03Oct10

03Oct10

:
,,

03Oct10

:
,.

(informationbearingsignals).

&
&
&
&

&

&
&
&
&

03Oct10

&
7

:
t
,t,
x(t),
,
.
:
t x(t)
,t,x(t),
,

,
.

&
8

.
.

.
:
.

03Oct10

x1 t 3t

2
f x, y 5 x 4 xy 8 y

I x, y , t

x2 t 3t 2

g1 t

g t g2 t
g3 t

I r x, y , t

& I x, y , t I g x, y , t
I b x, y , t

10

x a jb

a Re x , b Im x

x re j

x r a 2 b2

1 b
tan a

b
arg x tan 1
a

1 b
tan
a

a0
a 0, b 0
a 0, b 0

03Oct10

11

3 4 j

3 4 j

12

03Oct10

13

x a jjb

y c jd
j

x y a b j b d
x y a b j b d

14

x a jbb re j

x* a jbb re j

a jb c jd ac bd j ad bc
x re j

y r e j

xy x y rr
arg xy arg x arg y

xy rr e j rr cos j sin

03Oct10

15

16

03Oct10

17

a jb

1
1
x*

x a jbb a jbb a jbb x 2

1
1
1
j e j
x re
r

x a jb xy * ab cd bc ad

2 2
2
j
y c jd
c d2
c d2
y

x re j
r

j e j
y r e
r

18

re

j n

r n cos n j sin n

03Oct10

&
19

:

.
:
.

.
.
:
(),
().

20

()
j 2 f o t

x t Ae

, A0

e j cos j sin
xr t A cos 2 f o t
xi t A sin 2 f o t

x t xr t jxi t

10

03Oct10

21

()

x t x t e

j x t

x t 2 f o t

x t A xr2 t xi2 t

x t Im x t x t sin x t A sin 2 f t

xr t Re x t x t cos x t A cos 2 f o t
i

22
1

= /5

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

x (t)

0.8

x (t)

0.8

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.4

-0.6

-0.6

-0.8

-0.8
-0.5

0
Time

0.5

-1
-1

-0.5

0
Time

0.5

Phase(t)

Magnitude(t)

-1
-1

= /5

0
Time

0
Time

11

03Oct10

&
23

()x(t):

t,
.
x[n]:
, n,
.

,
.

24

x n A cos 2 f o n ,

1
0.8
0.6

cos
s(2fon+)

0.4

/5

0.2

f o 0.05

0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-20

-15

-10

-5

10

15

20

12

03Oct10

25

.

x[n]=
x(nT
( o),n=0,1,2,3,
)

&
26

.
:
.
:

.

13

03Oct10

27

4
3.5

3
2.5
2
15
1.5
1
0.5
0
-4

-2

&
28

:
x(t+kTo)=x(t)<t<
)=x(t) <t<
>0k=1,2,
>0 k=1 2
To

k=1,.

x[n+kNo]=x[n],n=0,1,2,k=1,2,
]=x[n] n=0 1 2 k= 1 2
No=1,2,3,...
:
.

14

03Oct10

29

: t<0 x(t)=0,
n<0 x[n] 0
,n<0x[n]=0.
:
.

&
30

:
x(t)=x(t) t
,.x(t)=x(t)t
:
,x(t)=x(t)t

.
.
:
.
().

15

03Oct10

&
31

(+) +(+) =(+)

()+()=()
( )
( ) ( )
(+)x ()=()
(+) x(+) =(+)
()x()=(+)

x t xe t xo t
xe t

x t x t
2

xo t

x t x t
2

&
32

x t A cos 2 f ot

x t A cos cos 2 f ot A sin

i sin
i 2 f ot

xe t A cos cos 2 f ot
xo t A sin sin 2 f ot

16

03Oct10

33

2
1Ohm
p t x t

Watts

2
1
P
x
t
dt

(t1,t2)
t2 t1 t
2

Watts

Ex

x t dt lim
2

T /2

2
1
Px lim
x t dt

T T
T / 2

T / 2

x t dt
2

T / 2

Watts

&
34

, 0<x<
:
,
0<Px<

(..
).
(..
).

17

03Oct10

35

T /2

Ex lim

x t 5

52 dt lim 25T
T

T / 2
T /2

1
25T
Px lim
52 dt lim

T T
T T
T / 2

3 j 4 0 t 2
x t

0

E x lim

T /2

x t

T / 2

25

dt 3 j 4 dt 50
2

Ex
0
T T

Px lim

36

x t t
T /2

E x lim

x t

T / 2

T /2

t3
T3
dt lim t dt lim
lim

T
T 3
T / 2 T 12
T / 2
T /2

T3
E
T2
Px lim x lim 12 lim

T T
T T
T 12

18

03Oct10

37

T /2

Ex lim

x t dt lim
2

T / 2

nTo / 2

x t dt lim n

nTo / 2

To / 2

x t

To / 2

1
dt
To

x t dt
2

nTo / 2

To / 2

x t dt

To / 2

nTo / 2

T /2

2
1
1
lim
Px lim
x
t
dt

T T
n nT
o
T / 2

n
lim
n nT
o

To / 2

x t dt
2

To / 2

38

x t A cos 2 f o t

1
Px
To
=

1
To

1
To

To / 2

Ex

2 cos x 1cos 2 x
A cos 2 f ot dt

To / 2
To / 2

A2
2 1 cos 4 fot 2 dt
To / 2
To / 2

T /2

A2
1 o A2
dt
cos 4 f ot 2 dt

2
T
2
o To / 2
To / 2

1 A
A
To

To 2
2

19

03Oct10

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: +30 210 4142759

:+302104142759
email:kanatas@unipi.gr

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