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Are modified twigs adapted primarily for reproduction, which ultimately forms the fruit and the seed.
Stigma slightly enlarged tip of the style on which pollen is deposited at pollination Style a long and thin filament that serves as a passageway for pollen grains to move from the stigma to the ovary Ovary a swollen basal part of a pistil which carries the ovule or eggs (yellow); where fertilized eggs develop
CARPEL (Gynoecium) The female reproductive part of a flower. It is collectively known as the Pistil.
Unfused Carpels
If a gynoecium has multiple carpels fused (connate) into a single structure, it is syncarpous.
Anther where pollens are formed Filament a stalk holding the pollen at its tip
Petal (corolla) the innermost whorl surrounding the flowers reproductive parts. It is usually brightly colored to attract pollinators Sepal (calyx ) usually a green leaf-like structure that forms the outermost floral whorl; it protects the inner parts of the flower before it opens.
FLORAL STALK
Receptacle (torus) thickened part of a stem from which the flower grows Peduncle a stalk supporting the flower
Color
Odor
Parts Present
Complete Flowers flowers are said to be complete when the four main parts (petal, sepal, stamen and carpel) are present Incomplete Flower flowers are incomplete when one or more of the main parts are not present
Sexuality
Flowers with both stamen and carpel are called Perfect Flowers. These flowers can also be called bisexual or hermaphroditic flowers. Flowers that have only either stamen or carpel are called Imperfect Flowers. This flowers can also be called Unisexual flowers. An imperfect flower with only the carpel or pistil is called Pistillate flower. One with the stamen only is a Staminate flower.
Perfect Flower
Pistillate flower
Staminate flower
Staminate flower
Pistillate flower
Nature of flowers
Flowers are Regular when the members of each set of organs (sepals, petals, stamen and carpels) are of the same size and shape Flowers are Irregular when some members of one or more sets of organs are different in size or shape or both.
Bleeding heart (Dicentra Spectabilis)
Regular flower
Members of each set of organs are of the same size and shape
Upper Lip
Lower Lip
Lip or Labellum Also a petal but with different shape and size
Cattleya (Cattleya sp.)
Fusion of flowers
Connation when like parts are fused or united
Fused petals forming a cone Fused filaments
Symmetry
Actinomorphic radial symmetry flowers can be divided into 2 equal halves along any plane
Zygomorphic bilateral symmetry divided into 2 equal halves only by a medial cut through the central axis
Actinomorphic
Zygomorphic
Ovary Position
Superior or Hypogynous
ovary The sepals and petals are attached below the ovary
Kalamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa)
Half-Superior /Half-Inferior or Perigynous The sepals and petals are attached at the side of the ovary
ovary
ovary
Squash (Cucurbita sp.)
Inferior or Epigynous ovary The sepals and petals are attached above the ovary
Placentation
The places where the ovules are attached in the ovary are known as placentae. The arrangement of the placentae inside the ovary is called placentation
Axile
The placentae are found at the central axis of a compound ovary
Parietal
The placentae are found on the wall of a compound ovary .
Marginal
The placentae are located on the wall of a single ovary. A single ovary has one chamber or locule.
ovary with ovules
Basal
The placentae with a single ovule is found more or less at the base of the ovary
Inflorescence
Flower clusters are called inflorescence. These may differ in the number of flowers borne, the sequence of flower maturation, the length of flower stalks, the number and arrangement of the floral branches or peduncles.
Spike
An inflorescence has an elongated axis with sessile (without pedicel) florets
Bottle brush (Callistemon lanceolatus)
Raceme
The elongated axis is unbranched. The flowers are provided with stalks or pedicles of equal lengths and are called pedicellate flowers.
Panicle
The elongated axis is branched. Flowers are pedicellate, opening all at the same time
Corymb
It has a more or less flat convex top because of the pedicels bearing the outer, older flowers are longer than the younger flowers at the center.
Umbel
The axis is short so that all the pedicellate flowers radiate from the apex of the axis. Simple
Japanese bamboo (Dracaena surculosa)
Compound
Queen Annes Lace (Daucus carota)
Cyme
This inflorescence is similar to a corymb except that the inner pedicelled flowers open first
Spadix
A fleshy spike (spadix) bearing both male and female flowers, surrounded by a petaloid bract called the spathe. spadix spathe
male florets
female florets
Catkin/ Ament
This inflorescence is a special type of spike which is hanging or drooping . The flowers are usually unisexual.
The pedicelled or sessile flowers are crowded at one side of the stem
Fascicle
Deerweed (Lotus scoparius)
Head/ Capitate
It is similar to umbel but the flowers are sessile. Usually the flowers are of two kinds: the disc flower at the center and the ray flowers at the margin
ray flowers
disc flowers