saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

g. jolia

ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni

registrirebulia stu-s saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo sabWos mier

Tbilisi 2008

uak 413 saqarTveloSi ucxo sityvebis ganmartebiTi leqsikonebis mdidari tradicia arsebobs. am saqmeSi fasdaudebeli wvlili miuZRvis b-n m. WabaSvils, romlis fundamenturma naSromma mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula mravali Taobis ganaTlebis saqmeSi. garda amisa, ukanasknel wlebSi gamoica mravali dargobrivi (diplomatiuri, ekonomikuri, iuridiuli, sabaJo da sxv.) leqsikoni da enciklopedia. zogierTi avtori Tavis wignSive gvaZlevs im ucxo sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa ganmartebebs, romlebic maT naSromebSi gvxvdeba da sxv. miuxedavad amisa, am sferoSi ukmarisoba mainc SeimCneva, radgan Cvens swrafadcvalebad garemoSi ucxo sityvebis gavrcelebisa da axali terminebis damkvidrebis procesi Zalze swrafia da dinamiuri, rac modunebis saSualebas ar iZleva. arsebuli qarTuli da ucxouri leqsikonebis masalaTa SejerebiT, aseve saerTaSoriso da saqarTvelos uaxlesi kanondeblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mocemulia ucxouri warmoSobis 1200-mde sityvis qarTuli Sesatyvis-ganmartebebi. leqsikoni gaTvaliswinebulia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis. Semdgeneli stu-s sruli profesori guram jolia redaqtorebi: stu-s sruli profesori evgen baraTaSvili stu-s sruli profesori igor kveselava stu-s asistent-profesori zviad rogava recenzenti sruli profesori guram nakaiZe

sagamomcemlo saxli ,,teqnikuri universiteti, 2008 ISBN 978-9941-14-237-6

http://www.gtu.ge/publishinghouse/
yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili (iqneba es teqsti, foto, ilustracia Tu sxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas gamomcemlis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe. saavtoro uflebebis darRveva isjeba kanoniT.

diplomatiuri, ekonomikuri, iuridiuli da politikuri ucxo sityvebis leqsikoni

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abandoni [frang. abandon _ uari] _ 1. uflebis daTmoba an procesis gagrZelebaze uaris Tqma. qonebis damzRvevi piris uari dazRveuli qonebis uflebaze, aseve misi uflebis gadacema mzRvevelisaTTvis im mizniT, rom misgan srulad miiRos dazRveuli Tanxa. abolicia [laT. abolitio _ gauqmeba, mospoba] _ (samarT.). 1. kanonis an gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba. 2. Tanamdebobidan gadadgoma an gadayeneba; Tanamdebobis gauqmeba. 3. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Sewyveta iseT stadiaSi, roca braldeba iuridiulad daudgenelia. abrogacia [laT. abrogatio] _ (samarT.). moZvelebuli kanonis gauqmeba. absenteizmi [laT. absens (absentis) _ vinc ar eswreba] _ mosaxleobis gulgrili damokidebuleba politikuri cxovrebisadmi, misTvis Tavis arideba; gacdena. absolutizmi [laT. Absolutus _ ueWveli] _ politikuri Teoria; saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis forma erTi piris _ monarqis xelSi. absolucia [laT. absolutio] _ (samarT.). sasamarTlos dadge-

nileba, romliTac braldebuli sasjelisgan Tavisufldeba. agenti [laT. agens (agentis) _ moqmedi] _ Suamavali, rwmunebuli; piri, romelic warmoadgens kompanias an sxva pirs kontraqtebTan dakavSirebul saqmeebSi. agitacia [laT. agitatio _ moZraobaSi moyvana] _ (polit.). propaganistuli qmedeba xalxTa politikuri aqtivobis asamaRleblad. agremani [frang. agrement _ Tanxmoba] _ (dipl.). erTi saxelmwifos mTavrobis Tanxmoba, miiRos Tavis qveyanaSi meore saxelmwifos diplomatiuri warmomadgeneli. agresia [laT. aggresio _ Seteva] _ erTi saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Tavdasxma sxva qveynis dasapyrobad. adaptacia [laT. adaptatio] _ Segueba, Sewyoba. adekvati, adekvaturi [laT. adaequatus] _ (risame) sruli Sesatyvisi, sruli Sesabamisi. adendumi [laT. addo _ vumateb] _ xelSekrulebis (kerZod, Carteris, fraxtis) damateba, Camateba, romelic cvlis an avsebs ama Tu im pirobas. advaluri baJi [laT. ad valerem] _ sabaJo gadasaxadis saxeoba, romelic icvleba

saqonlis sabaJo Rirebulebis Sesabamisad. advokati [laT. advocatus] _ iuristi, romelic gamodis braldebulis damcvelad an awarmoebs visime saqmes sasamarTloSi; veqili. administracia [laT. administratio _ marTva] _ mTavroba; warmoebis mmarTvelobis organo; xelmZRvaneloba; marTvis aparati. adresanti [germ. adresant] _ tvirTis gamgzavni. adresati [germ. adressat] _ gagzavnili tvirTis mimRebi. avanzali [frang. avant _ wina da salle _ darbazi] _ (dipl.). did SenobebSi, sasaxleebSi: momcro darbazi, oTaxi mTavari darbazis win. avansi [frang. avance] _ (finans.). misaRebi Tanxis nawili, romelsac winaswar uxdian visme Sesasrulebeli samuSaos angariSSi. averaJi [ingl. averagang _ gasaSualeba] _ sabirJo TamaSis strategia, romelic iTvaliswinebs Tanamimdevruli drois garkveul SualedSi aqciebis yidva-gayidvas kursis cvlilebis Sesabamisad. aversi [frang. avers _ saxiT mobrunebuli] _ monetis, medlis wina mxare. (sapirisp. reversi). avTentikuri teqsti [berZ. authentikos _ TviTmyofi] _ (dipl.). xelSekrulebis namdvili, sarwmuno, dednis Sesaba-

misi teqsti, Sesrulebuli yvela formaluri mxaris dacviT da xelmowerili uflebamosili pirebis mier. avizo [ital. avviso _ Setyobineba] _ (finans.). uwyeba, romliTac atyobineben mimRebs misTvis fulis, Tamasuqis an saqonlis gagzavnas. avista [ital. avista _ wardgenisTanave] _ (ekon.). warmomadgenlis Tamasuqi, gacemuli gadasaxdelis vadis miuTiTeblad, nebismier dros gasanaRdebeli. avtarqia [berZ. autarkeia _ TviTdakmayofileba] _ (polit.). ekonomikuri gancalkevebulobis politika, romelsac atarebs qveyana, regioni; Caketili ekonomikuri politika. avtokratia [berZ. Autokrateia] _ (polit.). qveynis marTvis iseTi sistema, roca mTeli umaRlesi Zalaufleba erTi piris xelSia moqceuli. avtonomia [berZ. autonomia] _ (polit.). romelime qveynis, mxaris, olqis ufleba _ hqondes sakuTari TviTmmarTveloba. avtoritaruli [frang. autoritaire _ mbrZanebluri < laT.] _ (polit.). avtoritetisadmi, xelisuflebisadmi usityvo morCilebaze damyarebuli mmarTveloba. avuari [frang. avoir _ qoneba] _ (finans.). fizikuri piris (dawesebulebis) anabari ucxoeTis bankSi.

aklamacia [laT. acclamatio _ wamoZaxeba] _ (polit., dipl.). gadawyvetilebis miRebis meTodi. gvxvdeba saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da konferenciebis muSaobis praqtikaSi; Tanxmobis an uaryofis dasturi. akrediteba, akreditebuli [laT. accredo _ vendobi] _ 1. (dipl.). ucxo saxelmwifoSi elCis daniSvnisa da misi uflebamosilebis cnoba. 2. (finans.). vinmesTvis rwmunebis micema fulis misaRebad an savaWro operaciis sawarmoeblad. a-konto [ital. a conto _ gadasaxdelis angariSi] _ importioris winaswari angariSgeba eqsportiorTan gayidul saqonelze angariSebis ganaRdebis gziT. akreditivi [laT. accredo _ vendobi] _ 1. (dipl.). rwmunebis sigeli; dokumenti, romelic adasturebs diplomatiuri warmomadgenlis rwmunebas. 2. (finans.). bankis fuladi valdebuleba, romelSic mocemulia davaleba fizikuri an iuridiuli pirisaTvis gansazRvruli raodenobis fulis gadaxdis Sesaxeb dokumentSi miTiTebuli pirobebis Sesabamisad. aliansi [frang. alliance] _ (ekon., polit.). ramdenime organizaciis, sawarmos, piris kavSiri da, rogorc wesi, saerTaSoriso gaerTianeba xelSekrulebis safuZvelze.

alibi [ingl. alibi] _ (samarT.). argumenti, rom danaSaulSi eWvmitanili sadRac sxvagan iyo danaSaulis Cadenis momentSi. alienacia [ingl. alienation] _ (ekon.). 1. qonebis gasxviseba. 2. (samarT.). aqciis, kapitalis an sxva faseulobis mflobe-lis Secvla. alonJi [frang. allonge _ zesadgmeli] _ (finans.). Tamasuqze mimagrebuli damatebiTi furceli, romelzedac keTdeba warwera. alternati [laT. alternus _ rigrigobiTi] _ (dipl.). saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis Sedgenisa da xelmoweris wesi, romlis Tanaxmad TiToeuli mxaris dedanSi pirvel adgilzea am mxaris enaze Sedgenili xelSekrulebis teqsti, mxaris dasaxeleba, misi warmomadgenelis xelmowera da beWedi. alternativa [laT. alternus _ rigrigobiTi] _ 1. saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: xelSemkvrel mxareTa dasaxelebis, xelmowerisa da beWdis dasmis Tanamimdevroba xelSekrulebaSi. 2. ekonomikuri qcevis erT-erTi varianti. 3. mmarTvelobiTi gadawyvetileba, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba sxva variants. 4. ori SesaZleblobidan erTi. altruizmi [frang. altruisme] _ (zneobr.). kacTmoyvareoba, sxvaze uangaro zrunva.

ambasadori [ingl. Ambassador] _ (dipl.). elCi. amnistia [berZ. amnstia _ daviwyeba, patieba] _ (samarT.). msjavrdadebulis Sewyaleba: sasjelis moxsna an Semsubuqeba. amortizacia [laT. Amortisatio _ gadaxda] _ (ekon.). eqspluataciis gamo aqtivebis (ZiriTadad, teqnikis) Rirebulebis Semcireba. analizi [berZ. analysis _ daSla] _ movlenebisa da procesebis mecnieruli kvlevis erT-erTi meTodi. analogi [berZ. analogos _ Sesatyvisi] _ (ekon., samarT.). rac warmoadgens ramesTan Sesabamisobas, srul msgavsebas da iZleva analogiis safuZvels. anaqronizmi [frang. Anachronisme] _ 1. qronologiuri Seusabamoba; 2. Zveli gadmonaSTi, romelic ar Seesabameba Tanamedrove moTxovnebs, Sexedulebebsa da Cveulebebs. anarqia [berZ. anarchia _ umTavroboba, areuloba] _ (polit., samarT.). qaosi, sruli uwesrigoba. anarqizmi _ (polit.). saxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis uaryofa; rwmena imisa, rom ar unda arsebobdes mTavroba da saxelmwifos mier adamianebis kontroli. angaJementi [frang. Engagement _ valdebuleba, daqira-

veba] _ (ekon., samarT.). valdebulebis dakisreba. angaria [berZ. angareia] _ (ekon., samarT.). ucxoelTa moZravi qonebis (kerZod, gemis) CamorTmeva. anderlaingi [ingl. Underlaying] _ (finans). fasiani qaRaldi, romelic safuZvlad udevs ofcions. masze arsebobs yidva-gayidvis ufleba ofcionuri kontraqtis pirobebis Sesabamisad. anderraiteri [ingl. Underwriter _ xelis momweri] _ (finans.). fasiani qaRaldebis operaciebis makleri. aneqsia [laT. annexio _ SeerTeba] _ (polit.). erTi saxelmwifos mier meoris (an misi nawilis) ZalmomreobiT mierTeba, dapyroba. anklavi [frang. enclave _ miwa-daqsaqsuloba] _ saxelmwifos saxmeleTo teritoriis gancalkevebuli nawili, romelsac gars akravs sxva saxelmwifos (saxelmwifoTa) teritoria da sazRvao napiri ara aqvs. anomalia [berZ. anomalia _ uswormasworoba] _ (samarT.). kanonzomierebis darRveva; saerTo wesisagan gadaxveva. antagonizmi [berZ. Antagnisma _ brZola] _ (polit.). mxareTa Seurigebeli dapirispireba. antisemitizmi [frang. Antisemitisme] _ (polit.). xelov-

nurad Seqmnili ideologia ebraelTa siZulvilis Sesaxeb. antimilitarizmi [berZ. anti _ winaaRmdeg da laT. Militaris _ samxedro] _ (polit.). socialurad gansxvavebul ZalTa moZraoba, gaerTianebuli erovnuli, regionuli da globaluri niSniT, saxelmwifoTaSoriso konfliqtebSi winaaRmdegobaTa gadasaWrelad. antitrastuli [ingl. antitrust] _ (samarT.). antimonopoliuri; iuridiuli aqtebi (qmedebebi), rac winaaRmdegobas uwevs monopoliebs da aregulirebs konkurencias. anulireba [ingl. annulling] _ (samarT.). gauqmeba an SeCereba imisa, rasac samarTlebrivi Zala aqvs; raimes Zaladakargulad cnoba. apagonia [berZ. apagg _ daskvna] _ (samarT.). sawinaaRmdego debulebis SeuZleblobaze damyarebuli mtkiceba. aparteidi [afrikaansis enaze apartheid _ calke cxovreba] _ (polit.). saxelmwifo politika, romelic rasobrivi niSniT sxvadasxva uflebriv mdgomareobaSi ayenebs mosaxleobis rig jgufebs. apatridi [berZ. a _ (uary. naw.) da patris _ samSoblo] _ (samarT.). `usamSoblo~, qveSevrdomobis, moqalaqeobis statusis armqone piri. apelanti [ingl. appellant] _ (samarT.). momCivani; piri, romelsac saCivari Seaqvs umaR-

les sasamarTloSi, rom Seicvalos gadawyvetileba an ganaCeni, romelic dabali instantciis sasamarTlom gamoitana. apelacia [laT. appellatio _ mimarTva] _ (samarT.). sasamarTlos ganaCenis gasaCivreba umaRles instanciaSi, romelsac ufleba aqvs arsebiTad gadasinjos saqme da gamoitanos Tavisi gadawyvetileba. aplikanti [ingl. aplicant] _ (ekon., samarT.). risame (samsaxuris, sasamarTlosadmi gadawyvetilebis gamotanis da sxv.) mTxovneli. apolitizmi [berZ. a uary. maCvenebeli da politika] _ negatiuri, indiferentuli, gulgrili damokidebuleba politikuri cxovrebisadmi (ix. agreTve absenteizmi). apolitikuri [berZ. Apolitikos _ vinc saxelmwifo saqmeebSi ar monawileobs] _ sazogadoebriv-politikur saqmianobaze Tavis arideba. apologia [berZ. apologia] _ visime an risame dacva, gamarTleba. aposteriori _ [laT. a posterior] _ cdis safuZvelze, faqtobriv monacemebze dafuZnebuli dokumenti. (sapirisp. apriori). apriori [laT. a prior] _ cdisgan damoukideblad, cdis gareSe, imTaviTve. (sapirisp. aposteriori). aprobacia [laT. approbatio _ mowoneba] _ Semowmebis Sede-

gad oficialurad gamoxatuli dasturi. apropriacia [laT. Appropriatio] _ (samarT.). umetesad uZravi qonebis miTviseba, daufleba. aJio [laT. aggio _ gadameteba] _ (finans.). safondo birJebze fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebi, Tamasuqebi, obligaciebi da sxv.) gayidvis fasis gadameteba Cveulebriv maT nominalur RirebulebasTan SedarebiT. (sapirisp. dizaJio). aJiotaJi [frang. agiotage _ aRgzneba] _ (ekon.). sabazro cieb-cxeleba, ganpirobebuli koniunqturis, miwodebisa da moTxovnis, saqonlis fasebisa da sxvaTa mkveTri cvlilebis gamo. arbitraJi [frang. arbitrage] _ (samarT., ekon.). 1. samediatoro sasamarTlo; saqmis garCeva samediatoro wesiT. 2. komerciuli saqmianoba, romelic xorcieldeba sxvadasxva bazrebze erTnairi sabirJo obieqtis (fasiani qaRaldebis, saqonlis da sxv.) fasebs Soris dadebiTi sxvaobis, mogebis misaRebad. arbitraJi saerTaSoriso _ saerTaSoriso xasiaTis davis mSvidobiani gadawyvetis erTerTi saSualeba, romelic iqmneba modave mxareTa mier da Sesasruleblad savaldebulo gadawyvetilebebs iRebs. arbitri [frang. arbitre] _ (ekon., samarT.). mediatori, msajuli, Suamavali.

argumenti [laT. argumentum _ mtkiceba] _ (ekon., samarT.). raime debulebis dasamtkiceblad moyvanili sabuTi. argumentacia [laT. Argumenttation] _ mtkiceba, dasabuTeba. areali [laT. area _ moedani] _ teritoria, romlis sazRvrebSi SeiniSneba mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlenebi da niSnebi. arenda [polon. arenda] _ 1. (samarT.). uZravi qonebis droebiT daqiraveba xelSekrulebis dadebiT; ijara. 2. (finans.). gadasaxadi aseTi xelSekrulebis mixedviT. arendatori _ (samarT.). piri, romelsac ijariT aqvs rame aRebuli; moijare. aristokratia [berZ. Aristokratia] _ (polit.). gabatonebuli klasis privilegiuri fena. aristokratiuli _ aristokratiasTan dakavSirebuli; sazogadoebis umaRlesi klasis warmomadgenlebi, Tavadaznauruli titulis mqone pirebi (mag., lordi, hercogi da a.S.). arqaizmi [berZ. archaos _ Zveli] _ (polit.). moZvelebuli movlena, Zveli drois gadmonaSTi. arqia [berZ. archi _ xelisufleba, mmarTveloba] _ (polit.). politikurad organizebuli, xelisuflebis mier marTvadi sazogadoeba, romelic qmnis saxelmwifos.

asamblea [frang. assemble _ kreba] _ raime saerTaSoriso organizaciis wevrTa saerTo kreba. mag., gaeros generaluri asamblea. asignacia [frang. assignatio] _ (finans.). qaRaldis fuli. asimilacia [laT. assimilatio] _ (polit.). erTi xalxis erovnul TaviseburebaTa moSla da misi gaTqvefa sxva xalxSi. asortimenti [frang. Assortiment] _ (ekon.). sxvadasxva saxeobisa da xarisxis saqoneli. asociacia [laT. associo _ vuerTeb] _ (ekon.). erTi da igive interesebis mqone adamianebis an organizaciebis gaerTianeba, kavSiri. atriaqsi [ingl. Atriax] _ (finans.). eleqtronuli safondo birJa londonSi. ataSe [frang. attach] _ (dipl.). 1. specialuri samuSaos Semsrulebeli piri saelCoSi sazRvargareT. mag., samxedro ataSe. 2. yvelaze dabali diplomatiuri rangi. atornei [ingl. attorney] _ (samarT.). rwmunebul-warmomadgeneli. atributi [laT. attributum _ Tviseba, kuTvnileba] _ sagnis an movlenis ZiriTadi, arsebiTi Tviseba; risame damaxasiaTebeli niSani. audiencia [laT. audientia _ mosmena] _ (dipl.). warCinebuli piris (umetesad saxelmwifos meTauris) mier visime miReba

oficialurad, garkveuli wesebis dacviT. auditi [laT. audit] _ (finans.). sawarmos sameurneosafinanso saqmianobis analizi da kontroli, romelsac kvalificiuri specialistebi damoukideblad atareben. auTenturi _ iuridiuli interpretaciis mqone wesi imis Taobaze, rom rodesac sityva an fraza mosdevs or an met sxva sityvas an frazas, igi ganmartebulia ise, rogorc mis win myofi sityvebi da frazebi. mag., `saxlebi, binebi da sxva Senobebi~, `sxva Senobebi~ SeiZleba niSnavdes mxolod sxva sacxovrebel adgilebs, da ara, magaliTad, eklesias. autsorsingi _ organizaciaTa Sorisi SeTanxmeba calkeuli biznes-procesebis Sesrulebaze, romlis meSveobiT maRldeba efeqturoba da/an mcirdeba danaxarjebi. Tanamedrove biznesSi autsorsingiT SeiZleba gadaeces rogorc damxmare (mag., xelfasis gaangariSeba, informaciuli sistemebis gamarTva da sxv.), ise zogierTi ZiriTadi biznes-procesebi (mag., axali produqtebis damuSaveba). auqcioni [laT. auctio] _ (ekon.). qonebis sajaro (Ria) wesiT gayidva. saqoneli mieyideba mas, vinc yvelaze maRal fass SesTavazebs.

afera [frang. affaire _ saqme] _ (samarT.). saeWvo garigeba, TaRliToba. afideviti [ingl. affidavit] _ (samarT.). werilobiTi ganacxadi, romelic xelmowerilia da ficdadebulia veqilis TandaswrebiT da, romelic Semdeg SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes rogorc mtkicebuleba sasamarTlo mosmenis dros. a-forfe [frang. a forfait _ miwodeba, momarageba] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobis dafinanseba gadasagzavni Tamasuqis ganaRdebis gziT regresis uflebis gareSe, e.i. Tamasuqis myidveli Tavis Tavze iRebs gadauxdelobis mTel risks da wina mflobelisaTvis pretenziis wayeneba ar SeuZlia. aqti [ingl. act] _ (samarT.). sakanonmdeblo organos mier damtkicebuli gadawyvetileba, romelic gaxda kanoni; dokumenti, oficialuri valdebuleba. aqtiuri [ingl. active] _ moqmedi, efeqturi. aqtuari [ingl. actuary] _ sadazRvevo kompaniis TanamSromeli, romelic sadazRvevo Senatans iTvlis. aqcepti [laT. acceptus _ miRebuli] _ (raime) SemoTavazebulis miReba; daTanxmeba, Tanxobis micema: 1. (finans.). gadamxdelis valdebuleba (Tanxmobis warweriT dadastureba) dadgenil vadaSi gaanaRdos gadasagzavni Tamasuqi

(trata), warmodgenili angariSi an daakmayofilos sxva moTxovnebi; unaRdo angariSsworebis erT-erTi forma. 2. (ekon., samarT.). upirobo Tanxmoba SemoTavazebul winadadebaze (oferti), rom daidos xelSekruleba. aqceptanti, aqceptori [laT. acceptantis _ mimRebi] _ 1. (finans.). piri, romelmac aiRo valdebuleba gaanaRdos Tamasuqi. 2. (ekon., samarT.). SemoTavazebuli winadadebis mimRebi piri. aqcesiuri xelSekruleba [laT. accessio _ SeerTeba, mierTeba] _ (dipl.). xelSekruleba, romliTac saxelmwifo uerTdeba sxva saxelmwifoTa adre dadebul xelSekrulebas. aqcesoruli xelSekruleba [laT. accessorius _ momsvleli] _ (dipl.). damatebiTi xelSekruleba, romelic daerTvis mTavar xelSekrulebas. aqcia [frang. action] _ 1. (ekon.). saemisio fasiani qaRaldi, romelic adasturebs misi mflobelis (aqcioneris) uflebas monawileobdes saaqcio sazogadoebis menejmentSi da am sazogadoebis mogebidan miiRos Tavisi wili (dividendi). 2. (polit.). raime politikur-ekonomikuri miznis misaRwevad wamowyebuli moqmedeba, RonisZieba. aqcizi [frang. accise] _ (finans.). arapirdapiri saerTosaxelmwifoebrivi gadasaxadi, romelic Sedis saqonlis fas-

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Si. mas ixdis momxmarebeli am gadasaxadiT gazrdil fasTan erTad. igi gamyidvelis SemosavalTan araa dakavSirebuli da saxelmwifo biujetSi Sedis. aqciziT ibegreba alkoholuri sasmelebi, Tambaqos nawarmi, navTobproduqtebi, msubuqi avtomanqanebi.

b
baza [frang. base < berZ.] _ risame safuZveli. mag. ekonomikuri baza, samarTlebrivi baza da a.S. bazisi [berZ. basis _ safuZveli] _ 1. (ekon.). wanamati an fasdakleba saqonlis sabirJo kotirebaze (fasdadgenaze). 2. (ekon., samarT.). yvelaze mniSvnelovani. balansi [frang. balance _ saswori] _ (ekon.). Semosavalgasavlis SefardebiTi jami; ori nawilis raodenobrivi Tanasworoba. banki [ital. banco] _ finansuri dawesebuleba, romelic awarmoebs fulisa da fasiani qaRaldebis operaciebs, finansur momsaxurebas uwevs mTavrobas, sawarmoebs, moqalaqeebsa da erTmaneTs. banketi [frang. banquet] _ (dipl.). sazeimo wveuleba, romelic imarTeba visime pativsacemad an raime movlenis aRsaniSnavad, banknoti [ingl. banknote] _ (finans.). qaRaldis fuli,

romelsac mimoqcevaSi uSvebs centraluri banki; sakredito baraTi. banko [ital. banco] _ (finans.). fasi an kursi, romlis mixedviTac banki awarmoebs fasiani qaRaldebis yidva-gayidvas. bankroti [ital. bankrotto] _ (samarT.). gakotrebuli, valauvali, gadaxdis unarmoklebuli movale. barbekiu [ingl. barbecue] _ (dipl.). sazeimo miReba (gamaspinZleba) Ria cis qveS. barieri [ingl. barrier] _ dabrkoleba; winaaRmdegoba; raimes gakeTebis xelSeSla. baristeri [ingl. barrister] _ advokati (gansakuTrebiT inglisSi), romelsac SeuZlia eWvmitanilis dacva an sxva piris dadanaSauleba umaRles sasamarTloSi. barteri [ingl. barter _ gacvla] _ (ekon.). naturaluri saqonelgacvla, roca erTi dovlaTi meoreze fulis gadaxdis gareSe icvleba. beniluqsi [ingl. Benelux Economic Union] _ belgiis, niderlandisa da luqsemburgis ekonomikuri kavSiri. beneficiari [frang. benefice _ mogeba, sargeblianoba] _ 1. (finans.). piri, romelic iRebs fulad gadasaxdels; fulis mimRebi. 2. (samarT.). piri, romlis qonebas marTavs ndobiT aRWurvili piri.

11

bidi [ingl. bid] _ (ekon.). myidvelebis winadadeba; SeTavazeba risame sayidlad garkveul fasad (gansakuTrebiT auqcionze). biznesi [ingl. business _ saqme, mewarmeoba] _ momgebiani saqmianoba. bili [ingl. bill] _ 1. inglisSi, aSS-isa da zogierTi sxva qveynis sakanonmdeblo organoSi Setanili axali kanonproeqti. 2. aSS-Si qaRaldis fuli, angariSi. bipolidi [laT. bis _ orjer da berZ. polis _ qalaqi, saxelmwifo) _ (samarT.). piri, romelsac ori (an meti) saxelmwifos moqalaqeoba aqvs; bipatridi. birJa [germ. Brse, laT. bursa _ qisa] _ erTgvarovani saqonlis regularulad funqcionirebadi, organizaciulad gansazRvruli sabiTumo bazari. mag., safondo birJa _ adgili, sadac xdeba fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebis, obligaciebis da sxv.) yidva-gayidvis garagebebi. biurokratia [frang. bureau _ biuro da berZ. kratos _ Zalaufleba] _ (polit.). umaRlesi Cinovnikuri aparati, administracia; marTvis sistema, romelic dafuZnebulia formalizmze. biujeti [frang. budget _ CanTa] _ (finans.). saxelmwifos, firmis, ojaxis Semosavlebisa

da xarjebis nusxa drois gansazRvruli periodisaTvis, Cveulebriv, erTi wlisaTvis. bloki [frang. bloc] _ (polit., ekon.). saxelmwifoebis, partiebis da a.S. kavSiri, gaerTianeba saerTo ekonomikurpolitikuri miznebis misaRwevad. boikoti [ingl. boycott] _ urTierTobis gawyveta pirTan, dawesebulebasTan an saxelmwifosTan. boni [frang. bon] _ (ekon., samarT.). 1. sakredito dokumenti, romliTac mis mflobels SeuZlia miiRos garkveuli Tanxa daTqmul vadaSi. 2. droebiTi qaRaldis fulis niSani. 3. xmarebidan gamosuli qaRaldis fuli, romelsac agroveben koleqciisaTvis. bonifikacia [frang. Bonification] _ (finans.). fasis wanamati saqonlis maRali xarisxisaTvis, romelic aWarbebs xelSekrulebiT dadgenil dones. bonusi [laT. bonus _ kargi] _ (ekon.). damatebiTi dajildoveba, premia; gamyidvelis fasdakleba mudmivi myidvelisaTvis. breid-vimpeli [hol. breedwimpel] _ (sazRvao, dipl.). sagangebo alami, romelsac samxedro xomaldze maSin aRmarTaven, roca masze maRali saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis piri imyofeba.

12

brein-dreini [ingl. brain _ tvini da drein _ drenaJi] _ `tvinis gadineba~; cxovrebis dabali donis qveynebidan maRalkvalificiuri specialistebis masiuri wasvla. brifingi [ingl. breifing _ sityva-sityviT instruqtaJi] _ (polit.). xanmokle TaTbiri an pres-konferencia saerTaSoriso da mniSvnelovan saxelmwifoebriv sakiTxebze JurnalistTa viwro wrisaTvis. brokeri [ingl. broker] _ (ekon.). birJis muSaki, bazris monawile, sabazro urTierTobaTa agenti, Suamavali. bruto [ital. brutto] _ (ekon.). saqonlis wona tarasTan da SesafuTTan erTad. (sapirisp. neto). bumi ekonomikuri [ingl. boom] _ (ekon.). saqmiani ciklis faza, warmoebis, vaWrobis, saqmiani aqtivobis xelovnurad gamowveuli moklevadiani aRmavloba. butlegeri [ingl. bootlegger] _ (samarT.). akrZaluli saqonliT (spirtiani sasmelebi) movaWre piri. buRalteria, buxhalteria [germ. Buch wigni da halter daWera] _ fuladi saxsrebisa da materialuri faseulobebis aRricxvis wignisa da uwyisebis warmoeba dokumentaciis gansazRvruli wesebisa da formebis dacviT.

g
gakotreba [ital. banko _ skami da otto _ gatexili] _ (ekon., samarT.). fuladi saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo movalis gadaxdisuunaroba. galanturi [frang. galant] _ (dipl.). didad Tavaziani, zrdilobiani. gapi [ingl. gap _ dacileba, garRveva] _ (ekon.). sabirJo saqonlis fasis mkveTri cvlileba, roca wina sabirJo dRis minimaluri fasi mimdinare dRis maqsimalur fasze maRalia an wina dRis maqsimaluri fasi mimdinare dRis minimalur fasze naklebia. garanti [frang. garant] _ (ekon. samarT.). saxelmwifo, dawesebuleba an piri, romelic iZleva risame garantias; Tavdebi. garantia [frang. garantie] _ iuridiuli dokumenti; piroba, romelic uzrunvelyofs risame warmatebas; sawindari. gaspadin, gaspaJa [rus. , ] _ ruseTSi: zrdilobiani mimarTva kacisadmi, qalisadmi. gastarbaiteri [germ. Gastarbeiter muSa-imigranti] _ (ekon., polit.). ucxoeli muSa, romelic samuSaodaa Casuli ekonomikurad sustad ganviTarebuli qveynidan industriulad ganviTarebul qveyanaSi. gaudeamusi [laT. gaudeamus _ `gavixaroT~] _ Zveleburi

13

studenturi simRera laTinur enaze; iwyeba sityvebiT: Gaudeamus igitur, juvenes dum sumus! _ amgvarad, gavixaroT, vidre axalgazrdebi varT. genezisi [berZ. genesis] _ warmoSoba, warmoqmna. genocidi [laT. gens _ gvari, tomi da caedere _ mokvla] _ (samarT., polit.). gaerTianebuli jgufis mTlianad an nawilobriv mospoba an misi mospobis safrTxis Seqmna erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi, religiuri an raime sxva niSniT. iTvleba erT-erT umZimes danaSaulad kacobriobis winaaRmdeg. geSefti [germ. Geschaft] _ (ekon.). gamorCenis (mogebis) mizniT wamowyebuli saqme. gildia [germ. Gilde] _ erTnairi profesiis adamianTa (vaWarTa, xelosanTa) gaerTianeba Sua saukuneebis evropaSi. globaluri [frang. global] _ 1. saerTo, mTliani, erTad aRebuli. 2. rac mTel msoflios moicavs. mag., globaluri politika, globaluri ekonomika. glosari, glosariumi [laT. glossar, glossarium] _ (samarT.). kanonebisa da iuridiuli aqtebis ganmartebaTa krebuli. gradacia [laT. gradatio] _ erTi safexuridan meoreze TandaTanobiT gadasvla; TandaTanoba, Tanamimdevroba. granti [ingl. grant _ subsidia, saCuqari] _ 1. (samarT.).

vinmesTvis raimes (umetesad fulis) micema (mudmivad an droebiT) werilobiTi dokumentiT; Cuqeba; boZeba. 2. mTavrobis, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis an sxva organizaciis mier micemuli fuli raime gadasaxadis gadaxdaSi dasaxmareblad. grantori _ maCuqebeli, cedenti. grinbeki [ingl. greenback] _ amerikuli dolaris popularuli saxelwodeba. gubernatori [ingl. governor] _ piri, romelic marTavs Stats an provincias; mmarTveli. gudvili [ingl. goodwill] _ (ekon.). firmis aqtivebi, kapitali, romelic ar eqvemdebareba materialur ganzomilebas. mag., reputacia, teqnikuri kompetenciebi, kavSirebi, marketinguli xerxebi, adgilmdebareoba da sxv.

d
damfinicia [laT. damnum _ zarali da facere _ keTeba] _ (ekon., samarT.). dazaraleba. dauning-striti [ingl. Downing street] _ (dipl.). londonSi: quCa, sadac mdebareobs inglisis sagareo saqmeTa saministro; ase uwodeben TviT am saministros (zogjer, saerTod, mTavrobasac). debatebi [frang. dbats] (polit.). raime sakiTxis sajaro ganxilva, azrTa gaziareba; kamaTi.

