xy dng ng dng ging nh template.

4. Bi ton p dng
y l phn a ra p dng ca framework Struts. C th y s xy dng mt website hng dn ngi mi bt u hc Struts.

5. Kt lun
Khi xy dng ng dng da trn framework Struts ta ch vic xy dng cc thnh phn ca n. Sau ghp ni vi nhau nh strutsconfig.xml v web.xml. Struts l mt framework mang y tnh cht ca mt framework.

3.2 Thnh phn View

L thnh phn th hai ca framework Struts. Phn ny s gip chng ta hiu v cc thnh phn cu trc nn View v cng c nhng ch dn ta xy dng nn thnh phn View ca Struts.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Mastering Jakarta Struts (Wiley) [2] The Struts Framework (Morgan Kaufmann 2003)
[3] StrutsInAction (Ted Husted, Gedric Dumoulin, George Franciscus, David Winterfeldt) [4] Programming Jakarta Struts (Chuck Cavaness) [5] http://struts. apache. org/ [6] http://www.reumann.net/ [7] http://javaboutique.internet.com/ [8]http://www.cs.wustl.edu/

3.3 Thnh phn Model

y l thnh phn s l logic nghip v ca ng dng. i vi Struts Framework th tu tng bi ton c th m ta s c m hnh nghip v ph hp vi n. Tc l khng c mt m hnh chung p dng cho tt c cc bi ton.

3.4 Chun ho mt ng dng Struts

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NGHIN CU V NG DNG PHN ON NH TRONG NHN DNG CH VIT TAY TING VIT Ng Tr Hoi MSV: 0122195 Email: trihoai@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Nguyn Vit H

1. Gii thiu
Trong thi gian gn y, Vit Nam, nhn dng ch ting Vit, c bit l ch vit tay l nhng bi ton c nghin cu rt nhiu p dng vo cc d n tin hc ho. M hnh bi ton tng th m chng em ang nghin cu Nhn dng vn bn vit tay ting Vit nt lin c tin hnh theo trnh t chnh nh sau: tin nhn dng (tin x l, tch dng, tch t), nhn dng t s dng b nhn dng k t (trch chn c trng nh ca k t v nhn dng k t bng mng neuron) vi b thng k ng cnh v cui cng l hu x l (ghp cc k t nhn dng c thnh cc t, on vn tng ng v ghi ra file output). Kho lun ny trnh by nhng nghin cu, gii php v kt qu m em t c khi ci t cc cng vic ca giai on tin nhn dng nhm x l, phn tch trang vn bn thnh cc thnh phn nh hn thch hp cho mng neural, v b nhn dng t, nhng cng vic quan trng ca h thng Nhn dng vn bn vit tay ting Vit nt lin. Cng on tin nhn dng c th c chia thnh mt s bc nh bao gm : Tin x l nh, Tch dng - t.

xc nh gc nghing, ngi ta thng dng 3 phng php : S dng bin i Hough (Line fitting), phng php lng ging gn nht (nearest neighbours) v s dng tia quay (project profile) [3]. Hai phng php s dng bin i Hough v lng ging gn nht cho kt qu c chnh xc cao nhng li tiu tn nhiu thi gian tnh ton ca h thng. Phng php s dng tia quay cho kt qu c chnh xc tng i tt, ng thi c tc thc hin cao, thch hp vi bi ton nhn dng ch vit tay. Em la chn phng php ny thc hin ci t.

3. Tch dng, t
Sau qu trnh tin x l, chng ta nhn c mt trang vn bn c khi phc v tng cng cht lng. Trang vn bn chng ta nhn c thng c rt nhiu vng min khc nhau, cn phi thc hin vic phn tch thnh cc vng, min khc nhau. Mi vng min c th l vng bng, vng nh, vng ch Qu trnh phn tch trang vn bn thng c tin hnh theo phng php l phn tch top-down v bottom-up. i vi phn tch topdown, mt trang vn bn c chia on t thnh phn ln thnh cc thh phn nh hn. i vi phn tch bottom-up, ngi ta thc hin phn tch cu trc t cc thnh phn nh nht, sau kt hp thnh cc thnh phn ln hn cho n khi c c trang vn bn. Trn thc t, ngi ta cn p dng kt hp c hai phng php ny vi nhau. Tuy nhin, phn vng nh l mt bi ton thc s rt kh. Trong phm vi kho lun ny em ch gii hn vic x l i vi cc trang ch gm ch vit tay trn giy c ng k ngang thng thng, khng c bng v nh v c gc nghing nh (~100). Qu trnh ny bao gm vic phn tch trang vn bn thnh cc dng, sau tch cc dng thnh cc t ring bit. thc hin vic phn tch vn bn thnh cc dng, u tin em thc hin xc nh cc

2. Tin x l nh
Giai on tin x l vn bn l giai on quan trng, qu trnh ny nh hng trc tip n chnh xc ca qu trnh nhn dng, tuy nhin n cng lm tng thi gian chung ca c h thng. V vy, ty theo cht lng nh thu nhn c ca tng trng hp c th, m chng ta chn s dng mt hoc mt s th tc tin x l. Thm ch, trong trng hp vn bn u vo c cht lng tt v cn u tin tc x l, chng ta c th b qua giai on tin x l ny. Tuy nhin, thng th chng ta vn phi thc hin mt s th tc quan trng nht. Cc th tc ny bao gm : Nh phn ha, lc nhiu, cn chnh lch trang, lm trn nh, [2] Th tc quan trng nht trong phm vi kho lun l th tc xc nh nghing ca nh v xoay nh theo gc nghing xc nh.

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ng k ngang trn vn bn. Sau , phn tch cc dng vn bn theo cc ng k ngang ny. Cc dng vn bn thng xen nhau do c vit kh gn nhau v th tch c cc dng vn bn, em s dng mt ng thng ct ngang gia hai ng k ngang. i vi nhng phn b ct, thc hin xt din tch min lin thng quyt nh n thuc dng trn hoc di. Sau , thc hin bc tch dng k ngang ra khi cc dng vn bn da vo s khc mu gia mu ch v mu ng k. Trn mt dng vn bn, khong cch gia cc t thng ln hn gia cc k t trong mt t rt nhu ln. Thm ch gia cc k t trong cng mt t khng c khong cch do thng dnh nhau. V th, thc hin vic phn tch dng vn bn thnh cc t, em s dng phng php biu tn sut theo b ngang ca dng vn bn.

5. Thc nghim
1) Xy dng c s d liu Chng em tin hnh xy dng c s mu ch vit tay ting Vit gm 30000 mu cho b nhn dng t da trn quy nh v mu ch ting Vit chun dng trong vic dy hc sinh cp I. Chng em cng tin hnh thu thp cc vn bn ch vit tay ting Vit trn giy k ngang vi ch theo tiu chun nh nu trn. 2) Thc nghim Tin hnh thc nghim vi 60 trang ch vit tay ting vit cho thy b tin x l v b tch dng, tch t hot ng ng hon ton vi 58/60 trang, c 2/60 trang b tch t tch sai do trong trang c t vit dnh nhau khin cho b tch t khng tch c. Thc nhim b nhn dng t vi 400 t khc nhau cho kt qu 386 t (chim 96.5%) xc nh c y cc v tr ct ng, trong 380/386 t nhn dng ng, 6/386 t nhn dng sai do li ca mng neural v do t cn nhn dng khng c trong b thng k ng cnh.

4. Nhn dng t
Theo cch tip cn thng thng, sau khi c c cc t ring bit, mi t s c tch thnh cc k t khc nhau ri chuyn cho b nhn dng k t thc hin nhn dng. Tuy nhin, cch tip cn ch ph hp vi ch in ch khng ph hp vi ch vit tay do cc k t trong mt t ca ch vit tay thng b dnh lin vi nhau. Vic tm ra mt cch tch chnh xc hon ton l kh c th thc hin c. i vi vn ny, em s dng phng php nhn dng nh sau : trc ht, tm tt c cc v tr ct c kh nng trn t; sau , thc hin nhn dng tt c cc t c th sinh ra t cc lt ct ny. Cui cng l chn ra t c kh nng nht [1]. tm ta cc v tr ct c kh nng trn t, em thc hin kt hp gia phng php biu tn sut kt hp vi tm kim cc v tr c ng cong c trng, iu ny m bo rng cc v tr ct ng khng b b st. Nhm h tr cho b nhn dng t trong vic chon ra t c kh nng nht ng thi tng tc nhn dng t, em thit k mt b thng k ng cnh cc t ting Vit. Nhim v ca n l xc nh tnh hp l ca mt k t trong mt xu k t. ng thi cho bit tn sut xut hin ca mt t c ngha trong ting Vit. Gi tr tn sut ny cng vi gi tr tin tng do mng neural tr v cho mi t l tiu ch nh gi xem t no l t c kh nng nht. chnh l t c nhn dng.

6. Kt lun
Nh vy, qua kho lun ny em nghin cu, ci t c mt s phng php trong vic tin nhn dng (tin x l nh, tch dng, tch t) ng thi ci t c b nhn dng t vi kt qu tng i kh quan. Vn cn tip tc nghin cu : thc hin cc bc phn vng vi trang vn bn gm nhiu thnh phn hon chnh; m rng hn ch i vi mu ting Vit c th phn tch c; ci thin thut ton xc nh cc v tr ct c kh nng.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Nguyn Th Thanh Tn, Nhn dng ch vit tay hn ch da trn m hnh mng neural kt hp vi thng k ng cnh, Lun vn thc s 2004. [2] William K.Pratt, Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons 2001. [3] A. Marcolino, V. Ramos, M Ramalho, J.Caldas Pinto, Line and Word Matching in Old Documents.

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NNG CAO HIU QU MNG NEURAL BNG THUT TON DI TRUYN TRONG H THNG CHUN ON BNH UNG TH
Sinh vin: V Quc Huy MSV: 0122266 Email: vuquochuy@yahoo.com Gii thiu Th gii pht trin v cng i mt vi nhiu nhng him ha v bnh tt. Mong mun ca mi ngi trn th gii l c th on bit c bnh ca mnh sm nht c th c. Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin v cng ngh sinh hc, chng ta ang c trong tay mt kho d liu v cc loi bnh, v cc c im lin quan ti bnh . Vy chng ta c th on bit c bnh ca mnh da vo tnh trng sc khe hin ti khng? Trong bi ny ti s a ra phng php chun on bnh ung th da vo kho d liu h s bnh nhn t trc ti nay. Phng php chun on ny c thc hin nh s kt hp ca hai thut ton: mng neural v di truyn. Chng ta cng s so snh kt qu vi mt s phng php khc thy c u im v nhc im ca phng php. Trong bi ny chng ta s c tm hiu cc thut ton c p dng rng ri trong lnh vc khai ph d liu (data mining). y cng c th l tin cho cc chng trnh chun on cc loi bnh khc. 1. C s l thuyt 1.1. Thut ton K-Mean Ni n gin K-mean l mt thut ton phn loi hay nhm cc i tng da vo thuc tnh hay c im vo K nhm khc nhau. K l mt s nguyn dng. V d: gi s ta c 4 i tng, mi i tng c 2 thuc tnh i tng TT1(X): weight index 1 TT2(Y): pH Ngi hng dn: ThS.Trn Th Minh Chu Nguyn H Nam (Korea) Medicine B Medicine C Medicine D 2 4 5 1 3 4

Trc khi thc hin phn chia cc i tng thnh 2 nhm, ta phi gii quyt vic xc nh i tng no s thuc v nhm 1, i tng no thuc v nhm 2. T tng ca thut ton K-mean c th tm tt nh sau: Coi mi nhm c mt gi tr trng tm. Sau vi mi mt phn t mi ta s tnh tng bnh phng khong cch gia phn t vi gi tr trng tm ca mi nhm, phn t s thuc v nhm no nu gi tr tnh c l nh nht. y khong cch gia hai phn t c tnh theo cng thc Euclidean
d ij =

(x
n k =1

ik

x jk )

Trong xi, xj l cc c im ca 2 phn t i, j. 1.2. Thut ton di truyn Thut ton di truyn, cng nh cc thut ton tin ha ni chung, hnh thnh da trn quan nim cho rng, qu trnh tin ha t nhin l hon ho nht, hp l nht v t n mang tnh ti u. Quan nim ny c th c xem nh l mt tin ng, khng chng minh c, nhng ph hp vi thc t khch quan. Qu trnh tin ha th hin tnh ti u ch, th h sau bao gi cng tt hn, pht trin hn, hon thin hn th h trc. Tin ha t nhin c duy tr nh hai qu trnh c bn: sinh sn v chn lc t nhin. Xuyn sut qu trnh tin ha t nhin, cc th h mi lun

