Quarry Dust As Fine

Aggregate in Concrete
Mixtures
An Experimental Study
ntroduction
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
2
Currently ndia has taken a major initiative on developing the
infrastructures such as express highways, power projects and industrial
structures etc., to meet the requirements of globalization, in the construction of
buildings and other structures concrete plays the rightful role and a large
quantum of concrete is being utilized. River sand, which is one of the
constituents used in the production of conventional concrete, has become highly
expensive and also scarce. n the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is
large demand for alternative materials from industrial waste.
The utilization of Quarry rock dust which can be called as
manufactured sand has been accepted as a building material in the industrially
advanced countries of the west for the past three decades. As a result of
sustained research and developmental works undertaken with respect to
increasing application of this industrial waste, the level of utilization of Quarry
Rock Dust in the industrialized nations like Australia, France, Germany and UK
has been reached more than 60% of its total production. The use of
manufactured sand in ndia has not been much, when compared to most
developed countries.
This project presents the feasibility of the usage of Quarry Rock Dust
as hundred per cent substitutes for Conventional Concrete.
Currently ndia has taken a major initiative on developing the
infrastructures such as express highways, power projects and industrial
structures etc., to meet the requirements of globalization, in the construction of
buildings and other structures concrete plays the rightful role and a large
quantum of concrete is being utilized. River sand, which is one of the
constituents used in the production of conventional concrete, has become highly
expensive and also scarce. n the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is
large demand for alternative materials from industrial waste.
The utilization of Quarry rock dust which can be called as
manufactured sand has been accepted as a building material in the industrially
advanced countries of the west for the past three decades. As a result of
sustained research and developmental works undertaken with respect to
increasing application of this industrial waste, the level of utilization of Quarry
Rock Dust in the industrialized nations like Australia, France, Germany and UK
has been reached more than 60% of its total production. The use of
manufactured sand in ndia has not been much, when compared to most
developed countries.
This project presents the feasibility of the usage of Quarry Rock Dust
as hundred per cent substitutes for Conventional Concrete.
Aim and Scope
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
3
Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on global
usage, it is placed at second position after water. We aim here to establishing
that quarry dust used in lieu of River Sand in cement concrete is as good as
regular concrete in terms of strength and durability. There by we can achieve
the following..
- Quarry dust being a waste material, useful utilization of it will reduce the
environmental strain caused in its disposal.
- Reduces the strain on natural sand resources as the demand decreases.
- Makes Cement Concrete more economical.
- Reduces the inflated costs on fine aggregates by decreasing transportation
distances.
- Research has shown that quarry dust concrete gives better workability
compared to regular concrete.
The Scope of complete replacement of sand by quarry dust is
targeted to locations where naturally occurring river sand or pit sand is scarce,
expensive and provided they have access to cheap quarry dust at their
disposal.
Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on global
usage, it is placed at second position after water. We aim here to establishing
that quarry dust used in lieu of River Sand in cement concrete is as good as
regular concrete in terms of strength and durability. There by we can achieve
the following..
- Quarry dust being a waste material, useful utilization of it will reduce the
environmental strain caused in its disposal.
- Reduces the strain on natural sand resources as the demand decreases.
- Makes Cement Concrete more economical.
- Reduces the inflated costs on fine aggregates by decreasing transportation
distances.
- Research has shown that quarry dust concrete gives better workability
compared to regular concrete.
The Scope of complete replacement of sand by quarry dust is
targeted to locations where naturally occurring river sand or pit sand is scarce,
expensive and provided they have access to cheap quarry dust at their
disposal.
iterature Review
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
4
Though the research done in the field of alternative building materials
in ndia isnt as substantial as most industrialised European countries. The
consumption of cement content, workability, compressive strength and cost of
concrete made with Quarry Rock Dust were studied by some noteworthy
researchers as well, they include
Babu K.K, Radhakrishnan R. and Nambiar E.K.K , Published in their
Journal Compressive Strength of Brick Masonry with Alternative -
Aggregate Mortar in 1997.
Nagaraj T.S. and Zahida Banu, Published in The ndian Concrete
Journal Efficient Utilization of rock dust and pebbles as Aggregates in
Portland Cement Concrete in 1996.
Narasimhan C., Patil B.T. and Sankar H. Sanni, Published in CE and CR
Journal Performance of Concrete with Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate-An
Experimental Study. n 1999.