14

debentura [laT. debere _ iyos movaled] _ (samarT.). sabaJo mowmoba baJis dabrunebamde. debeti [laT. debet] _ (buxhalt.). fuli, romelic kompanias marTebs. (sapirisp. krediti). debitori [laT. debitor] _ piri, romelmac vinmes winaSe valdebuleba ikisra; movale. (sapirisp. kreditori). degresia [laT. degressio _ ukan daxeva] _ 1. raimes TandaTanobiT Semcireba, kleba. 2. (finans.). gadasaxadiT proporciuli dabegvra _ ufro mcire Semosavalze dabegvris procentis Semcireba. deduqcia [laT. deductio _ gamoyvana] _ mtkicebis erTerTi gza logikaSi, zogadi debulebidan kerZo daskvnis gamoyvana. (sapirisp. induqcia). devalvacia [laT. de _ amoReba da valer _ Rirs] _ (ekon.). qveyanaSi fulis reforma, gaufasurebuli fulis niSnebis amoReba mimoqcevidan da srulfasiani sakredito bileTebiT Secvla (Ria devalvacia) an brunvaSi myofi fulis niSnebis oficialuri kursis dabla daweva (faruli devalvacia). deviacia [laT. dviatio _ gadaxra] _ (ekon.). fasiani qaRaldebis kursis, sabirJo saqonlis fasebis uecari gadaxra forsmaJorul garemoebaTa gavleniT.

devizi [frang. devise] _ (finans.). saerTaSoriso sagadasaxdelo saSualeba Tamasuqebis, Cekebis, gzavnilebis, akreditivebis saxiT, romlebic wamoyenebulia ucxo bankebSi da unda ganaRdes sazRvargareT ucxour valutaSi. dezavuireba [frang. dsavouer] _ (polit., samarT.). uaryofa; visime gancxadeba, rom igi ar eTanxmeba Tavisi warmomadgenlis moqmedebas. de-iure [laT. de jure] _ kanonisamebr, iuridiulad, visime cnoba formalurad. (sapirisp. de-faqto). deklaracia [laT. declaratio] _ (polit.). 1. oficialuri gancxadeba raime aqtisa, kanonisa. 2. (finans.). gadasaxadis gadamxdelis gancxadeba Tavisi Semosavlis, qonebis raodenobis Sesaxeb. 3. sabaJos dokumenti, romelSic mocemulia informacia sazRvarze gadasazid saqonelze. deklasifikacia [ingl. declassification] _ raimesTvis saidumlo grifis moxsna; cnobilad CaTvla. dekorti [germ. Dekort] _ (ekon.). fasis dakleba saqonelze, rodesac misi xarisxi da raodenoba ar Seesabameba pirobiT daTqmuls. dekreti [laT. decretum] _ (samarT.). xelisuflebis umaRlesi organos dadgenileba, gankarguleba, romelsac kanonis Zala aqvs.

15

deliveri [ingl. delivery] _ (samarT.). mflobelis werilobiTi orderi saqonlis gacemis Sesaxeb. delimitacia sazRvrisa [laT. delimitatio _ dadgena] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: saxelmwifo sazRvris mdgomareobisa da mimarTulebis dadgena momijnave saxelmwifoebs Soris molaparakebaTa gziT. delinkventi [laT. delinquens _ danaSaulis Camdeni] _ (samarT.). piri, romelmac ar Seasrula kanoniT (xelSekrulebiT) masze dakisrebuli valdebuleba, dauSva darRveva, Caidina danaSauli da a.S. delistingi [ingl. delisting] _ (ekon.). fasiani qaRaldebis amoReba safondo birJaze registraciis siidan. (sapirisp. listingi). deliqti [laT. delictum] _ (samarT.). kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedeba, danaSauli, romelmac gamoiwvia zarali da iTvaliswinebs misi anazRaurebis valdebulebas. deliqturi _ samoqalaqo kanondarRvevasTan dakavSirebuli. delkredere [ital. del credere _ ndobiT] _ samoqalaqo samarTalSi: xelSekrulebis piroba, romlis mixedviTac komisioneri kisrulobs pasuxismgeblobas mesame piris mier garigebis Sesrulebaze. demagogia [berZ. dmaggia] _ (polit.). 1. xalxis mxardaWeris mopoveba maT grZnobebze

da cruSexedulebebze TamaSiT. 2. sakiTxis aramarTebulad gaSuqeba Segnebulad; faqtebis damaxinjeba. demarkacia [laT. dmarcation _ gamijvna] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos sazRvris adgilze gatareba da misi specialuri sasazRvro niSnebiT dafiqsireba. demarSi [frang. dmarche] _ (dipl.). erTi saxelmwifos mTavrobis mimarTva meorisadmi (nota, memorandumi, gancxadeba da misT.). demereji [ingl. demurage] _ (ekon., samarT.). jarima, pirgasamtexlo, romelsac tvirTis mflobeli (damfraxtavi) uxdis gemis mesakuTres gemis mocdenisaTvis. demilitarizacia [frang. dmilitariser] _ (polit., samarT.). saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT romelime saxelmwifosaTvis saomari teqnikis raodenobrivi SezRudva; ganiaraReba. demokratia [berZ. dmokratia] _ (polit.). saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis forma, roca umaRlesi xelisufleba mTel xalxs ekuTvnis. dempingi [ingl. dumping _ Camogdeba] _ (ekon.). saqonlis gayidva xelovnurad Semcirebuli fasebiT. denacionalizacia [frang. dnationalisation] _ (polit., ekon.). saxelmwifo obieqtebis gadacema kerZo sakuTrebaSi. (sapirisp. nacionalizacia).

16

denominacia [laT. denominatio _ gadarqmeva] _ (finans.). gaufasurebuli qaRaldis fulis niSnebis saxelis Secvla da maTi nominaluri Rirebulebis Semcireba. denonsacia [frang. dnonciation _ Setyobineba] _ (dipl.). erTi saxelmwifos mier meorisaTvis Setyobineba maT Soris moqmedi xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. depoziti [laT. depositum _ Sesanaxad micemuli ram] _ (finans.). fuladi anabari; xelSekruleba minabarebis Sesaxeb. depozitari qveynebi _ (dipl.). saxelmwifoebi, romelTa Soris dadebul xelSekrulebas Semdgom SeuZliaT xeli moaweron sxva msurvelma qveynebma. deponenti [laT. deponentus _ gadadeba] _ fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, romelmac Sesanaxad gadasca sakredito dawesebulebas (banks) fuli an fasiani qaRaldebi. deponireba [laT. deponere _ Sesanaxad gadacema] _ 1. (dipl.). saratifikacio sigelebis Sesanaxad gadacema romelime saxelmwifos an saerTaSoriso organosaTvis (Tu xelSekrulebas xeli moawera ramdenime qveyanam). 2. (finans.). depozitis Setana. deporti [frang. dport] _ (ekon.). spekulaciuri sabirJo garigeba, romelic ideba safondo birJaze fasiani qaRaldebis kursis dacemaze

moTamaSe pirebis (`daTvebi~) mier. (sapirisp. reporti). deportacia [laT. deportatio] _ (polit.). pirovnebis gaZeveba misi mudmivi adgilsamyofelidan da sxva adgilas iZulebiT dasaxleba. depresia [laT. depressio _ daTrgunva] _ (ekon.). sameurneo saqmianobis moduneba, Seferxeba. deputati [laT. deputatus] _ arCeviTi saxelmwifo dawesebulebis wevri; arCeuli warmomadgeneli. derivati [laT. derivatus _ gamoyofili] _ xelSekruleba (ofcioni, fiuCersi), romelic efuZneba valutebis, fasiani qaRaldebis kursebs; mflobels aZlevs SesaZleblobas daifiqsiros saqonlis yidvis (gayidvis) xelsayreli fasi. despani [ingl. envoy] _ (dipl.). ufrosi diplomati (rangiT elCze dabali); piri, romelic erTi mTavrobisgan an organizaciisgan SetyobinebiT gaigzavna meoresTan. despotia [berZ. despotia] _ (polit.). ganusazRvreli uflebebis mqone umaRlesi xelisufalis (despotis) mmarTveloba. destruqcia [laT. destruction] _ rRveva, risame normaluri struqturis daSla. detanti [frang. dtente] _ (polit.). daZabulobis Seneleba saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi (aSS-sa da zogierT sxva qveyanaSi miRebuli termini).

17

deteqtivi [ingl. detective] _ ucxoeTis qveynebSi samZebro policiis agenti; maZebari. de-faqto [laT. defacto] _ (samarT.). faqtobrivad, visime an risime cnoba sinamdvileSi. (sapirisp. de-iure). definicia [laT. definitio] _ sagnis zusti gansazRvra misi yvelaze arsebiTi niSnebis mixedviT. deficiti [laT. deficit _ aklia] _ (ekon.). 1. ramis (saqonlis, finansebis) nakleboba; 2. gasavlis metoba Semosavalze. deflacia [laT. deflatio _ gamoberva, Seberva] _ (ekon.). brunvaSi myofi qaRaldis fulis raodenobrivi Semcireba misi msyidvelobiTunarianobis asawevad. defolti [ingl. defolt] _ (finans.). fasian qaRaldze procentis gacemis Sewyveta. decentralizacia _ (polit.). 1. mmarTvelobis sistema, roca centraluri xelisuflebis zogi funqcia gadaecema TviTmmarTvelobis adgilobriv organoebs; 2. centralizaciis Sesusteba an gauqmeba. decimacia [laT. decimus _ meaTe] _ (ist.). yoveli meaTe adamianis dasja damnaSavis mounaxaobis SemTxvevaSi. diaspora [berZ. diaspora _ gabneva] _ xalxis (eTnikuri erTobis) mniSvnelovani nawi-

lis yofna Tavisi qveynis farglebs gareT. digestebi [laT. digesta] _ romauli samoqalaqo samarTlis krebuli, romelic gamoaqveynes 533 w. imperator iustinianes dros; Seicavda romaeli iuristebis mravalricxovani Sromebidan amokrefil adgilebs da kanonis Zala hqonda (sxvanairad: pandeqtebi). diversifikacia [laT. deversus _ sxvadasxva da facere _ keTeba] _ (ekon.). kerZo piris an firmis saqmianobis gafarToeba. dividendi [laT. devidendus _ gasayofi] _ (ekon.). aqcionerTaTvis kompaniis mogebis nawilis gadaxda. dizaJio [ital. disaggio] _ (finans.). qaRaldis fulis niSnebisa da sxva fasiani qaRaldebis kursis Semcireba. (sapirisp. aJio). dileri [ingl. dialer _ movaWre, agenti] _ (ekon., samarT.). kerZo piri an firma, safondo birJis wevri, romelic moqmedebs Tavisi saxeliTa da xarjiT. dilingi [ingl. dealing] _ (ekon.). 1. yidva-gayidva londonis safondo birJaze. 2. saqmiani garigeba; finansuri operacia; fasebis dacema-amaRlebaze TamaSi. dilucia mogebis [ingl. dilutio earnings] _ (ekon.). Semosavlianobis Semcireba.

18

diplomati [frang. diplomate] _ 1. Tanamdebobis piri (mag., elCi), romelic Tavisi qveynis oficialuri warmomadgenelia sxva qveyanaSi. 2. (gadat.) sxva adamianebTan urTierTobaSi mSvidi da taqtiani. diplomatia [frang. diplomatie] _ 1. mTavrobis saqmianoba saxelmwifos sagareo, saerTaSoriso politikis gansaxorcieleblad. 2. sxva qveyanaSi sakuTari qveynis interesebis marTva diplomatebis mier. diplomatiuri korpusi _ ama Tu im qveyanaSi akreditebuli ucxo qveynebis diplomatiur warmomadgenlobaTa erToblioba. diplomatiuri imuniteti _ ix. imuniteti diplomatiuri. direqtiva [frang. directive _ gagzavna] _ zemdgomi organos an Tanamdebobis piris savaldebulod Sesasrulebeli saxelmZRvanelo miTiTeba; instruqciebis gacema. disidenti [laT. dissidens _ winaaRmdegi] _ piri, romelic ar iziarebs qveyanaSi gabatonebul ideologias; sxvagvarad moazrovne. diskvalifikacia [ingl. disqualify] _ (samarT.). vinmesTvis: 1. uflebis CamorTmeva. 2. araqmedunarianad gadaqceva. diskonti [ingl. discount] _ (finans.). 1. Tamasuqis an fasiani qaRaldis ganaRdeba. 2. fasCamokleba.

diskreditacia [frang. discrditer _ ndobis dakargva] _ 1. ganzrax moqmedeba, romelic subieqtis (adamianis, firmis da sxv.) avtoritetis, imijis Sesaryevad aris mimarTuli. 2. (samarT). Cveneba imisa, rom piri ar aris sando. diskreciuli [frang. discrtionnire _ piradi Sexedulebis mixedviT, TviTneburad] _ Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr moqmedi. diskriminacia [laT. discriminatio _ garCeva] _ 1. (dipl.). rasobrivi an nacionaluri kuTvnilebis, socialuri warmoSobis, politikuri Sexedulebebis, sqesis an sxva niSnis mixedviT moqalaqeTa garkveuli kategoriisaTvis uflebebis SezRudva an CamorTmeva. 2. (ekon.) ekonomikuri subietis (saxelmwifo, sawarmo, moqalaqe) uflebaTa ukanonod Selaxva an CamorTmeva. (sapirisp. retorsia). diskusia [laT. discussio _ kvleva, ganxilva] _ raime sadavo sakiTxis sajaro ganxilva; kamaTi, paeqroba. dismili [ingl. dismissal _ daTxovna] _ (dipl.). diplomatis kerZo pirad gamocxadeba. dispaSi [frang. dispache] _ (ekon.). zaralis gaangariSeba (gemis avariis SemTxvevaSi). dispozicia [laT. dispositio _ ganawileba] _ (samarT.). kanonebsa da xelSekrulebebSi dafiqsirebuli ekonomikuri

19

saqmianobis amkrZalavi an SemzRudveli samarTlebrivi normamiTiTebebi. disputi [laT. disputo _ vmsjelob, vkamaTob] _ sajaro kamaTi, paeqroba raime sakiTxze. distribucia [ingl. distribution] _ (vaWr.). ganawileba; saqonlis biTumad Sesyidva da gayidva. diferenti [laT. differens] _ (finans.). savaWro operaciebSi: saqonlis SekveTisa da miRebis dros arsebuli fasTasxvaoba. diqtati [laT. dictatus _ miwerili] _ 1. (ekon.). ekonomikuri subieqtisaTvis moqmedebis gansazRvruli wesis iZulebiT Tavsmoxveva. 2. (dipl.). xelSekrulebaSi araTanasworuflebiani pirobebis miniWeba ufro Zlieri mxaris mier. diqtatori _ (polit.). mmarTveli, romelsac sruli piradi Zalaufleba gaaCnia. diqtatura [laT. dictatura] _ (polit.). gabatonebuli klasis SeuzRudveli saxelmwifo Zalaufleba. dogma [berZ. dogma] _ (samarT.). 1. ZiriTadi debuleba. 2. dausabuTeblad, brmad miRebuli debuleba, romelic miiCneva uryev WeSmaritebad yvela droisa da istoriuli pirobebisaTvis. dokumenti [laT. documentum] _ (samarT.). risame damamtkicebeli saqmiani qaRaldi; raime uflebis damadasturebeli sa-

buTi; visime vinaobis damamtkicebeli mowmoba. dominireba [laT. dominary _ Warboba] _ (ekon.). 1. erTi ekonomikuri subieqtis an misi saqonlis upiratesi mdgomareoba sxvebTan SedarebiT. 2. gabatonebuli idea, risame ZiriTadi niSani. domicili [laT. domicilium _ adgilsamyofeli] _ mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili; warmoebis adgili (gansakuTrebiT gadasaxadis miznebisaTvis). 2. adgili, sadac xdeba Tamasuqis ganaRdeba an gadasaxadis gadaxda, roca gadamxdeli sxvagan cxovrobs. dosie [frang. dossier] _ (samarT.). raime sakiTxTan an saqmesTan dakavSirebuli, erTad Sekrebili dokumentebi. dotacia [laT. dotatio _ saCuqari, Senawiri] _ (ekon.). saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili fuladi saxsrebi zaraliani sawarmoebis dasafinanseblad. doqtrina [laT. doctrina] _ 1. moZRvreba, mecnieruli an filosofiuri Teoria, sistema. 2. kanonis zogadi principi. (mag., monros dotrina _ principi, rom aSS-is interesSi Sedis sxva amerikuli saxelmwifoebis SidasaqmeebSi garedan Carevis Tavidan acileba). duaieni [frang. doyen] _ diplomatiuri korpusis meTauri, mamasaxlisi.

20

dublikati [laT. dublicatus _ gaormagebuli] _ raime werilobiTi dokumentis meore cali, romelsac iuridiulad dedanis Zala aqvs. duopolia [laT. duo _ ori da berZ. poleo _ vyidi] _ (ekon.). meurneobis dargis sabazro struqtura, romlis drosac arsebobs garkveuli saqonlis mxolod ori mimwodebeli da maT Soris ar aris dadebuli monopolisturi SeTanxmeba gasaRebis bazrebis, fasebisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.

e
egalitarizmi [ingl. egalitarianism] _ politikuri Teoria imis Taobaze, rom sazogadoebis yvela wevrs Tanabari uflebebi aqvs da erTnairad unda moepyron maT. egzekvatura [laT. exsequor _ gamorkveva, dadgena, Sesruleba] _ 1. (dipl.). mimRebi saxelmwifos mTavrobis oficialuri dokumenti konsulis cnobis Sesaxeb. 2. (samarT.). sxva qveyanaSi gamotanili sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba mocemul qveyanaSi. ediqti [laT. adictum] _ (samarT.). xelisuflebis werilobiTi brZaneba; kanonis sajarod gamocxadeba. evolucia [laT. evolutio] _ risame cvlis, ganviTarebis procesi.

evro [ingl. Euro] _ evrokavSiris 15 qveynis saerTo valuta. evrokardi [ingl. eurocard] _ saerTaSoriso-sakredito baraTi, evropuli sabanko sistemis monawile qveynebSi gamoyenebis uflebiT. ekautingi [ingl. account _ angariSi] _ (finans.). finansuri informaciis Sekreba, damuSaveba-analizTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba. ekvivalenti [laT. auquivalens] _ tolmniSvnelovani. ekzekucia [laT. exsecutio _ Sesruleba] _ (samarT.). sasamarTlo ganaCenis an administraciuli gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba. ekologia [berZ. Oikos _ saxli, adgilsamyofeli da logos _ moZRvreba] _ adamianis urTierToba garemomcvel bunebasTan. ekonometrika _ [ekono(mika) da berZ. metreo vzomav] _ mecniereba, romelic Seiwavlis ekonomikuri obieqtebisa da procesebis konkretul raodenobriv kanonzomierebebs maTematikuri da statistikuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. ekonomia [berZ. oikonomia _ meurneobis marTva] _ (ekon.). momWirneobiT xarjva risame; momWirneoba. ekonomika [berZ. Oikos _ saxli, meurneoba da nomos _ wesi, kanoni; erTobliobaSi _ meurneobis gaZRolis wesebi] _

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1. mecnierebis dargi. 2. meurneoba, saSualebebis, obieqtebis, procesebis erToblioba, romelsac adamianebi iyeneben sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad. ekonomiuri blokada [ingl. blockade _ alya] _ qveynis ekonomikuri politika sxva qveynis mier yvela an zogierT saqonelze vaWrobis SezRudvis an akrZalvis Sesaxeb. eleqtronuli autsorsingi _ sxva organizaciaze biznesprocesebisa da momsaxurebis Sesrulebis gadacema, romelic dafuZnebulia informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebaze. eleqtronuli bazari _ momwodeblebisa da myidvelebis jgufi, romlebic erTian sainformacio-teqnologiur infrastruqturaSi TanamSromloben. eleqtronuli biznesi _ biznesi, romlis efeqturoba da konkurentunarianoba transaqciebis ganxorcielebis dros dafuZnebulia informaciuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebaze. eleqtronuli komercia _ eleqtronuli qselis meSveobiT biznes-partniorebs Soris ganxorcielebuli komerciuli saqmianoba eleqtronuli maRazia _ veb-saiti, romelzedac SesyidvisaTvis ganTavsebulia saqonlis katalogi, virtualuri kalaTa, sagadamxdelo instru-

mentebi da SeiZleba SekveTis miwodebis marTvis sistemac. eleqtronuli fuli _ kompiuterSi an inteleqtualur baraTze specialuri Canawerebis saxiT arsebuli fuli, romelic gamoiyeneba partniorebs Soris Sesyidvisa da angariSsworebisaTvis konkretuli informaciuli teqnologiebis CarCoebSi. emansipacia [laT. emancipatio] _ (polit.). damoukideblobis miniWeba, uflebebSi gaTanasworeba. embargo [esp. embargo _ akrZalva] _ (ekon., polit.). saxelmwifos mier qveyanaSi garkveuli saqonlis, faseulobis, oqros, fasiani qaRaldebis, valutis gatanis an Semotanis akrZalva. emigranti [laT. emigrans _ vinc gadasaxldeba] _ Tavisi qveynidan nebayoflobiT (iZulebiT) gadasaxlebuli piri ekonomikuri, politikuri, religiuri mizezebis gamo. emigracia [laT. emigro _ gadavsaxldebi] _ iZulebiT an nebayoflobiT gadasaxleba Tavisi samSoblodan sxva qveyanaSi. emisari [laT. emissarius _ gagzavnili] _ (dipl.). saxelmwifos an kerZo piris piradi warmomadgeneli, romelic asrulebs sxvadasxva (ZiriTadad, saidumlo) davalebas ucxo qveyanaSi.

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emisia [laT. emissio] _ (finans.). qaRaldis fulis masiuri gamoSveba. emitenti [laT. emissio _ gamoSveba] _ (finans.). nebismieri organo an organizacia (saxelmwifo banki, dawesebuleba, sawarmo, kompania), romelic awarmoebs emisias. e senior _ (dipl.). portugaliaSi: zrdilobiani mimarTvis forma mamakacisadmi. (qalisa _ a seniora). eskrou [ingl. escrow] _ (samarT.). dokumenti (aqti da misT.), rasac masSi monawile mxareebi gadascemen damoukidebel pirs, romelic mxolod maSin daubrunebs maT, rodesac garkveuli pirobebi iqneba Sesrulebuli. estopeli [laT. estoppel] _ saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi norma, romelic niSnavs saxelmwifos an saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier uflebis dakargvas da miuTiTebs im garemoebebze, romlebic ganapirobeben misTvis saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis moqmedebis Sewyvetas, SeCerebas an baTilad cnobas. etiketi _ (samarT. ekon.) saqonelze, produqciaze dakruli savaWro niSani, romelzec naCvenebia misi saxelwodeba, Semcveloba da sxv. etiketi diplomatiuri [frang. tiquette] _ Tavazianobis, qcevis wesebis erToblioba, miRebuli garkveul socialur

wreebSi (mefis karze, diplomatiur urTierTobebSi da a.S.). eqaunTanTi [ingl. assountant] _ (finans.). buxhalteri; piri, romelsac SeuZlia sabuxhaltro angariSis warmoeba. eqskluziuri [ingl. exclusive] _ gansakuTrebuli, erTaderTi (mag., ufleba, interviu da a.S. eqs-oficio [laT. ex officio] _ (samarT.). sabirJo saqmianobaSi garkveuli pirobebis Seqmna Ria konkurentuli vaWrobisaTvis kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. eqspansia ekonomikuri [laT. expansio _ gavrceleba] _ qveynis, firmis ekonomikuri gavlenis sferos gafarToeba mis sazRvrebs gareT. eqspatriacia [laT. ex -gan, idan da patria _ samSoblo] _ nebayoflobiTi an iZulebiTi gasvla samSoblodan, Cveulebriv, moqalaqeobis gamocvliT. eqsperti [laT. expertus _ gamocdili] _ risame specialisti, visac iwveven rTul, sadavo SemTxvevebSi. eqspertiza [frang. expertise] _ konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb eqspertuli gamokvleva. eqspluatacia [frang. exploitation] _ 1. sxvisi Sromis nayofis miTviseba; 2. bunebriv simdidreTa damuSaveba, gamoyeneba. 3. warmoebis, transportis da sxva saSualebaTa gamoyeneba. eqsporti [ingl. export] _ (ekon.). sazRvargareT saqonlis

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gasayidad gatana. (sapirisp. importi). eqsportiori [ingl. exporter] _ (ekon.). eqsportis mawarmoebeli, sazRvargareT saqonlis gamtani piri an organizacia. eqspropreacia [laT. expropriatio _ sakuTrebis CamorTmeva] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos mier qonebis iZulebiTi, usasyidlo an anazRaurebiTi CamorTmeva an gasxviseba. eqspropreacias kompensaciis gacemiT rekvizicias uwodeben, xolo gacemis gareSe _ konfiskacias. eqstensiuri [laT. extensivus _ rac farTovdeba] _ (ekon.). raimes gafarToeba (mag., warmoebis), gagrZeleba (vadis) da sxv. (sapirisp. intensiuri). eqsteritoriuloba [laT. ex -gan, -dan da territorialis _ teritoriaze myofi] _ sakuTari saxelmwifos kanonebis damorCileba da ucxo saxelmwifos iurisdiqciisagan sruli an nawilobrivi gaTavisufleba (mag., diplomatebis Sesaxeb). eqstra [laT. extra] _ rTuli sityvis pirveli Semadgeneli nawili; niSnavs: gareSe. mag., eqsteritoriuli wylebi _ saerTaSoriso wylebi, qveynis iurisdiqciis gareT myofi. eqstradicia [laT. ex -gan, dan da traditio _ gadacema] _ (samarT.). ucxo saxelmwifosaTvis im piris gadacema, vinc

am saxelmwifos kanonebi daarRvia. eqstraneti [ingl. Extranet] _ internetis teqnologiaze dafuZnebuli korporatiuli eleqtronuli qseli, romelic kompanias Tavis momwodeblebTan akavSirebs. eqstremizmi [laT. extremus] _ukiduresi Sexedulebazomebis momxreoba (ZiriTadad, politikaSi). eqscesi [laT. excessus _ gamosvla, gadaxra] _ (samarT.). risame normaluri mimdinareobis darRveva; mwvave SexlaSemoxla; procesis mimdinareobis iSviaTi xasiaTi.

v
va-bank! [frang. va banque] _ (finans.). didi finansuri riski. valvacia [frang. valuation _ Sefaseba] _ (finans.). ucxouri valutis kursis erovnul fulad erTeulSi gansazRvra. valorizacia [frang. valorisation] _ (finans.). raime saqonlis fasis xelovnurad aweva, umTavresad am saqonlis warmoebis Sekvecis gziT; RonisZiebaTa erToblioba qaRaldis fulis kursis asawevad. valuta [ital. valuta _ Rirebuleba] _ (finans.). ucxo qveynis fuli. vandalizmi [laT. vandali] _ kulturis ZeglTa ganadgureba.

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vauCeri [ingl. voucher _ xelwerili] _ (ekon., samarT.). baraTi, romelic privatizeciaSi monawileobis uflebas iZleva. velferi [ingl. wellfare] _ (finans.). fuladi saxis oficialuri daxmareba. venCuruli [ingl. venture _ riskiani] _ (finans.). mecnierul-teqnikuri siaxleebis danergvis dakrediteba-dafinanseba. verbaluri [laT. verbalis] _ sityvieri, zepiri. verbaluri nota _ (dipl.). xelmouwereli nota, romelic zepir gancxadebas uTanabrdeba. verdiqti [ingl.-frang. verdict < laT.] _ (samarT.). nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganaCeni, gadawyvetileba. verifikacia [laT. verificatio] _ (samarT.). risame (masalebis, dokumentebis da sxv.) WeSmaritebis Semowmeba, namdvilobis dadgena. versia [frang. version] _ (samarT.). raime faqtis, movlenis erT-erTi axsna. veto [ingl. veto _ vkrZalav] _ 1. uzenaesi organos (monarqis an prezidentis) ufleba _ uaryos sxva (sakanonmdeblo) organos dadgenileba. 2. saxelmwifo samarTalSi: akrZalva, romelsac adebs erTi saxelmwifo organo meoris gadawyvetilebas. 3. saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: sxvadasxva qveynis warmomadgenelTagan

Semdgari koleqtiuri organos (sadac sakiTxebi wydeba erTxmad) erT-erTi wevris gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom igi winaaRmdegia umravlesobis gadawyvetilebisa; xorcieldeba xmis micemiT. veqsili [germ. wechsel] _ (finans.). Tamasuqi, garkveul vadaze gansazRvruli Tanxis gadaxdis werilobiTi valdebuleba. viza [laT. visa _ naxuli] _ 1. (samarT.). Tanamdebobis piris aRniSvna sabuTze imis Sesaxeb, rom igi wardgenilia saTanadod da rigzea. 2. saxelmwifoSi Sesvlis, iqidan gamgzavrebis an mis teritoriaze gavlis nebarTva, romelsac iZleva am qveynis mTavroba. viziti [frang. visite] _ (dipl.). mcire xniT misvla vinmesTan. vizualuri [laT. visualis] _ mxedvelobiTi; vizualuri dakvirveba _ dakvirveba SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT an optikuri xelsawyoTi (fotogadaRebis sapirispirod). vindikacia [laT. vindicatio _ dacva] _ (samarT). mesakuTris ufleba sasamarTlos meSveobiT moiTxovos sakuTari qonebis dabruneba im pirisagan, romelic ukanonod flobs mas. virementi [frang. virement _ moxveva] _ (finans.). sabanko operacia: erTi piris mimdinare angariSidan meore piris

25

mimdinare angariSze Tanxis gadatana. virtualuri [laT. virtualis] _ rac SeiZleba saTanado pirobebSi gamovlindes; SesaZlebeli. virtualuri banki _ banki, romelic Tavis klientebs internetis meSveobiT emsaxureba. viqtomologia [laT. victima _ msxverpli da logos _ moZRvreba] _ kriminologiis dargi, romelic ZiriTadad swavlobs dazaralebulis fsiqomoralur Tvisebebs. vice [laT. vice _ nacvlad, magier] _ moadgile, Semcvleli. votumi [laT. votum _ survili] _ (polit.). xmis micemis formiT gamoxatuli gadawyvetileba, azri.