Medicine A

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c sinh ra b sung v thay th th h c. C th no pht trin hn, thch ng hn vi mi trng s tn ti, c th no khng thch ng vi mi trng s b o thi. S thay i mi trng l ng lc thc y qu trnh tin ha. Ngc li, tin ha cng tc ng tr li gp phn lm thay i mi trng. Thut ton chung ca thut gii di truyn
Bt u t=0; Khi to P(t); Tnh thch nghi cho cc c th thuc P(t); Khi (iu kin dng cha tho) lp t = t+1; Ti sinh P(t) t P(t); Lai Q(t) t P(t-1); t bin R(t) t P(t-1); Chn lc P(t) t P(t-1) Q(t) R(t) P(t); Ht lp Kt thc.

by gi c mt bnh nhn mi chng ta phi chun on xem bnh nhn liu c mc bnh hay khng? Cng vic ny c th n thun p dng mt trong hai thut ton K-mean hoc l mng neural. C hai thut ton ny s c tp luyn vi cc d liu c sn c th p ng, a ra chun on vi d liu vo mi. Cng vic tp luyn y chnh l qu trnh hc ca h thng. Thut ton K-mean i din cho phng php hc khng gim st. Mng neural i din cho phng php hc gim st. Tuy nhin trong thc t p dng th hai phng php ny khng hiu qu, do vy trong bi ny ti a ra mt phng php mi kt hp sc mnh ca hai thut ton mng neural v thut ton di truyn nng cao hiu qu trong qu trnh chun on. C nhiu cch p dng thut ton di truyn vo mng neural, nhng trong bi ti chn theo hng s dng thut ton di truyn xc nh s neural trong lp n ca mng neural. Vi cch ny chng ta s thy kt qu c ci thin rt ng k. 3. Kt lun Trong bi ny ti ch a ra cch p dng thut ton di truyn vo mng neural bng cch xc nh s neural trong lp n ca mng. Tuy nhin chng ta c th p dng thut ton di truyn xc nh trng s cho mng, hay xc nh cu trc ca mng, hoc xc nh t l hc ca mng. Mi cch p dng u c nhng im yu im mnh ring. Bn cnh qu trnh chun on bnh hiu qu th d liu cho h thng hc cng kh quan trng, do vy cng cn c s kt hp cht ch gia cng ngh thng tin v sinh hc. Ti liu tham kho [1] Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, David G. Stock, Pattern Classification, Wiley [2] Mitchell Melanie, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, MIT Press [3] Jame A. Freeman, David M. Skapura, Neural Networks Algorithms Applications Programming, Addison Wesley.

1.3. Mng neural (Neural Network) Mng neural l tn gi ca mt mng ni cc phn t li vi nhau. Cc phn t ny gi l cc neural do chng c sng to bt ngun t vic nghin cu h thng thn kinh sinh vt. Ni cch khc, mng neural l mt s c gng nhm to ra cc my mc hot ng ging vi cch hot ng ca b no con ngi bng cch s dng cc phn t hot ng ging nh cc dy thn kinh sinh vt. Trong mng neural, Perceptron l loi mng c bit n nhiu nht v d hiu nht, nhng n ch gii quyt c lp cc bi ton n gin, lp cc bi ton phn tch tuyn tnh. gii quyt cc bi ton phc tp hn th chng ta s dng Perceptron a tng, thng thng dng n ba tng: tng vo, tng n, tng ra. 2. xut phng n Bi ton ca chng ti l t mt c s d liu cc bnh nhn c khm nghim t trc ti nay,

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XY DNG THI KHO BIU BNG CCH KT HP PHNG PHP HEURISTICS V TNG TC NGI MY
Nguyn Vit Hng Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vn V MSV: 0122197 Email: viet_hung234@yahoo.com Nguyn Vn Tun MSV:0122216 Email:mailto:blazeofglory_vn@yahoo.com c th gii quyt c nhng rng buc rt kh c th gii quyt c bng 1. Gii thiu thut ton thng thng. Lp thi kho biu l bi ton c ng dng thc t cao v c nhiu ngi quan tm trong vn tr hc. Tuy vy, n thuc loi bi ton NP-kh vi nhiu loi rng buc phc tp, nn kh gii bng cc thut ton truyn thng. n nay, cc thut ton m phng t nhin t ra l phng php hu hiu hn c nhng vn b hn ch v thi gian chy chng trnh kh lu v khng linh hot khi ta thay i cc rng buc. gii quyt bi ton, chng ti xut mt cch gii quyt bi ton ny bng cch kt hp phng php Heuristics v tng tc ngi my. Theo cch tip cn ny, thi kho biu s c xy dng theo cch nh gi kinh nghim v tm gii php qua th nghim v rt ta khuyt im kt hp vi phng php gp th. 2. C s l thuyt Phng php Heuristics l phng php gii quyt vn bng cch nh gi kinh nghim v tm gii php qua th nghim v rt ta khuyt im. Phng php ny c mt u im l thi gian chy rt nhanh.Tuy nhin n c mt nhc im l khng khm ph c ht khng gian trng thi. Phng php gp th l phng php c users thc hin bng trc quan gii quyt cc t hp rng buc m kh gii c bng thut ton. y l mt phng php tuy n gin nhng 3. Gii thiu bi ton lp thi kho biu v cc cch tip cn hin nay 3.1. Cc bi ton lp thi kho biu: Bi ton lp thi kho biu c chia lm 3 dng chung c m t khc nhau: Bi ton lp thi kho biu cho trng ph thng, bi ton lp thi kho biu cho trng i hc, bi ton xp lch thi. Trong lun vn ny ch xt bi ton lp thi kho biu cho trng i hc Vit Nam m c th l trng i hc Cng Ngh - i hc Quc Gia H Ni. 3.2. Cc cch tip cn hin nay C rt nhiu thut ton c xut gii gn ng cc bi ton NPkh. Cc thut ton ny tm c li gii gn ti u v l mt trong nhng xu th pht trin hin nay i vi cc bi ton cha th tm ra li gii ti u thc s trong cc thut ton m phng theo t nhin nh thut ton luyn kim, thut ton di truyn, thut ton h kin Trong thut ton di truyn v thut ton h kin t ra l phng php kh hiu qu. 4.Phng bi ton 4.1. tng php heuristics trong

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T thc t cho thy, mi ging vin trong mt k ch dy mt hoc vi lp, mi lp ch ging dy mt mn, cho nn tp nghim cho bi ton l rt ln. Cho nn s dng phng php heuristics kt hp vi gp th s tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian v s cho kt qu chp nhn uc. Nhng s dng phng php heuristics nh th no cho t hiu qu cao l vn chnh cu bi ton ny. a. Vic u tin xp theo th t ca ging vin, ging vin no phi dy nhiu ca nht th s c u tin xp trc. Vic u tin ny s lm cho vic sp xp cc ca hc sau s d dng hn v chng c th tro i c nhiu v tr hn. b.Vi mi ging vin, s c gng sp xp sao cho cc ca ging dy ca ging vin lin nhau trong mt ngy, v l nhiu nht gim tng s ngy phi dy ca ging vin, v gim khong thi gian trng gia 2 ca ca ging vin . c. sau khi xy dng c thi kho biu, s s dng thut ton duyt (cng nhiu bc cng tt) ti u thm cc rng buc: s ngy phi dy ca mt ging vin cng t cng tt, tng s tit trng gia 2 ca trong mt ngy l nh nht . d. Trong mi bc, c th kt hp vi k thut gp th c c kt qu tt hn. Vic s dng nhng tng trn trng th rt n gin, nhng khi kt hp vi cc tng nh khc c th gip cho bi ton t c kt qu rt tt. 4.2. Th nghim v kt qu Chng ti ci t v chy th nghim trn c s d liu ca 3 nm gn y trong trng i Hc Cng Ngh. Kt qu t c l kh kh quan.

Trong tng s lp ca trng Cng Ngh, s ging vin, v cc mn hc. Thi gian chy ca chng trnh l < 1 giy, kt qu t c bc du l kh kh quan: tng s tit phi i trong mt k ca tt c cc ging vin ~ 4. 4.3. nh gi chung Chng trnh chy kh tt vi bi ton lp thi kho biu cho trng H Cng Ngh. Chng trnh c th chy tt trong bi ton m c tp nghim ln. Rng buc cng t th kt qu s cng kh quan. Khi rng buc nhiu, kt qu s khng c tt nh mt s cc phng php khc. Bi ton ny ph thuc nhiu vo cc rng buc hn l ph thuc vo kch c ca d liu. 5.Kt lun Trong kho lun ny chng ti s dng phng php Heuristics gii quyt bi ton lp thi kho biu vi b d liu ca trng i hc cng ngh. Kt qu t c l kh kh quan vi cc rng buc chnh v thi gian chy ph thuc ch yu vo s cc rng buc v mc ch ti u ca kt qu. Cc hng nghin cu tip theo ca chng trnh l lm sao cho chng trnh c th sp xp c thi kho biu tho mn c nhiu rng buc hn, trong nhm tho mn c cc nhu cu ca ging vin (cc nhu cu chung v ring). Ti liu tham kho [1] c ng, Thut ton m phng t nhin trong bi ton thi kho biu cho trng i hc, Kho lun tt nghip i hc h chnh quy, ngnh Cng ngh thng tin, 2004.

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NGHIN CU TCH HP DCH V NHN TIN NGN VO CC CNG THNG TIN IN T

Phan Trn Hng MSV: 0121937 Email: redhungpt@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: ThS. o Kin Quc Ks. ng Vit Dng

1. Gii thiu
Portal - th h k tip ca cng ngh web, mt cng ngh ha hn gii quyt c cc vn a dng v phc tp, hin ang c u t pht trin mnh Vit Nam. Dch v tin ngn, mt knh thng tin ph bin da trn cc thit b di ng, ang rt pht trin v nhng li ch ca n. Nu ta tch hp c dch v nhn tin ngn vo cc Portal th sc mnh truyn thng ca cc Portal s c tng cng. Kho lun ny nghin cu v a ra gii php tch hp dch v nhn tin ngn vo cc Portal da trn h thng gi nhn tin nhn ca phng th nghim CNPM Selab v cng ngh .NET XML Webservices ca Microsoft.

3. Cng ngh XML Webservices

Cc cng ngh i tng phn tn truyn thng nh DCOM, CORBA, RMI u c nhng im yu gy kh khn rt ln trong vic tch hp cc ng dng phn tn trn mng Internet nh: khng vt qua c cc Tng la, kh nng kt hp hot ng gia cc m hnh khc nhau rt kh khn, v s dng nh dng d liu khng thng nht. Cng vi s ra i v ph bin ca cc chun Web, cng ngh XML Webservices ra i da trn cng ngh SOAP, XML, HTTP gii quyt c cc vn tn ti trong cc m hnh truyn thng. Hn th na, vi kin trc hng dch v, cng ngh XML Webservices cn m ra mt phng php mi trong vic s dng li cc thnh phn v tch hp cc thnh phn phn mm phn tn.[6, 1, 2, 4]

2. Tng quan v Portal v dch v tin ngn SMS

Nhng yu im v bt cp ca cc ng dng web truyn thng dn ti s ra i ca cng ngh Portal. Cng ngh ny nhanh chng c p dng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau nh chnh ph in t, o to trc tuyn, thng mi in t... Ti Vit Nam, cng ngh ny ang c u t mnh m v ang rt pht trin. Portal c nhiu chc nng khc nhau, trong kh nng tch hp v lin kt nhiu loi thng tin ca Portal l rt quan trng v hin nay, vi s pht trin ca cng ngh, c nhiu knh thng tin c th c tch hp vo Portal. Mt trong s l knh TT di ng vi dch v tin nhn ngn SMS. [3, 5] Dch v tin nhn c xy dng trn c s phn mm SMSC v giao thc SMPP. Dch v tin nhn SMS pht trin rt mnh ti Vit Nam nh nhng li ch ca n nh d s dng, r, nhanh chng, mi ni, mi lc... C rt nhiu dch v nhn tin ngn ra i nh tra cu, bnh chn, xem thng tin... [7, 8, 9, 10] Mt nhu cu tt yu l phi tch hp knh thng tin di ng vo cc Portal lm tng cng sc mnh ca cc Portal. thc hin iu ny cn c mt gii php thch hp v s dng cng ngh i tng phn tn ph hp.

4. Gii php tch hp dch v tin nhn vo cc cng in t

gii quyt vn tch hp dch v tin ngn vi cc Portal , nhim v u tin t ra l phi c mt c cu gi nhn tin nhn. H thng SelabSMS server l mt gii php ca Phng th nghim CNPM Selab p ng nhu cu kt ni vi cc dch v vin thng v tho mn yu cu gi nhn tin nhn cho cc ng dng tc nghip. Gii php ra l da trn h thng SelabSMS vit mt phn mm midderware a tin nhn dch v cn x l ti cc ng dng tc nghip khc nhau cc Portal khc nhau nm phn tn trn mng Internet. Phn mm midderware ny gm c 3 service: mt BGservice qut nn nhn tin nhn t h thng SelabSMS phn tch v gi ti ng dng tc nghip ti Portal ph hp, mt service nm Portal nhn tin nhn t BGservice x l theo yu cu tc nghip v tr v kt qu cho service th 3 chuyn ti h thng SelabSMS gi ti in thoi di ng ca ngi nhn. Cc service ny giao tip vi nhau s dng cng ngh XML

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Webservices. Gii php ra c kh nng m rng c th cu hnh n gin, d dng lin kt vi cc ng dng tc nghip khc, v vit thm dch v tc nghip da trn dch v tin ngn.

