BSC3120 Nokia GSM/EDGE BSS, Rel. BSS12, System Documentation, v.

Adaptive Multi Rate Codec System Feature Description

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Adaptive Multi Rate Codec System Feature Description

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nokia Siemens Networks customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be used, reproduced, modified or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks. The documentation has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation. The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products are given as is and all liability arising in connection with such hardware or software products shall be defined conclusively and finally in a separate agreement between Nokia Siemens Networks and the customer. However, Nokia Siemens Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Siemens Networks will, if deemed necessary by Nokia Siemens Networks, explain issues which may not be covered by the document. Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NO EVENT WILL NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY LOSSES, SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY OR DATA, THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION IN IT. This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights and other intellectual property rights according to the applicable laws. The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG. Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only. Copyright Nokia Siemens Networks 2008. All rights reserved.

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Contents

Contents
Contents 3 Summary of changes 5 1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 Adaptive Multi Rate Codec 7 Link adaptation 12 Channel allocation 14 System impact of Adaptive Multi Rate Codec 17 Requirements 17 Impact on transmission 20 Impact on BSS performance 20 User interface 21 BSC MMI 21 BTS MMI 21 BSC parameters 21 Alarms 24 Measurements and counters 24 Impact on Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) 31 Impact on NetAct products 31 Impact on interfaces 31 Impact on mobile terminals 32 Interworking with other features 32 Implementing Adaptive Multi Rate Codec 35 Activating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec 35 Deactivating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec 38

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Summary of changes

Summary of changes

Changes between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all changes made to previous issues. Changes made between issues 5-2 and 5-1 Changes made between issues 5-2 and 5-1 lists the main changes made to the document after the Nokia GSM/EDGE BSS, Rel. BSS12, System Documentation, v.5 release. The following changes have been made:
.

Information on Radio Link Timeout for AMR HR added to sections Adaptive Multi Rate Codec and System impact of Adaptive Multi Rate Codec.

Changes made between issues 5-1 and 5-0 Changes made between issues 5-2 and 5-1 lists the main changes made to the document after the Nokia GSM/EDGE BSS, Rel. BSS12, System Documentation pilot release. The following changes have been made:
.

The parameters related to Load Based AMR Packing have been added to section System impact of Adaptive Multi Rate Codec. Handover Measurement counters 004205 and 004206 have been added.

Changes made between issues 5-0 and 4-0 Section System impact of Adaptive Multi Rate Codec has been updated with the following information:
.

impact on transmission with new BSC variants 107 AMR RX Quality Measurement interworking with Single Antenna Interference Cancellation

Section Activating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec has been restructured.

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Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

The Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) codec, standardised for GSM during 19981999, optimises speech quality in various radio channel conditions by adapting its bit rate allocation between speech and channel coding. This provides the next step in the improvement of speech quality in GSM after the introduction of the Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) codec in 1996, the first codec to provide wireline speech quality. The AMR codec brings further quality enhancements, especially in terms of high error robustness in the full rate channel. It also provides the first codec with quality comparable to wireline for the half rate channel in good channel conditions. All previous GSM codecs operate with fixed partitioning between speech and channel coding (error protection) bit rates. These bit rates have been chosen as compromises between performance in error-free and high-error channels. The AMR codec operates in either the GSM full or half rate channel and selects the optimum bit rate trade-off between speech and channel coding, according to the channel quality, to deliver the best possible overall speech quality. To achieve overall good speech quality, the quality degradation caused by speech coding and the errors engendered by the transmission channel have to be carefully balanced. AMR is a technology that enables operators smoothly and cost-efficiently to add voice capacity in their networks. In the Nokia AMR solution, this requires only a software upgrade. AMR is one of the voice capacity enhancement technologies (the others are: half rate, frequency hopping, intelligent frequency hopping, further development of handover algorithm). AMR consists of eight different speech codec modes with a total of 14 channel codec modes (see Table Channel and speech codec modes available for AMR). All the speech codecs are defined for the full rate channel, while the six lowest ones are defined for the half rate channel. The net bit rate is 0.10 kbit/s (in-band channel). The channel coding bit rate (in-band) is 0.30 kbit/s.

