DOE Jalali

Design of Experiments
‫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬، ‫ﻫﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﻡ ﺩﻝ‬

‫ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬، ‫ﻭ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬
naserjalali@gmail.com www.irantpm.ir ‫ ناصر جاللی‬- ‫ طراحی آزماﯾشھا‬1
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﻼﻟﯽ‬: ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬
www.irantpm.ir
naserjalali@gmail.com
09153163393
‫ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬DOE 1
‫ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‪DOE‬‬
‫‪1-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫‪13‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ) ‪( Workshop‬‬
‫‪Design of Experiments‬‬
‫‪13--‬‬ ‫‪2-‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ؟‬
‫‪3-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪4-‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬
‫‪5-‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪6-‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ؟‬
‫‪7-‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ‪ -‬ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫‪8-‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪9-‬ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪10‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪ -‬ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‪DOE‬‬
‫‪10--‬‬
‫‪12 -‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺁﺯﻣﺎیﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪Minitab‬‬
‫‪naserjalali@gmail.com‬‬ ‫‪www.irantpm.ir‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬طراحی آزماﯾشھا ‪ -‬ناصر جاللی‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬

‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪-‬‬


‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ - ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻳﻔﻳت ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻧﻲ كاھش ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ در اطﺮاف مقــدار‬

‫ھدف اﺳت‬
Product B
Product A
LSL Target USL
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫‪General model of a Process or system‬‬
‫(ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪) Controllable factors‬‬
‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪xp‬‬

‫‪. . .‬‬
‫‪Inputs‬‬ ‫‪Process or System‬‬ ‫‪Output‬‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪. . .‬‬
‫‪z1‬‬ ‫‪z2‬‬ ‫‪zq‬‬
‫‪Un Controllable Factors‬‬
‫( ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ)‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫‪1 -‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ “ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ”‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪2 -‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﭘـﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘـﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔـﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺛﺒﺎﺗﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻞ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻲﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ؟‬
‫؟‬
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‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ Design of Experiments
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬1 -
One Factor At a Time) OFAT)‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬2 -
Design Of Experiments) DOE)‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬3 -
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
One Factor At a Time) OFAT)‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
‫‪1 -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 -‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺭﻭﺵ‪OFAT‬‬
‫‪1 -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜـﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗـﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧـﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 -‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪Coating‬‬ ‫‪Coating‬‬
‫‪uniformity‬‬ ‫‪uniformity‬‬
‫‪A (belt‬‬ ‫‪B (Spray‬‬

‫‪(speed‬‬ ‫‪(volume‬‬
‫)‪(a‬‬ ‫)‪(b‬‬
‫‪Coating‬‬
‫‪uniformity‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫)‪(C‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪DOE‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪DOE‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ‪DOE - Design Of Experiments‬‬
‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Design of Experiments‬‬
‫‪1 -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ( ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ( ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪3 -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻲﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4 -‬ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺑﻲﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
i) Factor A affects location iii) Factor C affects location and dispersion
A1 A2 C1
C2
ii) Factor B affects dispersion iv) Factor D has no affect
B1
D1 = D2
B2
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ؟‬ Design of Experiments
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬
(Problem - Solving Models)‫ـ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬1
(Measurment System Analysis)‫ـ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬2
(Calibration)‫ـ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬3
) (Brain Storming)‫ـ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻫﻨﻲ ) ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬4
(Statistical Process Control)‫ـ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬5
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ؟‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﻣﻴﻨﮓ)‪(PDSA‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫(عمل‪) Action‬‬ ‫(برنامه‪) Plan‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫(بررسي )‬ ‫(اجرا‪) Do‬‬
‫‪Study‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬

‫‪1 -‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪2 -‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ)ﻫﺎﻱ( ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3 -‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪4 -‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪5 -‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪6 -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪7-‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪8 -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪9 -‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪10 -‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺤﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪11 -‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪DOE‬‬
‫‪1-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫‪2-‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ؟‬
‫‪3-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪4-‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ ؟‬
‫‪5-‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪6-‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ؟‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ؟ ﭼﺮﺍ؟‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﺪﻑ‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬

‫‪2 -‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ)ﻫﺎﻱ( ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ؟‬
‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪Response‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫‪3-‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ؟‬
‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟‬
‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟‬
‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟‬
‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪4-‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ) ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻝ ( ﻭ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻫﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻴﻢ ) ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ) ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫(متغيرھاي قابل كنترل ‪) Controllable‬‬

