50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar

wigni 1

gamomcemloba palitra L Tbilisi, 2010

UDC (uak) 821.133.1-31 b-20

`50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar~ es proeqti msoflios araerT qveyanaSia popularuli. sxvadasxva gamokiTxvis saSualebiT, mkiTxveli irCevs 50 saukeTeso wigns msoflio literaturis saganZuridan. saqarTveloSi `kviris palitris~ am proeqts mravali aTasi adamiani gamoexmaura. swored maTi dadgenilia im rCeuli wignebis nusxa, romelic `palitramediam~ realur biblioTekad aqcia. es wigni msoflio literaturis am unikaluri biblioTekis nawilia.

gamomcemloba palitra L, 2010

yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia.

ISSN 1987-9628 ISBN 978-9941-422-52-2

onore de balzaki

Sagrenis tyavi
geronti qiqoZis Targmani

baton savaris, mecnierebaTa akademiis wevrs

Tavi pirveli Tilisma 1829 wlis oqtombris miwuruls erTi axalgazrda kaci pale roialSi Sevida swored im dros, roca samorineebi iReba, Tanaxmad kanonisa, romelic mfarvelobs am arsebiTad dasabegrav adamianur gatacebas. man TiTqmis uyoymanod aiara im samorines kibe, romelic 36 nomriT iyo aRniSnuli. _ batono, Tqveni qudi miboZeT, _ dauZaxa mas mkvaxe xmiT Cia, fermkrTalma berikacma, romelic ijda moajiris iqiT, bnel kuTxeSi, da uceb wamodga, raTa Tavisi ujiSo saxe gamoeCina. roca samorineSi SedixarT, kanoni, uwinares yovlisa, quds garTmevT. ra aris es? saxarebisa da gangebis igavi? Tu es saSualebaa jojoxeTuri xelSekrulebis dadebisa, romelic Tqvengan erTgvar sawindars moiTxovs? an, SeiZleba, qudi imisaTvis unda moixadoT, rom mokrZalebiT moepyroT imaT, vinc fuls mogigebT? an, SeiZleba, policias, romelic sazogadoebis yvela xvrelSi Zvreba, surs Tqveni mequdis an sakuTriv Tqveni saxeli gaigos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven igi waawereT sarCulze? dabolos, isic SeiZleba, rom es Tqveni Tavis qalis gasazomad xdebodes, raTa sagulisxmo statistika Seadginon moTamaSeTa niWsa da tvinis moculobaze. am saganze samorineTa gamgeoba sruliad dums. magram icodeT _ sakmarisia erTi nabiji gadadgaT mwvane maudisaken da araTu Tqveni qudi, Tqveni Tavic aRar gekuTvniT: Tqven mTlianad TamaSSi xarT gadavardnili Tqveni qonebiT, TavsaburaviT, joxiTa da wamosasxamiT. gareT gamosvlis win TamaSi erTgvari moqmedi mkacri epigramis SemweobiT giCvenebT, Tu kidev rames gitovebT Tqveni avladidebidan. esecaa, rom, Tu Tqven axali
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Tavsaburavi gaqvT, iafi dagijdebaT imis gageba, rom moTamaSis Sesaferi tanisamosi unda SeiZinoT. roca axalgazrda kacma Tavisi, cota ar iyos, gacrecili qudis magivrad nomeri miiRo, saxeze gakvirveba gamoexata, rac mis miamitobas mowmobda; xolo Cia berikacma, romelsac, ueWvelia, axalgazrdobidanve guli gahqvaveboda moTamaSeTa mRelvare cxovrebis cqeriT, mas mqrqali da usicocxlo TvaliT Sexeda. am SexedvaSi filosofosi saavadmyofos siduxWiresac dainaxavda, gaZarculi adamianis xetialsac, oqmebsac TavismkvlelTa Sesaxeb, samudamo katorRaSi gagzavnilTa muSaobasac, gvazakoalxoze1 gadasaxlebasac. es mogrZo TeTrsaxiani berikaci, romelic, rogorc etyoboda, mxolod darses* Jelatinis wveniT ikvebeboda, uaRresad gamartivebuli vnebaTaRelvis mkrTal gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda. mis naoWebSi warsul tanjvaTa kvali darCeniliyo. etyoboda, Tavis jamagirs miRebis dResve mwvane magidaze debda. TiTqos maTraxs SeCveuli jaglagi cxeni yofiliyos, mas aRaraferi aRelvebda: igi yovelTvis gulgrilad xvdeboda wagebulTa yru kvnesas, maT usityvo wyevla-krulvas, maT uazro Semoxedvas. igi TviT xorcSesxmuli TamaSi iyo. axalgazrda kacs rom kargad SeeTvalierebina es beCavi cerberi, SeiZleba TavisTvis Caelaparaka, mas gulSi araferi aqvs, garda erTi dasta saTamaSo qaRaldisao. magram ucnobma yuri ar daugdo cocxal rCeva-darigebas, romelic, ueWvelia, gangebas daeyenebina aq, rogorc gulisrevasa da zizRs ayenebs yoveli cudi adgilis SesasvlelSi. ucnobi uyoymanod Sevida darbazSi, sadac oqros wkriali ndomiT acaxcaxebul gonebaze damaTrobel da momxiblav gavlenas axdenda. albaT, am axalgazrda kacs win ubiZgebda Jan-Jak rusos erTi umWevrmetyvelesi frazis logika, romlis sevdiani azri, mgonia, aseTi unda iyos: diax,

1 gvazakoalxo _ meqsikis mdinare, romlis xeobaSi safrangeTis mTavroba samefo xelisuflebis aRdgenis Semdeg asaxlebda damnaSaveebs.