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Table 1. Channel mode

Channel and speech codec modes available for AMR Channel codec mode Source coding bit Channel coding rate, speech bit rate, speech

TCH/FR

CH0-FS CH1-FS CH2-FS CH3-FS CH4-FS CH5-FS CH6-FS CH7-FS

12.20kbit/s (GSMEFR) 10.20 kbit/s 7.95 kbit/s 7.40 kbit/s (IS-641) 6.70 kbit/s 5.90 kbit/s 5.15 kbit/s 4.75 kbit/s

10.20 kbit/s 12.20 kbit/s 14.45 kbit/s 15.00 kbit/s 15.70 kbit/s 16.50 kbit/s 17.25 kbit/s 17.65 kbit/s 3.25 kbit/s 3.80 kbit/s 4.50 kbit/s 5.30 kbit/s 6.05 kbit/s 6.45 kbit/s

TCH/HR

CH8-HS CH9-HS CH10-HS CH11-HS CH12-HS CH13-HS

7.95 kbit/s(*) 7.40 kbit/s (IS-641) 6.70 kbit/s 5.90 kbit/s 5.15 kbit/s 4.75 kbit/s

(*) Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU. Therefore it is not seen as a feasible codec mode and is not supported by Nokia BSS. A mobile station must implement all the codec modes. However, the network can support any combination of them. Each codec mode provides a different level of error protection through a different distribution between speech and channel coding. The link adaptation process measures the channel quality. Depending on the quality and possible network constraints (for example network load), mode adaptation selects the optimal speech and channel codecs. The mobile station (MS) and the base transceiver station (BTS) both perform channel quality estimation for their own receive paths. Based on the channel quality measurements, the MS sends a Codec Mode Request (Mode requested to be used in the downlink) to the BTS. This signalling is sent in-band, along with the speech data. The in-band signalling has been designed to allow fast adaptation to rapid channel variations.

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Codec mode adaptation for AMR is based on received channel quality estimation in both MS and BTS, followed by a decision on the most appropriate speech and channel codec mode to apply at a given time. In high-error conditions more bits are used for error correction to obtain error robust coding, while in good transmission conditions a lower amount of bits are needed for sufficient error protection and more bits can therefore be allocated for the source coding. An in-band signalling channel is defined for AMR that enables the MS and the BTS to exchange messages on applied or requested speech and channel codec modes. The selected speech codec mode mentioned above is then sent to the transmitting side by using the in-band signalling channel, where it is applied for the other link. The BTS commands the MS to apply a particular speech codec mode in the uplink by Codec Mode Command. The MS sends a Codec Mode Request (Mode requested to be used in the downlink) to the BTS. The BTS has an option to override the MS' request. The codec mode in the uplink may be different from the one used in the downlink, but the channel mode (full rate or half rate) must be the same. Mobile stations must support all speech codec modes, although only a set of up to 4 speech codec modes is used during a call. BSC supports all of speech codec modes, except 7.95 kbit/s on HR channel, and it has one default set for each channel mode. The default codec sets also include a default set of decision thresholds and hysteresis. The initial codec mode and codec set with thresholds and hysteresis are transferred between network elements and MS by using the existing layer 3 signalling. Only a few add-ons are needed. EFR, AMR FR, and AMR HR are application software in the BSC. You can use either AMR FR, AMR HR, or both. AMR HR requires a valid licence in the BSC. For more information, see BSS Licensing.

Benefits of Adaptive Multi Rate Codec GSM speech codecs (full rate - FR, half rate - HR and enhanced full rate EFR) operate at a fixed coding rate. The channel protection (against errors) is also added at a fixed rate. The coding rates are chosen as a compromise between the best clear channel performance and robustness to channel errors.

