Cairn Energy India Limited

UPHEAVAL BUCKLING CALCULATIONS

JP Kenny

CLIENT Cairn Energy India Limited JOB NO. 52893.03 .

SUBJECT 24" Crude Oil Pipeline
DOC NO. 05 2893 - 03 - P - 2 005 REV NO. 1 .
Rev PRPD BY PDoc 24/04/2007 CHKD BY GMurdoch 27/04/07 APP'D BY P Doc 05/05/07
1 11.1mm wall PDoc 17/05/2007 CHKD BY Jt Chohan21/05/07 APP'D BY P Doc 21/05/07
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The aim of this calculation is to determine the downforce required on the pipeline to prevent upheaval
buckling as a result of axial compression.

2.0 METHOD
The required downforce is calculated using an equation developed by Ellinas and Palmer (Ref 1).
The required downforce is dependant on the axial force which is calculated in the the Thermal
Expansion Calc Sheet.

An imperfection height of 0.2m is introduced to allow for changes of gradient in the trench.

3.0 INPUT DATA

The input data for this calculation has come from:
Reference 1: ASME B 31.4 and OISD - STD - 141

Reference 2: Refer to Wall thickness Report 052893-03-P-3-020 and Calcs 002 to 010

Reference 3: API 5L X65 Line Pipe

4.0 CALCULATIONS
4.1 Input Data
Max. Operating Pressure P = 9.0 MPa = 90 barg
Nom. Outside Diameter D = 0.6096 m = 24 in
Pipe Material API 5L X65
Specified Min. Yield Strength SMYS = 448 MPa
Wall Thickness wt = 0.011 mm = 11.1 mm

Depth of Cover h = 1 m
Modulus of Elasticity E = 2.06E+11 Pa = 206,000 MPa
Density of Steel ρs = 76,420 N/m 3
= 7790 kg/m3
Density of Soil ρg = 14,862 N/m3 = 1515 kg/m3
Density of Contents ρi = 890 kg/m3

Uplift Co-efficient Uc = 0.2 (Ref 1)

Imperfection Height Hi = 0.2 m
Total Axial Force Fa = 4,639,987 N (from Longitudinal Stress Calc)
from 052893-03-P-2-010

03-P-2-005 Rev 01 - 24 inch Crude Oil Buckling.xls Self Check...........................

21/05/2007 Page 1 of 3 Date...........................

 Cairn Energy India Limited
UPHEAVAL BUCKLING CALCULATIONS
JP Kenny
4.2 Longitudinal Stress - Restrained Pipeline
Cross-sectional Area of Steel Axs = pi()/4*(D^2-(D-2*wt)^2)
= 0.021 m2

Cross-sectional Area of Internals Axi = pi()*(D-2*wt)^2

4
= 0.271 m2

Weight of Soil above pipe Wg = ρg*h*D

= 9,060 N/m

Weight of Steel Ws = ρs*Axs

= 1,595 N/m

Weight of Contents Wi = ρo*Axi

= 241 N/m

Pipeline Weight Wc = W s+W i

= 1,836 N/m

Moment of inertia I = pi()*wt*(D/2)^3

= 9.87E-04 m4

Step 1 za = 4.76*(E*I*W c/Hi)^0.5

Fa
= 1.402

Step 2 zb = (Hi*W/(E*I))^0.5
= 0.001

Required downforce Lr = (1.16-za)*Fa*zb

= -1,508 N/m

Soil Uplift Resistance Ur = ρg*h*D*(1+(Uc*h/D))

= 12,032 N/m

Total Download Ld = Ur+W c

= 13,869 N/m

5.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

The following table summarises the calculation results:

Variable Unit Calculated

Download Required N/m -1,508
Total Download (soil + pipe) N/m 13,869
As the Total download is greater than the Required download, upheaval buckling will not occur.

Note we have not included the insulation in this calculation as it would only improve the
situation making the area of ground at the buckle greater thus increasing the downward
load by having a greater area thus larger soil loads

03-P-2-005 Rev 01 - 24 inch Crude Oil Buckling.xls Self Check...........................

21/05/2007 Page 2 of 3 Date...........................