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. Nguyn Phng Lan (ch bin) ASP 3.0 & ASP.NET - NXB Lao ng - X Hi [2]. Nguyn Phng Lan (ch bin) Nhp mn XML - NXB Lao ng - X Hi [3]. PC World B s thng 1/2004 [4]. MSDN 2002 October [5]. Christian Wege Portal Server Technology" IEEE Internet Computing Magazine (June 2002)

5.Thc nghim
Vic ci t v th nghim gii php c tin hnh ti Phng th nghim CNPM Selab. Da trn gii php ra, chng ti ci t thnh cng dch v tin nhn tra cu im thi cho sinh vin.

6. Kt lun
Trong kho lun ny, chng ti xy dng gii php tch hp dch v nhn tin ngn vo cc cng thng tin in t da trn Cng ngh XML Webservices v h thng gi nhn tin nhn SelabSMS. Thc nghim xy dng dch v tin nhn tra cu im thi chng t gii php ny kh thi, c th em vo p dng trong thc t. Cc vn cn tip tc nghin cu: hon thin gii php, m rng tch hp dch v MMS vo cc Portal, m rng gii php vi cc phn mm SMSC khc.

[6]. http://msdn.microsoft.com/webservices/
[7]. http://www.smsvinaphone.com.vn [8]. http://www.mobifone.com.vn [9]. http://www.gsmworld.com/technology/sms [10]. Website, http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/wire_sms

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K THUT TR NH V NG DNG
Th Th Hng MSV: 0121948 Email: huongttk46@gmail.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Nng Ton

1. Gii thiu
Trong nhng nm gn y, d liu video s tng ln ng k cng vi vic s dng rng ri cc ng dng a phng tin trong gio dc, gii tr, kinh doanh, y t x l mt lng d liu ln ny mt cch hiu qu, ngi ta a ra nhiu k thut phn on video, ch s ha, tm tt video lm gim dung lng video, phn mc, ch s ha v ly d liu video s lu tr. Bo co a ra mt hng tip cn da trn k thut tr nh nhm ng dng cho vic phn on v mt s k thut trch chn i din cnh phim nhm gim thiu dung lng video.

Phng php n gin nht tr hai khung hnh l tnh gi tr biu din s chnh lch tng cng v cng ca tt c cc im nh tng ng trn hai khung hnh:

D( f 1, f 2) =

1 X *Y

| f 1( x, y) f 2( x, y) |
x =0 y =0

X 1 Y 1

Tr biu (Histogram)
C th s dng biu mu hoc biu mc xm. Histogram th hin s phn b gi tr im nh ca khung hnh nn c th c dng tnh ton s sai khc gia hai khung hnh. Cch n gin nht l tnh tng s sai khc ca cc ct histogram:

2. K thut tr nh v pht hin cnh phim

Video gm mt dy cc khung hnh (f1, f2, f3, , fN), mi khung hnh l mt nh, v c tc 25 hoc 30 hnh/s. Do cu trc nh vy, dung lng ca video rt ln, cc khung hnh lin k li rt ging nhau. Nu x l vi tt c cc khung hnh th tht khng hiu qu. gii quyt vn ny, video c phn on, ngha l chia thnh cc on (thng l cnh phim), mi on, chn ra mt hoc mt s khung hnh quan trng lm i din lu tr. Thao tc c bn u tin y l pht hin cnh phim bng vic p dng k thut tr nh.

D( f 1, f 2) = | H 1(k ) H 2(k ) |
k =0

Trong : , Hn l histogram mc xm ca nh n; k l mt trong cc mc xm c th G. C th s dng thm trng s cho mt s mc xm quan trng hn vi mc tiu so snh. Khi :

D( f 1, f 2) = ak | H1(k ) H 2(k ) |
k =0

K thut tr nh
Xt hai nh I1 v I2 c cng kch thc v mc sng. Tr hai nh I1 v I2 l vic tnh ton s sai khc gia hai nh . S sai khc ny c th c tnh trn gi tr im nh, histogram hoc l sai khc thng k. Trong cc k thut tr nh, chng ta gi s cc khung hnh c kch thc X*Y.

Vi ak l trng s ca mc xm k.

Sai khc thng k

Phng php sai khc thng k da vo phng php tr gi tr im nh, nhng thay v tnh tng s sai khc ca tt c cc im nh, ta lm thng k. Ta s dng mt gi tr d l ngng sai khc c tnh gia hai im nh tng ng.

Tr gi tr im nh
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Gi S l tp cc im nh c sai khc ln hn d: S = {(x,y) \ |f1(x,y) f2(x,y)| > d} sai khc gia hai khung hnh c tnh bng t l cc im nh c chnh lch ln hn d.

tr mc xm trung bnh ca cc im nh tng ng trn cc khung hnh ca cnh phim.

4. Thc nghim
Ci t thc nghim vi k thut tr gi tr im nh v k thut lc trung bnh v lc trung v cho thy kt qu kh tt v rt kh quan. Dung lng c th gim 20 30 %.

D( f 1, f 2) =

S .count X *Y

5. Kt lun
Trong kha lun ny, em nu cc k thut tr nh. gii quyt vn v khng gian lu tr v tc x l video, kha lun a ra mt hng tip cn da trn k thut tr nh nhm xc nh ranh gii gia cc cnh phim v k thut lc a nh, chn ra nh c trng ca cnh nhm gim thiu khng gian lu tr i vi video.

Pht hin cnh phim

Ln lt xt tng khung hnh video. p dng k thut tr nh tnh s sai khc D ca khung hnh vi khung hnh u tin ca cnh. So snh nu gi tr sai khc ny ln hn ngng chuyn cnh th c chuyn cnh, ngc li th cha c chuyn cnh v ta li xt khung hnh tip theo. T vic pht hin cnh phim, video c chia thnh cc on l cc cnh.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Jyrki Korpi - Anttila (2002), Automatic color enhencement and scene change detection digital video, Dept of Automation and Technology, Laboratory of Media Technology, Helsilki University of Technology [2] Abhishek Tiwari, Nitin Jain (2002), Video segmentation and Video content analysis, Indidian Institute of Technology Kanpur.

3. Trch chn i din cho mt cnh phim

Sau khi phn on, mi cnh s c trch chn i din lu tr. Khung hnh c chn gi l khung kha. S khung kha c th l mt hoc nhiu, ty thuc vo phc tp ca cnh phim. C cc k thut trch chn sau: Chn khung kha da vo v tr: u tin, cui cng, gia, Chn khung kha chn theo c trng trc quan, chng hn mc xm: Sp xp cc khung hnh trong cnh theo th t tng dn (hoc gim dn) theo mc xm. Lc cc tiu l k thut chn khung hnh c gi tr nh nht trong dy. Lc cc i l k thut chn khung hnh c gi tr ln nht trong dy. Lc trung v l k thut chn khung hnh gia ca dy. Lc trung bnh l k thut a ra nh m cc im nh c mc xm bng gi

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MT S PHNG PHP TRONG SP XP CHUI SINH HC

Sinh vin: V Hng Khim MSV: 0121955 Email: vuhongkhiem@gmail.com Ngi hng dn: ThS. Trn Th Minh Chu NCS. L S Vinh sinh hc thc cht l tm mt gi thuyt ph hp nht v mi quan h tin ho ca hai hay nhiu chui sinh hc tng ng. Do bn cht s t nhin ca cc chui sinh hc cng nh kch thc cc chui c th ln ti hng triu n v, chnh v vy vic thc hin sp xp bng cc phng php thng thng l hon ton khng th, chng ta cn phi p dng nhng thut ton cng nh k thut trong Tin hc c th gim c lng tnh ton cn thit. C th trong kho lun ca ti s dng cc phng php qui hoch ng kt hp vi phng php chia tr nhm phc ch a ra nhng phng n ti u nht c th.

1. Gii thiu
Th k 21 s l th k ca Tin hc v Sinh hc. Hai ngnh khoa hc ang ngy cng khng nh vai tr khoa hc mi nhn ca mnh trong s pht trin chung ca nhn loi.Trn thc t, s ra i ca Tin sinh hc, mt ngnh mi kt hp gia Tin Hc v Sinh hc, nh l mt qui lut tt yu ca s pht trin. Tin Sinh Hc c s hng ng tham gia ca ng o nhng nh nghin cu trn ton th gii. Bn thn ti, mt ngi lnh mi, kin thc v kinh nghim cha nhiu, cng mong mun s c ng gp mt phn nh b no trong cng cuc khai ph min t mi m ny. Mt trong nhng bi ton in hnh trong Tin Sinh Hc l bi ton sp xp cc chui sinh hc thng hng. Sp xp chui sinh hc khng nhng cho chng ta thy c mi quan h tin ho gia cc loi sinh vt m cn c p dng trong mt s bi ton khc nh chun on cu trc bc hai ca protein

3. Sp xp 2 hay nhiu chui sinh hc 3.1. Sp xp 2 chui

Sp xp 2 chui l bi ton ht nhn, quan trng nht trong sp xp chui sinh hc. c t bi ton c dng nh sau: Mt sp xp thc hin trn 2 chui l vic b tr thm cc khong trng (biu din bi du -) vo cc v tr nht nh no trn mi chui sao cho tho mn 2 iu kin: Th t cc phn t trn 2 chui khng thay i. 2 chui ch th hin c mc tng ng ln nht. Mc tng ng c phn nh thng qua s lng cc cp ging nhau cng 1 v tr nht nh trn 2 chui. Nu sp xp a ra c nhiu cp ging nhau nht th sp xp l ti u m ta chng ta phi s dng thut ton tm ra n. Do cc c th v tiu chun ca sp xp phi tha mn, ngi ta cng phn sp xp chui thnh 2 loi khc nhau. c th gii quyt bi ton sp xp chui sinh hc, trc ht ti p dng phng php m hnh ha a vn v vic tm ng i trong trong th nh hng. Sau s p dng phng php qui hoch ng gii quyt bi ton tm ng i ni trn. Ni dung thut ton c th c m t theo cc bc sau:

2. Khi nim/kin thc c bn

Mt tr ngi u tin i vi ngi lm Tin Sinh Hc l phi hiu r v cc khi nim c coi l ct t trong sinh hc phn t, mt nhnh ca Sinh hc nghin cu vt cht trong th gii vi m. Vic tm hiu cc khi nim ny phc v cho nghin cu Tin Sinh Hc ch yu tp chung vo cu trc khng gian ca chng. Trong kho lun ca mnh, ti cng tp chung nu ra cc khi nim v DNA, RNA, v protein, y l nhng khi nim quan trng nht cn phi xc nh, phn ln cc vn trong Tin sinh hc ch tp chung quanh cc khi nim trn. Chui sinh hc thc cht l biu din tuyn tnh ca cc i phn t sinh hc DNA, RNA hay protein. Chng c biu din bng mt dy lin tip c th t cc ch ci i din. V d v cc chui sinh hc biu din 1 on trong chui axid amin ca protein RDILSVKNAGI. Bi ton sp xp chui

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Khi to ma trn tm ng i ti u. Da trn cc qui tc gn trng s/tr im khong trng ta s tnh ton cc im cn li trong ma trn cho ti khi lp y ma trn. Tm li ng i ngn nht bng k thut back-tracking. Vn quan trng nht i vi bi ton sp xp 2 chui l cch nh gi ca chng ta i vi cc tham s cho hm tr im cc khong trng ny, mt cng vic mang nhiu ngha sinh hc xong li nh hng n kt qu. Ngoi ra, vic s dng ma trn trng s cng c ngha rt quan trng n vic kt qu thc thi ca bi ton.

3.2. Bi ton sp xp nhiu chui

Sp xp nhiu chui l sp xp chui p dng cho nhiu chui sinh hc khc nhau, n c rt nhiu ng dng trong vic xy dng cy ph h gia nhiu loi sinh vt v trong vn chun on cu trc bc cao ca protein. V mt l thuyt ta hon ton c th p dng k thut lp trnh ng nh lm vi trng hp 2 chui. Tuy vy, phng php trn khng th p ng c yu cu v thi gian thc thi, ngay c khi s lng chui cn sp xp ch c 3 hay 4 chui. Chnh v vy, ngi ta phi p dng nhiu k thut khc nhau nhm ti u ha thi gian tnh ton. Trong phn ny, ti tm hiu cch tip cp ph h, c th l s dng phng php ClustalW, y l mt phng php c s dng rng ri v c th ni l cch tip cn hiu qu nht cho ti thi im ny. ClustalW v ang c ci tin hn na bi rt nhiu nhm nghin cu khc nhau. Ni dung c bn ca cch tip cn ph h l vic xy dng cy pht sinh loi, hay cn gi l cy ch dn. Cy ny m t mt cch trc quan mi quan h tin ha gia cc chui c sp xp. Sau khi c cy pht sinh loi, sp xp a chui c xy dng da trn vic nhm cc chui theo th t tng ng ln nht ti thi im . Nh vy, cc chui s c ln lt thm vo sp xp cho n khi kt thc qu trnh.