Teokratia [berZn. theos _ RmerTi kratos _ xelisufleba] _ (polit.). RvTismsaxurTa (samRvdeloebis) politikuri Zalaufleba. Teoria [berZ. theria] _ gamocdilebis, sazogadoebrivi praqtikis logikuri ganzogadeba; asaxavs bunebisa da sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kanonzomierebas. 2. im ganzogadebul debulebaTa erTolioba, romlebic qmnian raime mecnierebas an mis erT-erT dargs; mecnierebis dargis zogadi, ganyenebuli safuZvlebi.

i
ignorireba [laT. ignoro _ ar vici] _ ugulebelyofa. idea [berZ. idea] _ 1. cneba, warmodgena, romelic asaxavs sinamdviles adamianis cnobierebaSi da gamoxatavs adamianis damokidebulebas samyarosadmi. 2. msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTadi, arsebiTi principi. 3. azri, Canafiqri. idealuri saqoneli [ingl. ideal goods] _ (ekon.). saqoneli, romelsac SeuZlia adamianis konkretuli moTxovnileba srulad daakmayofilos da sabazro saqonlis ZiriTadi niSnebi ganasaxieros. identifikacia [laT. identifiko _ vaigiveb] _ (samarT.). gaTanabreba; amocnoba; realuri obieqtis, saqonlis Sesabami-

T
Talmudi [Zv. ebr.] _ ebraelTa religiuri, sayofacxovrebo-samarTlebrivi normebis krebuli; Sedgenili bibliis (`Zveli aRTqmis~) wignebis ganmartebaTa safuZvelze. Temida _ ityvian marTlmsajulebaze. [ZvelberZnuli miTologiis marTlmsajulebis qalRmerT Themis-is saxelis mixedviT; mas gamoxatavdnen Tvalaxveuls, romelsac cal xelSi saswori eWira, xolo meoreSi _ maxvili].

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sobis dadgena masze warmodgenil dokumentaciasTan. identuri [laT. identicus] _ (samarT., ekon.). savsebiT msgavsi, erTnairi, igiveobrivi. ierarqia [berZ. hierarchia] _ (polit.). TanamdebobaTa Tanamimdevroba udablesidan umaRlesisaken. izolacia [frang. isolation] _ ganmxoloeba, gancalkeveba, daSoriSoreba, gamijvna. izolacionizmi _ politika, roca qveyana uars ambobs sxva qveynebis saSinao saqmeebSi Carevaze da amitom ar debs maTTan xelSekrulebebs. imigranti [laT. immigrans (immigrantis) _ vinc Sesaxldeba] _ sxva qveyanaSi Casaxlebuli piri. imigracia [laT. immigro _ Sesaxleba] _ sxva qveynis moqalaqeTa ucxo qveyanaSi droebiT an mudmiv sacxovreblad Sesvla. imitacia [laT. imitatio _ mimsgavseba] _ ekonomikuri obieqtis an procesis aranamdvili, magram namdvils damsgavsebuli rame. imiji [ingl. image] _ pirovnebis, firmis, saqonlis reputacia. imobilizacia (sabrunavi saSualebebis) [laT. immobilis _ uZravi] _ moZravi qonebis uZravad gadaqceva. imperativi [laT. imperativus] _ brZaneba; dabejiTebuli,

aucileblad Sesasrulebeli moTxovna. imperializmi [frang. imperialisme < laT.] _ koloniebisagan Semdgari imperiis qonis idea an praqtika. impiCi [ingl. impeach] _ (samarT.). 1. parlamentis winaSe piris (maT Soris, saxelmwifos meTauris) saxelmwifo RalatSi dadanaSauleba. 2. mowmis komprometireba. impiCmenti [ingl. impeachment] _ (samarT.). zogierT qveyanaSi (mag., aSS-Si da sxv.) saxelmwifos umaRles Tanamdebobis pirTa saparlamento sasamarTloSi micemis procedura. importi [ingl. import, laT. importare] _ (ekon.). ucxouri saqonlis qveyanaSi gasayidad Semotana. (sapirisp. eqsporti). imuniteti [laT. immunitas _ ramesgan gaTavisufleba] _ (samarT.) calkeuli pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba, masze zogierTi kanonis gauvrcelebloba. mag., deputatis imuniteti _ sakanonmdeblo organos wevris pirovnebis xelSeuxebloba (ar SeiZleba misi dapatimreba an pasuxismgeblobaSi micema sakanonmdeblo organos Tanxmobis gareSe). imuniteti diplomatiuri _ diplomatiuri warmomadgenlis xelSeuxebloba da misi binis Seuvaloba. inauguracia [ingl. inauguration] _ (dipl.). axali prezidentis saxelmwifos saTaveSi

27

oficialurad Cadgomis sazeimo ceremonia. indemniteti [germ. Indemnitt, ingl. indemnity] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: zaralis anazRaureba. indeqsi [laT. index] _ (ekon.). ekonomikur-statistikuri maCvenebeli; SefardebiTi saxiT gamoxatavs raime ekonomikuri movlenis cvalebadobas droSi. mag., fasebis indeqsi, xelfasis indeqsi da misT. indikatori [laT. indicator] _ saorientacio ekonomikuri maCvenebeli; iZleva ekonomikuri procesebis mosalodneli mimarTulebiT ganviTarebis prognozirebis SesaZleblobas. indosamenti, Jiro [germ. Indossament] _ dokumentze xelmowera, riTac is sxva pirs gadaecema. 1. (finans.). fasiani qaRaldis (Cveulebriv, Tamasuqis) ukana gverdze warwera, rac adasturebs mis gadacemas sxva pirze. 2. (samarT.). xelmowera, riTac dokumenti iuridiul Zalas iZens. 3. polisze minaweri, riTac polisSi aRniSnul Tanxas Rebulobs mzRveveli. industria [laT. industria _ saqmianoba] _ (ekon.). mrewveloba, gansakuTrebiT msxvili (mZime). induqcia [laT. inductio] _ azrovnebis meTodi _ kerZo faqtebidan zogadi daskvnis gamoyvana. (sapirisp. deduqcia).

ineqciebi [laT. injectio] _ ekonomikaSi fuladi saxsrebis (kapitalis) erTjeradi dabandeba. investireba [ingl. invest] _ (ekon.). kapitalis dabandeba; fulis Cadeba biznesSi. investicia [germ. Investition] _ kapitalis grZelvadiani dabandeba raime warmoebaSi, umTavresad fasiani qaRaldebis: aqciebis, obligaciebisa da sxvaTa Sesyidvis saxiT. investori [laT. investor _ meanabre] _ iuridiuli an fizikuri piri, romelic axorcielebs investiciebs, abandebs sakuTar, nasesxeb an mozidul saxsrebs misTvis sasurvel proeqtSi. inventari [laT. inventarium] _ sawarmoo daniSnulebisa da sameurneo moxmarebis sagnebi. invoisi [ingl. invoice] _ (ekon.). angariS-faqtura; zednadebi. iniciativa [frang. initiative] _ Taosnoba raime saqmeSi. mag., sakanonmdeblo iniciativa _ sakanonmdeblo organoSi kanonproeqtebis Setana. inkasacia [ital. incassare] _ (finans.). saTanado dokumentis wardgeniT fulis miReba. inkaso [ital. incasso] _ saSuamavlo sabanko operacia fuladi saxsrebis gadamxdelisagan mimRebze gadacemis Sesaxeb. inkognito [laT. incognitus _ ucnobi] _ (samarT.). vinaobis

28

gaumJRavnebloba, farulad yofna. inkorporacia [laT. incurporatio] _ 1. Tavis SemadgenlobaSi sxva organizaciis CarTva, SemoerTeba. 2. (samarT.) adre gamocemul kanonTa Tavmoyra da sistematizacia maTSi arsebiTi cvlilebis Seutanlad. inkriminireba [laT. in -Si da crimen _ braldeba] _ (samarT.). bralis dadeba, dadanaSauleba. inovacia [laT. innovatio] _ (ekon.). fulis dabandeba mecnierebaSi, teqnika-teqnologiis ganaxlebaSi. inJiniringi [ingl. ingineering, laT. ingenium -gan, _ gamomgonebloba] _ (ekon.). axali sainJinro-sakonsultacio momsaxureba. insaideri [ingl. inside _ SigniT] _ piri, romelic daSvebulia firmis saqmianobis saidumlo (arasajaro) informaciebze Tavisi Tanamdebobis wyalobiT. insinuacia [laT. insinuatio] _ (samarT.). saxelis gamtexi ciliswameba, monaWori. iunsitral-i [ingl. UNCITRAL] _ saerTaSoriso savaWro samarTlis gaeros komisia. inspiracia [laT. inspiratio] _ (samarT.). vinmes waqezeba. instancia [laT. instantio] _ erTmaneTis daqvemdebarebuli saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis

organoTa calkeuli rgoli, safexuri. institucionaluri politika [laT. institutum _ dadgena] _ saxelmwifos RonisZiebebi arsebuli institutebis Secvlis an axlis Camosayalibeblad, umetesad, ekonomikisa da samarTlis sferoebSi. instruqcia [laT. instructio _ darigeba] _ saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi; specialur normatiul dokumentebSi Camoyalibebuli samsaxureobrivi qcevis wesebi. integracia [laT. integer _ mTeli] _ ekonomikuri subieqtebis gaerTianeba, maTi urTierTqmedebis gaRrmaveba, kavSirebis ganviTareba. intensiuri [laT. intensio] _ (ekon.). 1. daZabuli, gaZlierebuli. 2. ukeTesi Sedegis, nayofierebis momcemi. (sapirisp. eqstensiuri). intensifikacia _ (ekon.). resursuli potencialis intensiuri gamoyenebiT warmoebis efeqtianobis amaRleba. intervencia [laT. interventio] _ (polit.). erTi saxelmwifos Careva sxva saxelmwifos saSinao saqmeebSi (umTavresad, samxedro xasiaTis). interneti [ingl. internet] _ globaluri kompiuteruli qseli, romelic iZleva tevad specializebul sainformacio servisze daSvebis saSualebas da uzrunvelyofs eleqtronul fostas.

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internireba [laT. internus _ saSinao] _ (samarT.). Tavisuflebis SezRudvis (iZulebiTi dakavebis) ganxorcielebis specialuri reJimi, romelsac adgens meomari mxare meore mxaris samoqalaqo pirebis mimarT an neitraluri saxelmwifo mis teritoriaze myofi meomari mxareebis samxedroTa mimarT. internet-merketingi _ marketingi internetSi, romelic veb-saitebis gamoyenebiTa da eleqtro fostiT informaciis mizanmimarTuli gagzavna xorcieldeba. interpoli [ingl. Interpol] _ sisxlis samarTlis policiis saerTaSoriso organizacia. interpretacia [laT. interpretatio] _ risame (kanonis, precedentis da misT.) azris axsna, ganmarteba. intercesia [laT. intercessio] _ samoqalaqo samarTalSi: iuridiuli Careva _ Tavis Tavze aReba sxvisi valis, valdebulebis da sxv. interfeisi _ sxvadasxva saSualebebisa (programuli, enobrivi, teqnikuri da sxv.) da wesebis erToblioba, romelic uzrunvelyofs kavSirs programul sistemebs, teqnikur mowyobilobebs, momxmareblebsa da TviT sistemebs Soris. intraneti [ingl. Intranet] _ internetis teqnologiaze dafuZnebuli korporatiuli eleqtronuli qseli.

inflacia [laT. inflatio _ gaberva] _ (ekon.). qveyanaSi qaRaldis fulis gaufasureba; Sedegia qaRaldis fulis gadaWarbebuli gamoSvebisa an bazarze saqonlis simcirisa; mJRavndeba saqonelze fasebis zrdaSi, rac am saqonlis warmoebis xarisxis amaRlebiT ar aris gamowveuli. informatika _ samecniero disciplinebis erToblioba, romlis problematika sxvadasxva aspeqtiT dakavSirebulia gamomTvleli da komunikaciuri teqnikis Seqmnasa da gamoyenebasTan. informacia [laT. informatio] _ raime Setyobineba raimes Sesaxeb. infrastruqtura [laT. infrastruqtura _ maxloblad] _ mrewvelobisa da soflis meurneobis momsaxure dargebi (mag., xidebi, gzebi, sazkveba, kavSirgabmuloba da sxv.). incidenti [laT. incidens _ rac xdeba] _ (samarT.). usiamovno SemTxveva, gaugebroba. ipoTeka [berZ. hipothk _ girao] _ (ekon.). 1. uZravi qonebis dagiraveba (umetesad, miwis an nagebobis) sesxis misaRebad. 2. TviT dagiravebuli uZravi qoneba. ireita [laT. erreta] _ (samarT.). xelmowera dokumentze (mag., sertifikatze), romelic misi gaformebis dros umniSvnelo an beWdviTi Secdomis Sesworebas adasturebs.

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istebliSmenti [ingl. establishment] _ 1. (polit.). xelisuflebis privilegiuri jgufebi; mTeli sistema. 2. gavleniani pirebi (mecnierebis romelime dargis da sxv.). 3. (ekon.) mogebis maRali done, mdgradi mdgomareoba sazogadoebaSi, SeZlebulad cxovreba. iuridikuli [laT. juridicus _ samosamarTlo] _ rac dakavSirebulia uflebriv, samaraTlis normebTan; maT Seswavla-gamoyenebasTan. iurisdiqcia [laT. jurisdictio _ samosamarTlo warmoeba] _ marTlmsajulebis, samosamarTlo saqmis warmoebis ufleba, gansjadoba. 2. saqmeebi, romlebic ama Tu im dawesebulebis warmoebas eqvemdebareba. iuriskonsulti [laT. jurisconsultus _ samarTlismcodne] _ konsultanti, dawesebulebis TanamSromeli iuristi _ iuridiuli rCevebis mimcemi, am dawesebulebisa da misi TanamSromlebis interesebis damcveli. iurisprudencia [laT. jurisprudentia] _ 1. samarTali, samarTalmcodneoba, iuridiul mecnierebaTa erToblioba. 2. iuristTa profesiuli moRva-weoba, sasamarTlo praqtika. iuristi _ samarTlisa da kanonis mcodne, iuridiul fakultetdamTavrebuli, iurisprudenciaSi momuSave piri, samarTalmcodne.

iusticia [laT. Justicia] _ 1. marTlmsajuleba, sasamarTlo warmoeba. 2. sasamarTlo dawesebulebaTa sistema, sasamarTlo uwyeba. ijara [laT. orrendare _ gaqiraveba] _ (ekon.). qonebis (miwis) gacema misi mepatronis mier droebiTi sargeblobisaTvis sxva pirebze saxelSekrulebo pirobebiT.

k
kabala [arab. kabala _ valdebuleba] _ 1. ekonomikuri damokidebulebis mZime forma, romelSic eqcevian is pirebi, romlebmac Znelad dasabrunebeli sesxi miiRes; iuridiuli aqti, riTac gaformebulia savalo valdebuleba. 2. sruli damokidebuleba vinmeze. kadastri [frang. cadastre _ reestri] _ (ekon.). uZravi qonebis aRwera-Sefaseba sagadasaxado mizniT. kazualoba, kazuali [laT. casualis _ SemTxveva] _ SemTxveviToba; ris ganzogadebac ar xerxdeba. kazuisti _ 1. iuristi, romelic daxelovnebulia rTuli, daxlarTuli saqmis gaxsnaSi. 2. (gadat.). ityvian adamianze, romelic gawafulia kazuistikaSi. kazuistika [laT. casus _ SemTxveva] _ zogadi iuridiuli normebis ganxilva kerZo SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT.

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kazus beli [laT. casus belli] _ uSualo formaluri sababi saxelmwifoTa Soris saomari mdgomareobis warmoSobisaTvis. kazus federisi [laT. casus foederis] _ iuridiuli faqtebi, garemoebani an pirobebi, romelTa dadgomac avaldebulebs saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis monawile saxelmwifos, xelSekrulebiT aRebuli valdebulebebidan gamomdinare, ganaxorcielos garkveuli qmedebani (mag., ekonomikuri an samxedro daxmareba da sxv.). kazusi [laT. casus] _ 1. kerZo SemTxveva. 2. sasamarTlo praqtikaSi: rTuli, daxlarTuli saqme. 3. iseTi moqmedeba, romelsac garegnulad aqvs danaSaulis niSnebi, magram aklia braldebis elementebi da amitom dausjelia. kalkulacia [laT. calculatio _ angariSi] _ (ekon.). erTeuli nakeTobis warmoebasa da realizaciaze gaweuli danaxarjebis jami. kanoni [berZ. kann] _ 1. wesi, norma, ZiriTadi debuleba. 2. (samarT.). xelisuflebis mier dadgenili yovlad savaldebulo wesi. 3. sagnebsa da movlenebs Soris arsebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba; kanonzomiereba. kanonikuri [berZ. kanonikos] _ (gadat.). mtkiced dadgenili, nimuSad miRebuli.

kapitali [laT. capitalis _ mTavari] _ (ekon.). farTo gagebiT _ yvelaferi, rasac Semosavlis motana SeuZlia an xalxis mier saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebisaTvis Seqmnili resursebi. viwro gagebiT _ saqmeSi dabandebuli, Semosavlis momtani wyaro warmoebis saSualebebis saxiT (fizikuri kapitali); investticia. kapitalizmi [ingl. capitalism] _ ekonomikuri sistema, sadac fuli, qoneba da sxva fondebi individebis mflobelobaSia da sadac ekonomikas marTavs moTxovna, xolo sabazro Zalebi gansazRvraven fasebsa da miwodebas. kapitulacia [laT. capitulare] _ saomari moqmedebebis dros SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier winaaRmdegobis Sewyveta. kardinaluri [laT. cardinalis _ mTavari] _ (polit., ekon.). ZiriTadi, umTavresi, umniSvnelovanesi. karineqsi [ingl. Currenex] _ eleqtronuli safondo birJa (aSS-Si). kart-blanSi [frang. carte blanche _ xelmowerili sufTa furceli, `TeTri baraTi~] _ (gadat.). ganusazRvreli rwmunebani; moqmedebis sruli Tavisufleba. kasacia [laT. cassatio _ gauqmeba] _ 1. sasamarTlos ganaCenis gadasinjva zemdgom sasamarTlo instanciaSi. 2.

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gancxadeba sasamarTlos ganaCenis (gadawyvetilebis) gadasinjvis Sesaxeb. kauza [laT. causa] _ mizezi. kauzaluri [laT. causalis] _ (samarT.). mizezobrivi. kaf-i [ingl. CAF] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi: saqonlis gadazidvis piroba, romelSic CarTulia am saqonlis mitanisa da transportirebis xarjebi (dazRvevis gareSe) gamyidvelidan im adgilamde, sadac myidvelma igi unda miiRos. ke d orse [frang. Quai d Orsay] _. sagareo saqmeTa saministros rezidencia (safr.). `kenguru~ [ingl. kangaroo] _ kanonproeqtis ganxilvisas gamoyenebuli sistema, roca zogierTi muxli saerTod ar ganixileba, pirdapir kenWi eyreba, xolo Semdegi sakiTxis ganxilva grZeldeba. kvazi [laT. quas] _ (ekon.). moCvenebiTi, aranamdvili; TiTqmis msgavsi. kvalificireba [ingl. qualify] _ (samarT). 1. Sefaseba; pirobebis Sesabamisoba. 2. SezRudva (uflebisa). kvorumi [laT. quorum] _ krebis monawileTa is raodenoba, romelic aucilebelia krebis dadgenilebis kanonierad cnobisaTvis. kvota [laT. quota _ TiToeulis wili] _ (ekon., samarT). dadgenili wili, miRebuli

norma, dasaSvebi raodenoba risame. klasifikacia [laT. classis _ Tanrigi da facio _ vakeTeb] _ sagnebis (movlenebis, cnebebis) dayofa, dajgufeba ganmasxvavebel niSan-TvisebaTa mixedviT. klauzula [laT. clausula _ daskvna] _ (samarT). SaerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis an SeTanxmebis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis mqone debuleba, sagangebo piroba. klerki [ingl. clerk] _ moxele (mag., ofisis, angariSwarmoebis da misT.). klienti [ingl. client] _ (ekon.). 1. is, vinc profesionalis mier gaweul momsaxurebaSi fuls ixdis. 2. (samarT.). piri, romelsac advokati warudgens saqmismwarmoeblebs. 3. (bizn.). mudmivi momxmarebeli. kliringi [ingl. clearing] _ (finans.). unaRdo angariSsworebis erT-erTi forma. koalicia [laT. coalitio] _ (polit.). pirTa, partiaTa an saxelmwifoTa gaerTianeba saerTo miznis misaRwevad. kodeqsi [laT. codex _ wigni] _ (samarT). gansazRvruli wesiT sistemaSi moyvanili oficialur kanonTa krebuli. kodifikacia, kodificireba [laT. codex _ wigni da facio _ vakeTeb] _ (samarT). yvela kanonis erTad Tavmoyra oficialur samarTlebriv kodeqsSi.

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koimperiumi [laT. co(n) _ erTad da imperium _ xelisufleba] _ (polit.). ramdenime saxelmwifos erToblivi batonoba sxvis teritoriaze, romelsac sagangebo saerTaSoriso statusi eniWeba. kolegia [laT. collegium] _ Tanamdebobis pirTa jgufi, romlebic qmnian administraciul, saTaTbiro an ganmkargulebel organos. kolizia [laT. collisio] _ (samarT.). sapirispiro SexedulebaTa, miswrafebaTa, interesTa Sejaxeba; winaaRmdegoba (kanonTa muxlebis da misT.). koliziuri norma [laT. collisio _ Sejaxeba] _ saerTaSoriso kerZo samarTlis norma, romelic miuTiTebs, Tu romeli saxelmwifos samarTali unda iqnes gamoyenebuli saerTaSoriso xasiaTis mqone samoqalaqo, saojaxo, SromiTi an sxva urTierTobis regulirebis dros. komandituri amxanagoba [frang. commandite `ndobaze damyarebuli amxanagoba~] _ warmoebis iseTi organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma, romlis monawileTagan erTni (komplimentarebi, sruli amxanagobebi) mTeli Tavisi qonebiT ageben pasuxs, meoreni (komanditistebi, meanabreebi) ki _ mxolod am wamowyebaSi dabandebuli TavianTi kapitaliT.

komentari [ingl. commentary] _ 1. saxelmZRvanelo, romelic kanonebis ganmartebebs iZleva. 2. mokle SeniSvnebi, romlebic sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT mTavari sakiTxebis komentirebas axdenen. komersanti [frang. comercant] _ piri, romelic komercias eweva. komercia [laT. commercium] _ vaWroba da savaWro-saSuamavlo saqmianoba mogebis misaRebad. farTo gagebiT _ mewarmeoba. komivoiaJori [frang. commis voyageur] _ savaWro Suamavali, romelic firmis davalebiT saqonlis myidvelebs eZebs, avrcelebs saqonlis nimuSebsa da sxv. komisioneri [frang. commissionnaire] _ piri, romelic Suamavlobs savaWro garagebebSi da amisaTvis garkveul gasamrjelos iRebs. komitenti [laT. commitens _ davalebis mimcemi] _ (samarT.). piri, romelic davalebas aZlevs sxva pirs (komisioners) dados garkveuli garigeba Tavisi saxeliT, magram komitentis xarjze. komiteti [frang. commit] _ adamianebis oficialuri jgufi, arCeviTi organo, romelic saxelmwifo, sameurneo, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis romelime sferos xelmZRvanelobs. kompania [ingl. company] _ iuridiuli an fizikuri

34

pirebis gaerTianeba raime sargeblis misaRebad. kompensacia [laT. compensatio] _ (ekon.). miyenebuli zianis an zaralis anazRaureba; sazRauri. kompetencia [laT. competentia] _ uflebamosilebaTa sfero, romelic aqvs dawesebulebas an Tanamdebobis pirs. igi kanonebis, normatiuli dokumentebis, wesdebebis, mixedviT ganisazRvreba. kompiuteri [ingl. computer] _ eleqtronuli cifruli gamomTvleli manqana, romelic iTvlis an agrovebs informacias da avtomaturad amuSavebs mas. komponenti [laT. componens] _ risame Semadgeneli nawili. komprometireba [frang. compromettre] _ vinmesTvis saxelis gatexa, reputaciis Selaxva (visime winaSe). kompromisi [laT. compromissum] _ (ekon., polit., samarT.). urTierTdaTmobiT miRweuli SeTanxmeba. komunikacia [ingl. communication] _ informaciis gadacema; oficialuri Setyobineba. komunike [frang. communiqu] _ 1. oficialuri Setyobineba saerTaSoriso molaparakebis mimdinareobisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb. 2. saerTod, oficialuri cnoba raime sakiTxis Sesaxeb. kongresi [laT. congresus _ Sexvedra] _ 1. farTo Semad-

genlobis TaTbiri, yriloba (upiratesad, saerTaSoriso). 2. aSS-Si arCeuli federaluri sakanonmdeblo organo. kongruencia [laT. congruentia] _ (dipl.). Sesabamisoba, Tanxvdeniloba, Tanazomiereba. kondominiumi [laT. condominium] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: romelime teritoriis marTva ori an ramdenime saxelmwifos mier. konvencia [laT. conventio _ SeTanxmeba, xelSekruleba] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifoTa Soris raime konkretul sakiTxze dadebuli xelSekruleba. konvergencia [laT. convergens _ rac emTxveva rasme] _ (ekon.). raime niSan-TvisebaTa damTxveva erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel movlenebSi. konversia [laT. conversio _ Secvla] _ (finans.). winaT gamoSvebuli saxelmwifo sesxis pirobebis Secvla (procentis Semcireba, gadaxdis vadis gadaweva da sxv.). konvertireba [laT. conversio _ Secvla, gadacvla] _ (finans.). erTi qveynis valutis gadacvla sxva qveynis valutaze. koniunqtura [laT. conjunctura] _ (ekon.). Seqmnili vitareba, ekonomikuri situacia, romelic bazarze moTxovnamiwodebis arsebuli urTierTobiT xasiaTdeba. konkordati [laT. concordatum _ SeTanxmeba] _ specia-lu-

35

ri xelSekruleba romis kaTolikur eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris, romliTac eklesias garkveuli uflebebi da privilegiebi eniWeba. konkurencia [laT. concurrentia _ Sejaxeba] _ (ekon.). 1. metoqeoba upiratesobis mosapoveblad raime sakiTxze. 2. kerZo mwarmoebelTa brZola saqonlis warmoebisa da gasaRebis xelsayreli (momgebiani) pirobebisaTvis. konkursi [laT. concursus _ Tavmoyra, Sejaxeba] _ Sejibreba monawileTa Soris saukeTesos gamosavlenad (premiis misaRebad, Tanamdebobis dasakaveblad da sxv.). konosamenti [frang. connaissement] _ (ekon., samarT.). dokumenti, xelSekruleba, tvirTis gadazidvis Taobaze, romelic tvirTis gamgzavnsa da satransporto kompanias Soris formdeba. konsaltingi [ingl. consulting] _ ekonomikisa da sxva sakiTxebze konsultaciuri momsaxureba. konsensualuri [laT. consensus _ Tanxmoba] _ SeTanxmebiTi. konsensualuri xelSekruleba _ mxareTa zepir SeTanxmebaze dafuZnebuli xelSekruleba. konsensusi [laT. consensus _ Tanxmoba, erTsulovneba] _ sadavo sakiTxze molaparakebaTa gziT mxareTa Soris SeTanxmebis miRweva.

konservacia [laT. conservatio] _ ekonomikuri procesis, saqmianobis an obieqtis mSeneblobis gaurkveveli vadiT SeCereba. konsignacia [laT. consignatio _ werilobiTi dasabuTeba] _ saqonlis sazRvargareT sakomisio gagzavna-yidvis erTerTi forma. konsignanti _ saqonlis (tvirTis) mesakuTre da gamgzavni. konsignatori _ saqonlis (tvirTis) mimRebi da gamyidveli. konsolebi [ingl. consols] _ (finans.). saxelmwifo sesxis obligaciebi, romelTac aqvT arsebobis SeuzRudavi (an grZelvadiani) xangrZlivoba. konsolidacia [laT. consolidatio _ gamagreba, Sezrda] _ 1. ori an ramdenime firmis, kompaniis gaerTianeba, Serwyma. 2. moklevadiani saxelmwifo sesxis grZelvadianad (an uvadod) Secvla. konsorciumi [laT. consortium _ monawileoba] _ (ekon.). saerTo SeTanxmebis safuZvelze sxvadasxva kompaniebis, bankebis droebiTi gaerTianeba raime msxvili finansuri operaciis Casatareblad. konspiracia [laT. conspiratio _ SeTqmuleba] _ (samarT.). saidumlos mkacrad dacva. konstatacia [frang. constatation _ (samarT.). risame dadgena, arsebobis dadastureba. konstitutiuri [frang. constitutif] _ (samarT.). arsebiTi,

36

ZiriTadi; risame ganmsazRvreli. konstitucia [laT. constitutio _ dadgena] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos ZiriTadi kanoni, romliTac qveyana imarTeba; gansazRvravs saxelmwifo wyobilebas, saarCevno sistemas, saxelmwifo organoebis Seqmnisa da moqmedebis principebs, moqalaqeTa ZiriTad uflebamovaleobebs. konstituciuri _ (samarT.). konstituciasTan dakavSirebuli, masze damyarebuli. konstituciuri monarqia _ saxelmwifo wyobileba, roca monarqis xelisufleba konstituciiT SezRudulia. konstruqciuli [ingl. constructive] _ (polit., dipl.). qmedeba, rac raimes gakeTebaSi gvexmareba. konsuli [laT. consul] _ (dipl.). ucxo qalaqSi myofi ufrosi diplomatiuri Tanamdebobis piri, romelic examreba Tavisi qveynis moqalaqeebs da icavs maT biznesinteresebs. konsumenti [ingl. consume _ moxmareba] _ (vaWr.). saqonlisa da momsaxurebis momxmarebeli. kontingenti [laT. contingens _ urTierTSexeba] _ (ekon.). saxelmwifo organoebis mier gansazRvrul qveynebSi zogierTi saqonlis Setanis, gamotanis an tranzitis dadgenili zRvruli normebi. konto [ital. conto] _ (finans.). angariSi.

kontomati _ fulis gacemis avtomati sabanko-sakredito baraTis gamoyenebiT. konto-separato [ital. conto separato] _ calke angariSi. kontrabanda [ital. kontrabando] _ (ekon., samarT.). 1. saqonlisa da sxva faseulobis ukanono gatana-Semotana sazRvarze. 2. TviT farulad gadaziduli saqoneli. kontradiqti [ingl. contradict] _ ar daTanxmeba an zustad sapirispiros Tqma. kontradiqcia [ingl. contradiction] _ winaaRmdegoba. kontradiqtori _ mowinaaRmdege. kontrafaqcia [frang. contrapection _ yalbismqneloba] _ (ekon., samarT.). raimes keTeba sxvisi saxeliT, ukanono gamoyenebiT. kontraqti [laT. contractus] _ (samarT.). iuridiulad savaldebulo SeTanxmeba or an ramdenime pirs Soris, romliTac gansazRvrulia maT mier Sesasrulebeli moqmedeba da pasuxismgebloba am moqmedebis SesrulebisaTvis. kontrahenti [laT. contrahens _ SeTanxmebuli] _ (samarT.). piri an dawesebuleba, romelmac garigebiT raime valdebuleba ikisra. kontribucia [laT. contributio] _ (ekon., samarT.). iZulebiTi gadasaxdeli an qonebis amoReba omSi damarcxebuli saxelmwifosagan.