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The AMR system exploits the implied performance compromises by adapting the speech and channel coding rates according to the quality of the radio channel. This gives better and clearer channel quality and better robustness to errors. These benefits are realised regardless of whether operating in full rate or half rate channels. Example Consider the situation where the mobile is in a zone of the cell border where you have a bad C/I (for example 7dB). With EFR you have a degradation of the quality of the speech due to interference. With AMR, however, similar quality can be achieved with a reduced number of speech coded bits which allows more bits to be used for error protection and correction (see Figure ETSI Mean Opinion Score test results for current EFR/FR and AMR FR). Together with quality improvements, the need to enhance capacity by allocating half rate channels to some or all mobiles in the network is also recognised. The radio resource algorithm, enhanced to support AMR operation, allocates a half rate or full rate channel according to channel quality and the traffic load on the cell to obtain the best balance between quality and capacity. Example Increase in capacity: in normal C/I condition two voice channels can use a single timeslot in the case of AMR HR with little or no compromise in voice quality compared to EFR (see Figure ETSI Mean Opinion Score test results for current EFR/FR and AMR FR). Optimal interworking with power control and handover algorithms together with enhanced quality measurements (FER Measurement feature) provides full benefits and interworking with prior Nokia capacity features including Intelligent Frequency Hopping (IFH).

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AMR Full Rate performance compared to Full Rate EFR in Clean Speech MOS (Mean Opinion Score) 5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

EFR AMR FR

1.0 No Errors

16 dB C/I

13 dB C/I

10 dB C/I

7 dB C/I

4 dB C/I

AMR Half Rate performance compared to Full Rate in Clean Speech MOS (Mean Opinion Score) 5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

FR AMR HR

1.0 No Errors

19 dB C/I

16 dB C/I

13 dB C/I

10 dB C/I

7 dB C/I

4 dB C/I

Figure 1.

ETSI Mean Opinion Score test results for current EFR/FR and AMR FR

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1.1

Link adaptation
Link adaptation is the capacity of AMR feature to vary the codec used according to the link conditions. Both networks, for uplink, and MS, for downlink, measure the radio conditions in each link and decide which codec to apply to each way. Two different types of link adaptation algorithms are defined: codec mode adaptation and channel mode adaptation. The channel mode adaptation algorithm decides whether speech can be handled by a full rate channel or by a half rate channel according to the link conditions, whereas for the channel selected, the codec mode adaptation algorithm decides which codec is the one that provides the best speech quality for the current radio conditions. Because each codec has a different channel protection and speech encoding performance, the idea of the codec mode adaptation is to select the codec that provides the best speech quality for the radio conditions that the receivers are submitted to. Codec mode adaptation There are two link adaptation (LA) modes; the standardised fast LA and the Nokia-proprietary slow LA. Fast LA BTS allows in-band codec mode changes on every other TCH frame, but in Nokia proprietary slow LA BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on SACCH frame interval. The choice of the LA mode is done on BSC-basis with the parameter Slow Amr La Enabled: if it is set to N (default), fast LA is used; if it is set to Y, Nokia slow LA is used. With slow LA, BTS allows in-band codec mode changes only on the SACCH frame interval of 480 ms and this option gives better flexibility with HO and PC algorithms. During both LA modes, the BTS indicates the first and the last used codec during the last measurement interval and the average quality. The BTS commands the MS to apply a particular speech codec mode in the uplink connection, but the MS can only request the BTS to apply a particular speech codec mode downlink, because the BTS has an option to override the MS's request (see Figure AMR Link Adaptation). The codec mode bit rate, that is, the bit rate partitioning between the speech and channel coding for a given channel mode, may be varied rapidly (see Figure Example of AMR Codec mode link adaptation). The codec mode can be switched one up or one down at the time so that it is not possible to switch from the mode 12.2 kbit/s to 4.75 kbit/s when for example the modes 5.9 kbit/s and 7.4 kbit/s are included to the mode set. Also, it should be noted that codec changes do not take place immediately after the Codec Mode Command/Request is sent: there is a delay until a frame is received with the new codec.

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Codec mode adaptation operates independently on the uplink and downlink. It is transparent to the channel allocation and operates without of it. Control depends mainly on measurements of the quality of the respective links. Channel mode adaptation The channel mode (FR or HR) is switched to achieve the optimum balance between speech quality and capacity enhancements. The uplink and downlink use the same channel mode. The channel mode is selected by the network based on measurements of the quality of the uplink and downlink.

MS

BTS

UL channel quality 16 or 8 kbit/s DL codec UL adaptation DL adaptation

DL channel quality

UL codec command

DL codec

Figure 2.