Qua thi gian nghin cu ca mnh, ti cng hc hi c rt nhiu iu l th t lnh vc khoa hc mi m ny, c bit l cch thc p dng cc thut ton Tin hc vo vic gii quyt mt vn thc t trong cc lnh vc khc. Ti nghin cu v ci t thnh cng thut ton sp xp loi 1 p dng cho 2 chui sinh hc khc nhau. Kt qu thu c c chnh xc cao v c th p dng cho nhiu bi ton nghin cu v sau. i vi bi ton sp xp nhiu chui, ti tham kho v lm thc nghim vi phn mm ClustalW do Vin nghin cu Tin Sinh Hc Chu u pht trin. Kt qu thc nghim trn nhng b d liu rt ln, vi lng tnh ton khng l chng minh tnh u vit cao ca phng php ny.

5. Kt lun
Trong thi gian lm kha lun ny, ti tp chung phn ln thi gian vo tm hiu cc vn lin quan n k thut ti u ha trong thut ton sp xp p dng cho hai chui. y cng l vn c vai tr rt quan trng bi n l mt thnh phn c s dng li nhiu ln trong bi ton sp xp vi nhiu chui. Trn thc t, c rt nhiu cch tip cn gii quyt khc nhau i vi sp xp nhiu chui. Vic tm ra mt cch gii quyt c lp v hiu qu l mt hng hon ton kh thi cao. y s l mt hng i m ti chn trong thi gian nghin cu tip theo. Tuy kt qu cha t nhng thnh cng ln, xong ti cng c dp tm hiu nhng kin thc v Sinh hc phn t, nhng th s cn thit cho ti c th thun li hn khi p dng cc kin thc trong Tin hc vo Sinh Hc.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Arthur M. Lesk, Introduction to Bioinformatics University of Cambridge [2] Julie D.Thompson and Desmond G.Higgins+ and Toby J.Gibson, CLUSTALW: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positionspecific gap penalties and weight matrix choice.

4. Kt lun v kt qu thu c

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S DNG M HNH MAXIMUM ENTROPY NHN DNG MU DA NH MU Nguyn Tun Ngha MSV: 0122006 Email: nghiak46cb@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: ThS.o Kin Quc

1. Tng quan Xy dng hai m hnh nhn dng mu da nh mu vi rng buc ly t tp c s d liu Compaq. Mi m hnh s dng entropy cc i, m hnh u tin l m hnh Baseline, xem cc pixel l c lp vi nhau. M hnh th hai l mt m hnh Markov n (HHM), n thm vo rng buc hai im ln cn nhau c quan h xut hin mu da v khng phi mu da. C hai m hnh nh gi xc sut mt gi tr mu l mu da p(ys|x), nu xc sut ny cao hn mt ngng th gi tr mu l mu da v ngc li. 2. Gii thiu 2.1. nh ngha D mu da l tm kim trn cc pixel mu da ca mt nh mu. Kt qu l mt nh nh phn cng kch c, trong mu trng l da, mu en l khng phi mu da hay cn gi l nn. 2.2. Phng thc M hnh entropy cc i l mt phng thc suy ra m hnh thng k t tp c s d liu. N thc hin nh sau: 1) Trch chn c trng 2) p t cc rng buc cho m hnh 3) Xy dng m hnh phn phi c iu kin p(y|x) 4) Thit lp tham s m hnh 5) S dng lc phn lp mu da v khng phi mu da. Nhim v 1,2) ch ra cc c trng v p t rng buc vi tp quan st t CSDL Compaq 3) khi entropy t cc i, chng ta c th tnh c phn phi p(y|x) 4) xy dng

tham s cho m hnh bng cc c trng a phng 5) bng cch chn mu theo thut ton ly Gibbs, s dng mu ny tnh p(ys|x). 3. M hnh entropy cc i 3.1. Mt s k hiu Gi tp cc gi tr mu l S, gi tr mu ti pixel s l xs, mu da (skinness) ca pixel s l ys vi ys = 1 nu s l pixel mu da v ys = 0 nu ys khng phi mu da. nh mu l c xem l mt vector ca cc pixel mu, c k hiu l x v nh nh phn tng ng c to nn bi cc mu da ys l y. Gi s bit c phn phi ng thi ca vector p(x,y), theo cng thc Bayes s tnh c phn phi hu nghim p(y|x). Mc tiu cui cng l tnh xc sut mt gi tr l mu da p(ys=1|xs) t phn phi hu nghim. Nhng chng ta khng bit c phn phi p(x,y) thay vo , c th s dng CSDL Compaq. N l tp mu: {(x(1),y(1)),(x(2),y(2)),,(x(n),y(n))} trong 1 i n=18.696, x(1) l mt nh mu, y(1) l nh nh phn tng ng, cc mu l c lp vi nhau v c xc sut phn phi p(x,y). Tp cc mu cng c xem nh tp d liu hc. Xc sut c thit lp bi cc thit lp kinh nghim v c k hiu bi q. Sau y, trnh by tm tt cch xy dng m hnh phn phi xc sut mu da vi ca mt nh mu p(y|x). 3.2. M hnh Baseline Xy dng m hnh tng ng rng buc mt pixel bi d liu Compaq:

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C0: s S, xs C, ys {0,1}, p(xs,ys) = q(xs,ys) Trong q(xs,ys) l t l pixel vi mu xs v skinness ys, trong tp d liu hc. Theo cng thc nhn Larange khi m hnh t entropy cc i, ta c: p(y|x) = sSq(ys|xs) (1) trong : q(ys|xs) = vi q(xs) =
1 q ( x s | y s ) q ( y s) q ( xs )
s

vi p(y)=

1 (exp(a0(1 ys)(1 - y) + a1ysy)) (3) t t Z (a0, a1) s~t

, Z(a0,a1) =

(exp (a0(1 ys)(1 - yt) + a1ysyt)) (4)

s~t

Hm Z(a0,a1) l hm phn hoch m bo rng buc tha mn.

3.4. Thit lp tham s i vi m hnh Baseline, c th d dng tnh phn phi p(y|x), tuy nhin vi HMM cn thit phi thit lp hai tham s a0 v a1 tha mn rng buc. Thit lp tham s c th dng cch tnh xp x, chng ta s thut ton Metropolis ly mu tha mn (3) m khng cn bit a0 v a1, sau , dng mu ny tnh hai tham s theo cng thc sau: p(Ys=1|y(s)) = (( a1 + a 0) ns (1) 4 a 0)

ys=0

q( x

| ys)q(ys)

Chng ta tnh biu thc trn bng hai lc q(xs|ys = 1) v q(xs|ys = 0) tng ng cho phn phi ca cc pixel mu da v khng phi mu da. 3.3. M hnh Markov n (HMM) M hnh Baseline khng c c nhiu cht ch, thc t cho thy cc vng da khng n thun phn phi ngu nhin m n c cu to nn bi cc vng da rng. V vy, tng cng kh nng nhn dng bng cch rng buc thm xc sut xut hin mu da cho tt c cp im ln cn nhau. Trong HMM, s dng h thng 4 ln cn (l li cc pixel m xung quanh mi pixel c 4 pixel ln cn), theo di mu da ca hai im ln cn s, t: (ys = a, yt = b), kh nng xy ra ng thi mu da hay khng phi mu da p(a,b) vi a = 0,1 v b = 0,1 tng ng l rng buc thuc tp hc. Gi s rng m hnh MaxEnt l ng hng theo hai hng ngang v dc, c ngha rng q(ys,yt) = q(ys',yt') theo cng mt hng. Rng buc HHM nh sau: D: s ~ t S x S, p(ys = 0, yt = 0) = q(0, 0) v p(ys = 1, yt = 1) = q(1, 1). M hnh MaxEnt trong khng gian C0 D theo phn phi Gibbs l: p(y|x) =

Trong hm ns(1) s cc gi tr yt = 1, t~s, r rng hm ny ch nhn 5 gi tr {0,1,2,3,4}. V tng ng vi mi gi tr ca ns(1), gi tr p(Ys=1|y(s)) c th thit lp c t nh mu, c ngha chng ta phi ch ra 5 biu thc tuyn tnh tnh a0 v a1. Kt qu a0=3,76 v a1=3,94. By gi cc tham s c, nhim v cui cng cho mt nh mu x tm nh y nh phn, vi mu trng l da, mu en khng phi l da.
3.5. Nhn dng mu da Vi mt nh u vo, nhn dng mu da yu cu phi tnh p(ys|x) l xc sut ti pixel s l mu da. Vi m hnh Baseline, ch cn thay ys=1, xs vo (1), c th tnh c xc sut gi tr mu xs l mu da. i vi HMM, tnh cng thc (2) khng phi l d dng v hm Z khng c nh, thay vo chng ta s dng thut ton ly mu Gibbs, ly dy tun t mu sau: y1, y2,, yn0,,yn vi phn phi bt bin p(y|x). Sau tnh trung bnh, p(ys|x) c tnh bng

p( y) q ( xs | ys ) p ( x ) sS

(2)

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n 1 ys( j ) n n0 j = n 0 +1

4. Thc nghim Xy dng hai m hnh Baseline v HMM kim th kh nng nhn dng mu da th thy, kh nng nhn dng ca HMM tt hn Baseline. 5. nh hng pht trin
HMM c kh nng nhn dng tt hn Baseline, tuy nhin do phi ly mu, tc ph thuc vo kch thc nh, c mu nn tc chm hn nhiu so vi Baseline. Nhim v sp ti: Ci thin tc tnh ton bng cch gim kch c nh m khng nh hng ti nhn dng hoc c th gim s chiu ca khng gian mu RGB. Ci thin kh nng nhn dng; y, chng ta ch mi p t rng buc cho kh nng xut hin mu da ca hai im ln cn, thc t vng da cn xut hin theo tng nhm mu p dng vo nhn dng nh khiu dm.

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XY DNG H THNG BO IN T TRN NN TNG PORTAL V CMS

Nguyn Bnh Nguyn MSV: 0122015 Email: nguyenbeo@gmail.com Ngi hng dn: TS. L Trng Bi

1. Gii thiu
Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca Internet to nn loi hnh hot ng bo ch mi gi l bo in t hay cn gi l eNews. Bo in t l loi hnh hot ng bo ch thng qua Internet chuyn ti thng tin, kin thc n cho bn c. Loi hnh bo in t ny c mt s im khc bit so vi cc loi hnh hot ng bo ch thng thng khc(Bo in, bo nh, bo hnh, ). c bit l kh nng nhanh nhy trong vic cung cp thng tin m cc loi hnh khc khng c c. Trong ti ny, ti s xy dng mt h thng bo in t.

2. Tng quan v Internet

Internet thng c gi l Net l mt mng li ca nhng mng my tnh. Tin thn ca mng Internet l mng ARPANET ca c quan qun l nghin cu pht trin thuc b quc phng M. Internet c cc dch v ph bin nh dch v WWW(World Wide Web), Email, Telnet, truyn file(FTP), Internet cn c rt nhiu giao thc(l cc quy tc cc my tnh c th hiu c nhau) nh: giao thc truyn siu vn bn(HTTP), giao thc TCP/IP, Internet c s dng mt s cng ngh sau: cng ngh web tnh(cc ti liu c xy dng sn, c nh trn my ch), cng ngh web ng, cng ngh cng thng tin in t(Portal), cng ngh qun tr ni dung CMS, Internet chnh l mi trng ht sc thun li cho s ra i v pht trin ca bo in t. S pht trin ca Internet lm cho bo in t cng s pht trin mnh m hn.

3. Tm hiu v Portal v CMS

Trc khi tm hiu v m hnh hot ng ca bo in t, ti s tm hiu v cc cng ngh m n s dng l Portal v CMS: Portal l mt ng dng web thng bao gm cc tnh nng: c nhn ha, ng nhp mt ln, tch hp thng tin t nhiu ngun khc nhau v a vo tng trnh din ca h thng thng tin.

Portal l bc tip theo ca cng ngh web. Sau y l mt s tnh nng cn c ca portal: Kh nng c nhn ha Tch hp v lin kt nhiu loi thng tin Xut bn thng tin H tr nhiu mi trng hin th Kh nng ng nhp mt ln Qun tr portal Qun tr ngi dng Cung cp mi trng cng tc H qun tr ni dung CMS l h thng xy dng da trn ni dung(vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, file, ) c thu thp, qun l, v xut bn da trn thng tin v ni dung. Thng tin v ni dung li c qun l m bo h thng c cu trc cht ch v hiu qu. Sau y l mt s chc nng cn c ca CMS: Tch bit phn ni dung v hin th C lung cng vic(workflow) mm do, linh hot. Cc lung h tr vic to, kim duyt, v xut bn ni dung. C cc cng c qun l ni dung, cng c bin tp ni dung, cng c qun l trang, v trang qun tr. C kh nng tch hp ng dng khc, v thm cc tnh nng ty chn. C ch tm kim hiu qu, nhanh chng, v chnh xc. C cng c theo di, thng k, bo co v s hot ng ca h thng. T nhng tnh nng ca Portal v CMS. Hai cng ngh ny c th xy dng c c lp. Tuy nhin, kt hp gia Portal v CMS s to nn mt h thng hon chnh. Khi , Portal s tr thnh tng trnh din ca CMS. Do , ta c th p dng s kt hp vo m hnh ca mt bo in t.