‫‪Factors‬‬
‫‪X1‬‬ ‫‪X2‬‬ ‫‪XP‬‬
‫‪. . . . .‬‬
‫‪Inputs‬‬ ‫‪PROCESS OR SYSTEM Output‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺴﻜﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Chromium‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻴﻮﻡ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗‬
‫‪Bickel‬‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‪⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻣﻲ ‬

‫‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪(Plating Process‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﭙﺮ ﻭ … ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻴﻢ ‪ DOE‬ﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‪= Response‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪5-‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻫﻨﻲ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪16 °c‬‬ ‫‪32 °c‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺭﻭﻛﺶﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪4s‬‬ ‫‪12 s‬‬
‫‪6 -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(Full Factorial design‬‬ ‫‪a .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫)‪(Fractional Factorial design‬‬ ‫‪b .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ × ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ = ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪m‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪n k-q‬‬ ‫=‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪k‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ k‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 0=q‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ‪ (1/2) 2=q‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺴﺮﻱ ‪ 1/4‬ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1=q‬‬

‫‪6-‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫‪1-‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪2-‬ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪3-‬ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ … ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪1-‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻄﺎ‬
‫‪2-‬ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ – ﺫﺍﺗﯽ‬
‫‪3-‬ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪= B‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻥ‪= A‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪16 °c‬‬ ‫‪32 °c‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪4s‬‬ ‫‪12 s‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
‫‪(Data Matrix (randomized‬‬
‫‪Run‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪AB‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬ ‫‪+ 1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬ ‫‪+ 1‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪+ 1‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪+ 1‬‬ ‫‪+ 1‬‬ ‫‪+ 1‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪7-‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪8-‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻗﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪Run‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 0 6 .5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 0 7 .1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 2 4 .0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 1 8 .3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 1 4 .9‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 2 4 .0‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 0 5 .9‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 1 8 .7‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 1 4 .7‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 0 7 .5‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 0 6 .7‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 2 4 .5‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 1 9 .2‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 1 2 .6‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 1 5 .5‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 2 5 .1‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 1 6 .9‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 1 6 .5‬‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1 2 3 .2‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 1 6 .1‬‬

‫‪9-‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪1-9-‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫‪2-9-‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ) ‪ ( half effects‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫‪3-9-‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪٩-١‬‬
‫‪4-9-‬ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺗﻮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺛﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪٩-٢‬‬
‫‪5-9-‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪1-5-9-‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫‪2-5-9-‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ‪( Analysis of Voriance ( ABOVA‬‬
‫‪3-5-9-‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ‪Regression Model‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪Design of Experiments‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ Design of Experiments
‫‪9-‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪6-9-‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ‬
‫‪7-9-‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫‪8-9-‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪6-9‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫∧‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪∆A‬‬ ‫‪∆B‬‬ ‫‪∆AB‬‬

‫(‪y=y+‬‬ ‫(‪)A+‬‬ ‫(‪)B+‬‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‪) AB + ...‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪115‬‬
‫‪115..93‬‬ ‫‪-0 . 4‬‬ ‫‪4 .7‬‬ ‫‪4 .2‬‬
‫∧‬
‫‪y = 115‬‬
‫‪115..93 - 0.4 A + 4.7 B + 4.2 AB‬‬
‫‪(32‬‬
‫)‪32°°F‬‬ ‫)‪(4 S‬‬
‫∧‬ ‫∧‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪y = ? → A = +1‬‬
‫‪+1‬‬ ‫‪, B = -1‬‬ ‫‪→ y = 106.‬‬
‫‪106.73‬‬
‫‪(32‬‬
‫)‪32°°F‬‬ ‫)‪(12 S‬‬
‫∧‬ ‫∧‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫‪y = ? → A = +1‬‬ ‫‪, B = +1‬‬
‫‪+1‬‬ ‫‪→ y = 124.‬‬
‫‪124.33‬‬

‫∧‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﻳﻨﭻ ‪y = 120‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ‬
‫∧‬
‫‪y = 115.‬‬
‫‪115.93 - 0.4 A + 4.7 B + 4.2 AB‬‬
‫‪ → A = +‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫‪+1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(32 °F‬‬
‫‪120 = 115.‬‬
‫‪115.93 -0.4 (+‬‬
‫‪(+11) + 4.65 B + 4.15 (+‬‬
‫‪(+11) B‬‬
‫‪B = 0.51‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪B = +1‬‬
‫‪+1‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪= 12‬‬
‫→ ‪B = 0.51‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪= 10‬‬
‫‪10..04‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪B = -1‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪=4‬‬