AMR link adaptation

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C/I C/I 30

EFR operation

AMR mode AMR

25

12.2 kbit/s

20

7.95 kbit/s

15

6.70 kbit/s 5.90 kbit/s

10

0 0 5 10 15 Time[s] 20 25 30

Figure 3.

Example of AMR Codec mode link adaptation

1.2

Channel allocation
HR and EFR principles are applied with one exception: an AMR call may be started in full rate channel in a new cell. It depends on the parameter Initial AMR Channel Rate which has a default value Any Rate. This value means that the chosen channel rate is defined by taking into account the currently used information (Channel Type IE, resource situation on radio interface, circuit pool, current channel rate, HO parameters). The other option is AMR FR which means that full rate channel is allocated despite the values of the currently used information. If AMR FR codec is not present in the Channel Type element or it cannot be allocated (for example AMR FR set is disabled in the target cell), allocation continues

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with the currently used information. The parameter is valid in call setup (except in FACCH call setup), internal inter cell handover and external handover. The reason for this parameter is that quality may not be sufficient for HR AMR call setup (radio measurement is done on SDCCH). With the use of the TRP parameter, you can direct AMR calls primarily to non-BCCH TRX and non-AMR calls primarily to BCCH TRX. Load Based AMR Packing The robustness of AMR speech codecs makes it possible for AMR calls to survive worse radio conditions than non-AMR calls. Therefore, half rate can be used in AMR calls more frequently than for non-AMR calls. This is enabled by using licence-controlled AMR-specific parameters for configuring load-based channel rate control. Radio Link Timeout Parameter for AMR HR Separate radio link timeouts for AMR FR and HR can be defined with the help of the new licence-controlled AMR HR Radio Link Timeout parameter. The existing AMR Radio Link Timeout parameter is used for AMR FR calls. This makes it possible to use AMR more efficiently especially if AMR is the only codec that is used in the network. Related topics
.

Enhanced Speech Codecs: AMR and EFR in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation Activating and Testing BSS10004: AMR in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation

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System impact of Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

The system impact of Adaptive Multi Rate speech codec (AMR) is specified in the sections below. For an overview, see Adaptive Multi Rate Codec. For implementation instructions, see Activating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec. AMR HR, Load Based AMR Packing, and Radio Link Timeout Parameter for AMR HR are application software products and require valid licences in the BSC.

2.1

Requirements
Hardware requirements

Table 2.

Required additional or alternative hardware or firmware

Network element HW/FW required

BSC BTS TCSM SGSN No requirements No requirements TCSM2 or TCSM3i required. No requirements

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Software requirements

Table 3.

Required software

Network element Software release required

BSC S10 All Nokia BSCs and TCSM2/TCSM3i with software version S10 onwards have full AMR support, except 7.95 kbit/s on HR channel. Nokia Flexi EDGE BTSs Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTSs Nokia MetroSite EDGE BTSs Nokia 2nd Gen. BTSs Nokia Talk-family BTSs EP1.0 CX3.0 or later CXM3.0 or later Not supported DF6 Nokia Talk-family BTSs have AMR support for FR modes 4.75, 5.9, 7.4, and 12.2 as well as for HR modes 4.75, 5.9, and 7.4 with software version DF6.0 onwards. With this approach, the link adaptation between full scale of FR modes and almost full scale of HR can be achieved.

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Table 3.

Required software (cont.)

Network element Software release required

Nokia PrimeSite BTSs DF6 Frequency Hopping is removed if AMR is implemented. Nokia PrimeSite BTS AMR support is similar to that of Nokia Talkfamily BTS. Due to the limited DSP processor/ memory capacity the frequency hopping functionality is removed from PrimeSite BTSs to enable this SW modification. This means that the last PrimeSite SW release supporting frequency hopping is DF5.0. Nokia InSite BTSs MSC Nokia NetAct NetAct Planner SGSN Not supported M10 OSS3.1 5.0 No requirements

Table Required software shows the earliest version that supports AMR. Frequency band support The BSC supports AMR on the following frequency bands:
.