4. Tm hiu m hnh bo in t
Trc khi c s xut hin ca bo in t, c rt nhiu loi hnh hot ng bo ch khc nh bo in, bo hnh, bo ting. Tuy nhin, so

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vi cc hnh thc , bo in t c nhng im khc bit v mi m hn. Bo in t c nhng u im m cc loi hnh bo ch khc khng c: Tnh thi s nng hi Kh nng chuyn ti thng tin ton cu Kh nng tng tc nhiu chiu(kh nng tng tc hai chiu gia bn c v ta son) C th t chc nhng cuc giao lu trc tuyn Sc cha to ln ca t bo L t bo a nng v a phng tin D dng tm kim thng tin Mt t bo in t c t chc thnh cc chuyn mc(l mt mng no ), trong chuyn mc c th c cc chuyn mc con. Cc bi vit phi nm trong mt chuyn mc no . Trong cc chuyn mc li c cc chuyn (mt vn no thuc chuyn mc), cc s kin(l tin tc ni bt c nhiu ngi quan tm). Trong trang ch, cc bi vit nng hi nht, cc bi vit mi c hin th ln. Mi bi vit c th u cha tiu , li dn, nh minh ha(nu c), ni dung, tn tc gi, theo ngun. Bo in t c 2 m hnh hot ng. l: m hnh qun tr, v m hnh bin tp. M hnh qun tr dnh cho nhng nh qun tr trang web, h chu trch nhim to, qun l trang web(cu trc, banner, footer, qung co, menu, biu mu, khung mu, ). H cn phi chu trch nhim qun l ngi dng(thm, xa ngi dng, nh ngha nhm, v quyn cho nhm, ). Ngoi ra, h cn chu trch nhim v bo mt ca t bo. M hnh bin tp xut bn mt bi vit. Qu trnh ny phi tun theo mt lung cng vic, c th l phng vin bin tp vin ph duyt xut bn. Mt m hnh bin tp s c 3 loi bin tp vin: Bin tp vin ni dung: giao cho phng vin i vit bi hoc bin tp t mt ngun khc. Bin tp vin tin tc: xut bn cc bi vit, cng nh chn cc chuyn , s kin a bi vit vo. Bin tp vin: l nhng ngi va c th vit bi va phi kim duyt bi vit t bin tp vin ni dung.

Ti sao li phi qun tr ni dung trong h thng bo in t: Bo in t l tp hp rt nhiu bi vit(ni dung) nn qun tr bi vit l cn thit. Bo in t cn c s tch bit gia ni dung v trnh din Vic qun l ngi dng, cp quyn cho ngi dng l rt cn thit. Qun l lung cng vic ca bo in t i hi phi s dng CMS. Tm kim l chc nng khng th thiu trong mt h thng bo in t. Do , CMS s lm cho cng vic d dng hn.

5. Phn tch thit k h thng bo in t

Trong phn ny, ti s phn tch thit k h thng bo in t. Cc m hnh s c th hin nh: M hnh nghip v: m t nghip v ca h thng. Trong m hnh ny, ti s v m hnh phn r chc nng v m hnh ng cnh. M hnh qu trnh x l: xc nh lung d liu mc 0 v mc 1. M hnh tin trnh: xc nh m hnh logic vi cu trc ting Anh. M hnh d liu quan nim: xc nh m hnh mi quan h - thc th (E-R). M hnh d liu logic: xc nh m hnh c s d liu quan h. Thit k c s d liu: thit k m hnh c s d liu MSSQL.

6. Kt lun
Trong kha lun ny, ti tm hiu v xy dng h thng bo in t. H thng bo in t l mt h thng kh ln i hi cn nhiu ngi, nhiu kinh ph trin khai thnh cng h thng. Ti ch mi ci t mt phn chc nng ca h thng, cn phi tip tc hon thnh tip cc chc nng ca h thng nht l chc nng hin th, xut bn ti nhiu nh dng, nhiu loi thit b.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Gio trnh Phn tch thit k h thng thng tin (Nguyn Vn V H Ni 2004). [2] trang web: vietnamjournalism.com

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NG DNG KHUNG LM VIC CHO BI TON LP LCH

Sinh vin thc hin : V Vn Thch Lp K46CA Email:thachvv@gmai.com Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS. Nguyn Vn V nhim gia cc i tng cng tc vi nhau lm mt cng vic no . 3. Cc khung lm vic hp thnh Cc khung lm vic c to ra c th bao gm nhiu khung lm vic khc, cc khung lm vic c th cng tc vi nhau to ra mt khung lam vic ln hn. Nh mt cng vic phc tp c th phn r thnh nhiu cng vic nh hn v mi cng vic nh hn ny c th c thc hin bi mt hay nhiu khung lm vic. Khi hp nht chng li vi nhau gii quyt mt bi ton th chng phi lm vic n khp vi nhau.

Phn 1: Khung lm vic

1.Tng quan v khung lm vic Nh chng ta thy, khng ch c m ngun c s dng li m cc thit k v cc c t cng c s dng li mt cch rt hiu qu. Chng c chia thnh nhiu phn, v c lu tr trong cc th vin. Khi cn s dng li, chng c lin kt li vi nhau thng qua mt s nh dng khc nhau ty theo hon cnh chng c s dng. Chng ta gi chng l cc m hnh khung lm vic (model framework). Cc cng c th hin v lin kt cc khung lm vic ny l mt dng gi c dng ph bin, c gi l khung lm vic (framework) hay gi tiu bn (template package). 2.Cc khung lm vic cng tc Mt s cng tc miu t s tng tc gia cc i tng c thit k lm vic vi nhau. Chng gi thng ip i nhm t c mc ch t ra khi chng c thit k, tc l mi i tng c thit k nhm mt mc ch no v tt c cc hot ng ca n u nhm vo hon thnh mc ch . Hu ht cc k nng thit k hng i tng l v thit k s cng tc. K thut CRC (classes: cc lp, responsibilities: cc trch nhim, collaborations: cc cng tc) l k thut c bn ca vic thit k hng i tng v tt c ch l s phn chia cc trch

Phn 2: Vn s dng li
2.1 S dng li v tin trnh pht trin 2.1.1 S dng li l g? S dng li l mt lot cc k thut c h tr trrong hu ht cc cng vic thit k v trin khai m ta lm. Chnh v vy m mt s nhn t khc lin quan n pht trin phn mm nh bo tr, cht lng phn mm cng c ci thin nh s dng li. 2.1.1.1 Nhp khu tri hn hn so vi vic ct v dn Vic s dng li khng ch l s ct dn m ngun, mt phng php s dng li c in, nhng khng mang li hiu qu cao m vic s dng tp trung vo vic nhp khu cc gi c ng sn. Vic nhp khu cc gi ng sn c nhiu u im hn hn so vi vic ct dn thng thng. - 56 -

2.1.1.2 Nguyn l ng -- m v tnh kinh t ca vic s dng li Theo nguyn l ny, mi thnh phn phi l m cho vic m rng, tc l khi s dng li cc thnh phn, chng phi d dng c m rng nhng chng li phi ng i vi vic sa i, tc l khng cho php can thip vo bn trong cc gi c ng sn v c nhp khu . 2.2 Cc im cm Khi nhp khu cc gi vo trong phn mm ca chng ta, thng thng cc gi khng ch ra chi tit thnh phn bn trong ca n m n ch a ra cc im cm chng trnh ca chng ta c th truyn cc tham s qua cc im cm ny. Nh m chng ta c th s dng li cc gi. Cc im cm ny i khi cn c gi l cc cm bi khng phi c c im cm th c th s dng li tu m cc thnh phn cm vo phi ph hp vi cc im cm a ra. 2.3 S dng li trong khung lm vic Khng ging nh vic s dng li cc th vin nh t trc ti nay ta vn dng l khi chng trnh chnh khi chy s gi n cc th vin, cn khung lm vic th cng trnh chnh li l khung lm vic, cc chng trnh ca ngi s dng khi chy s t ng truyn cc tham s ti khung lm vic v khung lm vic s lm cho ng dng thc thi cc chc nng theo ng cc tham s truyn vo.

JhotDraw l mt khung lm vic ng dng c th c pht trin cho cc trnh v hnh mang tnh k thut. Ban u n c pht trin trong SmallTalk bi Kent Back v Ward Cunningham. Sau n c pht trin Erich Gamma v Thomas Eggenschwiler (sau ny c gi l nhm b t). Phin bn hin ti l 6.1 b ta. N l mt sn phm m ngun m rt ni ting, c th gii m ngun m pht trin hm 10 nm nay. 2. Gii thiu bi ton lp lch v bi ton lp lch thc hin Lp lch l mt cng vic ht sc quan trng trong pht trin phn mm. Vic lp lch chnh xc c mt ngha quyt nh i vi vic hon thnh d n ng thi hn, vic phn b ti nguyn v vic quy trch nhim trong mt nhm, mt t chc,vv.. Bi ton ca ta l xy dng mt biu PERT bng cch s dng li khung lm vic. Bi ton lp lch gii quyt l da trn khung lm vic JHotDraw, ta s dng li khung lm vic ca n, k tha v m rng cc lp, np chng cc phng thc nh cc im cm vo khung lm vic to ra ng dng ca mnh. Chng trnh cho php ta c th to ra mt biu lp lch Pert bng tay, bng cch dng cc cng c trn palette hay bng mt bng cc cng vic c lu trong mt file v t ng v cc cng vic, chng cng cho php ta chnh sa cc thng tin v cng vic v thm ngi hay sa ngi thc hin cng vic, thao tc vi ti nguyn, thng tin ngy lm vic, chuyn sang biu Gantt chng trnh cng cho php bn

Phn 3: ng dng khung lm vic cho bi ton lp lch

1.Gii thiu v khung lm vic JHotDraw

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lu biu cng vic hin thi v m chng ra.

[4] Martin Flower, Analysis Pattern, Reusable Object Model. [5] OReillydot.NET.Framework.Essentials.3rd. Edition [6] Erich, Gamma, Rechard Helm, Ralph Jonhson, John Vlissides. Design Patterns, Element of reusable objectoriented software. [7] Tham kho mt s ngun trn Internet, ch yu trong http://www.jhotdraw.org, http://sourceforgce.net

Ti liu tham kho: [1] Desmond Francis DSouza Alan Objects, Cameron Wills, Components,and Frameworks with UML The CatalysisSM Approach , [2] James W. Cooper, The Design Patterns Java Companion.

[3] Jones & Bartlett - Introduction to Java and Software Design

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- 59 -

TM KIM D LIU A PHNG TIN

Nguyn i Thng Daithang1111@yahoo.com Gio vin hng dn: PGS.TS Trung Tun

Gii thiu Nhng tin b gn y trong cng ngh a phng tin, cng ngh Internet, cng ngh truyn thng v s bng n ca World Wide Web a n cuc cch mng mi cho con ngi. Con ngi thc s bc vo k nguyn a phng tin, cng vi nhng tin ch l hng trm vn ny sinh. Trong vn ni cm l vic tm kim nh, m thanh v video c th tn dng c mi ti nguyn sn c trong cc tuyn tp v trn Internet. S a dng ca cc loi d liu cng nh kch thc ngy cng ln ca chng yu cu phi c nhng cng c v phng php khc nhau. Kho lun ny tp trung vo cc nguyn l c bn cng nh cc cng ngh c th pht trin tm kim d liu a phng tin. Kho lun cng Demo mt h thng lu tr v tm kim Video s dng cc thuc tnh gn. Chng 1. Cc vn c bn trong tm kim d liu a phng tin Chng ny a ra ton b cc vn lin quan n tm kim d liu a phng tin. Vi vic trnh by cc kin thc t c bn nht cho n cc vn k thut, chng ny c th gip ta hiu c mi kha cnh lin quan n vn n tm kim d liu a phng tin. Ni dung chnh nh sau: 1.1. Gii thiu Gii thiu v d liu a phng tin v nhu cu tm kim. 1.2. Tm kim thng tin Vn tm kim thng tin trong cc h thng d liu i hi phi tun theo mt s tiu chun.