me mesmis, rom kaci saTamaSod midiodes, magram es mxolod im dros unda moxdes, roca Tavis Tavsa da sikvdils Soris igi arafers xedavs, garda Tavisi ukanaskneli xuTfrankianisa. saRamoTi samorineebis poezia, cota ar iyos, mdare xarisxisaa, magram misi gavlena uzrunvelyofilia iseve, rogorc uzrunvelyofilia gavlena sisxliani dramisa. darbazebi savsea mayureblebiTa da moTamaSeebiT, beCavi berikacebiT, romelnic aq gasarTobad mosulan, aRelvebuli saxeebiT, orgiebiT, romelnic RvinoSi dawyebulan da mzad arian, senaSi damTavrdnen. marTalia, aq vnebaTaRelva boboqrobs, magram msaxiobTa simravle xels giSliT pirispir SexedoT TamaSis demons. es saRamo namdvili ansamblia, sadac mTeli dasi yviris, sadac orkestris yoveli sakravi Tavis hangs ukravs. Tqven iq SexvdebiT mraval pativsacem adamians, romelnic gasarTobad mosulan da amisaTvis fuls ixdian, rogorc gadaixdidnen Teatris warmodgenisTvis an piris gemos dasakmayofileblad, an mansardaSi avidodnen, raTa iq iafad eyidaT siyvaruli da mwveli sinanuli, samiode Tvis sagzali. magram gesmiT Tu ara, ra caxcaxiTa da vaJkacuri simtkiciT unda iyos gamsWvaluli adamianis suli, romelic mouTmenlad elis samorinis gaRebas? dilis moTamaSesa da saRamos moTamaSes Soris iseTive gansxvavebaa, rogoric daudevar qmarsa da sayvarels Soris, romelic ibnideba Tavisi mzeTunaxavis fanjris qveS. mxolod diliT mJRavndeba mTrTolare vnebaTaRelva da SemaZrwuneblad gaSiSvlebuli gaWirveba. am dros SegiZliaT namdvili moTamaSis cqeriT datkbeT. mas ar uWamia, ar uZinia, ar ucxovria, ar ufiqria, imdenad mwvaved amaTraxebda wageb-mogebis ormagi Rvedi, imdenad mtanjveli iyo TamaSis qavili. rodis gamova, bolos da bolos, `trant e karant?~1 am dawyevlil saaTSi Tqven SexvdebiT Tvalebs, romelTa simSvide SegaZr-

1 trant e karant _ (fr.) `ocdaaTi da ormoci~, banqos TamaSis erT-erTi saxeoba.

wunebT, saxeebs, romelnic mogajadoeben, gamoxedvas, romelic saTamaSo qaRalds krefs da nTqavs. erTi sityviT, samorineebi mxolod seansis dasawyisSia didebuli. Tu espaneTSi xarebis brZola imarTeba, Tu roms gladiatorebi hyavda, parizi samarTlianad Tavisi pale roialiT amayobs, misi gamaRizianebeli Carxi SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs sisxlis Rvris suraTiT davtkbeT ise, rom fexi ar dagvisxltes gasisxlianebul parterSi. SediT da scadeT Tvali gadaavloT am asparezs... ra sititvlea! kedlebi adamianis simaRleze gaWuWyianebuli qaRaldiTaa dafaruli, zed arc erTi suraTi ar Cans iseTi, rom Tvalma wyali dalios. lursmanic ki arsad arWvia, rom TviTmkvlelobas xeli Seuwyos. iataki gafuWebuli da usufTaoa. darbazis Suaguli mogrZo magidas uWiravs, misi mwvane maudi oqro-vercxls gaucrecia. garSemo imdenad ubralo selis skamebia Camwkrivebuli, rom mnaxveli gakvirvebiT ifiqrebs _ ra gulgrilni unda iyvnen komfortisadmi es adamianebi, romelnic aq Tavs iRupaven swored komfortis da simdidris gulisTviso. es adamianuri winaaRmdegoba Tavs iCens yvelgan, sadac suli Zalovnad moqmedebs Tavis Tavze. Seyvarebuls surs Tavisi satrfo abreSumebSi gaaxvios, rbili aRmosavluri qsovilis naoWebiT dafaros da, umetes SemTxvevaSi, mis sxeuls WuWyian loginze eufleba. pativmoyvare kaci xelisuflebis mwvervalze asvlas ocnebobs da mliqvnelobis talaxSi daxoxavs. vaWari nestiani da usinaTlo duqnis kuTxeSia mikrunCxuli, raTa farTo palati aagos, saidanac mis Svils, mis naklebad Wkuadamjdar memkvidres, RviZli Zma gandevnis auqcionis SemweobiT. bolos, arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaze raime ufro arasasiamovno, vidre siamovnebaTa saxlebia? es ucnauri amocanaa! adamiani mudam Tavis Tavs ewinaaRmdegeba, igi Tavis imedebs atyuebs Tavisi axlandeli ubedurebiT, xolo Tavis ubedurebas _ momavliT, romelic mas ar ekuTvnis, da yovel Tavis moqmedebas meryeobisa da sisustis niSans aWdobs. am qveyanaze araferia srulyofili, garda ubedurebisa.
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roca axalgazrda kaci darbazSi Sevida, iq ukve ramdenime moTamaSe imyofeboda. sami meloti berikaci udardelad ujda mwvanemaudian magidas; maTi saxeebi TiTqos TabaSiridan iyo Camosxmuli. diplomatebis saxeebis msgavsad, gamoxatavdnen ugrZnoblobas, magram, amasTanave _ nayrovan sulsa da TrTolas gadaCveul guls, romelic maSinac ki ar aZgerdeba, roca bedis sasworze colis xeluxlebeli mziTevia dadebuli. axalgazrda SavTmiani da muqmwvanekaniani italieli wynarad dayrdnoboda magidis erT kuTxes da TiTqos yurs ugdebda farul winaTgrZnobas, romelic bediswerasaviT CasCurCulebs moTamaSes: _ ho, _ ara! es samxreTeli Tavi oqrosa da cecxls afrqvevda. Svidi Tu rva mayurebeli fexze idga, rogorc Teatris baqanze, da im scenebs eloda, romelTac maT bedis Carxis triali, msaxiobebis saxeebi, fulis da pawia focxebis moZraoba umzadebda. es usaqmo adamianebi aq usityvod, umoZraod idgnen da iseve yuradRebiT Sescqerodnen mwvane mauds, rogorc parizelebi ucqerian grevis moedans, roca iq jalaTi damnaSaves Tavs hkveTs. maRal, xmel mamakacs, gaxunebul tanisamosSi gamowyobils, erT xelSi reestri eWira, xolo meoreSi _ qinZisTavi, raTa aReniSna ramdenjer wiTeli gamovida da ramdenjer _ Savi. es iyo erTi Tanamedrove tantalosTagani,1 romelic TiTqos Tavisi saukunis siamovnebaTa gareSe cxovrobs, erTi ganZarculi ZunwTagani, romelic fuls Tavis fantaziaSi igebs da agebs. bankis damsmelis pirdapir ori Tu sami gamobrZmedili moTamaSe ijda, Zveli katorRelebis msgavsi, romelTac veraviTari sasjeli veRar SeaSinebs; isini aq mosuliyvnen, raTa riski zomierad gaewiaT da pirveli mogebisTanave amdgariyvnen, radgan mxolod amiT cxovrobdnen. ori xnieri msaxuri udardelad daseirnobda gulxeldakrefili; isini drogamoSvebiT fanjaraSi icqire-