37

kontroli [frang. contrle] _ (finans.). risame Semowmeba; obieqtis sameurneo-safinanso saqmianobis Semowmeba. kontroferta [laT. contra _ winaaRmdeg da offertus _ SeTavazebuli] _ (ekon., samarT.). Tanxmoba SeTavazebuli xelSekrulebis dadebaze, magram sxva pirobebiT, vidre pirveli variantiT iyo Cafiqrebuli, gaTvaliswinebuli. konfederacia [laT. confederatio] (polit.). saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis forma, damoukidel saxelmwifoTa kavSiri garkveuli miznebis misaRwevad xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. konfidencialuri [laT. confidentia _ ndoba] _ (samarT.). saidumlo. konfiskacia [laT. konfiskatio] _ (samarT.). kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis iZulebiTi da usasyidlod CamorTmeva, romelic sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT an am rwmunebis mqone administraciuli organoebis mier xorcieldeba. konfliqti [laT. conflictus _ Sejaxeba] _ (samarT.). winaaRmdegoba Sexedulebebsa da urTierTobebSi, sawinaaRmdego interesebis Sejaxeba; cxare kamaTi. konformizmi [laT. conformis _ msgavsi, xelsayreli] _ erTgvarovnoba, uZraoba, Semguebloba, SemTanxmebloba. konfrontacia [frang. confrontation] _ (samarT.). urTierT-

dapirispireba, urTierTwinaaRmdegoba. koncentracia [laT. concentratio] _ (ekon.). risame mogroveba, Tavmoyra, erTad dajgufeba. konceptualuri [laT. conceptus] _ azrobrivi. koncerni [ingl. concern] (ekon.). sawarmoTa msxvili gaerTianeba, romlebic erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia saerTo interesebiT, xelSekrulebebiT, kapitaliT, erTobliv saqmianobaSi monawileobiT. koncesia saerTaSoriso [laT. concessio _ nebarTva, daTmoba] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos mier ucxoeTis firmisaTvis uflebis micema awarmoos mis teritoriaze bunebrivi resursebis eqsploatacia, samrewvelo-ekonomikuri xasiaTis saqmianoba. koncesioneri [ingl. concessionaire] _ (vaWr.). piri, romelsac ufleba aqvs iyos produqciis erTaderTi gamyidveli romeliRac adgilze. koncefcia [laT. conceptio] _ SexedulebaTa sistema. kooperacia [laT. cooperatio _ TanamSromloba] _ fizikuri pirebis gaerTianeba nebayoflobiTi gawevrianebis safuZvelze koleqtiuri mewarmeobisaTvis. kooptacia [laT. cooptatio] _ arCeviTi organos axali wevrebis arCeva amomrCevelTa daukiTxavad.

38

koordinacia [laT. coordinatio] _ raime moqmedebis, saqmianobis (umetesad, marTvis procesebis) SeTanxmeba. korespondenti [laT. correspondare _ mauwyebeli] _ banki an sxva finansuri organizacia, romelic sxva msgavsi organizaciebis finansur da komerciul davalebebs asrulebs. korneri [ingl. corner _ kuTxe] _ (ekon.). piris an pirTa jgufis Segnebuli moqmedeba, romlebic bazarze procesis msvlelobisa da fasebis awevis kontrolis xelSi Casagdebad saqonlis xelovnur deficits qmnian, rasac kontraqtebisa da realuri saqonlis masiuri SesyidviT aRweven. korporacia [laT. corporatio] _ pirTa jgufi, gaerTianebuli saerTo miznebis misaRwevad da erToblivi saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad, iuridiuli piris uflebiT. korufcia [laT. corruptio] _ (samarT.). Tanamdebobis pirTa mosyidva. kotireba [frang. coter] _ (finans.). saqonlis, fasiani qaRaldebisa da ucxouri valutis sabirJo kursis oficialurad dadgena da gamocxadeba. krediti [laT. creditum _ vali] _ 1. saqonlis an fulis gacema sesxad. (sapirisp. debeti) 2. garkveuli xarjebis

gasawevad gacemuli Tanxa. 3. fuli, romelic misaRebi aqvs kompanias. kreditori [laT. creditor] _ piri an organizacia, romelmac gasca saqoneli an fuli kreditad; piri, romlis mimarTac vinmem valdebuleba ikisra; mevale. (sapirisp. debitori). pirvelrigiseuli (preferenciuli) kreditori _ kreditori, romelsac pirvel rigSi unda gadauxadon, Tuki kompania likvidirebuli iqneba. krizisi ekonomikuri [berZ. krisis] _ qveynis, regionis, msoflios ekonomikuri mdgomareobis mkveTri gauareseba, romelic vlindeba warmoebis mniSvnelovan SemcirebaSi, ekonomikuri kavSirebis gawyvetaSi, sawarmoTa gakotrebaSi, umuSevrobis zrdasa da xalxTa cxovrebis donis daqveiTebaSi. kriminali [laT. criminalis _ danaSaulebrivi] _ sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli. kriminalistika [laT. criminalis _ danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli] _ iuridiuli disciplina, romelic swavlobs sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis gaxsnis meTodikas, teqnikasa da taqtikas. kriminaluri [laT. criminalis] _ (samarT.). sisxlis samarTalTan dakavSirebuli; danaSaulebrivi.

39

kriminologia [laT. crimer _ danaSauli da berZ. logos _ moZRvreba] _ (samarT.). moZRvreba danaSaulis Sesaxeb. kriteriumi [berZ. kritrion _ msjelobis, gadawyvetis saSualeba] _ niSan-Tviseba, romlis mixedviTac rasme afaseben, gansazRvraven, klasifikacias axdenen; sazomi, Sesadarisi saSualeba. kulisa [frang. coulisse _ farda] _ (gadat.). araoficialuri birJa, sadac kerZo maklerebi Tavisufali wesebiT moqmedeben. kupiura [frang. coupure] _ fulis niSnis an fasiani qaRaldis erTeuli egzemplaris saerTo saxelwodeba. kuponi [frang. coupon] _ fasiani qaRaldis nawili mosaxevi talonis saxiT. kursi [laT. cursus] _ (finans.). sxva qveynis fulis erTeulis an fasiani qaRaldis sabirJo fasi, gamosaxuli erovnul fulad erTeulSi; fasi, romlis mixedviTac valutisa da fasiani qaRaldebis yidva-gayidva xorcieldeba. kurtaJi [frang. curtage] _ (ekon.). saSuamavlo gasamrjelo, romelsac brokeri sabirJo garigebis ganxorcielebis dros Rebulobs. kurtie [frang. kourtier] _ (vaWr.). makleri, agenti, Suamavali.

l
lagi [ingl. lag] _ or urTierTdakavSirebul ekonomikur movlenas Soris (aqedan erTi mizezia, meore _ Sedegi) drois intervali. laTinuri _ romaelTa ena, romelic saukuneebis manZilze gamoiyeneboda rogorc sasamarTloebis ena da dResac Sedis mraval zogad iuridiul frazaSi. mag., `de-iure~, de-faqto~ da sxv. laitmotivi [germ. Leitmotiv] _ 1. ZiriTadi motivi. 2. (gadat.). xazgasmiT gameorebuli saxelmZRvanelo azri. lamfsumi [ingl. lump sum] _ erTdroulad gadaxdili fuli (ara ramdenimejer mcire TanxebiT). laJi [frang. Laggio] _ (finans.). fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebis, obligaciebis da misT.) kursis aweva maT nominalur RirebulebasTan SedarebiT; igivea, rac aJio. lataria [ital. lotteria] _ nivTebis an fulis gaTamaSeba bileTebiT. latenturi [ingl. latent] _ faruli an romlis uceb danaxva SeuZlebelia; bundovani; sityvebi kontraqtSi, romlebic or an met rames SeiZleba niSnavdes, magram erTi SexedviT SecdomaSi Semyvani ar Canan; faruli defeqti.

40

lafsusi [laT. lapsus] _ uneblie Secdoma (nawerSi, metyvelebaSi). legalizacia [laT. legalis _ kanonieri] _ (samarT.). dakanoneba, iuridiuli Zalis micema. legaluri [laT. legalis] _ kanoniT aRiarebuli, nebadarTuli; Ria, aSkara. legati [laT. legatus] _ (samarT.). anderZSi gaTvaliswinebuli davaleba _ memkvidrem misces romelime pirs garkveuli Tanxa an qonebis nawili. legislatura [ingl. legislature] _ sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba, mag., parlamenti. legistebi [laT. lex (ligis) _ kanoni] _ Sua saukuneebSi: iuristebi, romlebic xels uwyobdnen romauli samarTlis gavrcelebas dasavleT evropaSi. legitimacia [laT. legitimus _ kanonieri] _ (samarT.). raime uflebis an rwmunebis kanonierebis aRiareba an damtkiceba. legitimuri _ kanoniT nebadarTuli. levereji: `berketis principi~ _ Tanafardoba sakuTar (aqcionerul) da nasesxeb kapitals Soris. `lei-evei~ [ingl. lag-away _ Cadeba ufro Sors] _ (finans.). gayidvis praqtika, romelic iTvaliswinebs SeTanxmebuli fasis mTlian an nawilobriv gadaxdas. `lending-biznesi~ [ingl. lending buseness] _ (ekon., finans.).

garigeba, biznes-operacia, romlis Sedegebi cvlis firmis aqtivebs da finansur angariSgebebSi aisaxeba. aseTi garagebebia: dakrediteba, sesxis micema da misT. lendingi [ingl. landing charges] _ (finans.). safasuri daniSnulebis portSi mosuli gemidan saqonlis CamotvirTvisaTvis. lend-lizi [ingl. lend-leasa < lend _ sesxad micema da leasa _ ijariT gacema] _ (ekon.). qveynisaTvis saqonlis (SeiaraReba, strategiuli nedleuli, sursaTi da sxv.) sesxad an ijariT micema. lendlordi [ingl. landlord] _ (ekon.). piri an kompania, romelic Tavis sakuTrebas aqiravebs. 1. msxvili miwaTmflobeli. 2. binebis gamqiravebeli. liberalizacia ekonomikis [laT. liberalisation _ Tavisufleba] _ ekonomikur saqmianobaze, mewarmeobasa da fasebze saxelmwifo SezRudvebis moxsna. libori [ingl. LIBOR _ London inter-bank offered Rate] _ londonis bankebis mier, Cveulebriv, 3-6 Tvis vadiT gacemuli moklevadiani kreditebis ganakveTebi. liz-beki [ingl. lease-back _ uku ijara] _ (ekon.). lizinguri kompaniis mier naRdi angariSsworebiT sxva qveyanaSi damamzadebeli firmidan mowyobilobis SeZena Semd-

41

gomSi misi imave firmisaTvis ijariT misacemad. lizingi [ingl. leasing _ ijara] _ (ekon.). manqana-mowyobilobebisa da warmoebrivi daniSnulebis nagebobebis grZelvadiani ijara (6 Tvidan ramdenime wlamde) Semdgomi gamosyidvis SesaZleblobiT. lizholdi [ingl. leasehold] _ (ekon.). garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi qonebis ijariT floba. likvidacia [frang. liquidation] _ (ekon., samarT.). risame (warmoebis da misT.) saqmianobis Sewyveta; daxurva, gauqmeba; visime mospoba. likviduri [laT. liquidus _ mimdinare] _ (finans.). ris ganaRdeba, fulad qceva advilad SeiZleba. likviduroba _ realizeciis, materialur faseulobaTa naRd fulad qcevis siadvile. limiti [laT. limes _ zRvari] _ norma, romlis farglebSi dasaSvebia risame xarjva, sargebloba; zRvruli norma. linkiji [ingl. linkage] _ (samarT.). birJis nebarTva Tavis klientebs gauyidon da iyidon maTgan kontraqtebi maTi Semdgomi yidva-gayidviT sxva birJaze. linCi [ingl. lynch] _ (samarT.). braldebulis (eWvmitanilis) Sepyroba da mokvla sasamarTlo mosmenis gareSe.

listingi [ingl. list _ sia] _ (ekon., samarT.). 1. safondo birJaze fasiani qaRaldebis savaWrod daSvebis wesi. 2. aqciebis Setana birJis kotirebis siaSi. (sapirisp. Delistingi). licenzia [laT. litentia ufleba, nebarTva] _ (ekon., samarT.). 1. nebarTva sxvadasxva saxeobis saqmianobisaTvis. aq: eqsport-importis operaciebis ganxorcielebisaTvis da misT. 2. nebarTvis damadasturebeli sabuTi. licenziari _ licenziis gamcemi; licenziati _ licenziis mimRebi. lobi, lobistebi [ingl. lobb _ derefani, kuluarebi] _ rig saxelmwifoebSi gaerTianebebi an kerZo pirebi, romlebic TavianTi saqmianobiT zegavlenas axdenen saxelmwifo (gansakuTrebiT, sakanonmdeblo) organoebis saqmianobaze. logika [berZ. logik] _ 1. mecniereba azrovnebis formebisa da kanonebis Sesaxeb. 2. msjelobisa da daskvnebis Tanamimdevroba. 3. Sinagani kanonzomiereba. logikuri _ 1. logikis kanonebze dafuZnebuli. 2. Tavisi xasiaTiT, Sinagani kanonzomierebiT gapirobebuli; Tanamimdevruli; kanonzomieri. logistika _ mecniereba, romelic Seiswavlis materialur-teqnikuri uzrunvelyo-

42

fis, sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis marTvis sakiTxebs. logrolingi _ sakanonmdeblo organoebis wevrebs Soris `xmebiT vaWrobis~ praqtika. lokalizacia [laT. localis _ adgilobrivi] _ risame adgilis Semofargvla; garkveuli adgilidan risame gavrcelebisaTvis xelis SeSla. lokaluri [laT. localis] _ gansazRvruli adgilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli; adgilobrivi. lokauti [ingl. lock-out] _ sawarmoTa daxurva da muSakTa masobrivi daTxovna gaficvebis CaxSobis mizniT; blokireba. lombardi _ sakredito dawesebuleba, romelic iZleva sesxs moZravi qonebis dagiravebiT. londeri [ingl. launder] _ fulis `garecxva~ (gaTeTreba); ukanono an moparuli fulis gadaricxva Cveulebriv sabanko angariSze, raTa Tavidan aicilon Zieba. loti [ingl. lot] _ aq: 1. saqonlis mTeli partia an misi saerTo raodenobis nawili, romelic gaiyideba an miewodeba xelSekrulebiT. 2. auqcionze erTad gayiduli sagnebis partia.

m
_ magistrali [laT. magistralis mTavari, warmmarTveli] _

cneba, ekonomikuri zrdis maTematikuri Teoriis termini. magnati [laT. magnatus _ mdidari, warCinebuli] _ msxvili samrewvelo finansuri kapitalis mflobeli. madam [ingl. Madam] _ (dipl.). qalbatono! Zrdilobiani mimarTvis forma qalisadmi (gansakuTrebiT ucnobisadmi). warmoiTqmis (iwereba) gvaris win. makiavelizmi _ politika, romelic miznis misaRwevad yovelgvar saSualebas (motyueba, veragoba, gamcemloba, mkvleloba da misT.) amarTlebs (italieli politikuri moRvawisa da mwerlis nikolo makiavelis gvaris mixedviT). makleri [germ. Makler] _ savaWro Suamavali. makroekonomika [berZ. macros _ didi da ekonomika] _ ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis mTlianad qveynis ekono-mikas, msxvilmasStabian ekonomikur movlenebsa da procesebs. makulatura [ingl. maculature < laT. maculo _ gasvra] _ uvargisi nawarmi, romelmac Tavisi vada daasrula; qaRaldisa da muyaos gadasamuSavebeli narCenebi. mangonizacia _ (samarT.). yalbi saqonlis damzadeba. mandati [laT. mandatum] _ dokumenti, romelic garkveuli piris uflebebsa da uflebamosilebas mowmobs.

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manera [frang. manire] _ moqmedebis, qcevis Tavisebureba; Cveva. manko [ital. manco] _ (ekon). wonaSi dakleba saqonlis gacemisas; salaros saerTo Tanxis danaklisi. manipulireba [laT. manipulatio] _ 1. raime rTuli moqmedeba, rTuli xerxi xeliT muSaobisas. 2. (gadat.). oini, yalTabandoba. manifesti [laT. manifestus _ aSkara] _ 1. umaRlesi xelisuflebis werilobiTi mimarTva mosaxleobisadmi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis mqone movlenis gamo. 2. politikuri partiis, sazogadoebrivi organizaciis werilobiTi saprogramo mimarTva. mar _ (dipl.). israelSi: Tanamdebobis piris zrdilobiani mimarTvis forma mamakacisa da qalisadmi. warmoiTqmis (iwereba) Tanamdebobis win. marka [germ. Marke] _ saqonelze, nawarmze dasmuli niSani, romelzedac aRniSnulia misi damzadebis adgili, xarisxi da sxva monacemebi. marketingi [ingl. marketing < market _ bazari] _ RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi, romelic saqonlis warmoebisa da realizaciis gasaumjobeseblad xorcieldeba. market-meikeri [ingl. market maker] _ safondo birJis maRalkvalificiuri muSaki, fasiani qaRaldebis menejeri.

markireba _ [frang. marquer _ aRniSvna] _ markis dasma nawarmze. marko [ital. marco] _ (finans.). monetis fasis gansazRvra misi wonis da ara nominaluri Rirebulebis mixedviT. marJa [frang. marginal _ ganapira] _ (finans.). sxvaoba birJis biuletenSi naCveneb sabirJo saqonlis gayidvisa da yidvis fass Soris. marJinalizmi [frang. marginal < laT. margo _ kide, sazRvari, ukiduresi] _ ekonomikuri mimdinareoba, Teoria, romelic ekonomikur procesebsa da movlenebs zRvruli, namati sidideebidan an mdgomareobidan gamomdinare xsnis. marJinaluri, marjinaluri [ingl. marginal] _ (ekon.). zRvarTan axlos arsebuli, TiTqmis sazaralo; kritikuli. marjini [ingl. margin] _ produqciis gayidvidan miRebul fulsa da masSi gadaxdil Tanxas Soris sxvaoba; mogeba. masmedia [ingl. massmedia] _ komunikaciis masobrivi saSualebebi (presa, radio-televizia). mafia [laT. maffia] _ (samarT.). farulad organizebuli, jgufuri damnaSaveoba, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli danaSaulebrivi jgufebi, romlebic saxelmwifos korumpirebuli moxeleebisa da organoebis mxardaWeriT sargebloben.

44

maqsimalizmi [laT. maximus _ udidesi] _ (polit.). raime ukiduresi moTxovnis wamoyeneba; gadaWarbebuloba. maqsimumi [laT. maximum] _ yvelaze meti raodenoba risame. (sapirisp. minimumi). mega [berZ. megas _ didi] _ didi zomis, uzarmazari. megapolisi _ Tanamedrove uzarmazari qalaqi; megaekonomika _ msoflio ekonomika. mediatori [laT. mediator _ Suamavali] _ (samarT.). momrigebeli, Suakaci. medio [laT. medio _ Suaguli] _ sabirJo garigebis Sesrulebis vada, romelic Tvis Sua ricxvSi dgeba. mezo [berZ. mesos _ Sua, saSualo] _ Sualeduri. meTodi [berZ. methodos] _ xerxi, wesi, wesebis sistema raime moRvaweobaSi. meloni _ (ekon.). gasanawileblad gankuTvnili maRali mogeba. mesie, musie _ (dipl). safrangeTSi: zrdilobiani mimarTvis forma mamakacisadmi. iwereba (warmoiTqmis) gvaris win. memorandumi [laT. memorandum _ rac unda gvaxsovdes] _ diplomatiuri dokumenti, romelSic Camoyalibebulia raime sakiTxis faqtobrivi an iuridiuli analizi, saxelmwifos oficialuri pozicia, Tvalsazrisi; mokle Canaweri.

menejeri [ingl. manage _ marTva, ufrosi, patroni] _ profesionali mmarTveli. menejmenti [ingl. management] _ xelmZRvanelobis, marTvis kompleqsuri sistema. merkantilizmi [ital. mercante vaWari] _ XVI_XVIII saukuneebis ekonomikuri Teoria, romlis Tanaxmad mTavar rols ekonomikaSi, mogebis SeqmnaSi mimoqcevis sfero asrulebs, xolo eris simdidre fuliT ganisazRvreba. merkantiluri _ (gadat.). vaWruli, angarebiani. merCandaizingi [ingl. merchandissing] _ sacalo savaWro qselSi saqonlis gasayidad momzadeba (savaWro daxlebis gawyoba, vitrinebis gaformeba da sxv.). meta [ital. meta] _ garigebis iseTi piroba, roca mxareebi mogebasa da zarals Tanabrad iyofen. mecenati _ mecnierebisa da xelovnebis mdidari mfarveli (romaeli politikuri moRvawis mecenatis saxelis mixedviT). migranti [laT. migrans] _ adamiani, romelic sacxovreblad gadadis erTi adgilidan meoreSi. migracia mosaxleobis [laT. migratio] _ adamianTa gadaadgileba. mikroekonomika [berZ. mikros _ mcire] _ ekonomikuri mecnierebis nawili, romelic

45

sawarmoebis (firmebis) masStabiT mimdinare ekonomikur procesebsa da movlenebs swavlobs. miks-fondi [ingl. mixed _ Sereuli] _ iseTi investiciuri fondi, romelic finansebs moZrav da uZrav qonebaSi abandebs. minimumi [laT. minimum] _ yvelaze naklebi raodenoba risame. (sapirisp. maqsimumi). mister _ (dipl.). inglisSi, aSS-Si, CineTSi, koreaSi: zrdilobiani mimarTvis forma mamakacisadmi. iwereba (warmoiTqmis) gvaris win. modelireba ekonomikuri [laT-dan moditus, frang. modelle _ zoma, nimuSi] _ ekonomikuri obieqtebisa da procesebis kvlavwarmoeba SezRudul, sacdel formebSi. modernizacia [frang. moderne _ uaxlesi] _ (ekon.). raimes srulyofa, gaumjobeseba, ganaxleba, axal teqnikur pirobebTan da xarisxobriv moTxovnebTan Sesabamisoba. modifikacia [laT. modificatio _ cvlileba] _ (ekon.). progresuli cvlilebebis Setana, warmoebis teqnologiis gaumjobeseba, saxeSecvlili modelis Seqmna. modus-vivendi [laT. modus vivendi _ cxovrebis wesi] _ (dipl.). 1. faqtobrivi vitareba, Seqmnili mdgomareoba, misi aRiareba; arsebobis saSualeba. 2. arsebuli pirobebi,

romlebic modave mxareTa Soris droebiT iZleva normaluri, mSvidobiani urTierTobis saSualebas. modus-procedendi [laT. modus procedendi _ qcevis wesi] _ diplomatiur praqtikaSi niSnavs, Tu rogor unda warimarTos saqmianoba, romelic saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis moTxovnebs Seesabameba. monarqi [berZ. monarchos] _ saxelmwifos erTpirovnuli mmarTveli (mefe, imperatori da sxv.). moneta [laT. moneta] _ liTonisagan (oqro, vercxli da sxv.) damzadebuli fulis niSani. monitoringi [laT. monitor _ Semxsenebeli] _ raime movlenis uwyveti meTvalyureoba da analizi. monopolia [berZ. monpilia] _ 1. ekonomikuri situacia, rode-sac erTi piri an kompania akontrolebs mTel bazars produqciis miwodebaSi. 2. (gadat.). upiratesoba, pirveloba raime saqmeSi. monopo-lizacia _ monopoliis damyareba. monopsonia [ingl. monopsony] _ (ekon.). situacia, rodesac erTi piri an kompania akontrolebs mTel SesyidviT saqmianobas garkveul bazarze. moratoriumi [laT. moratorius _ Semakavebeli] _ 1. saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtTa SeTanxmeba raime qmedebi-

46

sagan gansazRvruli an ganusazRvreli vadiT TavSekavebaze. 2. (ekon.). aRebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis gadavadeba gansazRvruli dro-iT raime pirobis Sesrulebamde an sagangebo mdgomareobis (mag., omis, stiqiuri ubedurebis) gamo. motivacia [frang. motif] _ (ekon., samarT.). 1. visime ganzraxva saqmianobisadmi raime miznis misaRwevad. 2. raime moqmedebis, saqcielis gamomwvevi mizezi. municipaliteti [germ. Munizipalitt] _ adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis (qalaqis) organo. mutadis mutandis [laT. mutatis mutandis _ aucilebeli SesworebebiTa da cvlilebebiT] _ (dipl.). saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv aqtebSi gamoyenebuli termini. niSnavs: Secvlas imisa, rac aucileblad Sesacvlelia; Sesabamisi gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswinebas; cvlilebas, romelic gamomdinareobs arsebuli garemoebebidan.

n
nazdaq-i [ingl. NASDAQ _ National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotations] _ fasiani qaRaldebis dilerebis erovnuli asociaciis avtomatizebuli kotirebis sistema aSS-Si.

nano [berZ. juja] _ raime sididis memiliardedi nawili (10-9). nanoteqnologia _ atomebisa da molekulebis manipulirebis, SekavSirebisa da mowesrigebis gziT 1 dan 100 nm-mde zomis funqcionalurad gamosadegi xelsawyoebis, masalebisa da sistemebis Seqmna. nanoteqnologia farTo gagebiT gamoiyeneba da moicavs nanomecnierebasac, rogorc mecnierebaTa sxvadasxva dargebSi nanomimarTulebiT dagrovebul sistematizebul codnas. termini nanoteqnologia 1974 wels pirvelad gamoiyena iaponelma profesorma norio taniguCim. naturalizacia [laT. naturalis _ bunebrivi] _ saxelmwifos mier moqalaqeobis miniWeba ucxoelis an moqalaqeobis armqone pirisaTvis misi Txovnis safuZvelze. naturaluri [laT. naturalis _ bunebiTi] _ namdvili; bunebrivi; Cveulebrivi; normaluri; gasagebi. nacia [laT. natio] _ eri. nacionalizacia [frang. nationnalisatio] _ (ekon., samarT.). kerZo sakuTrebis gasxviseba an gadacema saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. nacionalizmi [ingl. nationalism] _ (polit.). sakuTari qveynis damoukideblobis survili. nacionalisti _ qveynis

47

damoukideblobis msurveli adamiani. nacionaluri _ erovnuli; saxalxo; saqveyno. Nnacionaluri reJimi _ samarTlebrivi reJimis saxe, romelic vrceldeba mocemuli saxelmwifos teritoriaze myof sxva qveynis fizikur da iuridiul pirebze. negatiuri [laT. negativis] _ uaryofiTi. (sapirisp. pozitiuri). negocianti [laT. negotians _ vaWari] _ biTumad movaWre, komersanti, romelic msxvil, ZiriTadad, saerTaSoriso savaWro operaciebs axorcielebs. neitraliteti [germ. Neutralitt] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi statusi; saxelmwifos iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac igi ar monawileobs omSi da meomari saxelmwifoebis mimarT erTnairi pozicia ukavia. neo [< berZ. neos _ axali] _ rTuli sityvis pirveli Semadgeneli nawili; niSnavs axals. mag., neorealizmi, neopolitika da sxv. nepotizmi [laT. nepos _ STamomavali] _ (gadat.). Tanamdebobis pirTa mier TavianTi naTesavebis mfarveloba; `naTlimamoba~. neto [laT. netto] _ saqonlis wminda wona safuTavis gareSe. (sapirisp. bruto); saqonlis

fasi fasdaklebis gareSe; wminda Semosavali xarjebis gamoklebiT. nivelireba [frang. niveler] _ (gadat.). gansxvavebis mospoba. niuansi [frang. nuance] _ sul mcire gansxvaveba rameSi. nius-meikeri [ingl. newsmakers _ axlis mkeTebeli] _ mecnierebisa da praqtikuli saqmianobis moRvawe, romelsac sazogadoebriv-ekonomikur movlenaTa msvlelobaze arsebiTi gavlena aqvs. nius-reliz [ingl. newsreleasa] _ xelSekrulebis dadebis dros gamoyenebuli masalebi saqonlis an TviT kompaniis Sesaxeb. novacia [laT. novatio _ ganaxleba] _ 1. arsebuli teqnikis Secvla. 2. samoqalaqo samarTalSi: mxareebis SeTanxmeba maT mier nakisri valdebulebebis meoreTi Secvlis Sesaxeb. nominaluri [laT. nominalis] _ 1. saxelobiTi: fasis amosavali mniSvneloba; fulis, fasiani qaRaldis nominaluri Rirebuleba (miTiTebuli fulis niSanze, fasian qaRaldze). 2. simboluri; pirobiTi. nominacia [laT. nominatio] _ saxelis darqmeva; kandidatis dasaxeleba, wamoyeneba. nonsensi [ingl. nonsense] _ uazroba, sisulele. norma [laT. norma] _ (samarT.). dakanonebuli, dawe-

48

sebuli, savaldebulod aRiarebuli wesi. normativi [laT. normatio] _ universaluri, farTod gavrcelebuli norma. nosro-konto [ital. nostro conto _ `Cveni angariSi~] _ bankis sakorespondento angariSebi, romelTa mixedviTac sruldeba yvela operacia bankis davalebaTa Sesasruleblad korespondentis mier. nota [laT. nota, ingl. note _ niSani, SeniSvna] _ oficialuri diplomatiuri werilobiTi mimarTva erTi saxelmwifosi meorisadmi. notabene [laT. nota _ niSani bene _ `SeniSne kargad~] _ SeniSvna teqstSi im adgilas, romelzedac surT yuradRebis gamaxvileba (xSirad sityvis magier iwereba asoebi NB). notariati [laT. notarius] _ samsaxuri, romelic iuridiulad adasturebs sxvadasxva iuridiul aqts (xelSekruleba, anderZi, mindobileba da misT.), dokumentebis aslebsa da maTze xelmowerebis namdvilobas. notariusi [laT. notarius _ mwerali, mdivani] _ Tanamdebobis piri, romlis movaleobaa sxvadasxvagvari iuridiuli aqtebis (xelSekruleba, mindobiloba da misT.) damowmeba, gaformeba. notisi [ingl. notice] _ uwyeba, Setyobineba; werilobiTi Setyobineba imis Sesaxeb,

rom gemi mzadaa datvirTva an gadmotvirTvisaTvis. notifikacia [laT. notifico gauwyeb, vacxadeb] _ 1. (dipl.). diplomatiur da saxelSekrulebo praqtikaSi: Setyobinebis gavrcelebuli forma, romelic xorcieldeba saxelmwifos sagareo uwyebis, diplomatiuri (sakonsulo) warmomadgenlis, saerTaSoriso organizaciis an misi Tanamdebobis piris mier notis an sxva dokumentis gagzavnis saSualebiT. 2. (ekon.). Setyobineba, romelsac Tamasuqis mflobeli ugzavnis mis gamcems Tamasuqis gaprotestebis Sesaxeb. nou-hau [ingl. Know-how _ vici rogor] _ mecnierulteqnikuri, teqnologiuri, komerciuli, menejmenturi an sxva saxis siaxle, romelic sazogadoebisaTvis ucnobia. nuvoriSi [frang. nouveau riche _ axali mdidari] _ swrafad gamdidrebuli adamiani, mdidari metiCara, romelic gasulia sazogadoebis maRal fenebSi. nulifikacia [laT. nullificatio _ mospoba < nullius _ araviTari] _ iuridiuli dokumentisaTvis kanonierebis CamorTmeva; fulis niSnebisa da fasiani qaRaldebis mimarT _ maTi gauqmeba. numizmatika [laT. numisma _ moneta] _ mecniereba, romelic swavlobs liTonis fulis warmoSobas.

49

nuncia, nunciusi [ital. nunzio, laT. nuntius] _ vatikanis diplomatiuri warmomadgeneli im saxelmwifoSi, romelTanac damyarebuli aqvs diplomatiuri urTierTobebi.

o
obieqturi [laT. objectum _ sagani, objectivus _ sagnobrivi] _ 1. rac Cveni cnobierebis gareT, misgan damoukideblad arsebobs. 2. miukerZoebeli. 3. Sefasebuli saerTo poziciidan da ara dainteresebuli pirebis mxridan. obligacia [laT. obligatio _ valdebuleba] _ (finans.). fasiani qaRaldi erT warmomdgenze, romelic Semosavals iZleva mogebis an procentis saxiT; aucileblad gasanaRdebeli valdebuleba. obligo [ital. obbligo _ valdebuleba] _ (finans.). 1. firmis davalianebaTa jami Tamasuqebis mixedviT. 2. bankSi arsebuli piradi angariSebis davTari, romelSic SeaqvT calkeul pirTa davalianeba Tamasuqebis mixedviT. obstruqcia [laT. obstructio _ Seferxeba, dabrkoleba] _ sxdomis (mag., parlamentis), krebis, visime gamosvlis CaSla wamoZaxilebiT, xmauriT, grZeli, usagno sityviT da misT. obstruqciuli _ winaaRmdegobis Semqmneli.

odiozuri [laT. odiosus _ saZulveli] _ vinc an rac uaryofiT damokidebulebas iwvevs; metismetad usiamovno, arasasurveli. ovaluri ofisi [ingl. Oval Office] _ aSS-is prezidentis personaluri kabineti TeTr saxlSi. `overboti~ [ingl. overbought _ Warbi gayidva] _ (ekon.). raime saqonelze fasebis mkveTri zrda am saqonelze moTxovnis mniSvnelovani gadidebis gamo. overdrafti [ingl. overdraft _ zegegmiT] _ (finans.). bankis moklevadiani kreditis saxeoba, roca gadasaxdelis sidide aWarbebs saxsrebis naSTs klientis angariSze. `oversoldi~ [ingl. oversold _ Warbi miwodeba] _ raime saqonelze fasebis mkveTri dacema bazarze am saqonlis didi miwodebis gamo. `overtaimi~ [ingl. overtime _ vadis zeviT] _ saqonlis CatirTva-gadmotvirTvis arasamuSao, zedmet droSi, romelic gadidebuli tarifiT nazRaurdeba. okei! [ingl. okay!] _ dasturis SeZaxili] _ kargi! ki batono! aris! okupacia [laT. occupatio] _ romelime saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier sxva qveynis teritoriis droebiT dakaveba.