Trong vic s dng cc ngn ng nh ch s (indexing language) l vn c bn nht cn quan tm. Vic s dng ngn ng ny gip cho cc truy vn ngi dng v cc m t i tng trong c s d liu c thng nht, t gip vic tm kim c thun li. 1.3. Chun b cc i tng thng tin Cc i tng thng tin trong thc t l mt m hn n, chng ta phi t chc chng vo c s d liu sao cho vic khai thc v s dng l thun li nht. iu ny i vi vn bn l iu d dng, tuy nhin vi loi d liu m thanh, hnh nh th rt phc tp. 1.4. Tm kim a phng tin Vi cc loi d liu a phng tin khc nhau th phi c cc cch thc tm kim khc nhau. Tuy tt cc chng u c th a v tm kim vn bn tuy nhin c mt s c im ngn cn iu ny. V d nh c tnh thi gian ca cc Video, vic kh khn khi nhn dng cc m thanh, tnh ch quan ca ngi dng v.v. Phn ny gii quyt cc cch thc tm kim cho cc dng khc nhau ca d liu nh vn bn, nh, video 1.5. i snh Vic tm kim lun lun lin quan n i snh cc m t i tng v truy vn. Nhng phng php i snh no c s dng v hp l cho loi d liu no c gii quyt trong phn ny. 1.6. o c cht lng Trong khi xy dng cc h thng tm kim a phng tin ta lun phi quan tm n cht lng cng nh hiu sut ca h thng. Cc thng s chnh trong vic o c h thng nh chnh xc, tm kim c phn tch. Chng 2. Mt s h thng tm kim Chng ny a ra cc trang tm kim p dng cc phng php a ra trong chng 1

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minh ha cho tnh ng dng ca chng. Cc mt mnh, yu ca cc trang tm kim i vi cc loi phng tin (nh, m thanh, Video) c phn tch. Chng 3. Lu tr d liu Video H thng lu tr Video c cc c im rt khc so vi cc h thng lu tr khc. S khc nhau ny xut pht t c tnh khng gian v thi gian ca Video. Do , vic xy dng h thng cn tnh n mt s vn : 3.1. Xy dng m hnh d liu Video C nhiu phng php m hnh ho d liu Video ph hp vi vic lu tr, phn tch v tm kim. Phn ny a ra mt s m hnh chnh v trc quan ca Video cng nh cc im mnh, im yu ca chng. 3.2. Vic phn tch cnh Video Phn tch cnh Video rt quan trng trong vic xc nh ng ng ca Video. Mt s thut ton pht hin s thay i cnh c a ra i vi cc cnh thay i t ngt, thay i t t v i vi s thay i cnh trong Video nn. 3.3. nh ch s Video tin cho vic tm kim, Video cn c nh ch s ph hp. Ngoi cc phng php ging vi vn bn, mt s phng php khc c trng cho nh ch s Video cng c a ra. Chng 4. H thng lu tr Video i vi mt trng i hc hoc mt t chc ln th cc d liu Video l rt ph bin. Vic lu tr v tm kim loi d liu ny thng khng cn thit phi s dng cc cng c mnh m thng dng cc thuc tnh gn (ging nh vn bn) h tr vic khai thc Video. Ti xy dng mt h thng Video n gin s dng cc thuc tnh do ngi dng gn h tr vic tm kim. Tuy nhin h tr cho mt khi lng ln d liu th h thng cn phi b xung cc cng c ca x l ngn ng. Mt h thng tham kho (The Digital Library Project) ang c xy dng ti trng i hc University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Ti liu tham kho. [1] Gupta, T. Weymouth, and R. Jain M, The VIMSYS model, 1991. [2] T. G.A. Smith and G. Davenport, The stratification system : A design environment for random access memory, 1992. [3] E. Oomoto and K. Tanaka, Design and implementation of Video- object database system, 1993. [4] B. Shahraray, Scene change detection and content-based sampling of Video sequences, SPIE, 1995. [5] K. Otsuji, Y. Tonomura, and Y. Ohba, Video browsing using bright-ness data, 1991. [6] Swanberg, C. F. Shu, R. Jain. Knowledge guided parsing in Video databases, 1993. [7] S. W. Smoliar and H. J. Zhang, ContenrBased Video indexing and Retrieval, 1994. [8] Elsevier, A Rule- Base Video Database System Architecture, 2002. [9] Jelena Tesic, Intelligent Image Database Seaching System, UCSB, 2002. [10] ChrisTos Faloutsos, Multimedia Indexing, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 2002. [11] Ying Li and C-c Jay Kuo, Introduction to Content-Based Image Retrieval-Overview of Key Techniques, University of Southern, Los Angeles, California, 2002. [12] Wallapak Tavanapong and Kien A.Hua, Design and Implementation of a Video Browsing System for The Internet, Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA, 2001. [13] Marti A.Hearst, Next Generation Web Search: Setting Our Sites, University of California, Berkeley, 2000. [14] Arjen P.de Vries, Content Dependence in Multimedia Database, Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2001. [15] Dr Andrew Salway, Modelling Multimedia Information, Lectures of Surrey UK, 2005.

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H THNG QUN L THNG TIN DU LCH

Chu Ngc Tun MSSV: 0122133 Email: chautuanvnu@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. L Trng Bi

1. Gii thiu
Nhng nm gn y, khi t nc ta ang trn pht trin ko theo s pht trin v mi mt ca nn kinh t x hi, i sng ca ngi dn ngy cng c nng cao, cng vi vic m ca giao lu vi bn b th gii lm cho ngnh du lch nc ta pht trin mnh m. c nh gi l mt ngnh cng nghip khng khi, du lch c m rng v u t mnh m. Tuy nhin vic kinh doanh du lch th cn nhiu hn ch, l s bt cp trong vic qun l cc thng tin du lch, s manh mm thiu lin kt trong vic t chc cc hot ng du lch. gii quyt cc vn trn, c nhiu phng php c hiu qu c tin hnh vi s tr gip ca cng ngh thng tin. Trong khun kh kha lun ny chng ti s phn tch thit k h thng qun l thng tin du lch, h thng c trin khai cc doanh nghip kinh doanh du lch, h tr hiu qu cho cc hot ng ca doanh nghip . H thng qun l thng tin du lch l h thng hot ng trn mi trng Internet, n c nhim v tip nhn, lu tr, x l cc thng tin t pha cc i tc v khch hng, t gip cho ngi qun l (nh kinh doanh du lch) c nhng thng tin cn thit t chc cc hot ng kinh doanh du lch mt cch hiu qu, kinh t, mang li li nhun cao.

2.1 i tc
i tc y chnh l cc nh cung cp cc dch v, cc nh kinh doanh du lch lin kt vi chng ta. Ta c th chia cc i tc thnh cc loi nh sau: - Cc nh cung cp cc dch v n ung ngh ngi. - Cc nh cung cp dch v vn chuyn. - Cc nh cung cp dch v tham quan. - Cc cng ty kinh doanh du lch.

2.2 Khch hng

Khch hng l cc du khch, nhng ngi s dng h thng tm kim thng tin v gi n h thng nhng yu cu ca mnh. Khi n vi Website h thng, khch hng c th xem xt v la chn cc khch sn, cc tour du lch c gii thiu trn Website, hoc cng c th t t tour du lch cho ring mnh. Sau khch hng gi n nh qun tr cc thng tin , v nh qun tr s tr li khch hng ngay trong thi gian ngn nht c th.

2.3 Nh qun tr
Nh qun tr l cc thnh vin ca cng ty, nhng ngi qun l v s dng cc thng tin nhn c cc i tc v khch hng. Ta c th chia nh qun tr thnh ba b phn: b phn qun tr thnh vin, v b phn x l thng tin.

2. M t h thng
H thng c 3 tc nhn l: i tc, khch hng v ngi qun tr h thng.

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- B phn qun tr thnh vin: B phn qun tr thnh vin l b phn c quyn ln nht trong ba b phn. B phn ny c chc nng thm mi, sa i, xa cc thnh vin ca h thng. - B phn x l thng tin: B phn ny c chc nng qun l cc i tc v cc dch v m i tc cung cp. Bn cnh b phn ny cn c chc nng x l cc ng k m khch hng gi ti v qun l cc tour du lch.

H qun tr c s d liu: Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Cng c pht trin: s dng JSP (Java Server Page).

4. Nhn xt
y l bi ton c tnh thc t cao, khi trin khai s gii quyt c mt khi lng cng vic rt ln. Trong khun kh kha lun ny, v i tc mi ch gii hn mt s nh cung cp dch v, chng ta c th m rng h thng cc i tc c th cung cp nhiu dch v hn na, khch hng c thm s la chn. Bn cnh , c th thm cc chc nng qun tr cho nh qun tr h thng, tin hc ha cc cng vic m nh qun tr phi lm.

3. Trin khai h thng

H thng c trin khai trn mi trng Internet di dng mt Website. Da vo quy m v yu cu t ra ca h thng chng ti ngh s dng cc cng ngh sau:

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Nhp mn UML NXB Thng k. [2] Phn tch thit k h thng hng i tng bng UML NXB Gio dc.

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XY DNG V NG DNG PORTAL

Nguyn Hu Tut MSV: 0122145 Email: tuatnh@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: ThS. o Kin Quc

1. Gii thiu
Cng vi xu th pht trin trn th gii, vic ng dng CNTT vo cng tc qun l tri thc cc c quan qun l hnh chnh nh nc, trng i hc, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam ngy cng pht trin mnh. Cc h CSDL ngy cng tr ln s v phm vi hnh chnh c xu hng phn tn, nhiu hot ng c tin hc ha v s dng mi trng mng my tnh ngy cng tng. T ny sinh cc yu cu v qun l ngun thng tin, ti liu ca t chc, h tr tm kim v tng hp thng tin t nhiu ngun khc nhau mt cch nhanh nht, hiu qu nht, d s dng, an ton, phn quyn ngi dng nhm h tr hiu qu trong cng tc qun l. Portal hay cn gi l Cng thng tin c ra i chnh l gii quyt cc vn trn. Bo co ny tp trung nghin cu ba vn chnh: - Cc khi nim v tnh cht ca mt Portal y . - Phn tch v so snh c im mt s Portal tiu biu ang c ng dng hin nay. - Xy dng gii php E4Portal v cc kh nng ng dng. Vic nghin cu cc vn trn nhm cung cp mt cch nhn y v su sc v Portal v cc gii php Portal ang c ph bin, t xy dng hoc ng dng Portal mt cch hiu qu vo tng iu kin c th.

Knh thng tin (chanel): Cc thng tin trong mt h thng thng c chia thnh cc lnh vc, c th xem knh l mt khu vc trong h thng, th hin thng tin v mt lnh vc no . Single-sign-on (SSO): C ch chng thc mt ln, tc l ch s dng 1 account v 1 ln ng nhp duy nht, s dng cc dch v ca tt c cc ng dng trong Portal.

2) Cc tinh cht c bn ca portal.

Cu trc ca h thng c lu tr trong CSDL, v vy, ton b cu trc v mt ni dung ca h thng l ng, thay i c. H tr c ch single-sign-on. S dng template, cho php thay i giao din. H tr c nhn ha ngi dng, mi ngi dng c giao din v hng cc dch v do Portal cung cp khc nhau. H tr c ch workflow trong qun tr ni dung thng tin. B cng c tm kim mnh trong ton b Portal.

3. Mt s Portal tiu biu

1) Cc portal m ngun m
U-Portal: Portal c pht trin institutions of higher-education. Cc chun U-Portal da trn nn tng Java, XML, JSP v J2EE. Rainbow Portal: c pht trin bi cng ng . Rainbow Portal c xy dng trn nn tng Microsoft.NET, ngn ng pht trin ch yu l C#. Ngoi ra, c rt nhiu Portal m ngun m nh Mamo, .Net Nuke, Moodlechng ta c th tham kho ti a ch: http://cmsopensource.com.

2. Cc khi nim v tnh cht ca Portal

1) Cc khi nim chnh Portal: L mt khi nim tin hc, l mt h thng thng tin ca mt t chc hay c quan. Subportal: Mi Portal c th xem l mt i tng, subportal cng l mt h thng Portal, nhng v mc logic, n l portal con ca mt Portal khc.

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2) Cc Portal m ngun ng
C hai dng sn phm ang cnh tranh trn th trng l: Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server. y l gii php tng th v Portal ca Microsoft, xy dng trn nn tng Microsoft.NET, h thng ny tp trung ch yu xy dng cc Portal danh cho Intranet. IBM Webphere Portal. Gii php ca cng ty IBM, xy dng trn nn tng Java Webphere, tnh nng tng t h thng Microsoft SharePoint Portal. 5 Tm kim trong ni dung

HTML, DOC, XLS, PPT, PDF Hon ton, c Internet v Intranet Portal Email, Text chat, Voice chat, Video chat, SMS C, vi b cng c PeaceSof t CPMP

HTML

trng i vi h thng ti liu ln nh hng n tnh thn thin ca h thng

H tr ting Vit

Ch Internet Portal

Email

3) So snh gia IBM Portal v Microsoft SharePoint Portal.