1 tantalosi _ berZnuli miTis mixedviT, zevsma tantaloss aseTi sasjeli ganuCina: mSier-mwyurvals win udgas sasmel-saWmeli, magram vera da ver miswvdenia.

bodnen, TiTqos imisaTvis, rom gamvlel-gamomvlelTaTvis TavianTi brtyeli saxeebi eCvenebinaT plakatis magivrad. is iyo, qaRaldis damrigebelma da bankirma moTamaSeebs mqrqali da momakvdinebeli Tvalebi miapyres da mkveTri xmiT dauZaxes, ganagrZeT TamaSio, da axalgazrda kacma kari SeaRo. dumili TiTqos kidev ufro gaRrmavda da darbazSi myofTa Tavebi cnobismoyvareobis gamo axalmosulisken mobrunda. saocari ram moxda! garindebulma berikacebma, gulqva msaxurebma, mayureblebma, TviT fanatikosma italielma, raRac SeZrwuneba igrZnes ucnobis danaxvaze. adamiani metismetad ubeduri unda iyos, raTa Sebraleba gamoiwvios, an metismetad susti, raTa TanagrZnoba gaaRviZos, an metismetad pirquSi, raTa sulni SeaSfoTos, gansakuTrebiT aseT darbazSi, sadac mwuxareba usityvo unda iyos, ubedureba _ mxiaruli, sasowarkveTileba _ wesieri. hoda, yovelive es Tavmoyrili iyo im axal SegrZnebaSi, romelmac gayinuli gulebi gaalxo axalgazrda ucnobis SesvlisTanave. magram gana, xandaxan jalaTebs ar utiriaT qalwulTa danaxvaze, romelTa qera Tavebi giliotinis qveS unda dayriliyo? pirveli SexedvisTanave moTamaSeebma raRac saSineli saidumloeba amoikiTxes axalmosulis saxeze; misi axalgazrda saxis nakvTebs raRac momxiblavi nisli exvia, misi gamoxedva mravali imedis gamtyunebas, mraval amao cdas mowmobda! TviTmkvlelis pirquSi gulgriloba mis Subls avadmyofur elfers aZlevda, mware Rimili naoWebs qmnida misi piris kuTxeebSi, xolo saxe iseT morCilebas gamoxatavda, rom mis Sexedvaze adamians guli etkineboda. raRac faruli genia ciagebda am danisluli Tvalebis siRrmeSi, romelnic, SeiZleba, siamovnebaTa siWarbiT iyvnen daqanculi. SeiZleba, Rreobam Tavisi WuWyiani daRi daaWdo am keTilSobil saxes, erT dros umwikvlosa da anTebuls, axla ki esoden moTenTils? ueWvelia, eqimebi gulis manks an filtvebis sisustes miawerdnen Tvalis quTuToebze Semovlebul moyviTalo wreebsa da loyebis siwiTles,
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poetebi ki am niSnebSi mecnieruli Sromis mier moxdenil ganadgurebas, sanaTurTan gatarebuli Rameebis kvals dainaxavdnen. magram vnebaTaRelvas ufro momakvdinebels, vidre avadmyofobaa, avadmyofobas ufro ulmobels, vidre swavla da geniaa, Seecvala es axalgazrda Tavi, SeekumSa es cocxali kunTebi, daeqanca es guli, romelsac mxolod odnav Sexebodnen Rreoba, mecnieruli Sroma da avadmyofoba. iseve rogorc katorRelebi xvdebian mokrZalebiT saxelovan damnaSaves, es adamianuri saxis mqone demonebic, gamobrZmedilebi tanjvawvalebaSi, miesalmnen auwerel mwuxarebas, Rrma Wrilobas, romelic maTma Tvalebma gazoma, da am ucnobSi erT-erTi TavianTi mTavari icnes misi didebuli usityvo ironiisa da misi moxdenili, Raribuli tanisamosis mixedviT. axalgazrda kacs kargad Sekerili fraki ecva, magram misi Jileti da yelsaxvevi ise moxerxebulad iyo SeerTebuli, rom Zneli safiqrebelia, mas perangic scmoda. misi xelebi iseTi mSvenieri iyo, TiTqos qalisa yofiliyos, magram sisufTave aklda; ukve mesame dRea xelTaTmani ar hqonia! Tu TviT qaRaldis damrigebeli da msaxurebi SekrTnen, es imitom, rom mis saTuT da naz agebulebaSi, mis qera, Txel, bunebrivad daxuWuWebul TmaSi momxiblavi uzakveloba gamokrToda. igi ocdaxuTi wlisa iqneboda da biwiereba misTvis SemTxveviTi movlena iyo. axalayvavebuli axalgazrda cxovreba aq jer kidev ebrZoda gamanadgurebel, magram uZlur gulisTqmas. aq sinaTle da sibnele, aryofna da arseboba erTmaneTs Sestakeboda, raTa erTdroulad momxiblaoba da saSineleba warmoeSva. axalgazrda kaci aq wardga, rogorc uSaravandedo angelozi, romelsac TiTqos gza ahbneoda. da ai, codvisa da biwierebis yvela es damsaxurebuli ostati, im ukbilo dedabris msgavsad, romelic sibraluliT imsWvaleba garyvnilebis gzaze Semdgari mSvenieri qaliSvilisadmi, mzad iyo daeZaxa axalmosulisaTvis: `wadiT aqedan!~ axalgazrda pirdapir magidasTan mivida, SeCerda da maudze oqros fuli daagdo, romelic Savisaken gagorda; Semdeg,
