_ Advanced “ / Language re — Beere —— 44-Ny o> WUKKALE sey 2 CF! Oyj acon eee wr ~~ Heinemann mbessaree etn SRE sri sees OXFORD MADRID FLORENCE ATHENS PRAGUE SAO PAULO MEXICO CITY CHICAGO PORTSMOUTH (NH) ‘TOKYO SINGAPORE KUALALUMPUR MELBOURNE AUCKLAND JOHANNESBURG IBADAN GABORONE. ISBN0435241249 with key (043524125 7 without key (© Michael Vinee 199¢ ‘Firetpubliched 1994 Allsights reserved: no pao his publication may be feproduced,storedin arcrival system transnitaed inany form, orby any means, electronic, hwocopying coring or therwis,wihous the aloe wren permision of te publishers. Theater woulda dankeveyone vhost comments 09 this book, apd i parcculr my ‘Sito Xanthe Sur Taylor and Sue Jones Many ‘thanks also to collegues and seudentsin Athens at ‘TheBriish Council Teaching Centre, at CELT ‘Athens, andat Profile, Athens. “The publichere would like tothank Tony Triges (Original design by Mike Brain lesteted by: Rowen Barnes Marphy (916 1271213) EdMeLachlan(p5, 11, 16,22 52,68, 70,99, 103,112,134) ‘David Parkins (p3, 10, 12,37, 45,51, 73, 125, 40,148) Bill Sexe (p 40,4675, 83,98, 110) Printed and bousd in Gres: Brtan bythe Bath Pre 96 97 98 1098765Contents Introduction viii Grammar Unit 4 Tense consolidation: present time 1 Present simple and present continuous ‘1 facts, habits, sates, temporary actions, actions happening athe moment of speaking State verbs and event (action or dynamic) verbs 1 «sate verbs normally without a continuous form 1 difference of meanin Other uses of present continuous 2 ‘etemporary or epeated actions ‘complains abourbad habits verbs describing change and development Other uses of present simple 2 ‘making declarations, headlines, instractions sndiineravics «ssummaries of events histori present ative and active Unit 2 Tense consolidation: future time 7 Will, Going to, present continuous: basic contrasts 7 «will predictive will assumption, immediate derision 1 be going to:iatentionsand plans, preseat cause + present continuous: fixed arangements speaker preference Future continuous 7 ‘ean event happening ata future point ‘evens which wil hppen‘anyway” * politeness + fixed arrangements and plans Future perfect 8 «time which we look back at from a forore point assumption Other ways of referring to the furure 8 siufareta be, be about, beon the point of, be dneto ‘present simple in furure time clases {present perfect when the completion of anevent is ephassed « presentsimplefor fixed events ntsimply the wishes ‘ofthe speaker Other furure references 9 hope, verbs of thinking, shall Unit 3 Tense consolidation: past time 14 Pastsimple and past continuous 14 «past simple: completed actions, habits, states ome «post continuous: temporary ation, interrupted sions, ‘backround description, changing sates, repeated ‘snotused wo describe habitual actions Past perfect simple and continuous 14 s pastpefectense: events in the patbefore otber ventsinthepast, + pustperfectcontiouous contrast as between past simpleand past continuous indicecepecch Used to and would 15 + weed to: contat with the present negative form, nopresenttime reference 1 sould repeated ations not states contrasted with sed tocontexs of use Unfulfilled pastevenss 15 20s going to, wes thinking of wet about, teastohave done Polite forms 16 with wonder Contrasts with present perfect + ee Unit) Unreal time + (4 Unite and for past tense forme used to express unreal ime} Unit 4 Tense consolidation: present perfect 20 Present perfect simple 20 se recentevents without a definite time reference, indefinite events, ndefinie events with an obvious result inthe present, astatelasting up tothe present ababinal action ina period of ime upto the present ‘contrasts with pat simple, speaker choice Present perfect continuous 20 + sotate lasting upto the present moment an incomplete sctviy, to emphasize duration, recent fished activity, a repeated activity «contrasts with present pero simple choice of verb, completion and ncompletion Time expressions with present perfect 21 ‘contrast wth past simple may depend on choice oftime expression sometime expressions are net associated with paciculartense Unit 5 PROGRESS TEST 25 Unit 6 Passive 1 30 Basic uses 30 «transitive and intransitive, agent and instrument, verbs ‘with wo object, verbs with object and complement, translation, tenses