T T Tiu ch E4Portal / MSSPS C DMS, CMS IBM WebSp here Ch c CMS Ghi ch 7

Kh nng giao tip trc tuyn v Cnh bo s kin Thu thp, lu tr, x l v xut bn thng tin t cc ngun khc Kh nng tch hp cc h thng c v pht trin thm cc Module mi

Documen t Managem ent System: Qun tr tp trung h thng vn bn, ti liu Cc con ng truy cp ti liu trn Portal Cng c son tho ni dung trn Portal

Khng Yu cu cn c ca MOFI

Web, Windows Explorer, MS Office WYSIW YG, MS Office

Qua Web E4Porta l mnh v thn thin hn vi ngi s dng 9

Nhanh chng, n gin

Nng, phc tp

WYSIW YG

Tm kim

CSDL, Web, Exchang e Server, File Server

CSDL, Web

Tm kim trong ni dung rt quan

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4. Xy dng v ng dng E4Portal

Gii php E4Portal c xy dng l s tch hp cc u im ca cc h thng Portal hin ti, sau y l cc tnh cht v kh nng ng dng ca E4Portal. 1) Cc kh nng ng dng - To ra nhiu cng thng tin (h thng website in t) phc v cc yu cu v chc nng khc nhau. V d: H thng website bo in t, h thng website m nhc gii tr, h thng website bnh chn, din n giao lu trc tuyn.(cc d n ln). - Xy dng cc trang thng tin chuyn vo mt h thng hin ti(v d nh bo in t) vi h thng cc module chc nng ci t sn. - Tch hp v chuyn i cc h thng c sang gii php E4portal trong thi gian nhanh nht v gi nguyn cc gi tr thng tin (khng mt mt thng tin) nh cc cng c c sn ca E4Portal. - Kin trc ca E4Portal cho php h thng pht trin v m rng lu di, p ng lng thng tin v thao tc ln, v th h thng hot ng v pht trin lin tc cng vi s pht trin ca t chc. - E4portal c th trin khai trn mt hay nhiu server vi c ch ng b ha d liu nhm p ng lng thng tin khng l v kh nng truy cp ng thi khi lng ngi dng ln. 2) Cc tnh nng ni bt - Xy dng nhiu portal vi chc nng khc nhau. Khc vi cc gii php Portal khc ch cho php to duy nht 1 portal v sau to thm cc trang trong portal .S dng E4Portal c th to ra nhiu (khng hn ch) portal, mi portal vi cc mc ch v chc nng ring bit vo bt k thi gian no, ngay trong lc h thng ang vn hnh. - Xy dng giao din khng ph thuc vo h thng. Vi kin trc tch bit hon ton giao din vi chc nng h thng, E4Portal cho php to ra cc kiu dao din khc nhau cho tng Portal, tng trang mt trong Portal, v tng vng khc nhau trn mi trang. Hn na, trn mi trang, ngi dng c th to ra cc vng khau nhau (bng cch to

cc bng) v ty ci cm cc module chc nng. E4Portal cho php thit k giao din, mu sc v ni dung hin th bng chnh cng c trc tip trn web v ngi dng khng cn qun tm n h thng hot ng bn trong. - Quy trnh kim duyt v xut bn thng tin cht ch. H qun tr ni dung thng tin ca E4Portal h tr vic to cc tin vi nhiu mc u tin (mc nh l N bt, chnh, tiu im, thng) v bin tp vin c th nh ngha thm. Tin gn lin vi s kin, tin c bit...E4Portal cho php nh ngha cc lung thng m cc tin phi i qua. Tt c cc thao tc, to, thm, sa, ph duyt ca tt c mi ngi u c ghi li, v th lc no cng c th kim sot c tnh trng tin lu chuyn trn h thng v ngi chu trch nhim v tin. - Qun tr, phn quyn v thng k. Vic phn quyn c gn lin ti tng Portal, tng trang v tng module chc nng. E4Portal ghi li v thng k ton b cc hnh ng xy ra trn server cng nh thao tc ngi dng, gip qun tr c th kim sot cc hot ng trn server, ngi no login, logout, ai xm nhp h thng, xm nhp t a ch IP no, t cho php h thng t ng chn cc truy cp tri php hoc vi mc ch gy nguy him. E4portal cho php thng k ton b cc thao tc ca ngi dng i vi h thng: S lng truy cp, s lng thnh vin online, s lng truy cp tng trang, tng tin bi, thng k kt qu ng tin bi ca bin tp vin theo thi gian, mc tinV cc biu v cc thng k trn. - Cc kh nng tch hp Cho php xy dng v ci t thm cc module chc nng vo h thng trong lc ang hot ng v khng gy bt k nh hng no i vi h thng. Cho php lin kt v tch hp d dng cc game tng tc vo h thng. Bnh chn thm d, game IQ, trc nghim, tng tc hai chiu. Tch hp cng c cho php truy cp bng mobile v cc kh nng khc. - Cc tnh nng khc E4Portal c y cc tnh nng c bn ca 1 Portal nh ni trn.

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5. Kt lun
Xy dng mt h thng Portal vi y cc tnh nng l mt qu trnh tng i kh v cn s ng gp cng sc ca nhiu ngi. Vi s gip ca cc bn, phin bn ca E4Portal ra i v hin ang c chy th nghim ti cng ty Peacesoft. Nhng kt qu ban u cho thy tnh kh thi v tnh ng dng thc t ca h thng. Trong thi gian ti, chng ti s tip tc nghin cu v pht trin h thng, vi mc tiu to ra mt t hp cc h thng Portal a chc nng, ng dng c trn mi lnh vc: qun l hnh chnh, o to, bo ch, m nhc gii tr, t vn tiu dng

Ti liu tham kho

[1] http://u-portal.org . Trang web chnh thc ca U-Portal. [2] http://microsoft.com.vn/sharepoiny. Trang web chnh thc ca Microsft v
SharePoint Portal.

[3] http://cmsmatricx.com. Website so snh cc h thng Portal open source. [4] http://cmsmatricx.com. Website so snh cc h thng Portal open source.

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THC NGHIM V NH GI MT PHNG PHP NHN DNG CH TING VIT IN

Trn H Tuyn MSSV: 0122147 Email: tuyenth83@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Nguyn Trng Dng

1.Gii thiu
Nhn dng ch (ch in , ch vit tay) l mt trong nhng h thng nhn dng nhm mc ch t ng ho qu trnh thu nhn cc thng tin dng ch. Trong cc h thng ny , t mt dng thng tin thu nhn c(cc nh ch qua my scan...) h thng s phn tch , sp xp, gn lc, phn loi chng v dng cc k thut ring bit x l chng nhm a ra ngha cc thng tin mang tnh ng dng phc v i sng con ngi. Lnh vc nhn dng ch in v ang thu ht c s quan tm ca nhiu nh nghin cu khoa hc trong cc lnh vc t tin hc n ton hc.... bi tm quan trng ca n . Nhn dng ch in v ang c mt trong nhiu ng dng nh l lu tr vn bn , phn loi th tn, lu tr h s hc sinh, thanh ton tin trong nh bng, h thng thng k t ng cc phiu iu tra.... Tuy nhin kt qu ca vic nhn dng ni chung v vic nhn dng ch Ting Vit ni ring cha p ng c nhu cu thc t. V th vi mong mun ci tin nng cao cht lng nhn dng, em quyt nh nghin cu ti Phn tch so snh cc phng php nhn dng ch Ting Vit in trong bi kho lun tt nghip ca mnh. Trong khun kh ca ti , em tp trung nghin cu v phn nhn dng ring tng ch ci sau khi c tch khi dng v cc t , y l phn quan trng nht v quyt nh n vic nhn dng ton b vn bn.

phng php nhn dng ch vit chng hn nh: phng php dng dy im c trng, phn tch ng bin, phn tch ng trn, s hnh chiu, i snh mu...Mi phng php u c u im v nhc im ring. Tuy nhin vic la chn mt phng php nhn dng hp l cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh l : tng s lng ch m h thng x l, loi k t m h thng thit k, ch ci thuc single-font hay l multi-font, c rng buc vi ch vit bng tay hay khng, cc bin th ca ch ci thuc cng mt lp, ch nhn dng c thuc loi phn tch cu trc hay khng, phn gii ca my scan, phn cng yu cu...

3. Xy dng thut ton nhn dng

T tng ca thut ton l so snh ch cn nhn dng vi mt tp mu cc ch ci trong c s d liu xt xem ch cn nhn dng ging mu ch no nht. Vn l phi a ra c i lng o c ging nhau gia ch cn nhn dng vi mu.V th ta xt ton b gi tr cc im nh ca nh ch v mu nhn dng v so snh tng cp gi tr cng v tr vi nhau. Ta xt :

m (i,j)=

1 neu ( x m = i ) ( y m = j ) 0 nguoc lai

2.Cc phng php nhn dng ch vit

Vic nhn dng ch vit thng thng u tun theo mt s cc bc nht nh nh : qut ti liu, tin x l, trch chn c trng , phn loi v hu x l...Trn th gii c kh nhiu - 68 -

Trong ym v xm l gi tr im nh th m ca nh ch v mu, i,j c gi tr 1 hoc 0 v l gi tr im nh ca nh en trng. S lng cp ng thi xy ra khi X[m]=i v Y[m]=j l :

n ij =

m =1

(i, j )

y ta xt ton b im nh ca nh ch v mu nhn dng tng hp kt qu. Do i v j

ch c gi tr l 1 v 0 nn nij c cc gi tr l n01 , n11, n10 , n00. T ta a ra i lng o ging nhau gia ch nhn dang Y v mu X nh sau: T(Y,X) = n11 /( n11 + n01 + n10) i lng trn c xy dng trn c s ly cc im en(im nh c gi tr 1) lm chnh l bi im en thng c ngha nhn dng cao hn im trng rt nhiu. Khi so snh ch cn nhn dng vi mu ch th i lng ny phi vt qua mt ngng nht nh th mi c gn cho mu , thng thng gi tr ny l 0,5

nhc im ca ln thc nghim 2 khi font ch nhn dng v mu khc kiu nhau.

6. Kt lun
Trong bi kho lun tt nghip ny em xy dng c mt phng php nhn dng da trn m hnh Template Matching. Sau mt qu trnh nghin cu, Lun vn t c mt s kt qu nh sau: + Phn tch so snh cc u im, nhc im ca phng php nhn dng ch. + Xy dng thut ton nhn dng ch v a vo hot ng c hiu qu + Ci tin thut ton v t c kt qu chnh xc nh mong i. Tuy nhin do s lng mu nhn dng cn hn ch nn vic nh gi thut ton cng nh khc phc cc vn khc ny sinh cn hn ch Cc vn tip tc nghin cu l xy dng mi lin h gia cc tp mu trong c s d liu c th gim thiu s lng mu ch cn a ra so snh khi mi ln cn nhn dng mu ch, tm hiu cc bin php tin x l c hiu qu cng nh cc bin php hu x l nh gi ng kt qu sau khi qua nhn dng.

4. nh gi cc u, nhc im ca thut ton v cc bin php khc phc

Thut ton nhn dng nu trn c u im n gin, hiu qu , v d ci t. Tuy nhin ngoi cc u im thut ton vn tn ti mt s nhc im nh khng thch hp trong trng hp nh ch cn nhn dng b bin th, b nhiu nh ch b quay, khng cng kch c vi mu nhn dng. khc phc cc nhc im trn thng thng chng ta s dng cc bin php tin x l thch hp , kt hp vi s dng mt tp mu cho mi loi ch ci cn nhn dng.

Ti liu tham kho :

[1] D. H. Ballard and C. M. Brown, Computer Vision , pp. 65-70. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice- Hall, 1982 [2] P. Gader, B. Forester, M. Ganzberger, A. Gilles, B. Mitchell, M. Whallen, and T.Yocum, Recognition of handwritten digits using template and model matching Pattern Recognition, vol. 24, no. 5, pp 421431, 1991. [3] TRIER, JAIN , and TAXT : Feature Extraction Methods for Character Recognition A Survey.

5. Ci t thc nghim
Chng trnh c ci t v tin hnh thc nghim qua 3 ln s dng khong 40-50 b mu ch v cho kt qu tng i chnh xc. Thc nghim 1: Ch nhn dng v tp mu ch c cng kiu phng. Thc nghim 2 : Ch nhn dng v tp mu khc kiu phng nhau. Thc nghim 3 : S dng 1 tp mu cho ring tng ch ci. V d vi ch a : a , a , a ,

a ...
ln thc nghim th 1 do ch nhn dng v tp mu c cng kiu nn cho kt qu kh[2] chnh xc. ln thc nghim th 3 chng trnh s dng mt tp mu ring cho mi ch ci cho kt qu chnh xc khc phc c - 69 -

BI TON QUN L HP NG XY DNG C BN

Nguyn Hoang Tung MSV: 0122155 Email: nghtung2002@yahoo.com Ngi hng dn: TS. Trung Tun (H KHTN HQG H Ni) Mt hp ng v u t xy dng c bn s bt u t khi cng ty nhn nhn c h s mi thu ca ch u t, cng ty u thu, thng thu, ri ki hp ng vi chu u t, sau o cng ty tin hanh xy dng cng trinh, hoan thanh cng trinh va hp ng kt thuc khi hai bn ki nghim thu, thanh ly cng trinh. Mt hp ng v mua ban va cho thu vt t thit bi bt u t luc hai bn ki hp ng kinh t n khi thanh ly hp ng.