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rogorc Zlieri sulis adamians Seefereba, yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe, qaRaldis damrigebels gamgmiravi da wynari Tvalebi miapyro. am svlam iseTi interesi gamoiwvia, rom berikacebma araferi dasves; magram italieli vnebiani fanatizmiT CaeWida axal ideas, romelmac mas gauRima, da mTeli Tavisi oqros xvavi ucnobis sawinaaRmdegod dasva. bankirs daaviwyda eTqva es fraza, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi xrinwian da gaugebar Zaxilad gadaiqca: `dasviT! _ ukve dasmulia! _ gaTavda~. damrigebelma qaRaldi gaSala da, Tumca igi gulgrilad ucqeroda wageb-mogebas, TiTqos gamarjveba usurva axalmosuls. yovel damswres surda am oqros fulis bedSi keTilSobiluri cxovrebis drama da ukanaskneli scena daenaxa; maTi gabrwyinebuli Tvalebi misnur qaRaldebs dascqerodnen; magram verc iq, verc ymawvilis ugrZnob da morCil saxeze veraferi amoikiTxes. _ wiTeli, wyvili, pas, _ Tqva oficialuri toniT damrigebelma. italiels mkerdidan erTgvari yru xriali aRmoxda, roca bankirma erTimeoris miyolebiT ramdenime dakecili qaRaldis fuli gadmougdo. ucnobma axalgazrdam ki Tavisi daRupva mxolod maSin gaigo, roca pawia focxi gamoiwia, raTa misi ukanaskneli oqro daeTria. igi spilos Zvals moxvda, daiwkriala da SurduliviT Cqara SeuerTda bankSi daxvavebul oqros. ucnobma wynarad daxuWa Tvalebi, tuCebi gaufiTrda; magram maSinve Tvalebi gaaxila, tuCebi marjnisferi gauxda. man miiRo ingliselis saxe, romlisTvisac araviTari saidumloeba ar arsebobs, da wavida ise, rom nugeSi aravisTvis uTxovia im gulis momkvleli TvalebiT, romlebsac moTamaSeebi xSirad miapyroben xolme mayureblebs. ramdeni ambavi xdeba erT wuTSi, ra didi Zala aqvs erTi kamaTlis gagorebas! _ es ueWvelad misi ukanaskneli tyvia iyo, _ Tqva RimiliT krupiem erTi wuTis dumilis Semdeg, romlis ganmavlobaSi mas oqro cersa da salok TiTebs Sua eWira, raTa damswreTaTvis eCvenebina.
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_ igi ganwirulia, wyalSi gadavardeba, _ upasuxa erTma stumarma da gadaxeda moTamaSeebs, romlebic, TiTqmis uklebliv, erTmaneTs icnobdnen. _ vah! _ wamoiZaxa erTma msaxurma da Tambaqo amoiRo. _ netav, am batonisaTvis migvebaZa, _ Tqva erTma berikacma da Tavis amxanagebs italielze aniSna. yvelam bednier moTamaSes Sexeda, igi mTrTolare xelebiT Tvlida qaRaldis fuls. _ me momesma xma, romelic yurSi CamZaxoda: moigeb, Tu am ymawvilis sasowarkveTilebis winaaRmdeg dasvamo, _ Tqva man. _ igi ar unda iyos moTamaSe, _ dasZina bankirma, _ winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, samad gaanawilebda Tavis fuls, raTa mogebis meti Sansi hqonoda. ymawvili uqudod apirebda gareT gasvlas, magram beberma mekarem SeamCnia am Tavsaburavis beCavi mdgomareoba da usityvod gadasca patrons; am ukanasknelmac, Tavis mxriv, meqanikurad daabruna nomeri da kibeze daeSva; Di tanti palpiti-s1 ustvenda ise, rom Tavad Zlivs esmoda saucxoo melodia. igi male pale roialis TaRebqveS aRmoCnda, sent-onores quCamde mivida, tiulierisken Seuxvia da gaubedavi nabijiT baRi gadaWra. TiTqos udabnoSi midioda, ver xedavda adamianebs, romelnic xvdebodnen an ejaxebodnen. quCis xmaurSi mxolod erTi xma esmoda, sikvdilis xma; bolos igi savsebiT gamaognebel fiqrSi Caeflo, rogorc eflobodnen damnaSaveebi, romelnic sabargo etls marTlmsajulebis palatidan grevis moednisaken mihyavda, eSafotisaken, romelic wiTlad SeRebiliyo 1793 wlis Semdeg daRvrili sisxlis wyalobiT2. aris raRac didi da SemaZrwunebeli TviTmkvlelobaSi.