GSM 800 GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900

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2.2

Impact on transmission
Table 4. Maximum number of TRXs in different BSC types with AMR FR and AMR HR TRXs with AMR TRXs with FR AMR HR
512 660 1000 2000 256 330 500 1000

BSC
BSC2i BSC3i 660 BSC3i 1000 BSC3i 2000

2.3

Impact on BSS performance

OMU signalling No impact. TRX signalling The use of AMR HR adds to TRX signalling, compared to the use of AMR FR. This may require increasing the speed of the TRXSIG link from 16 kbit/ s to 32 kbit/s. Impact on BSC units

Table 5. BSC unit

OMU MCMU BCSU PCU

Impact of AMR on BSC units Impact

No impact No impact No impact No impact

Impact on BTS units No impact on BTS units.

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2.4
2.4.1

User interface
BSC MMI
The following command groups and MML commands are used to handle AMR:
.

Parameter Handling (WO) Base Transceiver Handling in BSC (EQ) Transceiver Handling (ER) Base Station Controller Parameter Handling in BSC (EE) Handover Control Parameter Handling (EH) Power Control Parameter Handling (EU) Adjacent Cell Handling (EA) Transcoder Configuration (WG) Licence and Feature Handling (W7)

For more information, see the MML Command Reference Manuals in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation.

2.4.2

BTS MMI
AMR cannot be managed with BTS MMI.

2.4.3

BSC parameters
FIFILE parameters
.

AMR_CODEC_USED (for AMR FR)

For more information on FIFILE parameters, see PRFILE and FIFILE Parameter List in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. BSC radio network object parameters
.

TCH In Handover AMR Configuration In Handovers

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AMR Set Grades Enabled Initial AMR Channel Rate Lower Limit For FR TCH Resources Upper Limit For FR TCH Resources AMR Lower Limit For FR Resources AMR Upper Limit For FR Resources Slow AMR LA Enabled TCH Rate Internal Handover

BTS radio network object parameters

.

AMR FR Codec Mode Set AMR HR Codec Mode Set

SEG-specific BTS radio network object parameters

.

TCH Rate Intra-Cell Handover Lower Limit For FR TCH Resources Upper Limit For FR TCH Resources AMR Lower Limit For SEG FR Resources AMR Upper Limit For SEG FR Resources AMR Radio Link Timeout AMR HR Radio Link Timeout

Transceiver radio network object parameters

.

TRX Half Rate Support

Handover control radio network object parameters

.

Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR FR Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR HR Threshold DL Rx Qual AMR FR Threshold UL Rx Qual AMR FR

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Threshold DL Rx Qual AMR HR Threshold UL Rx Qual AMR HR

Note
In Nokia NetAct, the parameters Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR FR and Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR HR are BTS radio network object parameters.

Power control radio network object parameters

.

PC Lower Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR FR PC Upper Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR FR PC Lower Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR HR PC Upper Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR HR PC Lower Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR FR PC Upper Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR FR PC Lower Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR HR PC Upper Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR HR

Note
In Nokia NetAct, the power control parameters are BTS radio network object parameters.

Adjacent GSM cell radio network object parameters

.

AMR Target Cell Of Direct Access To Desired Layer Applied

Transcoder Configuration
.

tc_pcm pool

For more information on radio network parameters, see BSS Radio Network Parameter Dictionary in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation.

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2.4.4

Alarms
There are no AMR-specific alarms in BSC.

2.4.5

Measurements and counters

The following measurements and counters are related to AMR. 1 Traffic Measurement

Table 6. Name

Counters of Traffic Measurement Number

001109 001110 001113 001116 001117 001182 001183 001184 001185 001186 001187 001188

FULL TCH SEIZ SPEECH VER 2 FULL TCH SEIZ SPEECH VER 3 HALF TCH SEIZ SPEECH VER 3 FULL TCH SEIZ INT HO CH RATE HALF TCH SEIZ INT HO CH RATE FULL TCH SEIZ INTRA AMR HO HALF TCH SEIZ INTRA AMR HO TCH CALL REQ FOR AMR SUCCESSFUL AMR CODEC SET DOWNGRADES UNSUCCESSFUL AMR CODEC SET DOWNGRADES SUCCESSFUL AMR CODEC SET UPGRADES UNSUCCESSFUL AMR CODEC SET UPGRADES

For more information, see Counters/Performance Indicators: 1 Traffic Measurement in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. 4 Handover Measurement

