VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON Te Whare Wananga o te Upoko o te Ika a Maui

SCHOOL OF LINGUISTICS AND APPLIED LANGUAGE STUDIES

LING 211 Introduction to Linguistics 2011 Assignment 2: Phonology

Question 1:
jmosivin I am licking jmotin they will lick si grunt net we should go seno shout urse hole sino drum wt holiday simur whisper otu little topen hit use there tve old siurn salt tuin I kill table 1

[s]

[t]

a _ a _ u o

i e e i e i

o e a o _ _ _

a _ _ u o a u

a. According to the data given above, The condition factor for [s]and[t]being allophones of the same phoneme is as we can see in the table 1 above is: [s] Is always found before front vowels /i /or /e/, while [t] is found before back vowels a, /u/, /o /or if it is at the end of the word. Please see (Denham,2010 page 83)

b. label for the phonemes is /s/ is voiceless alveolar fricative and /t / is voiceless alveolar stop. They both share the same place of articulation, but adapt different manner of articulation. (see Denham,2010 page 81 table 3.3). the transcription for the words meaning 'grunt' and 'old' in Papua New Guinea is as follows: grunt will be / si/ old will be / tv/

jmotin they will lick si grunt net we should go seno shout urse hole sino drum wt holiday simur whisper otu little topen hit use there tve old siurn salt tuin I kill

Question 2:
a. Phonetic context in which nasal devoicing according to the data given occurs is : Normally all languages with nasals have voiced nasals as indicated by (Fromkin,2009 see page 223). Bantu language fall under the few exceptions where nasal both voiced and voiceless nasal exist. The data shows that voiced [ m],[n], and [] becomes devoiced when followed by voiceless oral aspirated [p][t][k] all of which are stops. In other words we can say that devoicing Occurs, when voiced nasal is followed by voiceless oral aspirated stops. b. Voiced nasal {voiceless oral aspirated stop}

c. Kishamba has voiceless aspirated which appears as a combination of voiced nasal and aspirated stop producing one sound. Voiceless unasperited