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The most significant difference between the Intel 8085 and 8086 microprocessors is that the 8085 is an 8-bit

system and the 8086 is a 16-bit system. This difference allows the 8086 system to have a much larger set of operational instructions and can make calculations to more significant places. Note: the 8085 processor does have two 16-bit registers. The pointer and the program counter. And now we will take each processor and it is features separately: Features of 8086 Microprocessor 1) 8086 has 16-bit ALU; this means 16-bit numbers are directly processed by 8086. 2) It has 16-bit data bus, so it can read data or write data to memory or I/O ports either 16 bits or 8 bits at a time. 3) It has 20 address lines, so it can address up to 220 i.e. 1048576 = 1Mbytes of memory (words i.e. 16 bit numbers are stored in consecutive memory locations). Due to the 1Mbytes memory size multiprogramming is made feasible as well as several multiprogramming features have been incorporated in 8086 design. 4) 8086 includes few features, which enhance multiprocessing capability (it can be used with math coprocessors like 8087, I/O processor 8089 etc. 5) Operates on +5v supply and single phase (single line) clock frequency.(Clock is generated by separate peripheral chip 8284).

6) 8086 comes with different versions. 8086 runs at 5 MHz, 8086-2 runs at 8 MHz, 8086-1 runs at 10 MHz. 7) It comes in 40-pin configuration with HMOS technology having around 20,000 transistors in its circuitry. 8) It has multiplexed address and data bus like 8085 due to which the pin count is reduced considerably. 9) Higher Throughput (Speed) (This is achieved by a concept called pipelining). Nowadays 8086 is no longer used. But the concept of its principles and structures is very useful for understanding other advanced Intelmicroprocessors. Advantages of memory segmentation Allow the memory capacity to be 1Mb even though the addresses associated with the individual instructions are only 16 bits wide. Facilitate the use of separate memory areas for the program, its data and the stack. Permit a program and/or its data to be put into different areas of memory each time the program is executed. Multitasking becomes easy. INTEL 8085-Features INTEL 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor. The data word size of the 8085 microprocessor is 8-bits. Hence has 8-bit data bus. The address size of 8085 microprocessor is 16-bits. Hence uses 16-bit address bus. It can directly process on 8-bits of data in single operation, hence it is known to be an 8-bit microprocessor. It can directly address 216 = 65,536 bytes i.e., 64 Kbytes (64 K memory locations) using 16-bits of address. 8085 microprocessor is fabricated using NMOS technology and comes in an 40-pin DIP(dual-in-line) package. It requires a single power supply of +5V.

It has provision of internal frequency generation when an crystal is connected between the specified pins. The generated clock is divided by a factor of 2, hence to operate an 8085 based system at an frequency of 3 MHz, an crystal of 6 MHz frequency need to be connected to 8085. The NMOS 8085 is available in two versions 8085A and 8085A-2 with maximum internal clock frequency of 3.03 MHz and 5 MHz respectively and hence require an crystal of 6.06 MHz and 10 MHz to be connected them respectively. The enhanced version of 8085 is designed with HMOS transistors. It is available in three versions 8085AH, 8085AH-2, 8085AH-1 with maximum internal clock of 3 MHz, 5 MHz and 6 MHz respectively. The clock cycle of 8085 is of order of 320 ns and that for 8085AH-2 version is 200 ns. It has 80 basic instructions and 246 opcodes. 8085 is enhanced version of its predecessor the 8080A microprocessor; thus its instruction set is upward compatible with that of 8080A, i.e., 8085 instruction set includes all the 8080A instructions plus some more instructions. Thus the programs written for the 8080A will be executed by the 8085 microprocessor. But 8085 and 8080A are not pin compatible, i.e., the 8085 microprocessor can not be used in place of 8080A microprocessor in an 8080A based system.

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