Pediatric Developmental Overview Eriksons Developmental psychosocial Stages development Freuds Piagets stages theory of Helpful of cognitive personality

nursing tips development development Trust versus Oral Sensorimotor Allow parents to mistrust Sucking is Reflexes are hold infant Trust is major source replaced by during developed of enjoyment; voluntary assessment; when basic behaviors; needs are met May place (feeding, Object infant (if less security, permanence at than 4-6 affection); 4-8 months months) on (objects exist exam table; Unfamiliar even though the person(s) may object can no Assess heart, cause fear in longer seen or lungs,

Infant (0-12 months)

Eriksons Developmental psychosocial Stages development an older infant;

Freuds Piagets stages theory of of cognitive personality development development heard; i.e. hiding a toy under the blanket or peeka-boo);

Helpful nursing tips abdomen when patient is quiet; Count respiratory rate from outside the room if possible;

Autonomy Anal versus doubt Toddlers (1-3 Bowel and and shame years) bladder Develop control are control over learned;

Sensorimotor Allow parents to to preoperational hold toddler during Egocentric assessment; view of the

Eriksons Developmental psychosocial Stages development bodies; Seek independence; frustration may be exhibited by negative behavior or temper tantrums; Initiative versus guilt Superego; Learning right

Freuds Piagets stages theory of Helpful of cognitive personality nursing tips development development world in terms Praise when of self; cooperative; Increased language; Sense of time as it relates to routines (meals, naps, playtime); Phallic Gender awareness; Preoperational (2-7 years) Increased vocabulary; Magical Keep parents close during assessment; Give choices Auscultate when quiet;

Preschoolers (3-5 years)

Eriksons Developmental psychosocial Stages development from wrong; Explorers of their environment;

Freuds Piagets stages theory of Helpful of cognitive personality nursing tips development development thinking / vivid when imaginations; possible; Play is important; Allow patient to inspect equipment; Briefly demonstrate how you will use the equipment;

School-Age (6- Industry 12 years) versus inferiority

Latency Superego

Younger Concrete operational (7- child may request 11 years)

Eriksons Developmental psychosocial Stages development

Freuds theory of personality development continues to Desire to develop; develop sense greater of understanding achievement of right versus and wrong. competence; Most often willing and eager to cooperate;

Piagets stages Helpful of cognitive nursing tips development parents to be Increased logic present; and different perspectives; Older child may desire Rule oriented; privacy; Provide Improved gown; language and problem Explain solving skills; purpose of assessment and equipment; Offer option Formal for privacy; operational

Adolescent Identity (12-18 years) versus role

Genital

Eriksons Developmental psychosocial Stages development

Freuds theory of personality development Puberty, confusion secondary sex Preoccupied, characteristics, concerned sex hormones; about physical Mood swings; appearance; Emotional; Searching for personal identity;

Piagets stages Helpful of cognitive nursing tips development Abstract thinking; Improved logical thinking; Increased verbal communication; Provide gown; only expose area to be examined; Examine genitalia last; Explain findings during assessment;

References:

Hockenberry, M. J. & Wilson, D. (2011). Wongs Nursing care of infants and children, 9th Ed., St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Slota, M. C. (Ed.). (2006). Core curriculum for pediatric critical care nursing. St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.