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Mohamed Shawky ElMoursi Supervisor Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf, P.Eng. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of New Brunswick October 20, 2004
CONTENT
FACTS
Flexible AC Transmission System (Facts) is a new integrated concept based on power electronic switching converters and dynamic controllers to enhance the system utilization and power transfer capacity as well as the stability, security, reliability and power quality of AC system interconnections.
OPPORTUNITIES
Control power so that it flows on the desired routes. Increase loading capacity of transmission lines. Prevent blackouts. Improve generation productivity. Effective use of upgrading/ uprating.
The STATCOM scheme in parallel with AC power grid system and is controlled by a dynamic controller as shown in Fig.1. Fig.
Fig.1 Sample three-Bus study test system with the STATCOM located at bus B2 to stabilize the AC system
Novel Controller
The new control system is based on a decoupled control strategy using both direct and quadrature current
The operation of the STATCOM scheme is Validated in both the capacitive and inductive modes of operation.
Fig. 2 Proposed STATCOM Decoupled Control System
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It is a static synchronous generator operated without an external energy source as a series compensator.
The o/p voltage is in quadrature with and controllable independently of the line current.
It is increase or decrease the overall reactive voltage drop across the line and thereby controlling the transmitted electric power.
Fig. 3 Single line diagram representing the series SSSC scheme interfaced at sending end of the Transmission line (Bus B1)
Novel Controller
The main function of the SSSC is to regulate the TL power flow PL. This can be accomplished by either direct control of the line (E current or indirect control by compensating impedance, for Xs the via TL a
Fig. 4. Control Structure of the SSSC scheme.
To enhance the dynamic performance of the SSSC device an supplementary regulator loop is added using the dc capacitor voltage.
The operation of the SSSC scheme is validated in both the capacitive and inductive modes of operation under severe disturbance such as switching loads and fault condition
Fig.5. Supplementary regulator for the SSSC controller to reduce oscillatory
ER UPFC
The UPFC scheme consists of two basic switching power converter namely shunt and series converters connected to each other through a dc link capacitor. capacitor. The shunt converter operates exactly as STATCOM for reactive power compensation and voltage stabilization. stabilization. The series converter operates as SSSC to control the real power flow
Fig.8. FACTS UPFC controller scheme
The developed novel control strategy for the UPFC scheme is based on the magnitude and angle of series inserted voltage and shunt reactive current. Novel Control in the STATCOM shunt converter SSSCSSSC-Converter controller
Fig.9. Proposed STATCOM Decoupled Current Control System for the shunt converter (1)
The system is subjected to severe disturbance single line to ground fault at load bus at time . sec for a duration of ms. Fig. 10. Control Block diagram of SSSC series converter (2) scheme.
Alpha vs time
I ref,I m vs time
of STATCOM vs time
P,
of SSSC vs time
Vdc vs time
Fig.
. The UPFC digital Simulation Results Under single phase Fault Condition at load bus
ERS
Controller
Voltage Control
Transient stability
SSR Mitigation
STATCOM
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UPFC
This chapter studies the power system power quality and harmonics and SSR/ Tortional stability enhancement to reduce harmonics, improve the power quality and enhance the system harmonic stability.
Three different cases were studied in order to improve power quality and enhance system stability using a novel Active Power Filter (APF) combining with and Tuned arm filter switched capacitive compensation.
The Power Filter Scheme The power filter scheme consists of both a passive filter and active filter. The passive filter removes any load harmonics just as a conventional one does and the added active filter plays a role in improving the filtering action.
Fig. 12.a. Sample study of the unified power system
The proposed SSCC capacitor switching controller is an error driven, error-scaled self adjusting nonlinear tri loop dynamic controller used the load voltage, instantaneous and RMS load currents deviation signals as shown in Fig 12 (a, b).
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Fig. 12.a. Sample study of the unified power system Developed By Dr. Sharaf
Fig. 12.b. The SSCC series capacitor switching compensator scheme using two stage compensation per phase dynamic capacitor switching
Simulation Results Without SSCC & APF With SSCC & APF
Fig. 13. The simulation results when the system subjected to 3- phase fault disturbance
A COORDINATED CAPACITIVE COMPENSATION AND TUNED ARM FI TER This chapter presents a nonlinear coordinated dynamic error driven scaled error-controller for both the errorstatic series capacitor switching compensator SSCC and the added tuned arm filter TAF, for the enhancement of voltage, transient stability, capacity of tie line power transfer and the quality. quality. power
Fig. 13. Single line diagram sample study of the unified power system with one novel coordinated CC/TAF filter
SSCC switched/modulated Tuned Arm Filter Controller The proposed self adjusting Tri-loop error scaled controller is based on Tri-
the load voltage, RMS source current and the dynamic current ripple deviation signals. signals.
Fig 13. Proposed novel tri loop error-driven, error -scaled Tri-loop dynamic feed back controller. Developed By Dr. Sharaf
Simulation Results For SSCC/TAF Scheme Without SSCC & TAF With SSCC & TAF
Fig 14. the p.u. load voltage at bus 4, terminal voltage at bus 2, total load current iL and the induction load current when the system subjected to 3 phase fault at bus 2
Fig 15. The Power Transfer levels P& Q without and with SSCC&TAF
Fig 16. Comparison of the load voltage, load current and %THD voltage and current without and with (SSCC & TAF)
Renewable Energy
The research will investigate the use of renewable dispersed energy system (wind(wind-small hydro, hybrid scheme) and resulting grid interface problems and need for effective mitigative FACTS-based solution. Both stand-alone FACTSsolution. standand grid connect wind energy conversion will be studied
CONC USION
The research investigates FACTS topologies & novel control strategies for voltage stability enhancement, T.L power flow control and harmonic/ SSR mode stabilization of an interconnected AC system.
The use of FACTS devices in renewable energy utilization is also studied for small Hydro/ Wind hybrid renewable energy scheme.
FUTURE WORK
Validation of (UPC) Universal Power Compensator controllable scheme using the dynamic error driven controllers (P, Q) in SSR-stability SSRenhancement. enhancement.
Application of the (UPC) Universal Power Compensator using dual Tri loop stabilization control for wind & small hydro. hydro.
A.M. Sharaf and M. S. El-Moursi," Stability And Power Quality Enhancement Using A Combined El-Moursi," Capacitive Compensation And Active Power Filter" ICECS , th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 14.12.2003-17.12.2003, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Electronics, 14.12.2003-17.12.2003,
A.M. Sharaf and M. S. El-Moursi," Power System Stabilization And reactive Compensation El-Moursi," Using FACTS-Unified Power Flow Controller" IEEE Power Delivery Trans. Proc. FACTS.