1 Di tanti palpiti (ital.) _ aria italieli kompozitoris, rosinis, operidan `tankredi~: `rogor Zgers guli!~ 2 igulisxmeba safrangeTis revoluciis dros gamefebuli sastiki terori, romlis sulisCamdgmelni iakobinelebi iyvnen.

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bevria iseTi adamiani, romlis Zirs Camovardna araa saxifaTo, rogorc bavSvisa, romelic iseTi simaRlidan vardeba, rom ar Savdeba; magram didi adamianis daSavebisaTvis saWiroa, igi didi simaRlidan gadmovardes, zecamde iyos asuli, raRac miuwvdomeli samoTxe hqondes danaxuli. Seubralebeli unda iyos qariSxali, romelic adamians aiZulebs sulieri simSvide dambaCis lulas sTxovos. ramdeni axalgazrda niWi Wkneba da iRupeba mansardebSi megobris, nugeSismcemeli qalis uyolobis gamo, milionobiT adamians Soris, oqroTi daRlili da mowyenili brbos Tvalwin! RmerTma icis, TviTmkvlelobasa da ayvavebul imedebs Soris, romelTa xma axalgazrda kacs parizisken mouwodebda, ramdeni ganzraxva, ramdeni daumTavrebeli poeturi nawarmoebi, ramdeni sasowarkveTileba da daxSuli Zaxili, ramdeni unayofo cda da udReuri Sedevri iyo. yoveli TviTmkvleloba melanqoliis amaRlebuli poemaa. sad naxavT, rom literaturis okeaneSi iseTi wigni amotivtivdes, romelic genialobiT Seedreba aseT sagazeTo SeniSvnas: `guSin, oTx saaTze, axalgazrda qali senaSi gadavarda xelovnebaTa xididan~. aseTi parizuli lakonizmis winaSe iCrdileba yovelive, dramebic, romanebic, TviT am Zveleburi wignis saTauric: `moTqma saxelovani kaernavaneli mefisa, romelic misma Svilebma satusaRoSi Caagdes~. esaa dakarguli wignis ukanaskneli kari. misma wakiTxvam bevri atira sterni*, romelmac col-Svili miatova. ucnobs aTasi amgvari azri mosdioda TavSi. es azrebi dafleTil droSebs hgavdnen, romelnic brZolis velze frialeben. Tu igi erTi wuTiT Tavisi azrebisa da mogonebebis tvirTs ixsnida, raTa Seexeda yvavilebisaTvis, romelTac mwvane xaverdze neli qari arwevda, maSin cxovrebis wyurvilis zegavleniT, romelic TviTmkvlelobis mZime ideas ebrZoda, Tvalebs apyrobda zecas; magram lega Rrublebi, mwuxarebiT damZimebuli qaris sisini, SexuTuli haeri xelaxla TviTmkvlelobas urCevdnen. mefis xidisken gaemarTa da Tavisi winamorbedis fantaziebi gaixsena. gae14