50

oligarqia [berZ. oligarchia, olios _ mcirericxovani da arche _ batonoba] _ saxelmwifo mmarTvelobaSi adamianTa mcire jgufis politikuri da ekonomikuri batonoba. oligopolia [berZ. oligos _ patara da ple _ vyidi] _ (ekon.). raime saqonlis warmoebasa da vaWrobaSi ramdenime msxvili firmis batonoba. oligopsonia [berZ. oligos _ patara da psonia _ yidva] _ (ekon.). situacia bazarze, roca saqonlis gamyidvelebi (mwarmoeblebi) myidvelebze mniSvnelovnad metia. ombudsmeni [ingl. ombudsman] _ saparlamento rwmunebuli, oficialuri piri, romelic ganixilavs sazogadoebis saCivrebs samTavrobo departamentebis Tu sxva msxvili organizaciebis mimarT. omologacia [ingl. omologatio] _ (ekon.). raime saqonlis teqnikur-ekonomikuri parametrebis am saqonlis momxmarebeli qveynis stantartebTan da CveulebebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. onkoli [ingl. on call _ moTxovnisTanave] _ (finans.). 1. specialuri mimdinare angariSi, romelsac xsnian bankebi im pirobiT, rom sesxi daifareba yovel momentSi erTerTi mxaris (bankis an klientis) moTxovniT. 2. safondo birJaze fasiani gayidvis

erT-erTi forma; zaramde, gamoZaxilemde. onkoluri garigeba _ sabazro situacia safondo birJaze, roca fasiani qaRaldis fasi myidvelis moTxovnamde ar fiqsirdeba. on-laini [ingl. on-line _ xazze] _ sakredito baraTis emitentis kompiuterTan pirdapiri da uSualo kavSiri, romelic garigebis dadebis momentSi am baraTis gamoyenebiT xorcieldeba. operacia [laT. operatio _ qmedeba] _ universaluri termini, romelic aRniSnavs saqmianobis raime saxeobas. mag., ekonomikuri (maT Soris, komerciuli, menejmenturi, finansuri da misT.), iuridiuli da sxv. opozicia [laT. oppositio _ dapirispireba] _ 1. vinmes winaaRmdeg qmedeba, winaaRmdegoba. 2. udidesi politikuri partia, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba mTavrobas. oponenti [laT. opponens _ vinc ekamaTeba visme] _ (polit.). sawinaaRmdego azris mqone piri. oportunizmi [laT. opportunus _ sargebliani] _ (polit.). molaparakebis dros xelSemkvreli mxaris miswrafeba ise Camoayalibos SeTanxmebis piroba, rom upiratesobas miaRwios partniorTan mimarTebaSi, gadaakisros mas danaxarjebis didi nawili.

51

optacia [laT. optatio _ arCevani, survili] _ (samarT.). moqalaqeobis amorCeva; aseTi ufleba eniWeba im teritoriis mosaxleobas, romelic erTi saxelmwifodan meoris mflobelobaSi gadadis. optimaluroba [laT. optimus _ saukeTeso] _ yvelaze xelsayreli, Sesaferi; ekonomikuri qcevisa da qmedebis saukeTeso varianti. oratori [laT. orator] _ (polit.). 1. piri, romelic sajarod warmoTqvams sityvas. 2. adamiani, romelsac exerxeba sajarod sityvebis warmoTqma; mWevrmetyveli. organizacia [laT. organiso _ vaZlev mwyobr saxeobas] _ 1. sistemaSi moyvana, mowesrigeba, mowyoba. 2. mmarTvelobis Semadgeneli nawili. 3. adamianTa gaerTianebis forma; dawesebuleba. organoleptikuri [berZ. organon _ organo da leptikos _ SemsunTqveli] _ uSualod gemoTi, ynosviT, mxedvelobiT Semowmebuli. orderi [germ. Order < frang _ rigi, wesi] _ brZaneba werilobiTi formiT, dokumenti, romelic mis mflobels raime qmedebis (mag., fulis an saqonlis miReba, damnaSavis dapatimreba da sxv.) ganxorcielebis uflebas aZlevs. ordinaruli [laT. ordinalis] _ rigiTi, rigobrivi] _ rac

arafriT ar gamoirCeva; Cveulebrivi. orTodoqsuli [berZ. Orthodoxos _ marTlmorwmune] _ raime moZRvrebis, Sexedulebis ganuxrelad mimdevari; Tanamimdevruli. originali [laT. originalis _ Tavdapirveli] _ raime dokumentis Tavdapirveli, ZiriTadi egzemplari; dedani. orientacia [laT. orientation] _ ekonomikuri an iuridiuli subieqtis qmedebis garkveuli mimarTulebis amorCeva. oferenti, oferori _ winadadebis gamgzavni fizikuri an iuridiuli piri. oferti [laT. offertus _ SeTavazebuli] _ sityvieri an werilobiTi formiT SeTavazebuli winadadeba raime xelSekrulebis dadebis Sesaxeb. ofisi [ingl. office] _ saerTaSoriso organizaciis, firmis oficialuri Stab-bina, Senoba, sadac imyofeba oficialuri warmomadgenloba, misi xelmZRvaneloba. oficialuri [laT. officialis _ Tanamdebobrivi] _ xelisuflebis, administraciis an Tanamdebobis piris mier dadgenili, maTgan momdinare. mag., oficialuri dokumenti. 2. mTavrobis sabuTebis, saqmiani qaRaldebis damaxasiaTebeli. mag., oficialuri stili. 3. rac yvela wesis, yvela formalobis dacviT xdeba. mag., oficialuri miwveva. 4.

52

(gadat.). ubraloebas moklebuli; TavSekavebuli. mag., oficialuri urTierToba. ofcioni [laT. optio _ arCeva, survili, neba] _ arCevis ufleba, romelic miiReba garkveuli gasamrjeloTi; vinmesTvis SeTavazeba kontraqtis mogvianebiT dadebasTan dakavSirebiT; xelSekrulebis monawilisaTvis garkveuli variantis SerCevis ufleba. SeTanxmeba, romelic birJaze yidvagayidvis garigebis erT-erT mxares aZlevs xelSekrulebis alternatiul pirobebs Soris amorCevis uflebas; molaparakebis pirobebis Tanaxmad, erTerTi mxarisaTvis miniWebuli ufleba amoirCios mis mier miRebuli movaleobis Sesrulebis wesebi, formebi, moculoba an TviT uaris Tqmac valdebulebis Sesrulebaze SeTanxmebiT gansazRvrul garemoebaTa warmoSobisas. ofSori [ingl. off-shore] _ napirs gareT, sanapirodan daSorebiT, Ria zRvaSi; komerciuli saqmianobis organizaciis specifikuri forma. specialuri ekonomikuri zonis erT-erTi saxeoba. ofSoruli zona _ konkretuli saxelmwifo an misi teritoriis nawili, sadac ararezidentebisaTvis (droebiT mcxovrebi ucxoelebi) mimzidveli (keTilsasurveli) ekonomikur-samarTlebrivi reJimebia dawesebuli.

p
`pablik-rileiSnz~ [ingl. public relations _ sazogadoebrivi kavSirebi] _ sazogadoebriv organizaciebs Soris arakomerciuli kavSirebis sistema, masmediis saSualebebiT sazogadoebriv Sexedulebaze zemoqmedeba. pablisiti [ingl. publisity _ sajarooba] _ marketinguli RonisZiebebiT (saqonlis reklama, myidvelTa materialuri stimulireba, suvenirebis darigeba, nimuSebis iafad gayidva da sxv.) momxreblebze zemoqmedeba; propaganda. paTetikuri [berZ. pathtikos] _ paTosiT aRsavse; amaRlebuli. paTosi [berZ. pathos] _ aRfrTovaneba, aRmafrena, mgznebareba. pai [Turq. pay _ wili] _ (ekon., finans.). fizikuri an iuridiuli piris mier raime saerTo saqmeSi TiToeulis mier Setanili wili. paketi [germ. Paket] _ aq: sakontrolo paketi _ (finans.). saaqcio sazogadoebis aqciebis saerTo raodenobis umetesi nawili (Cve-lebriv, 50%-s + 1 xma), romelic mis mesakuTres am sazogadoebis menejmentSi gadamwyveti xmis uflebas aZlevs. palata [laT. palatium _ sasaxle] _ 1. zogierT qveyanaSi umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo

53

organo an misi erT-erTi sakanonmdeblo instancia, Semadgeneli nawili (mag., qveda palata, zeda palata, TemTa palata, lordTa palata). 2. saxelmwifo struqtura, dawesebuleba (mag., kontrolis palata, wignis palata, savaWro palata da sxv.). pan [ingl. pan] _ prefiqsi, romelic niSnavs sayovelTaos, sruliads. mag., panamerikuli da sxv. pandeqtebi [laT pandectae < berZ.] _ igivea, rac digestebi. panegiriki [berZ. pangyrikos] _ 1. oratoris saxotbo sityva visime pativsacemad. 2. (gadat.). visime gadaWarbebuli qebadideba. panika [berZ. panikos] _ uecari SiSi, Zrwola, Tavzari, romelic Seipyrobs calkeul adamians an xalxs; aseTi SiSiT gamowveuli saerTo mRelvareba, areuloba. paradoqsi [berZ. paradoxos] _ ucnauri, moulodneli] _ sayovelTaod aRiarebulisagan mkveTrad, sapirispirod gansxvavebuli azri. paraziti [berZ. parazitos] _ aq: (gadat.). adamiani, romelic sxvisi SromiT cxovrobs; muqTaxora. paraleli [berZ. paralllos] _ aq: movlena, romelic SeiZleba sxva analogiur movlenas Seedaros. paralizeba [frang. paralyser] _ (gadat.). (ekon., samarT.).

moqmedebis unaris an saSualebis dakargva. parametri [berZ. parametre _ vufardeb] _ raime sagnis an movlenis ZiriTadi Tvisebebis damaxasiaTebeli sidide an sidideebi. parafireba [frang. parapher _ Semoklebuli xelmowera] _ (dipl.). saerTaSorisi xelSekrulebis (an misi calkeuli muxlebis) winaswari xelmowera, inicialebis aRniSvniT, molaparakebis mxareTa uflebamosili warmomadgenlebis mier xelSekrulebis teqstze Tanxmobis niSnad. pariteti [laT. paritas _ Tanasworoba] _ 1. (ekon.). sxvadasxva qveynis valutis Sefardeba oqroTi. 2. sxvadasxva subieqtebis uflebebisa da movaleobebis tolfasovnoba. 3. (samarT.). mxareTa Tanasworobis principi uTanxmoebis, konfliqtis garCevisas. 4. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi _ molaparakebis warmoeba mxareTa Tanasworobis safuZvelze, rac gamoxatavs molaparakebis monawileTa SeTanxmebas, gaiTvaliswinon erTmaneTis interesebi da dadon urTierTmisaRebi xelSekruleba. paritetuli _ (samarT.). mxareTa Tanasworobaze dafuZnebuli. parlamenti [frang. parlament] _ qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo, romelic

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axorcielebs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas. parlamentarizmi _ (polit.). saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sistema, romlis saTaveSi parlamentia. paroli [frang. parole _ sityva] _ winaswar daTqmuli saidumlo sityva an fraza, romelsac rig organizaciebSi an viTarebaSi Tavisianebis gamosacnobad iyeneben. partia [frang. parti] _ (polit.). saerTo miznebiT, interesebiT, gaerTianebul pirTa jgufi. partikularizmi [laT. particularis _ nawilobrivi, calkeuli] _ (polit.). 1. saxelmwifos zogierTi nawilis miswrafeba gancalkevebisaken saerTo-saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis sazianod. 2. (ekon.). kerZo; kerZooba. partnioroba [ingl. partnership] _ fizikuri an iuridiuli pirebis erToblivi saqmianobis organizaciis iuridiuli forma; partniori _ Tanamonawile raime saqmianobaSi. pasivebi _ fizikuri an iuridiuli piris mimarT wayenebuli yvela oficialuri moTxovna. pasivi [laT. passivus _ umoqmedo] _ 1. (buxhalt.). firmis valebisa da valdebulebebis erToblioba. (sapirisp. aqtivi). 2. (gadat.). risame uaryofiTi mxare.

pasiuri [laT. passivus] _ umoqmedoba, sizante, araenergiuloba. (sapirisp. aqtiuri). paskvili [ital. Pasquill] _ cilismwamebluri, Seuracxmyofeli sityva an werili, nawarmoebi. pasporti [frang. passeport] _ visime piradobis, moqalaqeobis damadasturebeli dokumenti. patenti [laT. litteral patentes _ aRmoCena, sigeli] _ 1. mowmoba, romelic adasturebs gamomgoneblis gansakuTrebul uflebas, avtorobas gamogonebaze. 2. mowmoba, romelic iZleva nebarTvas raime saxeobis saqmianobis (vaWroba, rewva) Sesaxeb. paternalizmi [laT. paternus _ mamobrivi] _ (polit.). vinmes mimarT mfarvelobiTi damokidebuleba. patrimonialuri [laT. patrimonialis] _ (samarT.). memkvidreobiTi, gvarovnuli. patriotizmi [berZ. patrit _ Tanamemamule] _ Tavisi samSoblos moyvaruli, erTguli adamiani. pauperizmi [laT. pauper _ Raribi] _ (ekon.). masiuri gaRatakeba, rasac ganapirobebs Zalian dabali Semosavlebi, umuSevroba. pauSaluri [germ. pauschale] _ (finans.). mTliani gadasaxdeli Tanxa; licenziis gayidvis fasi.

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paqta sunt servanda [laT. pacta sunt servanda _ xelSekruleba unda sruldebodes] _ saerTaSoriso samarTlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principi, romlis Tanaxmad mxareebma keTilsindisierad unda Seasrulon saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis valdebulebebi. paqti [laT. pactum _ SeTanxmeba] _ (samarT.). ormxrivi (mravalmxrivi) saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis saxelwodeba, Cveulebriv didi politikuri mniSvnelobisa (mag., saxelmwifoTa Tavdausxmelobis, koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis da misT.). pacifizmi [laT. pacificus _ samSvidobo] _ liberaluri mimdinareoba, romlis monawileebi yovelgvari omebis (maT Soris, samarTliani) winaaRmdeg ilaSqreben da maT aRkveTas samSvidobo manifestaciebiT cdiloben. emxrobian saxelmwifoTa Soris wamoWrili davebis saerTaSoriso samediatoro sasamarTloebis gziT gadawyvetas. pensia [laT. pansio _ gadaxda] _ fuladi daxmareba, romelsac regularulad iReben moqalaqeebi kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi (asaki, invalidoba da sxv.). persona grata [laT. persona grata _ sasurveli piri] _ diplomati, romlis daniSvnis Taobaze aucileblad gacemulia adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifos Tanxmoba (agremani).

(sapirisp. persona non grata _ arasasurveli piri). plebisciti [laT. plebiscitum; plebs _ ubralo xalxi, scitum _ gadawyvetileba] _ kenWisyris meSveobiT raime sakiTxze mosaxleobis azris gamokiTxvis erT-erTi saSualeba. (ix. agreTve referendumi). pluralizmi [ingl. pluralism] _ (polit.). sistema, sadac nebadarTulia sxvadasxva politikuri Tu religiuri jgufebis Tanaarseboba erT sazogadoebaSi. polisi [berZ. polis, frang. polisie, ital polizza _ qviTari] _ (ekon.). sicocxlis, qonebis da sxvaTa dazRvevis mowmoba, xelSekruleba. politika [berZ. politika] _ 1. qveynis marTvis xelovneba, meTodi. 2. saxelmwifo xelisuflebis, partiis an sazogadoebrivi jgufis moRvaweoba Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi marTvisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobis dargSi. politikosi _ politikur cxovrebaSi CarTuli piri. 2. (gadat.). moqmedeba risame misaRwevad; sxva adamianebTan urTierToba, damokidebuleba. poluteri [ingl. polluter] _ piri an kompania, romelic garemos abinZurebs. populisti [laT. populus _ xalxi] _ piri, romelsac miaCnia, rom ubralo xalxs mTavrobaSi meti uflebebi unda hqondes.

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porto-franko [ital. portofranco _ Tavisufali porti] _ navsadguris teritoriis nawili, sadac nebadarTulia saqonlis ubaJod Setanagatana. portfeli [frang. portefeuill, portfer _ tareba, feuille _ furceli] _ krebsiTi cneba, romelic niSnavs: 1. ekonomikuri saqmianobis aRmniSvneli dokumentebis erTobliobas. 2. (gadat.). Tanamdebobas (mag., ministris portfeli). preambula [frang. preambule _ Sesavali] _ saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis Sesavali nawili, romelSic CamoTvlilia xelSekrulebis mxareebi, misi dadebis motivebi, miznebi, amocanebi da principebi. prevalireba [ingl. prevail] _ Warboba; batonoba; daZleva; upiratesi Zalis qona. prevenciuli, preventuli [laT. praeventus _ gamafrTxilebeli, damcveli] _ (samarT.). winaswari zomebis mireba risame Tavidan asacileblad; profilaqtikuri. prezentacia [laT. presentatio] _ (ekon.). warmodgena, wardgena. prezidenti [laT. praesidens _ TavSi mjdomi] _ 1. respublikuri mmarTvelobis umetes qveynebSi saxelmwifos meTauri. 2. zogierTi dawesebulebis (firma, kompania, sazogadoeba) xelmZRvaneli. prezumfcia [laT. praesumptio] _ (samarT.). 1. is, rasac

faqtebze dayrdnobiT varaudoben. 2. raime faqtis aRiareba sarwmunod, sanam ar damtkicdeba misi mcdaroba. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia _ danaSaulis damtkicebamde braldebulis aRiareba udanaSaulod. preiskuranti [frang. prix _ fasi da courant _ mimdinare] _ saqonelze an momsaxurebaze fasebis krebuli, cnobari. preiudiciuri [frang. prejudiciel] _ (samarT.). uflebrivi sakiTxi, romlis winaswari gadaWris gareSe ar SeiZleba sasamarTloSi gairCes mocemuli saqme. premia [laT. praemium _ jildo] _ 1. fuladi an materialuri jildo raime dargSi damsaxurebisaTvis. 2. muSakTa damatebiTi anazRaureba. 3. (finans.). gansxvaveba fasiani qaRaldis sabirJo da nominalur Rirebulebas Soris. 4. Tanxa, romelsac ofcionis myidveli uxdis mis gamyidvels garkveuli uflebis SesaZenad. 5. dazRvevis gadasaxadi. premieri [frang. premier _ pirveli] _ zogierTi qveynis an didi qalaqis aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis meTauri, mTavrobis xelmZRvaneli. igivea rac premier-ministri. prerogativa [laT. praerogativus _ pirveli xmis mimcemi] _ saxelmwifo xelisuflebis organos an Tanam-

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debobis piris gansakuTrebuli ufleba, upiratesoba. pres-ataSe [frang. prsseattache] _ (dipl.). diplomatiuri warmomadgenlobis (saelCo, misia da sxv.) TanamSromeli presis sakiTxebSi. pres-relizi [frang. presse da ingl. release _ gamoSveba] _ oficialuri organos an piris mier presaSi gamosaqveyneblad gadacemuli gancxadeba. pretenzia [laT. praetensio _ moTxovnis ufleba] _ 1. raimeze Tavisi uflebis gamocxadeba, risame moTxovna. 2. ukmayofilebis gamoxatva. 3. adamianis miswrafeba raime Tvisebis, Rirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. preferencia [laT. praeferentia _ upiratesobis miniWeba] _ or an met qveyanas Soris savaWroekonomikuri kavSirebis sferoSi dadebuli xelSekrulebiT erTmaneTisaTvis miniWebuli upiratesoba, SeRavaTi (mag., gadasaxadis Semcireba da sxv.). preferenciuli _ upiratesi; SeRavaTiani. preficiti, proficiti _ (finans.). Semosavlebis gadameteba xarjebze. biujetis dadebiTi saldo. precedenti [laT. praecedens _ winamorbedi] _ 1. SemTxveva, romelic warmoadgens gansakuTrebuls an gamarTlebas Semdegdroindeli msgavsi SemTxvevebisaTvis. 2. saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: saerTaSo-

riso urTierTobis sakiTxis gadawyvetis saSualeba, romlis gamoyeneba SeiZleba sxva analogiuri SemTxvevis ganxilvisas magaliTis saxiT. igi ar warmoadgens saerTaSoriso samarTlis wyaros, Tumca, saerTaSoriso sasamarTlom SeiZleba gamoiyenos, rogorc davis gadawyvetis damxmare saSualeba. 3. (samarT.). sasamarTlos an saxelmwifo xelisuflebis sxva organos adrindeli gadawyvetileba, romelic miRebulia nimuSad msgavsi sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas. 4. is, rasac winaT hqonda adgili. privatizeba [laT. privatus _ kerZo] _ (ekon.). sakuTrebis gansaxelmwifoebrioba warmoebis saSualebebze, pirad qonebaze. privatuli _ raime, rac kerZo pirs ekuTvnis. privilegia [laT. privilegium] _ upiratesoba, gansakuTrebuli ufleba, romelic miniWebuli aqvs vismes sxvebisagan gansxvavebiT. privilegiuri _ 1. visac upiratesoba aqvs miniWebuli. 2. rac (socialur-materialuri mdgomareoba, asaki, gamocdileba da sxv.) raime privilegias iZleva. principali [laT. principalis _ mTavari] _ 1. pirovneba, romelic garigebaSi Tavisi xarjebiT monawileobs. 2. valdebulebebSi ZiriTadi movale. 3. piri, romlis saxeliTac moq-

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medebs misi warmomadgeneli, agenti. 4. raimeze pasuxismgebeli piri. 5. sagareo-ekonomikuri garigebis monawile. principi [laT principium _ dasawyisi, dasabami] _ 1. romelime Teoriis ZiriTadi, amosavali debuleba; aqsioma; kanonzomiereba. 2. moqmedebis dadgenili norma, wesi. prioriteti [laT. prior _ pirveli] _ pirvelobis ufleba; upiratesoba, ufro mniSvnelovani. pro [ingl. pro] _ rTuli sityvis TavsarTi. niSnavs: daqvemdebarebulobas; mxardaWeras. mag., proreqtori _ reqtoris moadgile, prorusuli _ ruseTis mxardamWeri. prognozi [laT. prognosis] _ raime movlenis winaswar ganWvreta. programa [berZ. programma _ gancxadeba] _ 1. momavali muSaobis gegma. 2. dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad Sesasrulebel RonisZiebaTa Semcveli dokumenti. producenti [laT. producens] _ (ekon.). raime saqonlis mwarmoebeli (firma, qveyana). provincia [laT. provincia] _ 1. qveynis didi administraciuli danayofi. 2. dedaqalaqs an msxvil kulturul centrs daSorebuli adgili, kuTxe. provokacia [laT. provocatio] _ mZime Sedegis momtani qmedebisaken, danaSaulis Cadenisa-

ken vinmes waqezeba. provokatori _ wamqezebeli piri. provocireba _ vinmes biZgeba raimes gakeTebisaken (Cadenisaken). prokuratura [laT. procuro _ vzrunav] _ kanonebis Sesrulebaze zedamxedvelobis saxelmwifo organo. prokurori [frang. procureur < laT. procuro _ vzrunav] _ 1. Tanamdebobis piri, romelic Tvalyurs adevnebs kanonebis zustad Sesrulebas. 2. saxelmwifo bralmdebeli sasamarTlo procesze. prolongacia [laT. prolongatio] - _ mxareTa SeTanxmebiT xelSekrulebis, garigebis, Tamasuqis da misT. moqmedebis vadis gagrZeleba. promulgacia [laT. promulgatio _ _ sajaro gancxadeba] _ saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis an raime saxelmwifoebrivi aqtis gamoqveyneba mxareTa mier. prorogacia [laT. prorogatio] _ saxelmwifos meTauris ufleba gadados parlamentis sesia. protesti [germ. Protest < laT.] _ 1. raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis gamoxatva. 2. sasamarTlo an saprokuroro organoebis werilobiTi wardgineba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis gadasinjvis Sesaxeb. 2. notariulad damowmebuli aqti Tamasuqis vadaze gaunaRdeb-

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lobis an misi aqceptirebis Sesaxeb. proteqcionizmi [laT. protectio _ dacva] _ saxelmwifos ekonomikuri politika sabaJo sferoSi, romelic vlindeba Semotanil saqonelze maRali baJis dawesebiT, rom daicvas erovnuli produqcia ucxouri saqonlis mZafri konkurenciisagan. protokoli [frang. protocole < laT. _ pirveli furceli] _ 1. (dipl.). molaparakebis monawile mxareebis mier xelmowerili dokumenti, romelSic dafiqsirebulia molaparakebis Sedegebi SeTanxmebis dadebamde. 2. (dipl.). wesebis erToblioba, romlebsac icaven mTavrobebi, diplomatebi da sxva oficialuri pirebi saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. protesti [laT. protest] _ 1. raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba. 2. saTanado sasamarTlo Tu saprokuroro organoebis werilobiTi wardgineba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis, ganaCenis gadasinjvis Sesaxeb. 3. oficialuri gancxadeba Tamasuqis vadaze gaunaRdeblobis Sesaxeb. proteqtorati [ingl. proteqctorate < laT.] _ qveyana, romelsac icavs an marTavs sxva, masze Zlieri saxelmwifo. proteqcionizmi [ingl. protection] _ dacva; mfarvelobiTi sistema (mTavrobaSi, biznesSi da sxvagan).

profesia [laT. professio] specialoba, saqmianoba, romelsac garkveuli momzadeba sWirdeba. procedura [laT. procedo _ win miviwev] _ risame Sesasruleblad, gansaxilvelad saWiro qmedebaTa, RonisZiebaTa Tanamimdevroba; raimes warmoebis meTodi. proceduruli _ procedurasTan dakavSirebuli. procesualuri [ingl. proceedings] _ sasamarTlo saqmiswarmoeba, sarCeli, Zieba da sxv. procenti [laT. pro centum _ asze] _ 1. ricxvis measedi nawili. 2. sasesxo gadasaxdeli; gamsesxeblis sargebeli. procesi [laT. processus] _ 1. raime movlenaTa Tanamimdevruli monacvleoba. 2. sasamarTlo saqmis garCeva. procesualuri _ sasamarTlo procesTan dakavSirebuli. puli [ingl. pool _ saerTo qvabi] _ mewarmeTa Soris droebiTi gaerTianebis forma, romlis drosac maTi mogeba saerTo fondSi Sedis da maT Soris winaswar dadgenili SeTanxmebiT nawildeba. puti [ingl. put] _ fasiani qaRaldebis gayidvis ofcioni. putCi [ingl. coup] _ (polit.). saxelmwifo gadatrialeba; erTi mTavrobis meoreTi swrafad Secvla Zalis gamoyenebiT.

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J
Jesti [frang. geste] _ sxeulis nawilebis, gansakuTrebiT xelis, moZraoba, rac Tan axlavs metyvelebas an cvlis mas. Jestikulacia _ Jestebis gamoyeneba laparakSi, metyvelebaSi. Jiro [ital. giro _ brunva, mimoqceva, ingl. girocheque] _ werilobiTi brZaneba, davaleba bankisadmi klientis mxriv gansazRvruli odenobis fulis gadaricxvis aucileblobis Sesaxeb am klientis angariSidan mesame piris angariSze, romlisTvisac klients surs fulis gadacema. (igive indosamenti). Jurfiqsi [frang. jour fixe _ garkveuli dRe] _ (dipl.). kviris esa Tu is dRe, romelic stumrebis misaRebad aqvT daniSnuli.

r
radikaluri [laT. radicalis _ ZiriTadi] _ ukiduresi, gadamwyveti RonisZieba. rambursi [frang. rembourser _ dabruneba, anazRaureba] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi naRdi saqonlis ganaRdeba, romelic, rogorc wesi, bankis meSveobiT xorcieldeba. rambursireba valis, danaxarjebis dabruneba, gadaxda;

Tamasuqis mimcemis magier, mesame piris valis dafarva. rangi [germ. Rang, frang. rang] _ 1. (ekon.). ipoTekuri giraos klasifikaciis xarisxi. 2. (dipl.). xarisxi, Tanrigi, specialuri wodebuleba. mag., sagangebo da sruluflebiani elCis rangi. rantie [frang. rentier rente-dan _ renta] _ pirovneba, romlis Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaroa procenti sesxad gacemuli fulidan an SeZenili fasiani qaRaldebidan. ratifikacia [laT. ratus _ gadawyvetili, damtkicebuli da facere _ keTeba] _ (samarT.). saxelmwifo xelisuflebis uzenaesi organos mier saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebis damtkiceba, romelic xelmowerilia saxelmwifos rwmunebuli warmomadgenlis mier. ratifikacia xelSekrulebas aZlevs iuridiul Zalas, rac Semdeg Sesasruleblad savaldebulo xdeba. amasTan, formdeba specialuri dokumenti _ saratifikacio sigeli. raundi [ingl. round] _ (gadat.). mZime da xangrZlivi saerTaSoriso molaparakebis calkeuli etapi. racionalizacia [laT. rationalis _ gonivruli] _ warmoebisa da muSaobis meTodebis srulyofa-gaumjobeseba. re [laT. re-] _ TavsarTi, romelic aRniSnavs: 1. raime moqmedebis ganaxlebas an game-

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orebas. 2. sawinaaRmdego, sapirispiro moqmedebas. reabilitacia [laT. rehabilitatio _ aRdgena] _ udanaSaulod dazaralebulis uflebebisa da reputaciis (Rirsebis) aRdgena, rac SeTavsebulia mis mier gaweuli zaralis kompensaciasTan. realizacia [laT. realis _ nivTobrivi] _ 1. warmoebuli an gadasayidi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gayidva, romelsac Tan axlavs fuladi amonagebis miReba. mag., qonebis an fasiani qaRaldebis fulad qceva; gayidva (saqonlisa). 2. ganazraxis (proeqtis) Sesruleba, cxovrebaSi ganxorcieleba. realuri [laT. realis] _ namdvilad arsebuli; WeSmariti; ris ganxorcielebac SesaZlebelia. regalia [laT. regalis _ samefo] _ 1. mefis xelisuflebis maniSnebeli sagani (gvirgvini, skiptra, taxti da sxv.). 2. warCinebis niSani (ordeni da misT.). regenti [laT. regentis _ mmarTveli] _ monarqiul qveynebSi: saxelmwifos droebiTi mmarTveli (mag., mefis mcirewlovanebis gamo). regioni [laT. regio _ mxare] _ 1. olqi, raioni, teritoria, qveynis nawili, romelic bunebrivi an istoriulad Camoyalibebuli ekonomikurgeografiuli pirobebisa da

mosaxleobis erovnuli Semadgenlobis erTobliobiT gamoirCeva. 2. [ingl. region] _ qveynis didi raioni. registri [laT. registrum _ sia, CamonaTvali] _ Canawerebis wigni, saaRricxvo dokumenti, romelsac samarTlebrivi mniSvneloba aqvs. registracia _ oficialur siaSi Setana. reglamenti [frang. reglament, regle-dan _ wesi] _ 1. wesebi, romlebic adgenen, aregulireben RonisZiebaTa da moqmedebaTa Catarebis wessa da dros, saqmianobis ganxorcielebas. 2. saerTaSoriso kongresebisa da konferenciebis zogierTi aqtis saxelwodeba. regresi [laT. regressus _ ukusvla] _ 1. ganviTarebis donis daqveiTeba, dromoWmuli formebisa da struqturebisaken dabruneba. (sapirisp. progresi). 2. (samarT). romelime piris (dawesebulebis) ukumoTxovnileba, romelic waredgineba iseT pirs (organizacias), romlis valdebuleba man Seasrula. regresanti _ (samarT.). piri, romelic warudgens ukumoTxovnas meore pirs (regresats) im zaralis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic pirvelma pirma meore piris gamo ganicada. mag., pirvelma pirma gadaixada gadasaxdeli meore piris nacvlad da mas, rogorc regresants SeuZlia moiTxovos xarjebis anazRaureba.