Table 7. Name

Counters of Handover Measurement Number

004142 004143 004205 004206

HO ATT FOR AMR TO HR HO ATT FOR AMR TO FR HO SUCCEEDED FOR AMR TO HR HO SUCCEEDED FOR AMR TO FR

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For more information, see Counters/Performance Indicators: 4 Handover Measurement in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. 14 RX Quality Statistics Measurement

Table 8. Name

Counters of RX Quality Statistics Measurement Number

014021 014022

AMR FR CODEC MODE 1 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR CODEC MODE 1 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0

This is repeated for each mode up to mode 4 (mode 1 rxq0-rxq7, mode 2 rxq0-rxq7, mode 3 rxq1-rxq7, mode 4 rxq1-rxq7).
Name
AMR HR CODEC MODE 1 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR HR CODEC MODE 1 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0

Number
014085 014086

This is repeated for each mode up to mode 4 (mode 1 rxq0-rxq7, mode 2 rxq0-rxq7, mode 3 rxq1-rxq7, mode 4 rxq1-rxq7).
Name
AMR CODEC MODE SETS

Number
014149

If the AMR codec mode set varies in the network, the counters of 107 AMR RX Quality Measurement are used. For more information, see Counters/Performance Indicators: 14 RX Quality Statistics Measurement in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation.

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21 Radio Measurement Report

Table 9. Name
AMR UL 1 AMR DL 1 AMR UL 2 AMR DL 2 ... AMR UL 31 AMR DL 31 AMR UL 32 AMR DL 32

Counters of Radio Measurement Report Number

0210800 0210801 0210805 0210806 ... 0210950 0210951 0210955 0210956

For more information, see Counters/Performance Indicators: 21 Radio Measurement Report in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. 51 BSC Level Clear Code (PM) Measurement

Table 10. Name

Counters of BSC Level Clear Code (PM) Measurement Number

051133 051134

INTRA HO TO AMR HR INTRA HO TO AMR FR

For more information, see Counters/Performance Indicators: 51 BSC Level Clear Code (PM) Measurement in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. 107 AMR RX Quality Measurement

Table 11. Name

BTS ID TRX ID

Counters of AMR RX Quality Measurement Number

107000 107001 107002

ID OF FREQUENCY GROUP

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Table 11. Name

Counters of AMR RX Quality Measurement (cont.) Number

107003 107004 107005 107006 ... 107019 107020 107021 107022 ... 107035 107036 107037 107038 ... 107051 107052 107053 107054 ... 107067 107068 107069 107070 ... 107083 107084 107085 107086 ... 107099 107100

TRX FREQUENCY RX TRX IN EXT AREA AMR FR 4.75 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 4.75 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 5.15 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 5.15 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 5.90 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 5.90 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 6.70 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 6.70 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 7.40 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 7.40 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 7.95 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 7.95 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 7.95 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 7.95 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7

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Table 11. Name

Counters of AMR RX Quality Measurement (cont.) Number

107101 107102 ... 107115 107116 107117 107118 ... 107131 107132 107133 107134 ... 107147 107148 107149 107150 ... 107163 107164 107165 107166 ... 107179 107180 107181 107182 ... 107195 107196 107197 107198

AMR FR 10.2 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 10.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 10.2 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 10.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 12.2 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR FR 12.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR FR 12.2 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR FR 12.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 4.75 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR HR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR HR 4.75 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 5.15 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR HR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR HR 5.15 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 5.90 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR HR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR HR 5.90 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 6.70 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR HR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... AMR HR 6.70 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 7.40 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 AMR HR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0

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Table 11. Name

...

Counters of AMR RX Quality Measurement (cont.) Number

... 107211 107212 107213 ... 107220 107221 ... 107228 107229 ... 107236 107237 ... 107244 107245 ... 107252 107253 ... 107260 107261 ... 107268

AMR HR 7.40 ON UPLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 AMR HR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 7.95 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 7.95 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR FR 10.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 10.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7

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Table 11. Name

Counters of AMR RX Quality Measurement (cont.) Number

107269 ... 107276 107277 ... 107284 107285 ... 107292 107293 ... 107300 107301 ... 107308 107309 ... 107316

SAIC AMR FR 12.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR FR 12.2 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR HR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR HR 4.75 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR HR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR HR 5.15 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR HR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR HR 5.90 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR HR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR HR 6.70 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7 SAIC AMR HR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 0 ... SAIC AMR HR 7.40 ON DOWNLINK DIRECTION WITH RXQUAL 7

For more information, see Counters/Performance Indicators: 107 AMR RX Quality Measurement in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation.