cina, roca moagonda, rom lordma kastrifma* Tavisi umdablesi moTxovnileba daikmayofila, sanam yels gamoiRadravda, xolo akademikosma oJem* burnuTi monaxa, raTa gzadagza moewia, roca Tavis mosaklavad midioda. am axirebul adamianTa qcevaze fiqrobda, roca instinqturad xidis moajirs mieyrdno, raTa gza mieca bazridan momavali muSisTvis, romelmac Tavisi tvirTiT saxelo odnav daumtveriana. man gulmodgined gaibertya saxelo. Semdeg TaRis Suaguls miaRwia da pirquSad daacqerda mdinares. _ cudi daria Tavis dasaxrCobad, _ uTxra siciliT ZonZebSi gaxveulma dedaberma, _ sena mRvrie da civia. man upasuxa gulubryvilo RimiliT, romelic misi vaJkacuri gadawyvetilebis sigiJes mowmobda; magram tanSi Jruantelma dauara, roca Soridan tiulieris navsadguris TavSi xis fanCaturi dainaxa erTi wyrTis sigrZis asoebiT: `wyalSi CacvenilTa daxmareba~. man warmoidgina am dawesebulebis meTauri, b-ni daSe*, aRsavse kacTmoyvareobiT. igi Tavis koxta niCbebs swevda zeviT da anavardebda, raTa TavSi Caekra morevSi CacvenilTaTvis, Tu isini, saubedurod, amotivtivdebodnen; ai, b-ni daSe ukan axevinebs cnobismoyvareebs, eZebs eqims, amzadebs Sesakmevs; ai, Jurnalistebi samZimris sityvebs Txzaven qeifis Semdeg, moRimari da mocekvave qalebis sazogadoebaSi; ai, senis prefeqti menaveebs vercxlis fuls uTvlis misi gvamis wylidan amoRebisTvis. sikvdilis Semdeg igi ormocdaaTi franki Rirebula, sicocxleSi ki niWier kacs warmoadgenda, arc mfarveli hyolia, arc megobrebi, moklebuli iyo Calis leibsac da sareklamo dafdafis xmasac, namdvili socialuri nuli iyo, gamousadegari saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sruliadac ar itkivebda Tavs misTvis. dRisiT sikvdili uRirsad eCvena da gadawyvita, RamiT momkvdariyo, raTa Tavisi usaxelo da gamoucnobi gvami gadaeca im sazogadoebisaTvis, romelic ar cnobda misi sicocxlis sidiades. gza ganagrZo da volteris sanapirosken gaemarTa, amasTanave, iseTi saxe miiRo, TiTqos udardeli da usaqmo adamiani yofiliyo da drois mokvla ndomeboda.
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sanapiro quCis kuTxeSi misi yuradReba galavanze gamofenilma Zvelma wignebma miipyro; cota daaklda, kinaRam gamyidvels SeevaWra. saxeze mware sicilma gaurbina, filosofiurad jibeebSi xelebi Caiwyo da gzis gagrZelebas apirebda, rom uceb saxtad darCa: jibidan fulis fantastikuri wkriali moesma. misi saxe imedis Rimilma gaanaTa, Tvalebi gaubrwyinda, Subli gaexsna, loyebi Seefakla. es imedis naperwkali im cecxls hgavda, romelic erTxel gadaurbens damwvari qaRaldis furcels; misi saxe xelaxla nacrisferi gaxda, roca jibidan xeli amoiRo da sami spilenZis fuli dainaxa. _ ah! Cemo gulkeTilo batono, la carita! La carita! Catarina!1 erTi groSi gviboZeT puris sayidlad! am kacs ukanasknel groSs sTxovda buxris mwmendeli biWi, romlis saxe da ZonZebiT dafaruli tani WvartliT iyo gamuruli. buxris mwmendeli biWidan oriode nabijze beberma maTxovarma, romelsac morcxvi, avadmyofi, tanjuli adamianis saxe hqonda da dafleTili Sali exura, dabali, yru xmiT uTxra: _ batono, momeciT, rac SegiZliaT, RvTis gulisaTvis... magram roca axalgazrda kacma moxucs Sexeda, am ukanasknelma xma Caikminda, SeiZleba imitom, rom am usicocxlo saxeze ufro mZafri gaWirvebis niSani dainaxa, vidre misi, sakuTari iyo. _ La carita! La carita! man Tavisi spilenZis fuli gadaugdo biWsa da moxucs da sanapiros qvafenilidan saxlebisken ibruna piri, radgan senis cqeras veRar itanda. _ RmerTs SevevedrebiT, raTa dRegrZeloba moganiWos, _ uTxres maTxovrebma. roca graviurebis erT savaWros miaRwia, am TiTqmis micvalebul adamians axalgazrda qali Sexvda: brwyinvale etlidan gadmodioda. aRtacebiT daacqerda am momajadoebel pirovneLa carita! La carita! Catarina! _ `moiReT mowyaleba! mowyaleba! wm. ekaterines gulisaTvis!~ (ital.).
1

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bas, romlis TeTri saxe harmoniulad iyo garemoculi moxdenili qudis atlasiT. vaJi moxibla qalis moqnilma tanma, lamazma moZraobam. etlidan Camosvlis dros kaba odnav aiwia da fexi gamoaCina, misi natifi konturebi naTlad gamoixata TeTr, saluq windebSi. axalgazrda qali maRaziaSi Sevida da albomebi da liTografiebis koleqciebi gadmoaRebina, zogi ram iyida da ramdenime oqro gadaixada. fulma gaanaTa da daiwkriala daxlze. axalgazrda kacma, romelic TiTqos gareT gamofenili graviurebis daTvalierebiT iyo gatacebuli, mSvenier ucnobs gamgmiravi TvaliT Sexeda da, samagierod, erTi is uzrunveli Sexedva miiRo, romliTac qali SemTxveviT gamvlels ajildoebs xolme. vaJis mxriv, es niSnavda gamoTxovebas siyvarulTan da qalTan! magram es ukanaskneli, Zalovani SekiTxva ver gauges, man ver aaRelva udardeli qalis guli, ver gaawiTla, Tvalebi ver daaxrevina. ra iyo es am qalisTvis? erTi zedmeti aRtaceba, erTi mis mier STagonebuli survili, romelic saRamoTi siamovnebiT aTqmevinebda: `ho, dRes sandomiani viyavi!~ axalgazrda kacma saCqarod meore fanjrisken gadainacvla da ukan ar mouxedavs, roca ucnobi qali etlSi jdeboda. cxenebi daiZrnen, fufunebisa da silazaTis am ukanasknel suraTs bindi gadaefara, iseve, rogorc efareboda mis sicocxles. igi melanqoliuri nabijiT gauyva gzas maRaziebis gaswvriv; gamofenili saqonlis nimuSebs uinteresod ucqeroda. roca savaWroebis rigi dasrulda, luvris, institutis, RvTismSoblis taZris koSkebis, marTlmsajulebis palatis, xelovnebaTa xidis daTvalierebas Seudga. es Zeglebi sevdianad gamoiyurebodnen, cis nacrisfer tonebs Sexamebodnen; es moRuSuli ca raRac mrisxane gamometyvelebas aniWebda parizs, romelic, lamazi qalis msgavsad, gaugebar kaprizebs eqvemdebareba, xan maxinjia da xan mSvenieri. amrigad, TiTqos TviT buneba awyobda SeTqmulebas, raTa es momakvdavi adamiani gulistkivilis eqstazs moecva. igi im mavne Zalas daepyro, romelic adamians
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TiTqos arRvevs nervebis nakadis SemweobiT. igi grZnobda, rom misi sxeuli SeumCnevlad siTxis mdgomareobas uaxlovdeboda. am sulTmobrZaobis tanjva iseT moZraobas aniWebda, TiTqos igi talRa iyo, xolo Senobebi, adamianebi, sagnebi nislSi iyvnen gaxveuli da irweodnen. undoda Tavi daeRwia gaRizianebisaTvis, romelsac masze fizikuri buneba axdenda, da antikvariatis maRaziisken Seuxvia im ganzraxviT, rom Tavisi grZnobebi esazrdoebina da daRamebamde dro gaetarebina mxatvruli nivTebiT vaWrobaze. es, ase vTqvaT, is gamamxnevebeli da gulis momcemi sasmeli iqneboda, romelsac eSafotze mimavali damnaSaveebi Txouloben, roca TavianTi Zalis imedi ara aqvT; magram moaxloebuli sikvdilis Segnebam am ymawvils erTi wuTiT iseTive TviTrwmena mianiWa, rogoric aqvs hercogis meuRles, roca mas ori sayvareli hyavs. maRaziaSi udardeli saxiT Sevida; saxeze SezarxoSebuli adamianis Rimili uTamaSebda; da marTlac, gana igi sicocxliT an, SeiZleba, sikvdiliT mTvrali ar iyo? uceb xelaxla Tavbru daexva; sagnebi ucnaurad Seferadebuli warmoudgnen. isini wynarad irxeodnen. amis mizezi, ueWvelia, misi sisxlis uwesrigo moZraoba iyo. es sisxli xan CuxCuxebda CanCqeriviT, xan mdore da neli xdeboda Tbili wyaliviT. maRaziaSi Sesvlisas ganacxada, mxolod sawyobis daTvaliereba minda, raTa gavigo, xom araferia iq Cemi gemovnebis Sesaferio. axalgazrda saxegafurCqnilma da loyawiTelma noqarma, romelsac qera Tma hqonda da wavis qudi exura, maRaziis Tvalyuris devneba beber glexis qals, erTgvar mdedrobiTi sqesis kalibans1, miando, romelic wmendda buxars _ bernar palisis* geniis nawarmoebs, Semdeg ucnobs uzrunveli toniT mimarTa: _ daaTvaliereT, batono, daaTvaliereT!.. qveviT Cven mxolod Cveulebrivi nivTebi gvaqvs, magram, Tu zeda sarTulze
1