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regresati _ (samarT.). piri, romlis winaaRmdegac mimarTulia regresantis moTxovna. regreso ukumoTxovna zaralis gadasaxdeli Tanxis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, romelic erTi fizikuri (iuridiuli) piris mier waredgineba meores, romlis mizeziTac es zarali warmoiSva. gamoiyeneba Tamasuqis protestis dros. regulacia [ingl. regulation] _ raimes mowesrigeba, misi muSaobis sworad warmarTva. regulireba [laT. regula _ wesi, regulare _ wesisadmi damorCileba] _ risame garkveuli wesiT warmarTva, mowesrigeba. regulireba ekonomikis _ mmarTveli organoebis zemoqmedeba ekonomikaze im mizniT, rom masSi mimdinare procesebi garkveul doneze iqnes SenarCunebuli (an Tavidan acilebuli), daZleuli arasasurveli movlenebi. redemarkacia _ [frang. redmarcation] _ saxelmwifo sazRvarze sasazRvro niSnebis aRdgena. reduqcia [laT. reductio _ dabruneba] 1. raimes Semcireba, dasusteba; rTulis gamartiveba, misawvdomamde dayvana analizisa da gadawyvetilebisaTvis. 2. (finans.). valutebis, fasiani qaRaldebisa da saqonlis fasebis dacema. reemigranti _ emigraciidan samSobloSi dabrunebuli piri.

reestri [laT. registrum _ sia, nusxa, CamonaTvali] raime ekonomikuri obieqtis, qonebis CamonaTvali; wigni, romelSic aris reestruli sia; gamoiyeneba dokumentebis registraciisaTvis. reeqsporti _ importuli saqonlis gadaumuSaveblad eqsporti. revalvacia [laT. re_ kvlav, xelaxla da valeo _ mniSvneloba maqvs, vRivar] _ 1. (finans.). erTi valutis kursis aweva sxva valutebis mimarT valutebis mcuravi kursebis sistemis dros. 2. (finans.). erTi valutis kursis administraciuli wesiT aweva sxva valutebis mimarT fiqsirebuli valutis kursebis sistemis dros. revalvacia imports xdis ufro iafs (adgilobrivi valutiT) da eqsports ufro Zvirs (myidvelis valutiT), xels uwyobs damatebiT imports da amcirebs moTxovnas eqsportze. (sapirispiro _ devalvacia). reversi [ingl. reverse, laT. revertor _ vabruneb ukan, vbrundebi] _ 1. (ekon.). erTi piris werilobiTi valdebuleba meore piris mimarT, romelic Seicavs Tavis Tavze miRebuli pasuxismgeblobis, riskis damadasturebel garantebs, mag., sagarantio werils an valdebulebas, rom gamosyidul iqneba Tamasuqi gadaxdis vadaze. 2. deklaracia, romliTac dakarguli aqciebis mflobeli

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adasturebs mzadyofnas miiRos Tavis Tavze bankis mier gaweuli zarali am dokumentebis arasanqcionirebuli gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi. 3. liTonis fulis an medlis ukana mxare; zurgi. (sapirisp. aversi). 4. (samarT.). qonebis dabruneba winandeli patronisaTvis. 5. sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli. reversia _ pirvandel mdgomareobaSi dabruneba. revizia [laT. revisio _ gadasinjva] _ (ekon., samarT.). sawarmos, organizaciis, dawesebulebis an Tanamdebobis piris muSaobis gamorkveva moqmedebis sisworisa da kanonierebis Semowmebis mizniT. revokacia [laT. revocatio _ gamoxmoba, gamoxmaureba] _ 1. (dipl.). elCis an sxva warmomadgenlis gamowveva sxva saxelmwifodan Tavis qveyanaSi. 2. adre gacemuli gankargulebis gauqmeba; 3. (ekon.). Cekis mimcemis gancxadeba adre gacemuli Cekis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. revolveruli [ingl. revolve _ mimarTva, periodulad Secvla] _ avtomaturad ganaxleba. mag., revolveruli krediti _ avtomaturad ganaxlebadi krediti, romelic damatebiTi molaparakebis gareSe gaicema. revolucia [frang. revolution] _ (polit.). 1. sazogadoebrivpolitikur urTierTobaSi momxdari Zirfesviani gadatrialeba, Zveli wyobilebis ZaliT damxoba da progresuli wyo-

bilebis damyareba. 2. (gadat.). Zirfesviani cvlileba codnis raime dargSi. rezervacia [laT. reservo _ vinaxav, vizogav] _ 1. reservebis (maragis) Seqmna. 2. uflebis datoveba, rom kvlav daubrundnen am sakiTxs. rezervi [frang. reserve, laT.dan reserve _ vinaxav] _ (ekon.). raimes (saqonlis, fuladi saxsrebis, ucxouri valutis da a.S.) maragi saWiroebis SemTxvevisaTvis. rezidenti [laT. residens _ mjdomare, adgilze darCenili] _ iuridiuli (fizikuri) piri, romelic mocemul qveyanaSi mudmivad registrirebulia an mudmivad cxovrobs. igi valdebulia Tavis ekonomikur qmedebebSi daicvas am qveynis kanonebi anu gadaixados gadasaxadebi qveyanaSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. rezidencia [laT. residentia] _ mTavrobis, saxelmwifos meTauris an sxva maRali Tanamdebobis piris mudmivi samuSao an sacxovrebeli adgilsamyofeli. reziume [frang. rsum] _ 1. dawerilis, Tqmulis an wakiTxulis arsis mokle gadmocema. 2. garkveuli wesebis mixedviT Sedgenili cnobebis nakrebi samuSaos pretendentebis Sesaxeb. rezolucia [laT resolutio _ nebarTva, gadawyvetileba] _ 1. warwera samsaxurebriv doku-

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mentze, romelic Seicavs Tanamdebobis piris mier gakeTebul miTiTebas, rekomendacias da awesebs moqmedebis xasiaTs, romelic Semsrulebelma am piris miTiTebis Sesabamisad unda daicvas. 2. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis (konferenciebis) gadawyvetilebebi, Cveulebriv, rekomendaciuli xasiaTis. rezoni [frang. raison] _ mosazreba, gonivruli safuZveli, azri. reimporti _ eqsportuli saqonlis gadaumuSaveblad importi. reinvestireba _ sakuTari an ucxouri kapitalis ganmeorebiTi dabandeba ekonomikaSi, romelic xorcieldeba adre dabandebuli kapitalis Semosavlebidan. reinkarnacia _ fasiani qaRaldebis sxva formaSi gadayvana (mag., oqros sertifikatebisa gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis fasian qaRaldebSi) gansazRvruli vadiT. reitingi [ingl. rating] _ (ekon.). firmis masStaburobis, kreditunarianobis Sefaseba. rekambio [ital. recambio] _ Sebrunebuli Tamasuqi, retrata, moTxovna Tamasuqis Tanxis anazRaurebasa da procentebis gadaxdaze. reketi [ingl. racket] _ damnaSave elementebis, reketiorebis mier mewarmeebisagan muqaris, SantaJis gziT fulis ukanono gamoZalva.

rekvizitebi [laT. requisitum _ saWiro, aucilebeli] _ 1. (samarT.). dokumentis aucilebeli elementebi (mag., saxelwodeba, gacemis adgili, TariRi, xelmowera), romelTa gareSe igi kargavs iuridiul Zalas. 2. (spec.). samisamarTo monacemebi, telefonebis, teleqsis nomrebi, romlebsac xelSekrulebis erT-erTi mxare acnobebs meores kavSiris SesanarCuneblad; Tavsdeba safirmo blankze. rekvizicia [laT. requisitio _ moTxovna] _ kerZo sakuTrebis saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi gadayvana saxelmwifo gamoyenebisaTvis. rekvirenti [laT. requirens _ momTxovni] _ Tamasuqis mflobeli, romelic sasamarTlo instanciebs Tamasuqis gaprotestebis moTxovniT mimarTavs. reklama [laT. reclamo _ wamoviZaxe] _ firmis mier potenciuri myidvelebis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis momxmareblebis Ria Setyobineba maTi xarisxis, Rirsebis, upiratesobis Sesaxeb, agreTve TviTon firmis damsaxurebis Sesaxeb; marketingis Semadgeneli nawili. reklamacia [laT. reclamatio _ xmamaRali gamoTqma] _ 1. ukmayofilebis gamoxatva, pretenzia, saCivari. 2. (vaWr.). pretenzia saqonlis dabali xarisxis gamo da zaralis anazRaurebis moTxovna.

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rekomendacia [laT. recommenddatio _ rCeva] _ 1. werilobiTi an zepiri sasurveli gamoxmaureba adamianis an firmis Sesaxeb misi kandidaturis an saqmianobis mxardaWeriT. 2. rCeva, miTiTeba gansazRvruli wesiT moqmedebis Sesaxeb. 3. winadadeba raimes gakeTebaze. rekonversia [laT. re- da conversio] _ samxedro mrewvelobis gadayvana mSvidobianobis droisaTvis saWiro produqciaze. rekonkista [esp. Reconquista] _ pirenes naxevarkunZulis xalxTa mier arabebisagan dapyrobili teritoriebis brZoliT dabruneba. rekonstruqcia [laT. re- _ kvlav, xelaxla da constructio _ aSeneba] _ (ekon.). sawarmoSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis, teqnikisa da teqnologiis gardaqmna im mizniT, rom amaRldes gamosaSvebi produqciis done da xarisxi, aTvisebul iqnes axal nakeTobaTa gamoSveba. rekreacia [laT. recreatio _ aRdgena] _ (ekon.). Zalebis mobilizeba, aRdgena, dasveneba. rekreditivi [germ. Rekreditiv] _ 1. (dipl.). mTavrobis sigeli diplomatiuri warmomadgenlis ukan gamowvevis Sesaxeb. 2. sabuTi, romelic auqmebs akreditivs. rekuperacia [laT. recuperatio _ ukan miReba, dabruneba] _ 1.

aqciis kursis aRdgena misi mkveTri SemcirebiT. 2. aqciebis kursis kiTxvis ganmeorebiTi seansi birJaze. relacia [laT. relatio _ moxseneba] _ meTauris cnoba saomari moqmedebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb. relevanturi [ingl. relevant] _ Sesabamisi; Sesatyvisi; saqmesTan dakavSirebuli; arsebiTi; faseuli. remizi [frang. remise] _ 1. fulis gadaxda Tamasuqis gagzavnis saSualebiT im piris saxelze, romelsac fuli unda mieces. 2. sakomisio gasamrjelo, romelsac birJis maklerebi aZleven im pirebs, romlebic birJaze fasiani qaRaldebis SesaZenad klientebis mizidvaSi exmarebian. remisia [laT. remissio _ Semcireba, Sesusteba] _ (finans.). gasayidi saqonlis fasis Camokleba, romelsac gamyidveli fasis dasamrgvaleblad axorcielebs. remitenti [laT. remitto _ vagzavni] _ pirovneba, romlis saxelzec pirveladi mflobeli gadaagzavnis Tavis Tamasuqs; gadagzavnili Tamasuqis mimRebi. remitireba [ingl. remittance] _ 1. davalianebis ucxouri valutiT dafarvis xerxi, rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom movale Tavisi qveynis valutiT yidulobs ucxour valutas erovnul savaluto bazarze da gadaugzavnis mas

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kreditors an faravs vals Cekis, gadasagzavni Tamasuqis SesyidviTa da gadagzavniT. 2. fuladi gzavnili. 3. gadaxda. renacionalizacia _ (ekon.). yofili kerZo sakuTrebis dabruneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. rendJi _ rigi portebi napiris miTiTebul monakveTze. mag., `aTeni marseli rendJi~ niSnavs, rom damfraxtavs (damjavSnavs) ufleba aqvs gagzavnos gemi nebismier usafrTxo portSi aTensa da marsels Soris, orive dasaxelebuli portis CaTvliT. renovacia [laT. renovatio _ ganaxleba, aRdgena] _ (ekon.). fizikuri da moraluri cveTis Sedegad warmoebidan gamosuli manqana-mowyobilobebis axliT Secvla. renome [frang. renomm _ reputacia] _ dadgenili mosazreba, Seqmnili Sexeduleba adamianis, firmis Sesaxeb; reputacia. renta [germ. Rente, frang. rente _ dabrunebuli] _ (finans.). 1. regularuli Semosavali, romelsac iZleva kapitali, qoneba an miwa ise, rom mis mflobels ar sWirdeba mewarmeobrivi saqmianoba. 2. qira, romelsac ixdian garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi ofisis, saxlis an qarxnis ijarisaTvis. 3. fuladi Tanxa, romelic sadazRvevo sazogadoebis mier yovelwliurad eZleva dazRveul pirs.

rentabeloba [germ. rentabel _ Semosavliani] _ (ekon.). efeqtianoba, momgebianoba, Semosavlianoba sawarmos an samewarmeo saqmianobis. gaiangariSeba mogebis gayofiT danaxarjebze da gamoisaxeba procentobiT. rentingi [ingl. renting] _ (ekon.). teqnikis moklevadiani ijara, moijaris mier misi Semdgomi gamosyidvis uflebis gareSe. reorganizacia _ sawarmos (firmis, kompaniis) organizaciuli struqturisa da marTvis gardaqmna maTi ZiriTadi saSualebebis, potencialis SenarCunebiT. reparacia [laT. reparatio _ aRdgena] _ saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtis materialuri paxismgeblobis forma saerTaSoriso samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis Sedegad miyenebuli zianisaTvis. gadaxda xdeba restituciis, fuladi an sxva materialuri kompensaciis an erTdroulad restituciisa da zaralis kompensaciis saxiT. repatriacia [laT. repatriare _ samSobloSi dabruneba] _ 1. im pirebis samSobloSi dabruneba, romlebic garemoebebis gamo imyofebodnen sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze (ltolvilebi, adgilnacvali pirebi). 2. sazRvargareT dabandebuli kapitalis dabruneba Tavis qveyanaSi investirebisaTvis.

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replika [ital. replica] _ 1. oratorisaTvis adgilidan micemuli mokle SeniSvna; Sepasuxeba, wamoZaxili. 2. (samarT.). erTi mxaris SekamaTeba meoresTan sasamarTlo procesze. repo _ 1. SeTanxmeba adre gayiduli saqonlis ukan Sesyidvaze. 2. operacia finansur bazarze, romelic iTvaliswinebs monawileebis SeTanxmebas fasiani qaRaldebis ukan gamosyidvaze. reporti [frang. report] _ 1. sabirJo garigeba fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze, rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom xorcieldeba fasiani qaRaldebis gayidva imavdroulad garagebiT, rom SemdegSi, gansazRvruli vadis Semdeg, isini gamosyidul iqnes ufro maRali fasiT. (sapirisp. deporti). 2. qveynis savaluto bazarze garigebis dadeba, romelic mdgomareobs imaSi, rom ucxouri valutis gayidvis naRdi garigeba erovnulze gacvliT Sexamebuli iqneba sapirispirosTan, imavdroulad dadebul garigebasTan, rom Sesyidul iqnas erovnuli valuta ufro maRal fasSi. reports valutis is spekulantebi (`xari~) mimarTaven, romlebic valutis kursis awevaze TamaSoben. reprezentacia [ingl. representation] _ 1. gancxadeba, vinmes darwmunebis mizniT, rom kontraqts SeuerTdes. 3. wardgena.

4. sistema, sadac irCeven qveynis warmomadgenlebs parlamentisaTvis. reprezentanti [frang. reprsentant] _ warmomadgeneli, warmomadgenlobiTi amorCevis monawile. reprezentatiuloba [frang. reprsentantif _ damaxasiaTebeli] _ im ekonomikur maCvenebelTa SerCevis warmomadgenlobiToba, romlebic ekonomikuri procesebisa da movlenebis analizisaTvis gamoiyeneba. represalia [laT. repressalia _ Sekaveba, SeCereba] _ saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi: iZulebiTi zoma, romelsac mimarTavs erTi saxelmwifo meoris arakanonieri moqmedebis sapasuxod; samarTliT gaTvaliswinebuli politikuri pasuxismgeblobis erT-erTi forma. represalia, dakavSirebuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyenebasTan, akrZalulia saerTaSoriso samarTliT da kvalificirdeba rogorc agresia. reprivatizacia (laT. re- da ital. privatus _ kerZo] _ adre nacionalizebuli kerZo sakuTrebis privatizacia. reprimandi [frang. reprimand] _ sityvieri sayveduri. reputacia [frang. rputation] _ Seqmnili saerTo azri vinmes, raimes, adamianis, firmis an saqonlis xarisxis, Rirsebisa da naklovanebebis Sesaxeb.

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reJimi [frang. rgime] _ 1. saxelmwifo wyobileba, mmarTvelobis wesi. 2. raime miznisaTvis saWiro wesTa, RonisZiebaTa sistema. mag., ekonomiis reJimi. reskripciebi [ingl. reskriptions] _ (finans.). saxazino obligaciebi da Tamasuqebi oTx wlamde vadiT; uSveben saxsrebis akumulaciisa da fulis bazris likvidurobis regulirebisaTvis. respeqti [ingl. respect] _ pativiscema; mowiweba. respublika [laT. respublica] _ saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis forma, romlis drosac xelisuflebis umaRles organoebs irCeven gansazRvruli vadiT. respondenti [ingl. respondent] _ 1. saapelacio saqmis meore mxare, mopasuxe. 2. peticiaze mopasuxe piri. restavracia [laT. restauratio] _ raimes aRdgena pirvandeli saxiT. restanti [ingl. rest _ naSTi] _ (finans.). firmis vali, romelic darCa balansis Sedgenis, Sejamebis dros; gauyidavi saqonlis naSTi. resti [ingl. rest] _ naSTi. restitucia [laT. restitutio _ Tavdapirveli saxiT aRdgena] _ 1. garigebis damdeb mxareTa mier xelSekrulebiT miRebuli fulis (saqonlis) urTierTdabruneba im SemTxvevaSi, roca garigeba miCneul iqna baTilad. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom

garigebis kanonierebis darRvevaSi damnaSavea erT-erTi mxare, restitucia calmxrivi xdeba da saxsrebs mxolod damnaSave mxare abrunebs. 2. saerTaSoriso samarTlis subieqtis materialuri pasuxismgeblobis erT-erTi forma; erTi saxelmwifos mier meorisaTvis im qonebis dabruneba, romelic ukanonod iyo mitacebuli. restriqcia [laT. restrictio _ SezRudva] _ 1. im kreditebis SezRudva, romlebsac centraluri banki komerciul bankebs aZlevs. 2. monopoliebis mier warmoebisa da gayidvis xelovnuri SezRudva saqonlis sarealizacio fasebis gazrdisa da maqsimaluri mogebis misaRebad. restriqciuli _ SemzRudveli; amkrZalavi. resursebi ekonomikuri [frang. ressource _ damxmare saSualeba] _ risame maragi; warmoebis uzrunvelyofis saSualebebi. kerZod: bunebrivi (sanedleulo, geofizikuri), SromiTi (adamianuri kapitali), kapitaluri (fizikuri, fuladi kapitali) da informaciuli resursebi. retorsia [laT. retorsio _ ukuqmedeba] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: erTi saxelmwifos moqmedeba meoris usamarTlo, aramegobruli moqmedebis sapasuxod; SemzRudveli zomebi, romelsac saxelmwifo sxva saxelmwifos

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analogiuri moqmedebis pasuxad iRebs da amiT ekonomikuri an moraluri ziani adgeba pirvel saxelmwifos. mag., ucxoelebis uflebebis SezRudva, baJis gazrda am saxelmwifos saqonelze da a.S. represaliisagan (Sekaveba, SeCereba) gansxvavebiT, igi pasuxia meore saxelmwifos aramarTlzomier qmedebaze. retragenti [ingl. repurchase agent] _ piri, romelic saqmeSi Cadebuli fasiani qaRaldebis gamosyidvas awarmoebs. retreqtiuloba _ fasiani qaRaldebis gamosyidvis SesaZlebloba maTi mflobelis mier winaswar daTqmuli pirobebiTa da SetyobinebiT. retrospeqtuli [laT. retro _ ukan da specto _ vuyureb] _ warsul drosTan dakavSirebuli. retrocesia [frang. retrocessione _ daTmoba] _ 1. gadamzRvevelis mier Tavis Tavze miRebuli riskis nawilis gadacema sxva gadamzRvevlebze; riskebis Semdgomi danawevreba. 2. sakomisio wilis erTi Suamavlis mier meorisaTvis gadacema. refaqcia [frang. rfaction, laT. factus _ garigeba] _ 1. sabiTumo fasidan an saqonlis wonidan Camokleba, romelsac atarebs gamyidveli savaWro garigebis dadebis dros im SemTxvevaSi, roca saqonlis xarisxi Seusabamoa an gamov-

lenilia misi danaklisi (an gafuWeba). 2. tarifis dakleba, romelic tvirTis gamgzavns gansakuTrebuli SeTanxmebiT saqonlis didi partiis dros eZleva. referendumi [laT. referendum _ rac unda auwyon] _ (polit.). sayovelTao saxalxo gamokiTxva kenWisyriT mniSvnelovani saxelmwifoebrivi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad (ix., agreTve, plebisciti). referencia [laT. referre _ Setyobineba] _ 1. cnoba pirovnebis samsaxurisa da samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis Sesaxeb. 2. (komerc.). firmis, dawesebulebis da misT. gadaxdisunarianobis damowmeba, dadastureba; rekomendacia. referi [ingl. referee] _ samediatoro sasamarTlo; samediatoro mosamarTle; arbitri. refinansireba, refundireba [ingl. refunding] _ dafarva, Zveli saxelmwifo davalianebis anazRaureba axali sesxebis gamoSvebis gziT, umTavresad, moklevadiani fasiani qaRaldebis SecvliT. definicia [laT. definitio] _ cnebis zusti gansazRvra misi yvelaze arsebiTi niSnebis saSualebiT. reflacia _ Semcirebuli fasebis aRdgena adrindel donemde, romelic saxelmwifo RonisZiebebis saSualebiT ekonomikis gamococxlebis periodSi, misi SenarCunebis mizniT tardeba.

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reforma [frang. rforme] _ raimes gasaumjobeseblad masSi Setanili cvlileba; gardaqmna. reqtifikacia [ingl. rectification] _ dokumentSi raimes Sesworeba; cvlilebebis Setana. recepisa [laT. recipire _ miReba] _ winaswari xelmowera saqonlis miRebaze, romelic asrulebs mowmobis rols da Semdeg icvleba konosamentiT. recesia [ingl. recession] _ warmoebis SedarebiT zomieri arakritikuli dacema an ekonomikuri zrdis tempebis Seneleba. recefcia [laT. receptio _ miReba] _ (samarT.). sesxeba da Segueba ama Tu im qveynis pirobebTan samarTlisa, romelic SemuSavebulia sxva saxelmwifoSi an winamaval istoriul epoqaSi. recidivi [laT. recidivus _ rac meordeba] _ (samarT.). danaSaulis gameorebiT Cadena im piris mier, romelic adre sasjels aseTive an sxva danaSaulisaTvis ixdida. reciklireba (finans.) _ saxsrebis gadanawileba. recipienti [laT. recipiens _ mimRebi] _ fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, an saxelmwifo, romelic gadasaxdelebs, Semosavlebs Rebulobs; aseTad gulisxmoben agreTve qveyanas, romelic ucxoeTis investiciebs izidavs.

rimesa [ital. rimessa _ fulis gadacema, gagzavna] _ sagadasaxdelo dokumenti (Ceki, gadasagzavni Tamasuqi) saerTaSoriso angariSsworebisaTvis ucxour valutaSi, romelsac movale Tavis qveyanaSi erovnuli valutiT iZens da ucxour kreditors davalianebis dasafaravad gadaugzavnis. ringi [ingl. ring] _ ramdenime mewarmis xanmokle SeTanxmeba garkveul raionSi romelime saqonlis Sesyidvis Sesaxeb misi gayidvis monopolizaciis mizniT. aSS-Si rings uwodeben agreTve korners. rituali [laT. ritualis] _ (dipl.). saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa praqtikaSi miRebul wes-CveulebaTa Sesrulebis erToblioba. roialti [ingl. royalty _ samefo privilegiebi] _ 1. perioduli gadasaxdeli uflebisaTvis, rom isargeblos saqonlis, gamogonebis, an sxvaTa licenziiT. gaiangariSeba procentobiT gayidvis Rirebulebidan. 2. safasuri bunebrivi resursebis damuSavebisa da mopovebis uflebisaTvis. roloveri [ingl. rollover _ ganaxleba] _ 1. kreditis vadis gagrZeleba misi teqnikuri dafarvisa da imavdrouli ganaxlebis saSualebiT axali kreditis micemis gziT. 2. saxsrebis investiciis erTi formidan meoreSi gadatana.

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rotacia [laT. rotatio _ monacvleoba, perioduli gameoreba] _ xelmZRvaneli kadrebis (diplomatebis, partiuli muSakebis) savaldebulo monacvleoba dadgenili drois Sesabamisad.

s
sabotaJi [frang. sabotage] _ raime saqmis winaswar ganzraxviT CafuSva, masSi monawileobisagan Tavis aridebiT an misi arakeTilsindisieri SesrulebiT; pirovnebis an pirovnebaTa jgufis mier TavianTi samsaxurebrivi an sxva valdebulebebis Segnebulad, ganzrax Seusrulebloba an maTi daudevrad (arajerovnad) Sesruleba; saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli. savizito baraTi [frang. visite _ wveva, naxva] _ baraTi, romelzec miTiTebulia monacemebi (gvari, saxeli, Tanamdeboba, misamarTi, telefonebi da sxv.) misi mflobelis Sesaxeb. saldo [ital. saldo _ angariSsworeba, naSTi] _ sxvaoba sawarmos (firmis) fulad Semosavlebsa da danaxarjebs Soris drois gansazRvrul periodSi; sxvaoba qveynis eqsportisa da importis Rirebulebas Soris (savaWro balansis saldo), sazRvargareTidan saxsrebis Semosvlas

Soris (qveynis sagadasaxdelo balansis saldo). dadebiTi, aqtiuri saldo niSnavs Semosavlebis gadametebas xarjebze, xolo uaryofiTi _ piriqiT. samiti [ingl. summit] _ Sexvedra saxelmwifo xelmZRvanelebs an farTo Zalauflebis mqone liderebs Soris. -san [iap.] _ (dipl.). iaponiaSi miRebuli zrdilobiani xseneba visime an mimarTva vinmesadmi: batoni (batono), qalbatoni (qalbatono). warmoiTqmis (iwereba) gvaris an saxelis Semdeg. mag., mitikosan (q-ni mitiko, q-no mitiko). sanacia [laT. sanatio _ mkurnaloba, gajansaReba] _ RonisZiebaTa sistema sawarmoebis (firmebis) gakotrebis Tavidan asacileblad. sanqcia [laT. canctio _ mkacri dadgenileba, dakanoneba] _ zemdgomi organos mier raime aqtis damtkiceba, rac mas iuridiul Zalas aniWebs. 2. iZulebis, zemoqmedebis zoma kanonis darRvevisaTvis. 3. saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: zemoqmedebis zoma, romelsac mimarTaven xelSekrulebis damrRvevi saxelmwifos mimarT. 4. mowoneba, dadastureba, Tanxmoba. 5. (ekon.). iZulebiTi zemoqmedebis zomebi sameurneo-safinanso saqmianobis normalurad gaZRolis wesebis damrRvevTa mimarT. sateliti [laT. satelles _ Tanamgzavri] _ (gadat.).

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saxelmwifo, romelic formalurad damoukidebelia, magram sinamdvileSi sxva saxelmwifos emorCileba. sauravi [laT. poena _ sasjeli] _ fuladi jarima, romliTac jarimdebian fuladi valdebulebebis aradrouli SesrulebisaTvis, vadis gadacilebisaTvis. segregacia [laT. segregatio _ gamoyofa] _ 1. (ekon.). klientisa da brokeris, sxvadasxva klientis saSualebebisa da operaciebis dayofa. 2. rasobrivi diskriminaciis forma _ feradkanianTa iZulebiTi gamoyofa TeTrkanianebisagan. seilz-promouSn [ingl. sales _ gayidvebi, promotion _ win waweva] _ 1. saqonlis gasaRebis stimulireba. 2. vaWrobis muSakTa Sromis waxaliseba premiebis, saCuqrebis saSualebiT. sekvestri [laT. sequestrum _ vayeneb gareT, vaSoreb] _ (samarT.). raime qonebis sargeblobis an gankargvis akrZalva Aan SezRudva saxelmwifo an sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mier. sekiuritinacia [ingl. securities _ fasiani qaRaldebi] _ fasiani qaRaldebis gamoyenebis gafarToeba sabazro urTierTobaTa regulirebisa da sasesxo kapitalis moZraobis instrumentad. senati [laT. senatus] _ zogi qveynis (mag., aSS-is, belgiisa

da sxv.) parlamentis zeda palata. senioraJi _ Semosavali fulis emisiidan (gamoSvebidan). senior (seniora) [esp. seor, seora] _ (dipl.). espaneTSi: zrdilobiani xseneba mamakacisa (qalisa) da misdami mimarTva. warmoiTqmis (iwereba) gvaris win. sentencia [laT. sententia _ azri, msjeloba] _ 1. (samarT.). sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba. 2. msjavrdebulis oficialuri dasja. 3. moraluri xasiaTis gamonaTqvami, zneobrivi darigeba. separatizmi [frang. separatisme _ calke] _ (polit.). erovnul umciresobaTa swrafva saxelmwifosagan gamoyofisa da damoukidebeli saxelmwifos Seqmnisaken. 2. (ekon.). regionuli ekonomikuri politika, miswrafeba damoukidebeli bazris SeqmnisaTvis, sruli ekonomikuri damoukideblobis miRebisa da centridan damoukideblobisaTvis. separatuli [laT. separatus] _ gankerZoebuli, gancalkevebuli. ser [ingl. sir] _ inglisurenovan qveynebSi (aSS, inglisi da sxv.): zrdilobiani mimarTva mamakacisadmi. warmoiTqmis (iwereba) saxelisa da gvaris gareSe. servisi [ingl. service] _ sxvadasxva saxis komunalursayofacxovrebo mosaxureba.

