FORMULA FOR CALCULATION FOR LINE LOSSES AS PER REC STANDARD

11 KV Line Average Energy Loss in feeder 0.105 x L x R x P 2 x L.L.F . = 2 x LDF x (D.F .)

2

33 KV Line Average Energy Loss in feeder in KWH = Peak power Loss x LLF x 8760

R = Resistance of Conductor per Km L = Length of Line in Km P =T otal conducted load in KVA LLF = Loss load factor LF = Load factor of system D.F = Diversity Factor . L.D.F = Load distribution factor . L.L.F = 0.8 x ( L.F 2 + 0.2 x (L.F . .) .)

3xI Peak Power Loss = 1000

Where R = Resistance of conductor per Km. I = Max current in the line.

LINE CLEARANCES
The minimum clearances shall be in accordance with Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 and are given in T able I. T able - I, Minimum Clearance ( Values in Meters ) Voltage Category (IE Rules,1956) Nominal System Voltage Clearance Low & Medium Voltage Low High Voltage Extra High Voltage 500 KV 800 KV

Upto Upto 66 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV 11 KV 33 KV HVDC 6.1 5.6 4.6 4.0 3.7 1.219 6.1 5.8 5.2 3.7 2.0 6.1 6.1 5.5 4.0 2.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 4.6 2.9 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.5 $ 3.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 7.30 5.6

1) Clearance to Ground (a) Across Street 5.8 (b) Along Street 5.5 (c) Other areas Bore Cond. 4.6 (d) Other areas Insu. cond. 4.0 2) Clearance to Buildings (a) Vertical (*) - from higher object (b) Horizantal (+) - from nearest point. 2.5 1.129

12.50 12.50 12.50 11.59 10.98

12.40 12.40 12.40 10.50 9.20

3) Clearance Between Line crossing each other . Voltage of 1 st Line 250V to 66KV 250 V to 66 KV 100 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV + 500 KV HVDC 800 KV 2.44 2.75 3.05 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94 100 KV 2.75 2.75 3.05 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94 1 Voltage of 2 132 KV 3.05 3.05 3.05 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94 220 KV 4.58 4.58 4.58 4.58 5.49 6.86 7.94
nd

Line 400 KV 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49 5.49 6.86 7.94 500KV HVDC 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 6.86 7.94 800 KV 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94 7.94

4) Clearance from Supporting structure of another line (i) Low or Medium Voltage line 1.210 meters (ii) High Voltage 1.829 meters. (iii) Extra High Voltages lines 1.944 meters. 5) The Transmission line corridor requirement for different voltage lines are as follows : Voltage Level (KV) 66 110/100 132 6) Tree Clearance : i. For E.H.V . Lines , all tall trees within 12.19 meters on either side. .T ii. All bush growth within 6,095 meters on either side to be completed cleared, Grafted fruit trees which will not grow tall may be left out. iii. All branches or leaves which are within 0.914 meters from the conductors, neutral and earth wires in case of L.T line should be cut. . LINE CLEARANCES Note : (1) $ should not cross over/near building. (2) For all crossings the clearance to be obtained at the worst conditions of / proximity of wires. (3) The above table has been compiled with the help of Indian Electricity Rules,1956. (a) ( * ) Vertical clearance to be obtained at maximum still air final sags (at maximum temperature of ice-loaded conductor at 0 degree Celsius. (b) ( + ) Horizontal clearance to be obtained at worst load condition with maximum deflected conductor position, including that insulator string, if any . (c) ( # ) The Crossing of railways by power lines shall be made at a distance of at least 1.0 km. beyond the outer signal. 7) Clearance over navigational river . Low & Medium Voltage 10.5 meters High Voltage upto 110 KV 19.0 meters Extra Hight Voltage above 110 KV 19.0 meter + 1 cm. For every addl. KV Corridor Requirement (meters) 18 22 27 Voltage Level (KV) 220 500 HVDC 800 Corridor Requrement (meters) 35 52 85