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2.5

Impact on Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

Information on AMR codec is delivered on the A interface. An AMRsupporting pool must be in use on the A interface. For more information, see Feature 901: Enhanced A-interface Circuit Allocation in MSC documentation.

2.6

Impact on NetAct products

NetAct Administrator No impact. NetAct Monitor No impact. NetAct Planner Utilisation of AMR can be modeled in GSM simulations in NetAct Planner. For more information, see Planner documentation. NetAct Radio Access Configurator NetAct Radio Access Configurator (RAC) can be used to configure radio network parameters related to AMR. For more information, see BSS RNW Parameters and Implementing Parameter Plans in NetAct documentation. NetAct Reporter NetAct Reporter can be used to create reports from measurements related to AMR. NetAct Tracing No impact.

2.7

Impact on interfaces
Impact on radio interface No impact.

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Adaptive Multi Rate Codec System Feature Description

Impact on Abis interface AMR codec information is delivered in the CHANNEL ACTIVATION and MODE MODIFY messages. Impact on A interface Information on AMR codec is delivered on the A interface. An AMRsupporting pool must be in use on the A interface.

2.8

Impact on mobile terminals

An AMR supporting MS is required.

2.9

Interworking with other features

Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band (DADL/B) To support the 2nd generation BTSs in the AMR environment, DADL/B is used to hand over AMR calls to co-located AMR capable cells during the call set-up phase. Both intra-BSC and inter-BSC DADL/B handovers are possible and preferably inside one frequency band as the failure probability is higher with DADL/B handovers between bands. The figure below shows an example of DADL/B.

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1) DADL/B used to direct AMR mobiles to AMR capable cells

2nd gen BTS SDCCH 2nd gen BTS UltraSite (co-located) TCH 2) Prioritisation of AMR capable cells in handovers

Figure 4.

DADL/B and prioritisation

The relationship between TCH assignment and DADL/B handover start:

.

If there are no TCHs available in the accessed cell when an AMR call is attempted, Directed Retry due to congestion, with or without queuing, is made. If there are TCHs available in the accessed cell and there are adjacent cells defined as DADL/B handover target cells with the parameter AMR Target Cell of Direct Access to Desired Layer, the DADL/B handover is applied. Adjacent cells are not verified according to the MS capabilities (single band, dual band, or triband), but they have to fulfill the current signal level requirements to be considered as a target cell for DADL/B handover. The current method for sorting the target adjacent cells is used. If no DADL/B handover target cells are defined, the TCH is allocated from the accessed cell and another speech codec than AMR is chosen.

Enhanced TRX priorisation With the use of TRX Priority In TCH Allocation parameter, you can direct AMR calls primarily to non-BCCH TRX and non-AMR calls primarily to BCCH TRX.

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Adaptive Multi Rate Codec System Feature Description

Common BCCH and Multi BCF In segment environment, if the AMR codec set of the BCCH BTS of the cell is enabled or disabled, it must also be enabled or disabled in the other BTSs of that cell. The AMR FR and AMR HR codec sets can be disabled or enabled separately. For more information, see Common BCCH and Multi BCF in Nokia BSC/ TCSM Product Documentation. Intelligent Frequency Hopping and Intelligent Underlay-Overlay The AMR-specific good and bad C/I thresholds are specified for the HR and AMR FR:
.

super reuse good C/I threshold for AMR HR super reuse bad C/I threshold for AMR HR super reuse good C/I threshold for AMR FR super reuse bad C/I threshold for AMR FR

Current Nx and Px values of C/I thresholds are in use. The new threshold values for the AMR HR also serve the basic HR. The current good and bad threshold pair (super reuse good C/I threshold and super reuse bad C/I threshold) serves the basic FR. With the new thresholds you can control which type of speech calls are preferred to enter the super layer cells. For example, AMR HR calls can be packed to the super layer in order to increase the capacity of regular layer cells (good value for AMR HR - 5 dB compared to the current value and good value for AMR FR + 5 dB, for example). Satellite Abis AMR FR is supported with Satellite Abis, but AMR HR is not. Single Antenna Interference Cancellation When Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) is used in the network together with AMR, the SAIC-specific counters are updated in AMR RX Quality Measurement.