kalibani _ Seqspiris piesis `qariSxlis~ personaJi, naxevrad adamiani, naxevrad mxeci.

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abrZanebas inebebT, SemiZlia mSvenieri mumiebi gaCvenoT, kairodan Camotanili, mravali mooWvili WurWeli, ramdenime Savi xis CuqurTma _ namdvili renesansi. yovelive es am cota xnis winaT miviReT, yvelaferi namdvilad mSvenieria. saSinel mdgomareobaSi, romelSic ucnobi imyofeboda, am CiCerones ybedoba, es suleluri vaWruli frazebi mas im wvrilman abezrobad eCveneboda, romlis SemweobiT gonebaSezRuduli adamianebi klaven genioss. gadawyvita, Tavisi jvari bolomde ezida. iseTi saxe miiRo, TiTqos yuradRebiT usmenda Tavis winamZRols da an xelis moZraobiT, an erTmarcvliani sityvebiT upasuxebda mis kiTxvebs; magram SeumCnevlad dadumebis ufleba moipova da uSiSrad mieca Tavis ukanasknel SemaZrwunebel fiqrebs. igi poeti iyo da misma sulma anazdeulad uxvi sakvebi ipova. mas naadrevad aTasi msoflios sasaflao unda daenaxa. Tvalis pirvel gadavlebaze sawyobebi bundovan suraTad eCvena, sadac adamianuri da RvTaebrivi qmnilebani erTmaneTSi areuliyo; CaliT gatenili niangebi, maimunebi, gvelebis fitulebi ucinodnen eklesiis moxatul minebs, TiTqos gamoqandakebuli saxeebis kbenas, galaquli nivTebis gamodevnebas an WaRebze acocebas apirebdnen. sevris larnaki, romelzec qalbatonma Jakotom* napoleoni daxata, moTavsebuli iyo faraon sezostrisisadmi1 Sewiruli sfinqsis gverdiT. samyaros dasawyisi da guSindeli ambebi axirebuli gulubryvilobiT iyo SeuRlebuli. Samfuri taZris kidobanze ido, respublikuri xmali _ saSualo saukuneebis SaSxanaze. qalbatoni diubari*, romelic laturs* pasteliT daexata, varskvlaviT Tavze, gatitvlebuli da RrublebSi gaxveuli, gulisTqmiT ucqeroda indur Cibuxs da cdilobda gaego, ra sargebloba mohqonda mis gveliviT daklaknil xveulebs. sikvdilis iaraRebi, maxvilebi, xanjlebi, ucnauri dambaCebi erT xrovad eyara sicocxlis iaraRebTan, faifuris jamebTan, saqsonur TefSebTan, gamWvirvale Cinur fi1

faraoni sezostrisi _ igive ramzes II (Zv.w. 1300-1230).