G,U,R, -42011/B(2)86-GDP Dtd. 24/11/84. 8) Clearance over non-navigatinal river . Voltage 66 KV 132 KV 220 KV Clearance 3.65 4.30 5.10 Voltage 400 KV 800 KV 500 KV DC Clearance 6.4 9.4 6.75

Ref : (CBIP Handbook) * Max. height of floating body above HFL = 3.0 meters. 2

9) Railway and T elecommunication Line Clearance Voltage in KV Railway T racks Above Railway T rack Upto & Incl. 11 KV 66 132 220 400 800 Normally by Cable 14.10 m 14.600 m 15.40 m 17.90 m 22.00 m Above highest level of Jib of crans 2.0 m 2.5 m 3.5 m 6.0 m 9.5 m 2.44 m 2.75 m 3.05 m 4.48 m 9.90 m T elecomm Line

Ref : (1) Regulations for Power Line Crossing of Railway T racks 1987. (2) Code of Practice for protection of T elecommunication Line Crossing with Overhead Power Lines. 10) Minimum Vertical & Horizontal clearance from Lines for building construction Voltage 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 100 or 110 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV 11) Vertical Clearance 3.658 3.700 3.926 4.267 4.572 5.486 7.315 Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Horizontal Clearance 1.200 1.829 2.133 2.438 2.743 3.657 5.484 Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters Meters

Vertical & Horizantal Clearane between Condecters for Long spans. Vertical Clearance (m) = 0.75 f 75 + Ix + V 150 Horizontal Clearance (m) = 0.62 f75 + Ix + V 150

f75 - Sag at 75 0c , IK = Length of Insulator String in meters, V = Line Voltage in KV

OUTDOOR SWITCHGEAR AND BUSBAR CLEARANCES

Rated KV Min. Clearance to earth in air Inches , (mm) 5.5 (140) 7 (180) 11 (280) 15 (380) 27 (685) 34 (865) 43 (1070) 70 (1780) 3 Min Clearance between phases in air Inches , (mm) 7 (180) 9 (230) 13 (330) 17 (430) 31 (790) 39 (990) 48 (1220) 81 (2060) Safety sectional , Clearance, Inches (mm) 102 (2590) 102 (2590) 108 (2745) 109 (2770) 120 (3050) 132 (3350) 138 (3505) 168 (4280)

Not exceeding 6.6 11 22 33 66 110 132 220

BUSBAR CLEARANCE IN OIL OR COMPOUND

Rated voltage between phases of poles (KV) Upto 0.6 3.3 6.6 11 22 33 Min. Clearance to earth Inches (mm) 0.50 (12) 0.50 (12) 0.75 (20) 1.00 (25) 1.75 (45) 2.50 (65) Clearance between phase Min. Inches (mm) 0.50 (12) 0.75 (20) 1.00 (25) 1.50 (40) 2.50 (65) 3.50 (90)

CLEARANCES IN AIR FOR INDOOR SWITCHGEARS

Rated voltage (KV) Min. length of Insulator Inches (mm) 3/4 (20) 3/4 (20) 2 (50) 3.5 (90) 5 (125) 6 (150) 8 (200) 12 (305) Min Clearance to earth inches (mm) 5/8 (16) 3/4 (20) 2 (50) 2.5 (65) 3 (75) 4 (100) 5.5 (140) 8.75 (220) Min. Clearance between, Inches(mm) 3/4 (20) 3/4 (20) 2 (50) 3.5 (90) 5 (125) 6.5 (165) 9.5 (240) 14 (350)

Up to 0.415 0.6 3.3 6.6 11 15 22 33

CLEARANCE FOR BARE CONDUCTOR AND LIVE PARTS OF ANY APPARATUS IN OUTDOOR SUB-STATIONS EXCLUDING OVER HEAD LINES OF HV/EHV INSTALLATIONS
Voltage Ground Clearance (in meters) 2.72 3.7 4.0 4.6 5.5 8.0 4 Sectional Clearance (in meters) 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.5 4.3 6.5

Not Exceeding 11 KV Not Exceeding 33 KV Not Exceeding 66 KV Not Exceeding 132 KV Not Exceeding 220 KV Not Exceeding 400 KV