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3
3.1

Implementing Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

Activating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec
Before you start Make sure of the following before activating AMR: 1. Hardware is correctly installed and the A and Abis interfaces are created as instructed in BSS Integration in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. HR channels are created to the cells that are used for testing AMR HR. For more information on HR channel creation and activation, see Activating and Testing BSS6115: Half Rate in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. 3. 4. A licence covering AMR HR is installed. The MSC supports AMR and an AMR-supporting pool is in use on the A interface. For more information on implementing AMR in Nokia MSC, see Feature 901: Enhanced A-interface Circuit Allocation feature activation in Nokia MSC/HLR Product Documentation.

2.

Testing AMR requires an MSC, BSC, TCSM, BTS, and two MSs.

Note
If the BTS does not support AMR, the FACCH call set-up with AMR will fail.

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Steps
1. Change the AMR-specific control parameter AMR_CODEC_USED to 'ON' (WOA). Activate AMR HR (W7M, EQY). Modify the speech circuits. After activating the feature, you need to create an AMR pool. You can either create a new A interface pool for AMR or modify an existing pool to support AMR. For more information, see instructions in BSS Integration, Creating the A interface, sections: Creating the transcoder devices/Creating the TCSM2 or Creating the TCSM3i, Creating the speech channels, and Modifying speech circuits in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation. You must change the type of the first TC-PCM from FR to AMR. There are two alternative ways to do this: you can remove and add the speech circuits during the modification or the speech circuits can be transferred automatically during the modification. The second way is simpler in the sense that it contains fewer MMI commands than the first one.

2. 3.

Note
The modification is possible only between types that use the same number of bits in the Ater interface. In other words, the submultiplexing scheme must be the same for the current and the new pool.

Choose one of the following: . Remove and add speech circuits during modification a. Remove the speech circuits of the first TC-PCM from the circuit group that contains circuits of the FR pool (CEC, RCR). b. Modify the TC-PCM type (WGM). c. Restart the TCSM unit (USU). d. Add the speech circuits to the circuit group that contains circuits of the AMR pool (RCA, CEC). . Modify circuits with automatic circuit transfer

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a. b. c. d. 4.

Block the speech circuits of the TC-PCM (CEC). Modify the TC-PCM type (WGM). Restart the TCSM unit (USU). Unblock the speech circuits of the TC-PCM (CEC).

Configure the BTS to have both HR and FR timeslots (ERS, ERM).

Note
Do not use DR timeslots.

5.

Lock all HR timeslots in the TRX (ERS) and make a call with an AMR mobile.
Expected outcome

The AMR FR call is successful. 6. Unlock all HR timeslots and lock all FR timeslots in the TRX (ERS) and make a call with an AMR mobile.
Expected outcome

The AMR HR call is successful. 7. Create and start a measurement to confirm a successful call; optional (TPM, TPS). In the case of AMR FR, the related BTS-specific counter of traffic measurement is 001110 FULL TCH SEIZ SPEECH VER 3. In the case of AMR HR, the counter is 001113 HALF TCH SEIZ SPEECH VER 3. Further information
.

Adaptive Multi Rate Codec Deactivating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

Activating and Testing BSS10004: AMR in Nokia BSC/TCSM Product Documentation.

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3.2

Deactivating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec

Purpose If the AMR-capable pool is no longer needed, remove it as instructed in BSS Integration, section Creating the A interface, but in the reverse order. Alternatively, you can modify the AMR pool as instructed in Activating Adaptive Multi Rate Codec. Telecom support for AMR is switched off with the feature-specific control parameters. The parameters become valid after five minutes, therefore a five-minute delay is needed before testing the deactivation.

Steps
1. 2. Switch off the AMR_CODEC_USED parameter (WOA). Deactivate the AMR HR (EQY, W7M).

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