Dynamics II

Dr. Jorge A. Olrtegui Yume, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS Lecture No. 2

Mechanical Engineering School National University of Trujillo

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM
Spring Elements
Linear Mass and Damping negligible Restoring Force opossed to deformation Assume : x1 > x2

Fext
Fext Fint

Fint
Internal (Restoring)

Fint

Fext

External (Deforming)

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM
Spring Elements
Free Body Diagrams (FBDs)
Strectching (Coming out) Shrinking (Coming in)

Spring FBD

Fs Lf Fs Lf Fs x x

FBD of Body attached to spring

Fs
Stretching

Lo Lo

W N

Fs

(Coming out)

Spring Force

Potential Energy stored in spring

Shrinking

Fs kx

1 2 E pot kx 2
W

Fs : Spring Force (in N) Epot : Potential Energy (in J) x : Spring elongation (in m) k : Spring Constant or Stiffness (in N/m)
Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

Fs
(Coming in)

N
Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM
Spring Combinations In Parallel

keq

Equivalent spring can replace original system All elongations are equal

st 1 2

Forces in each spring are different

F1 k11 F1 k1 st
Equilibrium

F2 k2 2 F2 k2 st

W F1 F2 k11 k2 2 keq st F1 F2 k1 st k2 st
Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

keq k1 k2
Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM
Spring Combinations In Series

keq

Equivalent spring can replace original system Total elongation is summation of elongations

st 1 2

Forces in each spring are equal because of equilibrium W st 1 2 F1 k11 W k21 k1 1

W F1 F2
1 1 1 keq k1 k 2

F2 k2 2 W k2 2
Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

W 2 k2

W W W keq k1 k 2

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM
Spring Combinations in general
In Parallel

1 2 ... n eq

Fs1 Fs 2 ...Fsn Fseq k11 k2 2 ...kn n keq eq

keq k1 k2 ... kn
Special case k1 k2 ...kn k

keq nk

In Series

1 2 ... n eq

Fs1 Fs 2 Fsn Fseq ... k1 k2 kn keq

1 1 1 1 ... keq k1 k2 kn

Special case n2 Special case

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

keq
k n

k1k 2 k1 k 2

k1 k2 ...kn k

keq

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

Solution:

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Springs in parallel and series:

Example: Find the equivalent stiffness k of the following system diameter d = 2 cm

k1
m k3

k2
m k5 k3 k4

k1+k2+k5

k4

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

Solution:

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

k1+k2+k5
m m

k1+k2+k5 m

k3
k4

k3 k4 1 1 k3 k4 k3 k4 kk keq k1 k2 k5 3 4 k3 k 4

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Your turn !!!

Exercise:
Determine the equivalent spring constant of the system shown

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

10

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM Solution:

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

11

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Masa suspendida al final de una viga en voladizo (Flexin):

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

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Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

Masa suspendida al final de una barra (Torsin):

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

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Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Constantes de Rigidez para otros Tipos Elementos Simples (Ejemplo)

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

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Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Example: The figure shows the suspension system of a freight truck with a parallel spring arrangement . Find the equivalent spring constant of the suspension if each of the three helical springs is made of steel (G=80x109 N/m2) and has five effective turns, mean coil diameter D =20 cm, and wire diameter d = 2 cm

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

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Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

Ejemplo: Determine the torsional spring constant of the steel propeller shaft shown

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Solution:

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

16

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A VIBRATING SYSTEM

Solution: (contd)

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS FUNDAMENTALS

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

17

Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BASIC:
Thomson, W.T., Dahleh, M.D., 1997, Teoria de Vibraciones con Aplicaciones, Prentice Hall Iberoamericana, 5ta Edicin, Mxico. Inman, D., 2007, Engineering Vibration, Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition, USA. Moore, H., 2008, Matlab for Engineers, Prentice Hall, 2nd Edition, USA.

ADDITIONAL:

Balachandran, B., Magrab, E., 2006, Vibraciones, Thomson, 5ta Edicin, Mxico Rao, S.S., 2004, Mechanical Vibrations, Ed. Prentice Hall, 4th Edition, USA.

SPECIALIZED:

Hartog, D., 1974, Mecnica de las Vibraciones, Cecsa, Mexico. Harris, C., Piersol, A., 2001, Harris Shock and Vibration Handbook, McGraw Hill Professional, 5th Edition. USA.

Mech. Vibrations Fundamentals

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Dr. Jorge A. Olortegui Yume, Ph.D.