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servituti [laT. servitus _ monoba, damorCileba] _ (samarT.). sxvisi qonebiT sargeblobis ufleba garkveul farglebSi. saerTaSoriso servituti _ erTi saxelmwifos teritoriul uflebaTa garkveuli SezRudva meore saxelmwifos sasargeblod (sazRvao da samxedro bazebis Seqmna, gzebiT sargebloba sxvis teritoriaze da sxv.). seria [laT. series _ rigi, mwkrivi] _ (ekon.). fasiani qaRaldebis erToblioba, romelic gamoSvebulia erTi identifikatoriT. sertifikati [laT. sertifico _ vamowmeb] _ 1. werilobiTi finansuri dokumenti, mowmoba, romelic adasturebs misi mflobelis mier fuladi saxsrebis garkveuli Tanxis Setanis faqts da aqedan gamomdinare aZlevs mas garkveul uflebas. 2. obligaciis nairsaxeoba. 3. sagareo vaWrobaSi: saqonlis xarisxis damadasturebeli dokumenti. 4. pirovnebis codnisa da unaris damamtkicebeli dokumenti. sertifikacia _ 1. xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebis Sesabamisobis dadastureba im donesTan, romelic xarisxis standarts moeTxoveba. 2. sertifikatis miReba. sesia [laT. sessio _ sxdoma] _ perioduli sxdoma, romelsac atareben warmomadgenlobiTi organoebi, sasamarTlo, samecniero dawesebulebebi da sxv.

setlmenti [ingl. settlement] _ (finans.). angariSsworeba sabirJo operaciebis xaziT; sixSire, romliTac iangariSeba saangariSsworebo fasebi da gadaixdeba marJa. seqtori [laT. sector] _ (ekon.). meurneobis nawili, romelsac garkveuli ekonomikuri da socialuri niSnebi axasaiaTebs. mag., kerZo seqtori, saxelmwifo seqtori da a.S. svingi [ingl. swing _ meryeoba] _ valutebisa da fasiani qaRaldebis kursebis meryeoba birJaze. svitCi [ingl. switch _ gadasvla, gadarTva, mimarTulebis Secvla] _ adre mirebul valdebulebaTa likvidacia da operaciebis, garigebebis dasruleba erTi saxeobis fasian qaRaldebTan, valutebTan da gadasvla sxva saxeobis garigebebze; samarTlebriv-komerciuli TvalsazrisiT, garigeba `svitCi~ gulisxmobs eqsportioris mier Semxvedri Sesyidvis dros warmoSobili Tavisi valdebulebebis mesame pirze gadacemas, romelTanac eqsportiors am sakiTxze ukve miRweuli aqvs SeTanxmeba. svifti [ingl. Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications, SWIFT] _ saerTaSoriso fuladi angariSsworebisa da gadasaxdelebis ganxorcielebis avtomatizebuli sistema kompiutere-

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biTa da bankTaSorisi telekomunikaciebiT. svopi _ savaWro-finansuri gacvliTi operacia, romelSic garigebis dadebas fasiani qaRaldebis, valutis yidvis (gayidvis) Sesaxeb Tan axlavs kontrgarigebis dadeba gansazRvruli vadis Semdeg imave saqonlis ukugayidvis (yidvis) Sesaxeb imave an sxva pirobiT. `svopingi~ _ fasiani qaRaldebis gayidva da Semdgomi TiTqmis imavdrouli yidva, romelic xorcieldeba im mizniT, rom gaeridos gadasaxadebs, romlebic gadasaxdelia fasiani qaRaldebis xangrZlivad flobis dros. svop-kursi _ bankebis mier ucxouri valutis erTdrouli yidvisa da gayidvis fasebi im pirobiT, rom maTi angariSsworeba xorcieldeba sxvadasxva dros. `svopcioni~ _ svopisa da ofcionis kombinacia ofcionis formiT, operacia svopis dadebaze gansazRvruli pirobebiT. simpoziumi [berZ. symposia _ wveuleba] _ saerTaSoriso TaTbiri raime samecniero sakiTxze. sindikati [laT. sindikatus, sindicus] _ erTgvarovani produqciis gamomSveb sawarmoTa xanmokle gaerTianeba, romelic erTiani savaWro qseliT aseTi produqciis sarealizaciod iqmneba.

sindicirebuli krediti _ krediti, romelic msesxebels ramdenime kreditoris mier eZleva. sindicirebuli operacia _ operacia, romelic bankebis, kompaniebis jgufis mier xorcieldeba. sinekura _ (gadat.). kargad anazRaurebuli Tanamdeboba. sinergia [berZ. synergos _ erTad moqmedeba] _ (ekon.). saqmianobis efeqtianobis zrda imis Sedegad, rom ganxorcieldeba calkeuli nawilebis SeerTeba, integracia, Serwyma erT sistemaSi e.w. sistemuri efeqtis xarjze. sinTezuri maCveneblebi [frang. synthegis _ SeerTeba] _ ganmazogadebeli maCveneblebi, romlebic axasiaTeben ekonomikur obieqts, ekonomikur sistemas mTlianad, misi nawilebis organul mTlianobaSi. sinior (e), (siniora) [ital. signore, signora] _ (dipl.). italiaSi: zrdilobiani xseneba mamakacisa (qalisa) an misdami mimarTva. Cveulebriv, warmoiTqmis (iwereba) gvarTan erTad. sinqromarketingi [berZ. sinchronos _ erTdrouli da ingl. market _ bazari] _ marketingis erT-erTi saxeoba, romelsac atareben firmebi maT saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze cvalebadi, aramdgradi moTxovnis pirobebSi (mag., sezonis dros daAa.S.). sistemuri analizi [berZ. systma _ mTliani, romelic

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Sedgenilia nawilebisagan da analisis _ daSla, danawevreba] _ (ekon.). rTuli mravaldoniani da mravalkomponentiani sistemebis, obieqtebis, procesebis da meTodebis erToblioba, romlebic sistemis elementebs Soris kompleqsur midgomas, urTierTkavSiris gaTvaliswinebas efuZneba. situaciuri marTva [laT. situatio _ mdgomareoba] _ (menej.). operatiuli marTva, romelic strategiuli, perspeqtiuli marTvis damatebiT xorcieldeba. siurveieri [ingl. surveyer] _ eqsperti, romelic damzRvevis an mzRvevelis TxovniT dazRveuli an dasazRvevi gemebisa da tvirTis daTvalierebas axorcielebs. sif-i [ingl. CIF inicialuri abreviatura sityvebidan _ cost _ fasi, insurance _ dazRveva da freight _ fraxti] _ saqonlis miwodebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli piroba saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi, romlis Tanaxmad, gamyidveli valdebulia daazRvios saqoneli da gadaixados fraxti, miitanos saqoneli portSi da datvirTos igi gemze SeTanxmebul vadaSi, gadasces myidvels konosamenti (sasaqonlo qviTari) da dazRvevis polisi. skalperi [ingl. scalper] _ fasebis swraf meryeobaze moqmedi birJis wevri.

skeiti [ingl. scathe] _ aqciebis kotirebaze dilerebis uari, rac winaswar gamocxadebulia maT mier masmediis saSualebiT. skvoteri [ingl. squeatter] _ xizani; piri, romelic ukanonod iWreba sxvis sakuTrebaSi. skonto _ saqonlis fasCamokleba misi gadaxdis vadis dadgomamde ganaRdebis dros. skripi _ axal aqciebze sertifikatebis winaswari gacema. slogani _ sareklamo lozungi, devizi, sareklamo ideis mokle, advilad aRqmadi, efeqturi formulireba. smart-karta _ plastikuri saangariSsworebo sabanko baraTi Cadgmuli mikroprocesorebiT. sorti [frang. sorte] _ saqonlis dayofa xarisxis mixedviT garkveul jgufebad. spekulacia sabirJo, savaluto [laT. speculatio _ zverva] _ aqciebis, obligaciebis, valutis yidva-gadayidva mogebis misaRebad. specializacia [frang. spcialisation] _ saqmianobis Tavmoyra SedarebiT viwro specialur mimarTulebebze, calkeul teqnologiur operaciebze an gamosaSvebi produqciis saxeobebze. specifikacia [frang. spcification] _ gasayidad an misawodeblad SeTavazebuli saqonlis CamonaTvali, romelSic

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naCvenebia misi raodenoba, xarisxi, marka, xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi, xolo aucilebel SemTxvevaSi _ fasebic. spikeri [ingl. Speaker] _ piri, romelic parlamentis sxdomas Tavmjdomareobs. spiritualuri [laT. spiritus _ sulieri] _ eklesiuri, wminda, RvTiseuli, gonebrivi. spliti _ korporaciebis, aqcioneruli kompaniebis ararealizebuli aqciebis dayofa, danawileba naklebad msxvili aqciebis did raodenobad maTi gavrcelebis gasaadvileblad. sponsori [ingl. sponsor] _ 1. Tavdebi, garanti. 2. fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, romelic afinansebs ekonomikur proeqts, socialuri RonisZiebis gatarebas. 3. SemkveTi, organizatori, msxvili RonisZiebis momwyobi. spoti [ingl. spot _ naRdi, dauyovnebliv gasanaRdebeli] sabirJo an arasabirJo garigeba arsebuli saqonlis an valutis gayidvis Sesaxeb, romliTac gaTvaliswinebulia Zalze moklevadiani (erTi dRe-Rame) miwodeba da ganaRdeba. sprederi _ birJis vaWari, romelic yidulobs da imavdroulad yidis fiuCersul kontraqtebs drois sxvadasxva periodiT. spredi [ingl. spread] _ (vaWr.). 1. fiuCersuli kontraqtebis imavdrouli yidva da gayidva erTsa da imave saqonelze

miwodebis sxvadasxva vadiT. 2. erTi tipis ofcionebis imavdrouli yidva da gayidva sxvadasxva fasSi an vadis gasvlis sxvadasxva periodSi. 3. fasebis meryeobis gaqaneba. stagnacia [laT. stagno _ vaCereb] _ (ekon.). warmoebis, vaWrobisa da misT. Seneleba, Seferxeba. stagflacia [laT. stagno _ vxdi umoZraos da inflatio _ gaberva] _ (ekon.). stagnaciisa da inflaciis Sexameba, ekonomikis mdgomareoba, roca erTdroulad xdeba warmoebis dacema, fasebisa da umuSevrobis zrda, ekonomikuri krizisis inflaciasTan Sexameba. stadia [berZ. stadio] _ ekonomikuri procesis periodi, faza, safexuri. mag., produqciis sasicocxlo ciklis stadiebi: danergva, zrda, simwife da dacema. standarti [ingl. standard _ norma, nimuSi] _ 1. dargis, sawarmos (firmis) oficialuri saxelmwifo an normatiuli dokumenti, romliTac aucilebeli Tvisebrivi maxasiaTeblebi, moTxovnebi dgindeba. 2. nimuSi, etaloni, romelsac sxva amgvar obieqts udareben. statistika [ingl. statistics < laT.] _ (ekon.). mecniereba, romelic swavlobs raodenobriv cvlilebebs adamianTa sazogadoebaSi. statusi [laT. status _ mdgomareoba] _ saerTaSoriso

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samarTlis subieqtTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba, romelic dadgenilia saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebiT. status-kvo [laT. status quo] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: raime garkveul momentSi (winaT an amJamad), arsebuli mdgomareoba. statuti [laT. statutum _ vadgen, vwyvet] _ saerTaSoriso samarTalSi: aqti, debuleba, wesdeba saerTaSoriso organizaciis saqmianobisa da wesis Sesaxeb, romelic am organizaciis struqturas, uflebebsa da valdebulebebs gansazRvravs. mag., gaeros saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos statuti da sxv. stelaJi [germ. Stellage _ ormagi ofcioni] _ fasiani qaRaldebis yidva-gayidvis vadiani garigebis forma, romelic xasiaTdeba imiT, rom pirovneba, romelmac iyida stelaJi, iZens uflebas _ garigebis vadis dadgomis dros gamovides Tavisi arCeviT fasiani qaRaldebis gamyidvelis an myidvelis rolSi. stend-bai _ sakredito xelSekrulebis pirobebi, romelTa Sesabamisad banki arezervebs dadgenili vadisaTvis daTqmul Tanxas, xolo klienti iyenebs mas nawilobriv an mTlianad. stokbrokeri [ingl. stock broker] _ Tavisi saxeliT moqmedi piri, romelic yidis

Tavisi klientebis pais an aqciebs. stokisti [ingl. stock _ kapitali, qoneba] _ importiori firma, romelic axorcielebs eqsport-importis operaciebs konsignaciis wesiT xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, aqvs sakuTari sawyobi, yidulobs da yidis saqonels Tavisi saxeliTa da xarjiT. strategia [berZ. stratgia] _ sazogadoebriv-politikuri brZolis xelmZRvanelobis xelovneba. stringi [ingl. string _ rigi, seria] _ erTgvarovani saqonlis jgufi, romelic auqcionze erT erTeulad gamodis da saerTo fasiT iyideba. `strit-neimi~ _ fasiani qaRaldebi, romlebic klientis nacvlad brokeris saxelzea gamowerili. subvencia [laT. subvenire] _ igivea, rac subsidia; fuladi daxmareba, romelsac centraluri organoebi gansazRvruli RonisZiebis, obieqtis miznobrivi dafinansebisaTvis gamoyofen. subieqti ekonomikuri [laT. subjectum _ piri, subieqti] _ piri, romelic axorcielebs ekonomikur, sameurneo saqmianobas, iqneba es calkeuli adamiani, ojaxi, sawarmo Tu saxelmwifo. subijara [laT. sub _ qveS da pol. arenda] _ moijaris mier ijariT aRebuli qonebis

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nawilis ijariT gadacema mesame pirisaTvis, romlis drosac moijare xdeba ijariT gamcemi im piris mimarT, romelic moijaris rolSi gamodis. subordinacia [laT. subordinatio] _ ufrosebisadmi umcrosebis samsaxurebrivi daqvemdebarebis sistema, samsaxurebrivi disciplinis dacva. subsidia [laT. subsidium _ daxmareba, mxardaWera] _ fuladi an materialuri daxmareba, romelic saxelmwifo biujetidan, specialuri fondebidan fizikur da iuridiul pirebs, sxva saxelmwifoebs miecema. uSualod micemul daxmarebas pirdapir subsidiebs, xolo sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs _ arapirdapir subsidiebs uwodeben. substituti [laT. substitutum _ vdeb nacvlad] _ saqoneli, romelic misi msgavsi Tvisebebis mqone sxva saqonels cvlis. suvereni [frang. souverain] _ umaRlesi Zalauflebis mpyrobeli. suvereniteti [germ. Souverinitt _ uzenaesoba] _ saxelmwifo xelisuflebis uzenaesoba qveynis SigniT da damoukidebloba saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi. suvereniteti ekonomikuri _ (samarT.). saxelmwifos, regionnis ekonomikuri damoukidebloba sxva saxelmwifoebisa da regionebisagan.

supermarketi [ingl. Supermarket _ mniSvnelovani bazari] _ (vaWr.). msxvili maRazia, romelSic mravali sxvadasxvagvari saqonelia warmodgenili. surogati [laT. surrogatus _ sxvis nacvlad] _ (ekon.). yalbi, falsificirebuli produqti.

t
tabeli [laT. tabula, germ. Tabelle _ cxrili] _ 1. garkveuli wesiT Sedgenili obieqtebisa da pirebis CamonaTvali; sia. 2. samuSaoze muSakebis misvla-wasvlis aRricxvis dokumenti. tabulagrama [laT. tabula da berZ. gramm _ weriTi niSani] _ saangariSgebo dokumenti, gaangariSebis Sedegi, aRbeWdili tabulatorze an kompiuteris sabeWd mowyobilobaze. tabulatori [laT. tabula _ dafa] _ gamomTvleli manqana. taimingi [ingl. timing _ drois arCeva] _ sabirJo termini, romelic niSnavs yvelaze ufro xelsayrel moments aqciebis yidva-gayidvisaTvis. taim-Carteri [ingl. time charter] _ (zRv.). xelSekruleba savaWro gemis ijariT aRebaze garkveuli droiT, Cveulebriv, araumetes 12 Tvisa. talimani [ingl. tallyman] _ saqonlis ganvadebiT gamyidveli.

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taloni [frang. talon] _ 1. (ekon.). qaRaldi, dokumenti, romelic adasturebs misi mflobelis uflebas miiRos sikeTe, faseuloba, nivTi. 2. dokumentis nawili, romelic damoukidebeli saxiT gamoiyeneba. tantiemi [frang. tantime] _ damatebiTi gasamrjelo, premia, romelic firmis zemdgom xelmZRvanel Semadgenlobas firmis mier miRebuli wminda mogebidan miecema. tara [ital. tara, arab.-dan tarha _ gamoqviTva] _ saqonlis safuTavi. targetireba [ingl. target _ mizani] _ fuladi sistemis miznobrivi orientirebis dadgena, fulis masis namatis regulireba, rasac Tavis politikaSi iyeneben centraluri bankebi. tarifi [frang. tarif] _ (ekon.). gadasaxadis ganakveTi sxvadasxvagvari momsaxurebisaTvis. tarifikacia [frang. tarification] _ risame tarifis dadgena. taqsa [germ. taxe, laT.-dan taxare _ Sefasdes] _ tarifebis, fasebis, anazRaurebis mkafiod dadgenili done; nixri. taqsacia [laT. taxatio] _ risame nixris dadgena; Sefaseba. taqtika [berZ. taktik _ jaris darazmvis xelovneba] _ 1. sazogadoebrivi da politikuri brZolis xerxebi. 2. (gadat.). raime miznis misaRwevi xerxebi.

taqtika ekonomikuri _ xanmokle ekonomikuri qceva, romelic mimdinare situaciidan gamomdinare SedarebiT xanmokle periodisaTvis aris gaTvlili. tezavracia [berZ. thesauros _ ganZi] _ 1. mosaxleobis mier fulis dagroveba mimoqcevidan misi amoRebis gziT. 2. kerZo pirebis mier oqros dagroveba ganZis saxiT. 3. qveynis oqros maragis Seqmna. telemarketingi [ingl. telemarketing] _ (vaWr.). gasaReba telekomunikaciebis daxmarebiT. teleqsuri kavSiri [ingl. telegraf exchange] _ satelegrafosaabonento kavSirgabmulobis erTiani saerTaSoriso avtomatizebuli sistema informaciis operatiuli gadacemisaTvis. teleSopingi [ingl. teleshoping] _ sacalo vaWroba telekomunikaciur saSualebaTa daxmarebiT; saqonlis SekveTa nimuSebis mixedviT telefoniT, saxlSi mitaniT. `telo~ _ sakuTreba mzrunvelis xelSi; ZiriTadi Tanxa, kapitali. tendencia [laT. tendo _ miviswrafi] _ analizis Sedegad gamovlenili myari urTierTobebi, ZiriTadi niSnebi, Tvisebebi, mimarTulebebi. tenderi [ingl. tender] _ Ria an daxuruli konkurentuli vaWroba.

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terori [laT. terror] _ SiSi, saSineleba. terorizmi [ingl. terrorism] _ politikuri miznebiT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis aqti. danaSauli, romelic miznad isaxavs xelisuflebaze zemoqmedebas, mis daSinebas da iZulebas. teroristi _ piri, romelic axorcielebs Zaladobis aqts politikuri miznebiT. testi [ingl. test] _ 1. raimes muSaobis xarisxis Semowmeba. 2. gamocdis Catarebis saSualeba. teqnika [berZ. techn _ xelovneba] _ 1. (dipl.). molaparakebis warmarTvis xerxebis erToblioba. 2. sawarmoo saqmianobaSi teqnikur saSualebaTa erToblioba Sromis nayofierebisa da produqciis xarisxis asamaRleblad. teqnokratia [berZ. techn _ xelovneba da kratos _ Zalaufleba] _ 1. mmarTvel xelisuflebaSi inJinrebisa da mecnierebis gadasvla. 2. ekonomikuri procesebisa da movlenebisadmi wminda teqnikuri poziciebidan midgoma. teqnologia [berZ. techn _ xelovneba da logos _ moZRvreba] _ 1. mecniereba nedleulis, nakeTobebisa da naxevarfabrikatebis damuSavebis fizikur-qimiuri da sxva xerxebis Sesaxeb. 2. garkveuli wesiTa da TanamimdevrobiT ganxorcielebul operaciaTa erToblioba.

teqnologiuri parki [ingl. industrial park] _ mecnierebisa da warmoebis teritoriuli integraciis axali forma, romelic, ZiriTadad, Tavisufal savaWro zonebSia ganviTarebuli. teqnopolisi [berZ. techn _ xelovneba da polis _ qalaqi] _ Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonis erT-erTi forma, romelic inovaciuri procesebis dasaCqareblad iqmneba. `tvisti~ [ingl. twist] _ saxelmwifo organoebis mcdeloba Secvalon procentuli ganakveTebis droebiTi struqtura. tikeri [ingl. tiker] _ sistema, romelic `morbenali striqoniT~ eleqtro tabloze asaxavs yvelaze ukanasknel sabirJo garigebaTa kursebs. tiki _ birJaze kursis minimaluri meryeoba, romelic dadgenilia sabirJo wesebiT. tiraJi [frang. tirage _ weva] _ sesxis an latariis mogebaTa gaTamaSeba. tituli [laT. titulus _ warwera, sapatio wodeba] _ 1. iuridiuli, dokumenturi dasabuTeba uflebisa garkveul qmedebebze, gansakuTrebul mdgomareobaze, qonebaze, saqonlis flobaze. 2. gansakuTrebuli kari kanonSi an kanonTa kodeqsSi. `tom-neksti~ _ kombinirebuli sabirJo garigeba, romelic faqtobrivad iwyeba

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meore, xolo mTavrdeba mesame dRes. mag., erTdroulad valutis yidva miwodebiT Semdeg samuSao dRes da gayidviT meore samuSao dRes. tonaJi [ingl. tonnage] _ registrirebuli tevadoba, satransporto saSualebis tvirTamweoba, gamoxatuli tonobiT. topiksi [ingl. TOPIX Tokio stock price index] _ fasiani qaRaldebis fasebis specialuri indeqsi tokios safondo birJaze. totalitarizmi [frang. totalitaire] _ politikuri sistema, romelSic saxelmwifos absoluturi Zalaufleba aqvs Tavis moqalaqeebze. tradicia [laT. traditio _ gadacema] _ istoriulad Camoyalibebuli, Taobidan Taobas gadacemuli wes-Cveulebebi, yofaqcevis normebi, Sexedulebebi da sxv. trakacia _ winaswari winadadeba saqonlis gayidvis an yidvis Sesaxeb, im mizniT, rom gairkves dainteresebul pirTa reaqcia. tranziti [laT. transitus] _ tvirTebis gadazidva, mgzavrebis gadayvana Sualeduri punqtis gavliT. trans[laT. trans -iT, gavliT, gamWol] _ rTuli sityvis pirveli Semadgeneli nawili. aRniSnavs: 1. moZraobas risame gavliT. 2. risame saSualebiT gadacemas.

transaqcia [laT. transactio _ Sesruleba, xelSekruleba] _ 1. sabanko operacia, romliTac xdeba fuladi saxsrebis gadagzavna erTi angariSidan meoreze. 2. politikur-iuridiuli SeTanxmeba, romelsac Tan axlavs urTierTdaTmoba. translacia [ingl. translatio] _ saqonlis Rirebulebis gadaangariSeba erTi valutidan meoreSi. transporti [laT. transporto _ gadamaqvs] _ 1. meurneobis dargi, romelsac gadahyavs mgzavrebi da gadaaqvs tvirTi. 2. bankis werilobiTi brZaneba Tavisi korespondentebisadmi brZanebaSi miTiTebuli pirisaTvis Tanxis misacemad. transferi, transferti [ingl. transfer, frang. transfert _ gadacema] _ 1. ucxouri valutis erTi qveynidan meoreSi gadagzavna. 2. erTi piris mier meorisaTvis fasiani qaRaldebis flobis uflebis gadacema. 3. garigebis mixedviT sazRauris erTi angariSidan meoreze gadatana. 4. erTi qveynidan meoreSi moqalaqeTa gadasvla. transformacia [laT. transformatio _ Secvla] _ ekonomikuri saqmianobis struqturebis, formebisa da xerxebis gardaqmna, misi miznobrivi mimarTulebis Secvla. tranSa, tranSi [frang. tranche] _ saobligacio sesxis seria, romelic calke gamoSvebad gamodis.

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trasanti [germ. Trassant, ital.-dan trassante] _ gadasagzavni Tamasuqis mflobeli, romelic pasuxismgebelia mis aqceptsa da gadaxdaze. trasati [germ. Trassat, ital. trassate _ Tamasuqis gadagzavna] _ gadasagzavni Tamasuqis gadamxdeli, movale. trasti _ 1. iuridiuli dokumenti an iuridiuli qmedeba, romelic erT pirs meoris mxridan akisrebs ndobiTi sakuTrebis marTvis iuridiul funqcias, mindobilobas. 2. sakuTrebis ndobiTi marTvis procesi. trast-kompania _ 1. kompania, romelic asrulebs ndobiT funqcias, e.i. moqmedebs im piris davalebiT, romelmac ando mas es qmedeba. 2. ndobiT aRWurvili piri, romelic qonebas misi mflobelis davalebiT marTavs. trast-sertifikati [ingl. trust sertificate] _ fasiani qaRaldi, romelsac miznobrivad axali mowyobilobis SeZenisaTvis uSveben. trastuli SeTanxmeba _ SeTanxmeba banksa da klients Soris, riTac banki Tavis Tavze iRebs klientis Tanxebis marTvaze zrunvas. trata [ital. tratta] _ gadasagzavni Tamasuqi, sagareo vaWrobaSi: saangariSsworebo dokumenti. trata domicilirebuli [ingl. domicifed bill] _ trata,

romelzec aqceptantis mier miTiTebulia gadaxdis adgili. treideri [ingl. trade _ vivaWroT] _ 1. sabirJo vaWrobaSi monawile sabrokero firmis muSaki. 2. nebismieri iuridiuli an fizikuri piri, romelsac ufleba aqvs dados garigeba birJaze. 3. movaWre. trendi [ingl. trend] _ ekonomikuri maCveneblebis Secvlis mimarTuleba, romelic ganisazRvreba saangariSgebo, statistikuri monacemebis damuSavebisa da amis safuZvelze ekonomikuri zrdis an dacemis tendenciis dadgeniT. tresti [ingl. trust] _ firmebis gaerTianeba, romelSic misi monawileebi TavianT savaWro-sawarmoo mmarTvelobiT funqciebs centris xelmZRvanelobas gadascemen. tribunali [laT. tribunal] _ sagangebo sasamarTlo. trigeri [ingl. trigger] _ sakredito SeTanxmebis pirobebi, romlis drosac avtomaturad dgeba raime Sedegi, mag., kreditis vadamde dafarvis moTxovna. triplikati [ingl. triplicate] _ dokumenti, romelic Sedgenilia sam egzemplarad. SaerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi: kontraqtis mesame egzemplaris beWdiT damowmeba.

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u
uzurpacia [laT. usurpatio] _ Zalauflebis ukanonod xelSi Cagdeba, sxvisi uflebebis miTviseba. uzufruqti [laT. usus _ gamoyeneba da fructus _ nayofi, Semosavali] _ (samarT.). sxvisi sakuTrebis Semosavlis an miwis gamoyenebis ufleba. uikendi [ingl. week-end] _ `kviris bolo~; dasvenebis dro paraskevsaRamodan orSabaTdilamde (romelsac, qalaqgareT atareben). ultimatumi [laT. ultimatum _ ukanaskneli] _ erTi saxelmwifos kategoriuli moTxovna meoris mimarT, romlis Seusruleblobas mosdevs diplomatiuri urTierTobis gawyveta an Zalis gamoyeneba. ultimo [ital. ultimo _ ukanaskneli, bolo] _ komerciul da sabirJo praqtikaSi: Tvis bolo dRe, garigebis damTavrebis bolo vada. ultra [laT. ultra] _ prefiqsi, romelic aRniSnavs eqstremalurs, ukiduress (mag., ultraTanamedrove). ultra viresi [laT. ultra vires _ SesaZleblobis zeviT] _ saqmianoba, romelic garkveul uflebebs aRemateba da uflebamosilebaTa CarCoebs miRmaa gamosuli. unia [laT. unio _ erTianoba, gaerTianeba] _ saerTaSoriso

samarTalSi ori an ramdenime saxelmwifos gaerTianeba erTi saxelmwifos meTaurobiT. unitaruli [frang. unitaire] _ mTliani, erTiani. unitaruli saxelmwifo _ federaciul erTeulebad (Statebi, mxareebi da sxv.) dauyofadi saxelmwifo. unifikacia [laT. unus _ erTi da facio _ vakeTeb] _ saerTo normaze gadayvana; gaerTianeba. uncia [laT. uncia] _ woniTi erTeuli (daaxloebiT, 30 gr.). uol-striti [ingl. WallStreet] _ niu-iorkSi: quCa, sadac moTavsebulia udidesi bankebi, niu-iorkis safondo birJa da sxv. uoranti, varanti [ingl. warrant] _ mowmoba, romelic gaicema saqonlis Sesanaxad miRebis Taobaze saqonlis wonis, xarisxisa da raodenobis miTiTebiT. urbanizacia [frang. urbanisation] _ mrewvelobisa da mosaxleobis msxvil qalaqebSi Tavmoyra. utilizacia [laT. utilis _ sasargeblo] _ warmoebis narCenebis (jarTi da sxv.) meoradi gamoyeneba. utilitarizmi [laT. utilitas _ sargebeli, gamorCena] _ ekonomikuri azris mimdinareoba, romelic sagnebs, nivTebs, procesebsa da movlenebs maTi sargeblianobis, gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT afasebs.

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f
fabrikati [laT. fabricatus _ damzadebuli] _ gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis damTavrebuli produqti, mza nawarmi. favoriti [frang. favorite, laT. favor _ keTilganwyobileba] _ 1. adamiani, romelic sargeblobs maRali Tanamdebobis mqone piris keTilganwyobiT. 2. korporacia, firma, romelsac konkurentul brZolaSi sxvebTan SedarebiT mogebis miRebis meti Sansi aqvs. falsifikacia [laT. falsifico _ vayalbeb] _ raime namdvilis, WeSmaritis Secvla mcdariT, yalbiT; risame gayalbeba, xarisxis gauareseba. fao [ingl. FAO] gaeros sasursaTo da sasoflosameurneo organizacia. fas-i [ingl. FAS, free alongside ship _ Tavisufalia gemis bortis gaswvriv] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi gavrcelebuli sabaziso piroba, romelic saqonlis miwodebisa da ganaRdebis wess gansazRvravs. faqsimile [laT. fac simile _ gaakeTe msgavsi] _ beWedi, kliSe, romlis gamoyenebiT adamianis xelmowera meordeba. faqtori [ingl. factor _ agenti, Suamavali] _ 1. sawarmos (ekonomikis) ganviTarebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi resursi (miwa, Sroma, kapitali, mewarmeoba). 2. agenti, romelsac

evaleba da aqvs saqonlis gayidvis uflebamosileba. faqtoria [ingl. factory < laT.] _ savaWro dasaxleba Semoziduli da gasazidi saqonlis sawyobebiT, romlebic ganlagebulia sxva qveyanaSi. faqtoringi [ingl. factoring, factor-gan _ agenti, Suamavali] _ finansuri momsaxurebis (valebis amoReba) saxeoba, romelsac komerciuli bankebi wvril da saSualo firmebs uweven. faqtura [laT. factura _ damuSaveba, agebuleba] _ gamyidvelis mier myidvelis saxelze gamowerili sasaqonlo dokumenti angariSis saxiT, romelic gayiduli saqonlis saxeobis, raodenobisa da Rirebulebis Sesaxeb monacemebs Seicavs. federacia [laT. federation _ kavSiri, gaerTianeba] _ saxelmwifo wyobilebis forma, mmarTvelobis tipi; saxelmwifoebis an organizaciebis jgufi, romelTac hyavT centraluri xelmZRvaneli organo, romelic maTi warmomadgenelia da maT saerTo interesebs icavs. fiasko [ital. fiasco] _ Cavardna, sruli warumatebloba, marcxi. fiducia [laT. fiducia] _ ndobaze damyarebuli xelSekruleba.

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fiduciari _ ndobiT aRWurvili iuridiuli an fizikuri piri, romelic marTavs qonebas da atarebs masze pasuxismgeblobas sxva piris sasargeblod. filantropi [berZ. Philanthrpos] _ qvelmoqmedi, mowyale adamiani. filiera _ gamyidvelis mier gacemuli gansakuTrebuli Tamasuqi, romlis mflobels winadadeba eZleva miiRos mitanili saqoneli, romelic masze miyidulia garkveuli pirobebiTa da fasiT. finansebi [frang. finanse, laT. financia _ naRdi fuli, Semosavali] _ ganmazogadebeli ekonomikuri termini; fuladi saxsrebi, finansuri resursebi, ganxiluli maT Seqmna-moZraobaSi, ganawilebagadanawilebaSi, gamoyenebaSi. fio [ingl. FIO] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi gavrcelebuli saqonlis miwodebis piroba, romlis Tanaxmad CatvirTva-gadmotvirTvis samuSaoTa Rirebulebis gadaxda tvirTis gamgzavnis an gemis mflobelis mier xdeba. firma [ital. firma] _ iuridiuli piris uflebis mqone sawarmos, kompaniis zogadi saxelwodeba. fiski [laT. fiscus] _ (finans.). saxelmwifo xazina. fiuCersi [ingl. future _ momavali] _ aqciebis, valutis an saqonlis yidva-gayidva

momavalSi misawodeblad. 1. saswrafo garigeba fasebis ryevisagan TavdasaRwevad; SeTanxmebul droSi yidvis an gayidvis kontraqti. 2. garkveuli vadiT Sesyiduli saqoneli. 3. vadiani xelSekrulebebi. fiuCersuli garigebebi, fiuCerebi [ingl. futures _ saqoneli, SeZenili winaswar, daswrebiT] _ birJaze saswrafod dadebuli garigebebi sanedleulo saqonlis, oqros, valutis, fasiani qaRaldebis yidva-gayidvis Sesaxeb garagebis dadebis momentSi moqmedi fasebiT, nayidi saqonlis miwodebiTa da SemdgomSi ganaRdebiT. fiuCersuli kontraqti _ SeTanxmeba, romelic iyideba bazarze, rogorc fasiani qaRaldebi. fiqcia [laT. fictio] _ 1. mogonili, SeTxzuli ram. 2. sinamdvilis Seuferebeli, gamogonili mdgomareoba, romelsac raime mizniT iyeneben rogorc namdvils. fiqsacia [frang. fixcation] _ risame aRniSvna, registrireba, sabolood gansazRvra. mag., saqonlis, fasiani qaRaldebis fasebis gansazRvrul doneze SeCereba. fiqsingi [ingl. fixing, ingl. fix _ ganmtkiceba, dadgena] _ saqonlis fasi, romelic dadgenilia birJaze drois mocemul momentSi.