1. Gii thiu
Quan ly xy dng c ban la mt cng vic phc tap va xy dng mt h thng thng tin hp ly cho mt cng ty hoat ng trong linh vc xy dng la mt bai toan khng n gian. Vic quan ly mt cach hp ly giup tit kim chi phi, tng doanh thu, chng tht thoat, tham nhung mt vn ang ni cm trong thi gian gn y. tip cn va giai quyt bai toan nay ti a tim hiu Cng ty C phn lin hp xy dng Huy Hoang (HCJ) co tru s tai thanh ph Hai Phong. Pham vi cua bai toan gii han trong vic quan ly cac hp ng v xy dng c ban trong o co hp ng v u t xy dng c ban va hp ng v mua ban va cho thu vt t, vt liu xy dng, may moc thit bi xy dng. y la nhng hoat ng din ra thng xuyn nht i vi nhng cng ty chuyn v xy dng nh HCJ.

b. Phn tich va thit k h thng

Trong phn nay khoa lun se lam nhng cng vic sau: ... M ta cac nghip vu mt cach chi tit. Xy dng tin trinh nghip vu Xy dng cac m hinh v thc th Xy dng s ng canh, cac biu lung d liu Xy dng s phn ra chc nng Thit k cac module c ta cac tng tac, giao din c ta C s d liu

2. Phng phap xy dng

H thng c xy dng da trn hng cu truc, phat trin theo m hinh vong i. Chng trinh demo c xy dng da trn cng cu Visual Basic, c s d liu SQL.

3. Cac ni dung chinh a. Khao sat va m ta bai toan

Trong phn nay ti se i t tng quan v t chc (gii thiu chung, cac chc nng cua t chc,..), ti s t chc, cac n vi chc nng va hoat ng nghip vu cua cac phong ban n vi, ri khao sat hin trang nghip vu cung nh hin trang ng dung tin hoc trong t chc. Bai toan c m ta gm 2 nhim vu ln cn thc hin c la quan ly cac hp ng v u t xy dng c ban va quan ly hp ng v mua ban va cho thu vt t, vt liu xy dng, may moc thit bi xy dng.

c. Xy dng chng trinh

Chng trinh demo c xy dng chu yu da trn cng cu Visual Basic va c s d liu SQL. Phn nay khoa lun se trinh bai cac ni dung v: Gii thiu cng ngh ap dung: Gii thiu v b cng cu Visual Basic, SQL. Gii thiu chng trinh Demo. Thit k chi tit c s d liu. Thit k cac chc nng. Gii thiu cac giao din cua chng trinh, cac menu, cach hoat ng cua cac chc nng

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4. Kt lun
Trong khoa lun nay, ti a khao sat, m ta bai toan, phn tich va thit k h thng, va xy dng c chng trinh demo. Tuy nhin gii han cua an chi trong vic quan ly cac hp ng xy dng c ban, tuy la mt hoat ng quan trong va thng xuyn cua mt cng ty xy dng nhng cha bao trum ht hoat ng khac. ng thi vi lng thng tin vao ra cua h thng quan ly hp ng xy dng rt ln va chi tit nn phn xy dng demo con cha hoan thin. Cac vn tip tuc cn nghin cu thm: quan ly can b trong cng ty xy dng; quan ly tinh trang s dung chi tit hn cua

vt t, thit bi xy dng; xy dng cac chc nng h tr theo doi cac tin trin cua cng trinh, h tr ra k hoach,...

Ti liu tham kho

[1] ao Kin Quc, Phn tich thit k h thng thng tin tin hoc hoa, NXB H Quc Gia Ha Ni(1998) [2] Nguyn Vn Vy, Giao trinh phn tich thit k h thng thng tin , NXB H Quc Gia TP. H Chi Minh (2004)

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PTTK H THNG H TR TIP NHN H S LIN LC CNG DN V TR KT QU TH TC HNH CHNH CHO B PHN MT CA CA CC S BAN NGNH CA TP H NI
Ngc T M s Sv: 0122164 Email: mailto:tudnfotech@gmail.com 1. Gii thiu. Ngy nay hot ng hnh chnh s nghip ngy cng tr nn phc tp v hot dng cn nhiu rm r gy phin nhiu cho nhn dn v cc t chc khi n lm th tc hnh chnh. C ch ci cch hnh chnh theo c ch mt ca ra i gip gim thiu rt nhiu cho cng tc gii quyt cc th tc hnh chnh. Tuy nhin hot ng ca cc b phn mt ca ngy cng c hiu qu v mang tnh hin i trong cng tc hnh chnh th cn thit c mt h thng h tr cho hot ng ca cc b phn mt ca. Do vic xy dng h thng theo m hnh xy dng h thng tin hc ha l rt hp l v ph hp, gii quyt c rt nhiu vn t ra hin nay Ngi hng dn: ThS. o Kin Quc ng hng dn: CN. Nguyn Vit Tn

2. C s l thuyt
Phn tch thit k h thng tin hc l mt bc quan trng c th ni l bc nht khi xy dng mt h thng. Qu trnh phn tch thit k s m t mt cch c th v chi tit nht trc khi xy dng nn h thng. l nn tng pht trin h thng mt cch ton din chuyn nghip v t c hiu qu cao. Vic la chn hng phn tch theo m hnh hng chc nng l mt cch tip cn d dng nht v c th m bo phn tch r nht cc chc nng ca h thng v n cng gii quyt c hu ht cc yu cu ca bi ton t ra. Thng qua cc m hnh chc nng v cc thc th ca h thng, s a ra ci nhn tng qut nht v th hin r rng nht cu trc hot ng ca h thng. 3. H thng h tr Tip nhn h s -

Lin lc cng dn v Tr kt qu th tc hnh chnh

3.1. M t khi qut - 72 -

H thng h tr Tip nhn h s Lin lc cng dn v Tr kt qu th tc hnh chnh l h thng a ra cc mc h tr qu trnh tip nhn h s ca cng dn. Gip cc cn b chuyn vin thc hin cng tc tip nhn h s mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu. N cho php cng dn c th khng cn ng k ch i np h s m c th ng k thng qua mng Internet thng qua h thng h tr cng dn. T cng dn ch cn mang h s n np ti b phn mt ca m khng cn ng k hoc khai bo li thng tin c nhn. Ngoi ra h thng c th cho php nhp trc tip thng tin v np h s ti b phn mt ca. Qua cc chuyn vin mt ca khng cn ghi s np h s. Khi mt h s c np h thng s cho php ghi nhn mt m s tin theo di v tm kim. Ngoi ra h thng cn cho php thng bo trc tip n cng dn v tnh trng h s, cc yu cu np b xung h s hay cc thng bo khc thng qua vic gi thng tin trng thi trc tip ln HNP (HanoiPortal) hoc h thng h tr cng dn, hoc gi tin nhn n cng dn qua in thoi di ng. H thng cn h tr vic tr h s. Khi cng dn n nhn h s gii quyt ch cn trnh phiu hn v chuyn vin s thng qua h thng tm ra h s c tr v tin hnh tr h s m khng cn tm kim li thng tin trong s sch. 3.2.Cc chc nng ca h thng H thng bao gm cc chc nng sau: a. Tip nhn h s Cho php h tr hai mc tip nhn sau: - Tip nhn cc h s ng k qua mng Phn r chc nng: + Tm h s ng k. + Kim tra h s. + Ghi nhn np. + In phiu hn.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

+ In phiu np. + In ha n. Tip nhn cc h s trc tip ti b phn mt ca chc nng ny gi l chc nng nhp mi. Phn r chc nng: + Nhp thng tin + Kim tra h s + Ghi nhn np h s + In phiu hn + In phiu np + In ha n Chuyn th l h s Phn r chc nng: + Lp danh sch chuyn + Chuyn th l + In phiu bn giao Theo di trng thi v thng bo cng dn Phn r chc nng: + Xem tnh trng h s + Xem thng bo + Son thng bo + Gi thng bo Tip nhn h s b xung Phn r chc nng: + Tm h s cn b xung + Kim tra giy t b xung + Ghi nhn b xung + In phiu nhn b xung Nhn h s gii quyt xong Phn r chc nng: + Lp danh sch nhn bn giao + Ghi nhn nhn bn giao + In phiu nhn bn giao Tr kt qu Phn r chc nng: + Lp danh sch tr + Tm h s tr + Ghi nhn tr + In phiu tr Lp bo co + Lp bo co tnh trng giI quyt cng vic.

Vic thay th cng tc lu tr v nhp liu th cng bng h thng gip gii quyt thm c rt nhiu h s. - Vic thng bo ch ng n cng dn v cc t chc gim thiu rt nhiu cng sc cho nhn dn v c nh gi l kh tt tuy cha thc s hon chnh. - Hot ng nghip v tr nn hin i hn rt nhiu. - Cng vi h thng h tr cng dn v h thng h tr th l h s thc s lm t ng ha cng tc hnh chnh v th hin r bn cht hin i ha cng tc hnh chnh. Mi trng s dng pht trin: M hnh Client - Server. Pht trin trn nn ngn ng ASP CSDL: SQL server2000 Webserver: IIS. 5. Kt lun Trong khun kh kha lun d rt c gng nhng cng cha tht s xy dng c h thng mt cch hon chnh v p ng c ht cc yu cu t ra. Hn na vic tip cn theo m hnh hng chc nng l mt m hnh c l l c in nn cha ti u ha c ht cc cch thc gii quyt vn . Trong tng lai h thng s tip tc c hon thin v pht trin. V y l h thng kh ln nn i hi cn tip tc i su hn na trn c s cc chc nng c bn hin ti.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Nguyn Vn V, Gio trnh phn tch thit k, HQG H Ni [2] ThS . o kin Quc, Gio trnh phn tch thit k h thng thng tin, HQG HN [3] NXB KHKT. ASP- 3.0 [4] Garry kelly. ASP- Tutorial

4. Thc hin Ti ci t v ly m hnh hot ng ca s k hoch u t lm v d qua thy c: - 73 -

Danh sch cn b B mn Cng ngh phn mm

Danh sch cn b ging dy
1. ThS. Trn Th Minh Chu 2. TS. Nguyn Vit H 3. ThS. ng c Hnh 4. ThS. V Diu Hng 5. ThS. o Kin Quc 6. CN. Nguyn Vit Tn 7. PGS. TS. Nguyn Vn V Gim c TTCNPM Ph ch nhim Khoa CNTT Ch nhim B mn CNPM Email: tmct@vnu.edu.vn Email: hanv@vnu.edu.vn Email: hanhdd@vnu.edu.vn Email: huongvd@vnu.edu.vn Email: quocdk@vnu.edu.vn Email: tannv@vnu.edu.vn Email: vynv@vnu.edu.vn

Danh sch thc tp sinh

1. CN. Phan Vit Cng 2. CN. Bi c Giang 3. CN. Phm Ngc Hng 4. CN. T Vn Khnh 5. CN. Nguyn Th Diu Linh 6. CN. Phan H Vit Phng 7. CN. Trn Th Mai Thng Email: pvcuong2004@yahoo.com Email: giang816@yahoo.com Email: hungpn@vnu.edu.vn Email: khanhtv@vnu.edu.vn Email: linh_ams@yahoo.com Email: phpv82@yahoo.com Email: thuongttm@vnu.edu.vn

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Danh sch cn b tham gia hng dn

1. ThS.Trn V Vit Anh 2. TS. L Trng Bi 3. KS. ng Vit Dng 4. TS. Nguyn Trng Dng 5. TS. V Ba nh 6. PGS.TS. ng Vn c 7. ThS. on Minh Phng 8. TS. L Vn Phng 9. PGS. TS. V c Thi 10. PGS.TS. Ng Quc To 11. TS. Nng Ton 12. PGS. Nguyn Quc Ton 13. PGS. TS. Trung Tun Cng ty Viet Software Cng ty C phn Sinh vin Trung tm CNPM Vin CNTT Trung tm KHKT v CNQS` Vin CNTT B mn Mng Vin CNTT Vin CNTT Vin CNTT Vin CNTT Trng HCN Trng HKHTN Email: anhtvv@vnu.edu.vn Phone: 04.7163827 Email: dungdv@vnu.edu.vn Email: trongdung@ioit.ncst.ac.vn Email: vubadinh@cardvn.net Email: dvduc@ioit.ncst.ac.vn Email: phuongdm@vnu.edu.vn Email: lvphung@ioit.ncst.ac.vn Email: vdthi@ioit.ncst.ac.vn Email: nqtao@ioit.ncst.ac.vn Email: dttoan@ioit.ncst.ac.vn Email: toannq@vnu.edu.vn Email: dttuan@hotmail.com

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