‫‪10-‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺤﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪10-‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻭ ﺻﺤﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‪10.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪.04‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪120‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪5‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪32‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺪ‬

‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺪ‬

‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬

‫‪11-‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪11-‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪1 -‬ﻋﺎﺩﺕ‬
‫‪2 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫‪3 -‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬
‫‪4 -‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫‪5 -‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫‪6 -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫‪7 -‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1 -‬ﻋﺎﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ )‪ (DOE‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪DOE‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪OFAT , ...‬‬
‫‪2 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ DOE‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﺒﺨﺶ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ھيچ ﯾـــک از ما بــاھوش تــر از‬
‫ھمه ما نيســـــت‬
‫‪3 -‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‪DOE‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ‪ DOE‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖﺷﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ‪ DOE‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪4 -‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‬
‫ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ DOE‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻﭼﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫‪DOE‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪DOE‬‬

‫‪5 -‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﻬﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ‪ DOE‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪6 -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫‪DOE‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪DOE‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ‬

‫‪7 -‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫؟‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪1 -‬ﺩﺍﮔﻼﺱ ﺳﻲﻣﻮﻧﺘﮕﻮﻣﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﭖ ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫﺭﻣﺎﻩ‪1377‬‬
‫‪2 -‬ﻻﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪١٣٧٩ ،‬‬
‫‪3 . Douglas C. Montgomery, Design and analysis of experiments‬‬
‫‪4 . Douglas J. Wheeler, understanding industrial experimentation,‬‬

‫‪second Editition‬‬
‫‪5 -‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪Version 13.3 , Minitab‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪DOE‬‬

‫‪7-‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ( ﺑﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ)‬

‫‪8-‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪9-‬ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬
‫‪10‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ‪ -‬ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‪DOE‬‬
‫‪10--‬‬

Workshop‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬
Workshop ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬






‫ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‪DOE‬‬
‫) ﺳﻄﺢ ‪( ٣‬‬ ‫) ﺳﻄﺢ ‪( ٢‬‬
‫‪1 -‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪minitab‬‬ ‫‪1 -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ٢‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭ)…‬
‫‪2 -‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪minitab‬‬
‫‪3 -‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‪ option‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‪DOE‬‬ ‫‪2 -‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﺴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪4 -‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ‪ DOE‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪minitab‬‬ ‫‪3 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ‪١‬‬

‫‪4 -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫‪5 -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ‪DOE‬‬
‫‪5 -‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )‪)١‬‬
‫‪6 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )‪) ١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )ﺳﻄﺢ ‪)١‬‬
‫‪6 -‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻣﻦ‬
‫‪7 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )‪) ٢‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )ﺳﻄﺢ ‪)٢‬‬
‫‪7 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ‪٢‬‬
‫‪8 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )‪) ٠‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ )ﺳﻄﺢ ‪)٢‬‬
‫‪8 -‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ‬
‫‪9 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪10 -‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﻛﻮﭼﻲ‬
‫‪11 -‬ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ‪٤‬‬

DOE Jalali

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Design of Experiments

‫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬، ‫ﻫﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﻡ ﺩﻝ‬

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‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬

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‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪-‬‬

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‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻛﻳﻔﻳت ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻧﻲ كاھش ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ در اطﺮاف مقــدار‬

LSL Target USL

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‫‪General model of a Process or system‬‬

‫‪x1‬‬ ‫‪x2‬‬ ‫‪xp‬‬

‫‪Inputs‬‬ ‫‪Process or System‬‬ ‫‪Output‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫‪1 -‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ‬

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‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

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‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻞ‬

‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ Design of Experiments

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺪﺱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬1 -

One Factor At a Time) OFAT)‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬2 -

Design Of Experiments) DOE)‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬3 -

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One Factor At a Time) OFAT)‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬

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‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜـﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗـﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧـﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪A (belt‬‬ ‫‪B (Spray‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Design of Experiments‬‬

‫‪1 -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪2 -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ( ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ( ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪3 -‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻲﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪4 -‬ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﺑﻲﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ DOE‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪11‬‬

ii) Factor B affects dispersion iv) Factor D has no affect

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‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ؟‬ Design of Experiments

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬

(Problem - Solving Models)‫ـ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬1

(Measurment System Analysis)‫ـ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬2

) (Brain Storming)‫ـ ﻃﻮﻓﺎﻥ ﺫﻫﻨﻲ ) ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬4

(Statistical Process Control)‫ـ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬5

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