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fiqciuri kapitali [frang. fictif, laT. fictio _ mogonili, SeTxzuli] _ kapitali, romelic realurisagan gansxvavebiT, materialur-nivTobriv an sulier faseulobas ar warmoadgens. igi, Cveulebriv, fasiani qaRaldia, romelic maT mflobelebs aZlevs Semosavlis miRebis uflebas dividendebis, procentebis saxiT. fluqtuacia [laT. fluctuatio] _ (finans.). gacvliTi kursis meryeoba. fob-i [ingl. FOB (Free on board) _ Tavisuflad gemis bortze] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi: saqonlis gadazidvis erT-erTi piroba, romlis Tanaxmad gamyidveli valdebulia miitanos saqoneli navsadgurSi da datvirTos igi myidvelis mier miTiTebul gemze. fondi [frang. fond, laT. fondus-dan _ daarseba, dafuZneba] _ 1. maragi, fuladi saxsrebis dagroveba, fuladi kapitali. 2. fuladi da materialuri saSualebebi, romlebic Tavmoyrilia erTad garkveuli miznebisaTvis. 3. organizacia, dawesebuleba, romelic Seqmnilia garkveuli jgufis adamianTa daxmarebis gasawevad (mag., saqvelmoqmedo, samecniero da sxv.). foreqsoli [ingl. FXall] _ eleqtronuli safondo birJa aSS-Si, evropasa da aziaSi.

forvardi [ingl. forward _ win] _ vadiani, swrafi angariSsworebis forma, romelic garigebis dadebis Semdeg ara umetes ori samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi tardeba. formaluri [laT. forma] _ 1. garkveviT da iuridiulad sworad dawerili. 2. mxolod garegnuli, araarsebiTi, moCvenebiTi. formaloba _ oficialuri procedura, an is, rac unda gakeTdes kanonis an Cveulebis Tanaxmad. formuliari [germ. Formular, laT. formula -gan _ forma, wesi] _ savaWro dokumenti, xelSekruleba, romlis teqsti ZiriTadad Sedgenilia winaswar da mxolod ramdenime striqonis Sevsebasa da xelmoweras iTxovs, ris Semdegac is iuridiul Zalas iZens. forsmaJori [frang. fore majeure] _ viTareba, romlis Tavidan acileba SeuZlebelia; gadaulaxavi dabrkoleba. forumi [laT. forum] _ 1. farTo warmomadgenlobiTi kreba. 2. (gadat.). adgili, sadac imarTeba Sekreba, azrTa gacvla-gamocvla. forfeitingi [frang. a forfai _ mTlianad, saerTo TanxiT] _ eqsportiorebis, gamyidvelebis dakreditebis Taviseburi forma saqonlis gayidvis dros, romelic sagareo vaWrobaSi ufro gamoiyeneba. am operaciis dros banki (forfeitori) eqsportiorisagan gamo-

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isyidis importioris fulad valdebulebas _ gaanaRdos mis mier nayidi saqoneli maSinve saqonlis miwodebis Semdeg da vadamde, mTlianad an nawilobriv Tavad unaRdebs saqonlis Rirebulebas eqsportiors. vadamde ganaRdebisaTvis banki-forfeitori eqsportiors procents axdevinebs. fostisi _ moTxovnisa da gasaRebis stimulirebis formebis RonisZieba. fra [ingl. FRA, forward rate agreement] _ (ekon., samarT.). kontraqti banksa da firmas Soris, romelic gansazRvruli odenobis Tanxaze garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi ucvleli procentuli ganakveTis garantias iZleva. franko [ital. franco _ Tavisufali] _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi: termini, romelic aRniSnavs saqonlis datvirTvas da gagzavnas gamyidvelis xarjiT. fraqcia [frang. fraction] _ (polit.). 1. adamianebis jgufi ufro didi organizaciis SigniT. mag., politikuri partiisa, visac gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi gaaCnia an gansakuTrebuli miznebi aqvs da partiis ZiriTad xazs ar iziarebs. 2. parlamentSi: ama Tu im partiis deputatTa jgufi, romelic iqmneba partiis mier SemuSavebuli xazis gasatareblad. franSiza [frang. franchise _ SeRavaTi] _ 1. iseTi komer-

ciuli sawarmos Seqmnis ufleba, romelic Tavisi ufrosi partnioris saqonliT vaWrobs. 2. dazRvevis pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebuli qonebis damzRvevi piris zaralis nawili, romelic mzRvevelis mier anazRaurebas ar eqvemdebareba. fraxti [germ.FFracht] _ 1. tvirTis gadazidvis gadasaxdeli wylis transportiT. dafraxtva _ daqiraveba. 2. tvirTi, gadaziduli fraxtiT da Tavad tvirTis gada-zidva. fri-raideri [ingl. free rider] _ birJis klienti, romelic iyenebs xelSekrulebaSi adre SeTanxmebul vadaze garigebis saswrafo ganaRdebis praqtikas, ris xarjzec birJis wesebis gverdis avliT damatebiT mogebas iRebs. fritrederoba [ingl. freetrade] _ ekonomikuri mimdinareoba, romelic sameurneo cxovrebaSi vaWrobis Tavisuflebasa da saxelmwifos Caurevlobas emxroba; Tavisufali vaWroba. friholdi [ingl. freehold] _ miwis an qonebis ganusazRvreli droiT (sapirisp. Lizholdi) flobis absoluturi ufleba rentis gadaxdis gareSe. frustracia [ingl. frustracion] _ (samarT.). xelSekrulebis amaoeba, misi gegmebis darRveva, moSla. fundamenturi [laT. fundamentum] _ 1. ZiriTadi; mTavari. 2. (gadat.). arsebiTi.

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mag., xelSekrulebis arsebiTi piroba, romlis Seusrulebloba meore mxares am SeTanxmebis gawyvetis uflebas aZlevs.

q
qarizma [ingl. charisma] _ gavlena, dafuZnebuli xelmZRvanelis pirovnul Tvisebebze an mis unarze Semoikribos momxreebi. qartia [berZ. chats] _ saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri mniSvnelobis mqone zogi dokumentis saxelwodeba. mag., Tavisuflebis didi qartia. qenveseri [ingl. canvasser] _ piri, romelic xmebis mosagroveblad binebSi dadis.

S
SantaJi [frang. chantage] _ (samarT.). saxelis gamtexi faqtebis (namdvilisa Tu mogonilis) gamomJRavnebis muqara da am gziT gamoZalva (fulisa, qonebisa da sxv.). SariaTi [arab. arat] _ zogierT muslimur qveyanaSi: religiur-iuridiuli normebis erToblioba. Seixi [arab. eih] _ muslimTa umaRlesi sasuliero piri, RvTismetyveli da samarTlismcodne.

Serifi [ingl. sheriff] _ inglisisa da aSS-is sagrafoebSi: Tanamdebobis piri, romelic asrulebs administraciul da sasamarTlo funqciebs. Sefi [ingl. chief _ yvelaze mniSvnelovani] _ mTavari: Tanamdebobis piri; xelmZRvaneli; lideri. Sikaneri _ arakeTilsindisieri movaWre. Sokuri Terapia [frang. chok _ dartyma] _ ekonomikis gajansaRebisaTvis radikalur RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi, romelic mimarTulia misTvis damaxasiaTebeli uaryofiTi movlenebis _ fasebis zrdis, inflaciis da a.S. Semcirebisaken. SomaJi _ stiqiuri movlenebis gamo warmoebis gaCerebis Sedegad finansuri zaralis dazRveva. Sop-turi [ingl. shop tour] _ organizebuli sazRvargareTuli mogzauroba marSrutiT, romlis mTavari mizania farTo moxmarebis saqonlis SeZena, rogorc wesi, misi Semdgomi gadayidvisaTvis. Stati [ingl. State] _ 1. federaluri saxelmwifos naxevraddamoukidebeli nawili. 2. mmarTvelobiTi struqturis erTeuli. Straikbrexeri [germ. Streikbrecher] _ piri, romelic agrZelebs muSaobas, rodesac gaficvaa gamocxadebuli.

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Suleri [pol. szuler] _ TaRliTi, profesionali yalTabandi.

C
Carteri [ingl. charter] _ transportis (gemis, TviTmfrinavis, avtobusis) specialuri mizniT daqiraveba, dafraxtva. Ceki [ingl. check] _ fasiani qaRaldebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli saxeoba; dokumenti, romelic Seicavs meanabris gankargulebas bankisadmi, rom man mimdinare angariSidan gadauxados an gadauricxos warmdgens garkveuli Tanxa.

c
cedenti [laT. cedo _ vuTmob] _ 1. samoqalaqo samarTalSi: piri, romelic Tavis kuTvnil uflebas sxva pirs gadascems. 2. dazRvevaSi: sadazRvevo kompania, romelic risks xelaxla azRvevs. ceremonia [laT. caerimonia _ mowiweba, Tayvaniscema] (dipl.). oficialuri xasiaTis zeimi, romelic garkveuli wesebiT, winaswar Sedgenili gegmiT tardeba. cesia [laT. cessia _ gadacema] _ (samarT.). sakuTrebis, saxsrebis flobis an maTi miRebis Tavisi uflebis sxva pirebze gadacema. mag., kredi-

tors (cedents) valis miRebis Tavisi ufleba SeuZlia sxva pirs (cesionars) gadasces. cesionari [ingl. cessionary] _ 1. piri, romelic kreditori misTvis moTxovnis uflebis gadacemiT xdeba. 2. memkvidre, romelsac finansuri operaciebis Catarebis an memkvidreobis ufleba gadaecema. 3. sadazRvevo kompania, romelic xelaxali dazRvevis risks (gadamzRvevi) Tavis Tavze iRebs. civilistika [laT. civilis] _ samoqalaqo samarTali. cikli [berZ. kyklos _ wre] _ procesebis, samuSaoebis, operaciebis erToblioba, romelic mTlianobaSi damTavrebul wriul Tanamimdevrobas qmnian. cirkulari [germ. Zircular, laT. circularis _ wriuli] _ qvemdgomi organoebisaTvis zemdgomi organos werilobiTi gankarguleba.

j
jentlmenuri SeTanxmeba _ (dipl.). saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, romelsac deben oficialur formalobaTa daucvelad, dauwerlad (zepirad). joberi [ingl. jobber] _ 1. piri, romelic safondo birJaze Tavisi xarjiT asrulebs operaciebs fasian qaRaldebTan dakavSirebiT. 2. firma, romelic importiore-

90

bisagan yidulobs saqonlis did partiebs swrafi gadayidvisaTvis.

h
hairingi [ingl. hiring] _ mowyobilobis saSualovadiani xelSekruleba, lizingis erTerTi forma. haitek-kompania [ingl. highech company] _ kompania, romelic nergavs da iyenebs maRalteqnologiur procesebs, mowyobilobas, damuSavebebs. harmonizacia [berZ. harmonia _ Tanazomiereba] _ (ekon.). gadasaxadebis urTierTSeTanxmebuloba, sistemaSi moyvana, unifikacia, koordinacia, mowesrigeba, urTierTSesabamisobis uzrunvelyofa. hastingsi [ingl. hustings] _ (polit.). winasaarCevno kampania. hegemonia [berZ. hgemonia] _ (polit.). erTi Zlieri saxelmwifos mier mezobeli saxelmwifoebis jgufze batonoba. hedonizmi [berZ. hedone _ didi siamovneba] _ individis miswrafeba Tavisi keTildReobis zrdisaken miRebuli siamovnebisaTvis. her [germ. Herr] _ germaniasa da zog sxva qveyanaSi: mamakacis xseneba an misdami mimarTva (Cveulebriv, gvarTan erTad); batoni; batono. hejeri _ sameurneo subieqti, firma an banki, romelic

fiuCersul birJaze hejirebis operaciebs awarmoebs. heji _ saswrafo (xangrZlivi) operacia, garigeba, romelic ideba gamyidvelebisa da myidvelebis mocemul saqonelze sabazro fasis momavali SesaZlo cvlilebisagan dazRvevis mizniT. hejireba, xejireba _ riskis Semcireba, Tavis dazRveva danakargisagan, romelic ganpirobebulia gamyidvelebisa da myidvelebisaTvis saqonelze sabazro fasebis araxelsayreli cvlilebebiT imasTan SedarebiT, rac xelSekrulebis dadebis dros iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. hiperinflacia [berZ. hyper _ zeviT da laT. inflatio _ gaberili] _ fulis mkveTri, swrafi gaufasureba, misi myidvelobiTunarianobis Semcireba, rac fasebis mniSvnelovan zrdaSi vlindeba. hipoTeza [berZ. hypothesis _ raime movlenis asaxsnelad wamoyenebuli mecnieruli varaudi, romlis ueWveloba jer cdiT ar aris damtkicebuli. holdingi [ingl. holding] _ korporacia, kompania, meTauri sawarmo, romelic marTavs an akontrolebs sxva sawarmoTa, (kompaniaTa) saqmianobas. `homo ekonomikuri~ [laT. Homo economicus] _ 1. adamiani maRali ekonomikuri intiuciiTa da SemecnebebiT, romelic ekonomikuri gadawyvetilebebis optimalur variantebs

91

iRebs. 2. adamiani, romelic SeuCerebel gamdidrebas eswrafvis. honorari [laT. honorarium] _ fuladi Tanxa, romelsac damsaxurebisaTvis uxdian literaturuli, musikaluri, mecnieruli nawarmoebebis, gamogonebebis avtors. hofmakleri [germ. Hofmakler] _ birJis mTavari makleri, romelic birJis wevrebis mier

sabirJo maklerebis Semadgenlobidan gansazRvruli vadiT airCeva. humanitaruli daxmareba [laT. humanum _ adamianuri] _ usasyidlo materialuri daxmareba, romelic humanitaruli mosazrebebiT xorcieldeba.

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laTinuri warmomavlobis samarTalmcodneobiTi sityva-gamoTqmebi

A
Actio [akcio] _ sarCeli, moqmedeba. Actio in rem [akcio in rem] _ sanivTo sarCeli. Ante factum [ante faqtum] _ sanam moxdebodes rame. Ab initio [ab inicio] _ Tavidan, dasabamidan, dasawyisidan. Ad idem [ad idem] _ SeTanxmebulad. A fortiori [a fortriori] _ miT umetes, gansakuTrebiT. Ad hoc [ed hoq] _ specialurad, am SemTxvevisaTvis. Ad litem [ed litem] _ rac sasamarTlo saqmes exeba. Alieni juris [alieni iuris] _ sxvisi uflebis. Allocatur [alokatur] _ nebadarTulia. Amicus curae [amikus kurae] _ mosamarTlis megobari. Amicus plato, sed magis amitas veritas [amikus plato, sed magis amika veritas] _ platoni (Cemi) megobaria, magram ufro didi megobaria WeSmariteba (aristotele). A priori [a priori] _ imTaviTve.

Argumenta et rationes [argumenta et raciones] _ mosazrebebi da daskvnebi. Argumentum ad hominem [argumentum ad hominem] _ argumenti, romelic konkretuli piris azrs emyareba. argumentum ad rem [argumentum ad rem] _ namdvil viTarebaze damyarebuli argumenti. Audiatur et altare pars [audiatur et altare pars] _ mosmenil iqnas meore mxarec. Audi, vide, sile! [audi, vide, sile] _ usmine, uyure, iyuCe! Aurea mediocritas [aurea mediokritas] _ oqros Sualedi (horaciusi). Ausculta et perpende [auskulta et perpende] _ moismine da awon-dawone. Auscultare disce, si nescis loqui [auskultare dice, si nescis loqvi] _ iswavle mosmena, Tu laparaki ar ici. Ad valorem [ad valorem] _ fasis, Rirebulebis mixedviT.

B
Bona causa [bona kauza] _ samarTliani saqme.

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C
Calumnia [kalumnia] _ ciliswameba, cru braldeba. Capitis condemnare [kapitis kondemnare] _ sikvdilis misja. Casus a nullo praestantur [kazus a nulo prestantur] _ SemTxveviToba dausjelia. Casus belli [kazus beli] _ omis sababi. Carpe diem [karpe diem] _ gamoiyene dro, `mowyvite dRe~ (horaciusi). Citius, altius, fortius [citius, altius, fortius] _ `ufro swrafad, ufro maRla, ufro Sors~ (olimpiuri TamaSebis devizi). Cito [cito] _ swrafad. Conditio facti [kondicio fakti] _ faqtobrivi piroba. Conditio juris [kondicio iuris] _ samarTlebrivi piroba. Conditio sine qua non [kondicio sine qva non] _ aucilebeli piroba. Corpus delicti [korpus deliqti] _ nivTieri mtkiceba, ZiriTadi samxili. Corpus juris civilis [korpus iuris civilis] _ samoqalaqo kanonTa krebuli. Creditor [kreditor] _ valdebulebis Sesrulebis moTxovnaze uflebamosili piri.

Carte blanch [frang. kart blanSi] _ `sufTa furceli~: moqmedebis sruli Tavisufleba. Caveat emtor [kaveat emptor] _ myidveli gafrTxildes. Cogito, ergo sum [kogito, ergo sum] _ `vazrovneb, maSasadame varsebob~ (dekarti). Compus mentis [kompus mentis] _ saRi gonebis mqone, Seracxadi. Consensus omnium [konsensus omnium] _ yvelas Tanxmoba. Contra [kontra] _ winaaRmdeg. Contra preferentem [kontra preferentem] _ mis winaaRmdeg, vinc amtkicebs. wesi, rom dokumentSi raime orazrovneba ganimarteba im mxaris sawinaaRmdegod, romelmac igi Seadgina. Consensus ad idem [konsensus ad idem] _ mxareTa nebis Tanxvedra. Corpus delicti [korpus deliqti] _ danaSaulis damamtkicebeli; nivTmtkiceba. Corpus ligis [korpus ligis] _ kanonTa krebuli. Curriculum vitae [kurrikulum vite] _ `cxovrebis mimdinareoba~; mokle cnobebi visime cxovrebis Sesaxeb.

94

D
Debitor [debitor] _ movale. Decredo non stetit [dekreto non stetit] _ gadawyvetilebas ar eqvemdebareba. De facto [de faqto] _ faqtobrivad. De jure [de iure] _ iuridiulad, kanonis safuZvelze. De lege lata [de lege lata] _ moqmedi kanoniT. De minimis non curat lex [de minimis non kurat leqs] _ kanons saqme ar unda hqondes trivialur (gacveTili, siaxles moklebuli) sakiTxTan. De novo [de novo] _ Tavidan dawyeba. Divide et impera [divide et impera] _ `gaTiSe da ibatone~ (romaeli dampyroblebis politikuri principi). Docendo discimus [docendo discimus] _ vaswavliT ra, Cvenc vswavlobT~ (seneka). Do ut des [do ut des] _ `gaZlev, rom Senc momce~ (romauli samarTlis principi). Doli capax [doli kapaqs] _ danaSaulis Camdeni. Dominium et jur [dominium et iur] _ sakuTrebis ufleba.

Dum spiro, spero [dum spiro, spero] _ vidre suli midgas vimedovneb (ovidiusi).

E
Ego [ego] _ me. Eror juris [eror iuris] _ Secdoma kanonSi (samaraTalSi). Ex consensu [eqs konsensu] _ TanxmobiT. Ex facto oritur jus [eqs fakto oritur ius] _ saqmidan iSva kanoni. Ex jure [eqs iure] _ kanoniT, samarTlis ZaliT. Ex lege [eqs lege] _ kanonidan gamomdinare. Ex officio [eqs oficio] _ kanonis ZaliT, oficialurad. Ex post facto [eqs post fakto] _ faqtis (momxdaris) Semdeg.

F
Festima lente [festima lente] _ `iCqare nela~; naucbadevad nu gaakeTeb. Fiat justitia [fiat iusticia] _ marTlmsajuleba aRsruldes. Fieri facias [fieri facias] _ dae es moxdes.

95

Forum delicti [forum delikti] _ danaSaulis adgili. Fortes fortuna adjuvat [fortes fortuna adiuvat] _ mamacT bedi swyalobT (teren-ciusi). Functus officio [funktus officio] _ uflebamosilebis an iurisdiqciis ar qona.

G
Grata, rata et accepta [grata, rata et akcepta] _ dakanonebuli da misaRebi.

H
Homo sapiens [homo sapiens] _ moazrovne adamiani. Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto [homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto] _ adamiani var (da) araferi adamianuri ar meucxoveba. Humanum est errate [humanum est errate] _ adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Secdomebi.

I
Ignoratia jurius noset [ignoracia iuris noset] _ kanonis arcodna sazianoa.

Incognito [inkognito] _ farulad. In esse [in esse] _ arsebuli. In flagrante delicto [in flagrante delikto] _ danaSaulis Cadenis momentSi. In more [in more] _ kanonierad. In pari delicto [in pari delikto] _ samarTaldarRvevebis ganxorcieleba Tanasworad. saqmian praqtikaSi am princips ewodeba `sufTa xelebis doqtrina~. In personam [in personam] _ piris sawinaaRmdegod. In rem [in rem] _ raimes sawinaaRmdegod. In status quo [in status kvo] _ axlandel mdgomareobaSi. Inter alia [inter alia] _ samarTalSemoqmedeba; sxvaTa Soris; sxva sakiTxebTan erTad. In terrorem [in terorem _ teroris (SiSis) gamosawvevad. gamoiyeneba, rodesac kontraqtSi muqara igulisxmeba. am SemTxvevaSi kontraqti Zaladakargulad iTvleba. Intra vires [intra vires] _ moqmedebaTa uflebamosilebis farglebSi. Ipso facto [ifso faqto] _ TviT faqtis gamo. Ipso jure [ifso iure] _ kanonis ZaliT, wevrobis ZaliT.

96

In vino veritas [in vino veritaz] _ `RvinoSia WeSmariteba~; nasvami kaci ityvis simarTles.

L
Legem brevem esse oportet [legem brevem ese oportet] _ kanoni martivi unda iyos. Lex [leqs] _ kanoni. Lex est ab aeterno [leqs est ab eterno] _ kanoni mudmivia. Lex est, quod notamus [leqs est qvod notamus] _ kanonia is, rasac davakanonebT. Lex mercatoria [leqs merkatoria] _ savaWro samarTali. Lex generalis [leqs generalis] _ zogadi kanoni. Lex non scripta [leqs non skripta] _ dauwereli kanoni. Lex posterior derogat legi priori [leqs posterior derogat legi priori] _ momdevno kanoni auqmebs winas. Lex specialis [leqs specialis] _ specialuri kanoni. Lex semper certa [leqs semper certa] _ kanoni yovelTvis saimedoa. Lex terrae [leqs tere] _ qveynis kanoni. Lex valet in omnes [leqs valet in omnes] _ kanoni yovlisSemZlea. L etat c est moi [frang. leta se mua] _ `saxelmwifo _ es me var~ (lui XIV).

J
Jurisdictio [iurisdiqcio] _ sasamarTlo warmoeba, gansjadoba, Zalaufleba, kompetencia. Jus [ius] _ kanoni, ufleba, sasamarTlo. Jus gentium [ius gencium] _ `xalxTa ufleba~. Jus civile [ius civile] _ moqalaqeTa samarTali. Jus cogens [ius kogens] _ imperatiuli normebi. Jus privatum [ius privatum] _ kerZo samarTali. Jus publicum [ius publicum] _ sajaro samarTali. Justa causa [iusta kauza] _ `marTlzomieri mizezi~; risame mflobelobis samarTlebrivi safuZveli. Justitia [iusticia] _ iusticia. Justitia fundamentum regni [iusticia fundamentum regni] _ samarTlianoba qveynis safuZvelia.

K
Know-how [ingl. nou-hau] _ sityvasityviT: `vici, rogor . . .~

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Libellus appellationis [libelus apelacionis] _ saapelacio saCivari. Littera scripta manet [littera skripta manet] _ `dawerili aso rCeba~; rac daiwereba, is samudamoa. Loco citato [loko citato] _ moxsenebul, dasaxelebul adgilas (ixmareba samecniero literaturaSi miTiTebis dros). Cveulebriv aRniSnaven asoebiT (L.c.).

Modus procedendi [modus procedendi] _ qcevis wesi. Modus operandi [modus operandi] _ moqmedebis xerxi. Mos legem regit [mos legem regit] _ Cveuleba marTavs kanons. Mutatis mutandis [mutatis mutandis] _ aucilebeli SesworebiTa da cvlilebebiT.

N
Nemo dat quod non habet [nemo dat quod non habet] _ aravis ar SeuZlia imis micema, rac ar gaaCnia. Nemo judex in causa sua [nemo iudeqs in kauza sua] _ aravinaa msajuli Tavis saqmeSi. Nihil probat, qui nimium probat [nihil probat, kvi nimium probat] _ arafers ar amtkicebs is, vinc Zalian bevrs amtkicebs. Nolle prosequi [nolle proseqvi] _ nu aRZrav saqmes. Non-compos mentis [non kompos mentis] _ Seuracxadi. Non licet [non licet] _ akrZalulia. Noscitur a sociis [noskitur a sociis] _ orazrovani sityvebis mniSvnelobis gageba mis irgvliv mdebare sityvebiT SeiZleba.

M
Magna est veritas et praevalebit [magna est veritas et prevalebit] _ samarTlis Zala yvelafers aRemateba. Manifestum non eget probatione [manifestum non eget probacione] _ cxads ar sWirdeba mtkiceba. Made in . . . ingl. [meid in . . . ] _ damzadebulia ...Si (warwera saeqsporto saqonelze). Mala file [mala file] _ upatiosnod, arakeTilsindisierad. Momento mori [momento mori] _ gaxsovdeT sikvdili. Modus vivendi [modus vivendi] _ cxovrebis wesi, cxovrebis saxe; arsebobis saSualeba.

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Noste te ipsum [nosce te ifsum] _ Seican Tavi Seni (sokrate). Nuda veritas [nuda veritas] _ udavo WeSmariteba. Nulla poena sine lege [nula pena sine lege] _ ar arsebobs sasjeli kanonis gareSe (araviTari sasjeli kanonis gareSe). Nulla potentia supra leges debet [nula potencia supra leges debet] _ kanonze Zala ar unda moqmedebdes. Nulla regula sine exceptione [nula regula sine eqscepcione] _ ar aris wesi gamonaklisis gareSe.

bav, o, zne-Cveulebano!~ (ciceroni). Otia dant vitia [ocia dant vicia] _ usaqmuroba badebs mankierebas.

P
Pacta sunt servanda! [pakta sunt servanda] _ xelSekrulebebi unda Sesruldes! Par se [per se] _ TavisTavad, marto. Pari passu [pari passu] _ Tanabrad; maT Soris gansxvavebis gareSe. Pendente life [pendente life] _ sasamarTlos procesis msvlelobisas. Per constituta [per konstituta] _ kanonis Sesabamisad. Per curiam [per kuriam] _ sasamarTlos mier. Per procurationem [per prokuracionem] _ xelisuflebis ZaliT. Persona grata [persona grata] _ dipl. sasurveli piri; kanonisaTvis xelSeuxebeli piri. Persona non grata [persona non grata] _ dipl. arasasurveli piri; saxelmwifodan gaZevebuli piri. Petitio [peticio] _ sarCeli, Txovna, koleqtiuri. Prerogativa [prerogativa] _ upiratesoba.

O
Omne initium difficile est [omne inicium difficile est] _ yovelgvari dawyeba Znelia. Omnia praeclara rara [omnia preklara rara] _ yvelaferi mSvenieri iSviaTia. Opinio juris [opinio iuris] _ iuridiuli Zala. O, santa simplicitas! [o, santa simplicitas] _ o, wminda gulubryvilobav! (ian husis wamoZaxili, romelmac dainaxa, rom erTi moxuci qali gulmodgined ukeTebda SeSas cecxls, romelzedac mas (huss) wvavdnen. O tempora, o mores! [o tempora, o mores] _ `o droe-

99

Presumptio juris [prezumfcio iuris] _ udanaSaulobis prezumfcia. Pecunia non olet [pekunia non olet] _ `fuls suni ar udis~ (imperator vespasines (I s.) sityvebi, romlebic man warmoTqva, rodesac fuli iSova sapirfareSoebze gadasaxadis SemoRebiT). Pereat mundus, fiat justitia [pereat mundus, fiat iusticia] _ qveyana rom daiqces, marTlmsajuleba unda Sesruldes. Post factum [post faktum] _ mas Semdeg, rac ukve Sesrulda, moxda rame. Post scriptum [post skriptum] _ postskriptumi. minaweri teqstis bolos, xelmoweris Semdeg. Cveulebriv aRniSnaven asoebiT P.S.

R
Ratio legis [racio legis] _ kanonis arsi, mizezi. Repetitio est mater studiorum [repeticio est mater studiorum] _ gameoreba codnis dedaa. Res [res] _ sakiTxi, sagani. Respondeat superior [respondat superior] _ maRla mdgomi iyos pasuxismgebeli. Reus [reus] _ mopasuxe.

S
Salut populi suprema lex [salut populi suprena leqs] _ xalxis keTildReoba uzenaesi kanonia (ciceroni). Sic! [sik] _ `ase~! `amgvarad!~; weren frCxilebiT teqstSi im sityvis Semdeg, romelic avtors surs sagangebod gaxazos. Sine legibus nulla est civitas, nam civitas legibus continentur [sine legibus nula est civitas, nam civitas legibus kontinentur] _ kanonis gareSe ar arsebobs saxelmwifo, radgan Tavad saxelmwifo kanonzea damyarebuli. Si vis pacem, para bellum [si vis pacem, para bellum] _ Tu gsurs mSvidoba, emzade omisaTvis.

Q
Qui nimium probat, nihit probat [kvi nimium probat, nihil probat] _ vinc metismetad amtkicebs, is verafers ver amtkicebs. Qui scribit, bis legit [kvi skribit, bis legit] _ vinc iwers, orjer kiTxulobs. Quot homines, tot sententiae [kvot homines, tot sentencie] _ ramdeni adamiania, imdeni azria (terenciusi).

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Status [status] _ statusi, sazogadoebrivi mdgomareoba. Status belli [status beli] _ omis mdgomareoba. Status quo [status kvo] _ sagnebisa da movlenebis arsebuli mdgomareoba. Stare decisis [stare decisis] _ wina gadawyvetilebebis mixedviT dadgena. Suppresssio veri [supressio veri] _ simarTlis damalva.

U
Ubi lex, ibi poena [ubi, leqs, ibi poena] _ sadac kanonia, sasjelic iqvea. Ultra vires [ultra vires] _ umaRlesi Zalebi; `Zalebs gadaRma~. Urbi et orbi [urbi et orbi] _ mTeli msofliosaTvis, yvelasaTvis.

V T
Tabula rasa [tabula raza] _ `sufTa dafa~. xelovnuri. wminda. Tacito consensu [tacito konsensu] _ usityvo TanxmobiT. Tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis [tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis] _ droni icvlebian da Cvenc vicvlebiT maTTan erTad. Time is money [ingl. Taim iz mani] _ `dro fulia~ [amerikeli mecnierisa da sazogado moRvawis benjamin franklinis (1706-1790) aforizmi]. Veni, vidi, vici [veni, vidi, vici] _ `movedi, vnaxe, vZlie~ [iulius keisris (100-44 ww. Zv. w.) sityvebi, romliTac man mimarTa senats pontos mefe farnakze gamarjvebis Semdeg]. Vente [vente] _ gadabrune (furceli)! (weren gverdis boloSi da niSnavs: `gagrZeleba ixile meore gverdze~). Veritas [veritas] _ WeSmariteba. Veto [veto] _ vkrZalav! Vivere militare est [vivere militare est] _ cxovreba brZolaa. Vis legis [vis legis] _ kanonis Zala. Vim vi repellere licet [vim vi repelere licet] _ Zala ZaliT unda moigerio.

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gamoyenebuli

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