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alebTan, antikur samarileebTan, feodalur TasebTan. spilos Zvlis xomaldi afragaSlili micuravda uZravi kus zurgze. pnevmaturi manqana Tvalis davsebas upirebda mefurad SeuSfoTebel imperator avgusts. ramdenime frangi qalaqis mouravi da ramdenime holandieli burgomistri, romelnic aqac, suraTebze, iseTive ugrZnobelni Candnen, rogoric sicocxleSi iyvnen, civi da amoRamebuli TvalebiT zemodan dascqerodnen am siZveleTa qaoss. TiTqos dedamiwis yovel kuTxes aq Tavisi sibrZnis raime natexi, Tavisi xelovnebis raime nimuSi moetana. es erTgvari filosofiuri sasuqi iyo, romelsac araferi aklda, arc veluris avgarozi, arc haramxanis movarayebuli mwvane qoSebi, arc mavruli iatagani1, arc TaTruli kerpi. aq moipoveboda yvelaferi: jariskacis qisac, mRvdlis barZim-feSxumic, taxtis baliSic. sxivis aTasnairi TamaSi, sinaTlisa da sibnelis mZafri Widili kidev ufro ucnaurs xdida am zRaprul sanaxaobas. TiTqos yurs Sewyvetili Zaxili esmoda, suli daumTavrebel dramebs grZnobda, Tvali naxevrad Camqral sinaTles xedavda. bolos, Seupovar mtvers msubuqi leCaqi gadaefarebina am sagnebze da maTi mravalferadi kuTxeebi, maTi xveulebi uaRresad mxatvrul STabeWdilebas axdendnen. ucnobma Tavdapirvelad es sami darbazi, savse civilizaciiT, kultebiT, RmerTebiT, SedevrebiT, samefoebiT, RreobiT, gonierebiTa da sigiJiT, Seadara mravalwaxnagovan sarkes, romlis TiToeul waxnagSi mTeli samyaro isaxeba. am bundovani STabeWdilebis Semdeg mas undoda arCeul sagnebze SeCerebuliyo siyvaruliT; magram Zaldatanebulma cqeram, fiqrma, ocnebam gaaZliera cieb-cxelebis caxcaxi, romelic, SeiZleba, Signeulobis mRrRneli SimSilobiTac iyo gamowveuli. am uamravma nacionalurma Tu individualurma arsebam, romelTa mowmobas es adamianuri sabuTebi warmoadgendnen, sabolood gaarinda ymawvili kaci; survili, romelmac maRaziaSi moiyvana, asrul1

iatagani _ aRmosavluri mokle maxvili, moxrili da orlesuli.

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da: igi gamovida realuri cxovrebidan, safexurebiT avida idealur qveyanaSi, miaRwia aRfrTovanebis mojadoebul palatebs, saidanac samyaro Semusvrili eCvena cecxlis xazebSi, rogorc erT dros alsa da kvamlSi Seblardnilma momavalma cxovrebam patmosze1 Tvalwin gauara ioane maxarobels. mis Tvalwin mwuxare, sandomiani an SemaZrwunebeli, bneli an naTeli, Soreuli an axlobeli saxeebi aRimarTnen. isini mTel masebs, miriadebs, Taobebs warmoadgendnen. udabnoebis qviSidan aRdga gaqvavebuli, Sveti, idumali egvipte. igi warmodgenili iyo Sav artaxebSi gaxveuli mumiis saxiT. Semdeg modiodnen faraonebi, romelnic mTel xalxs asamarebdnen, raTa TavianTi sasaflao aegoT; Semdeg kidev _ mose, ebraelebi, udabno; da igi Wvretda mTel antikur da zviad qveyanas. kvarcxlbekze marmarilos wyaljavariani da momxiblavi qandakeba idga. misi mwyazari saxe saberZneTisa da ioniis2 vnebian miTebs mouTxrobda. ah, vin ar gaicinebda iseve, rogorc man gaicina, roca etruskuli Tixis larnakis wiTel fonze Savgvremani axalgazrda qali dainaxa, romelic cekvavda RmerTis, priapis3 winaSe da mas mxiaruli saxiT salams uZRvnida? iqve, axlos, laTinTa dedofali siyvaruliT elaciceboda Tavis qimeras! aq imperatorTa romis sunTqva ismoda, ocnebaSi isaxeboda nebieri, mibnedili iulias* abano, sareceli, tansacmeli. es qali TiTqos Tavis tibuls* eloda. ciceronis Tavi, aRWurvili arabuli Tilismebis ZaliT, Tavisufali romis mogonebebs iwvevda da titus liviusis* furclebs Slida. axalgazrda kaci TiTqos romis senatsa da xalxs ucqeroda. mis Tvalwin, sizmris nisliani saxeebis msgavsad, neli na1

patmosi _ kunZuli egeosis zRvaSi, sadac ioane maxarobelma momavlis gamocxadeba ixila da aRwera (cnobilia ioanes gamocxadebis, anu apokalifsis saxelwodebiT). 2 ionia _ mcire aziis dasavleTi sanapiro, Zveli berZnuli tomebiT (gansakuTrebiT ionielTa) mier dasaxlebuli. 3 priapi _ berZnul miTologiaSi nayofierebisa da xorcieli siyvarulis RmerTi, dionisesa da afrodites vaJi.

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sarCevi Tavi pirveli Tilisma ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Tavi meore ugulo qali----------------------------------------------------------- 82 Tavi mesame sulTmobrZaoba--------------------------------------------------- 184 epilogi----------------------------------------------------------- 264 SeniSvnebi--------------------------------------------------------- 266

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50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar

`kviris palitris~ biblioTeka

wigni 1
redaqtori maia aludauri koreqtorebi: natalia CimakaZe marina inaniSvili kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa giorgi asaTiani ydis dizaini eTer gziriSvili proeqtis menejeri TinaTin asaTiani

gamomcemloba palitra L, 2010 misamarTi: iosebiZis q. 49, tel.: 38-38-71 E-mail: book@palitra.ge www.50.kvirispalitra.ge
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male gamova:

jek londoni martin ideni

SoTa rusTaveli vefxistyaosani

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