The mix design proposed by Nagaraj T.S. Published in his CE and CR
Journal Proportioning Concrete Mix with Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate in
2000. shows the possibilities of ensuring the workability by wise combination of
rock dust and sand, use of super plasticizer and optimum water content using
generalized lyse Rule.
Though the research done in the field of alternative building materials
in ndia isnt as substantial as most industrialised European countries. The
consumption of cement content, workability, compressive strength and cost of
concrete made with Quarry Rock Dust were studied by some noteworthy
researchers as well, they include
Babu K.K, Radhakrishnan R. and Nambiar E.K.K , Published in their
Journal Compressive Strength of Brick Masonry with Alternative -
Aggregate Mortar in 1997.
Nagaraj T.S. and Zahida Banu, Published in The ndian Concrete
Journal Efficient Utilization of rock dust and pebbles as Aggregates in
Portland Cement Concrete in 1996.
Narasimhan C., Patil B.T. and Sankar H. Sanni, Published in CE and CR
Journal Performance of Concrete with Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate-An
Experimental Study. n 1999.
The mix design proposed by Nagaraj T.S. Published in his CE and CR
Journal Proportioning Concrete Mix with Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate in
2000. shows the possibilities of ensuring the workability by wise combination of
rock dust and sand, use of super plasticizer and optimum water content using
generalized lyse Rule.
Experimental nvestigation
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
5
MATERAS: MATERAS:
Materials Tests
Commercially available
Ordinary Portland Cement
normal consistency
Locally available River sand density, Specific gravity, Bulk relative
density, Absorption, Moisture content ,
Fineness modulus, Sieve analysis
20 mm size coarse
aggrerate
density , Fineness modulus, Specific gravity,
Absorption
Locally available Quarry
Rock dust
density, Specific gravity, Bulk relative
density, Absorption, Moisture content ,
Fineness modulus, Sieve analysis
Admixtures of
Commercially available
Super-plasticiser
-
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
6
Mix Design:
Since there is No standard method of designing concrete mixes
incorporating Quarry Rock Dust as fine Aggregate. The method mix design proposed
by S Code [8] will first be employed to design the Conventional Concrete mixes and
finally natural sand will be fully replaced by Quarry Rock Dust to obtain Quarry Rock
Dust concrete mixes.
Test Specimens and Test Procedure :
- The specimens will be cast for M20, M30 and M40 grade concrete.
coarse aggregates of size 20 mm will be used.
- The workability of fresh concrete will be measured in terms of slump values,
V- B time and compaction factor.
- The properties of fresh concrete will be measured according to S: 1199-1959
Strength tests include:
Compressive strength by cubes of dimensions : 150mm X 150mm X 150mm (BH)
Flexural Strength by beams of dimensions : 400mm X 100mm X 100mm (BH)
Durability Stuides:
- Drying shrinkage : length comparator asper specification of S: 4031-1988
- Deterioration studies: using acid and sulphate attack tests
- Water absorption : 24 Hour water Bath test.
Mix Design:
Since there is No standard method of designing concrete mixes
incorporating Quarry Rock Dust as fine Aggregate. The method mix design proposed
by S Code [8] will first be employed to design the Conventional Concrete mixes and
finally natural sand will be fully replaced by Quarry Rock Dust to obtain Quarry Rock
Dust concrete mixes.
Test Specimens and Test Procedure :
- The specimens will be cast for M20, M30 and M40 grade concrete.
coarse aggregates of size 20 mm will be used.
- The workability of fresh concrete will be measured in terms of slump values,
V- B time and compaction factor.
- The properties of fresh concrete will be measured according to S: 1199-1959
Strength tests include:
Compressive strength by cubes of dimensions : 150mm X 150mm X 150mm (BH)
Flexural Strength by beams of dimensions : 400mm X 100mm X 100mm (BH)
Durability Stuides:
- Drying shrinkage : length comparator asper specification of S: 4031-1988
- Deterioration studies: using acid and sulphate attack tests
- Water absorption : 24 Hour water Bath test.
Results and Discussions
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
7
Details of concrete Mix, results of workability and strength tests On Fine
aggregate (Natural sand) and Quarry rock dust.
Details of concrete Mix, results of workability and strength tests On Fine
aggregate (Natural sand) and Quarry rock dust.
rade of
Concrete
Mix
Proportions
(by weight)
W/C
ratio
Workability
Compressive
Strength
(Mpa)
Flexural
strength
( Mpa )
28 days
Slump
(mm)
V-B
Time
(sec)
Compaction
Factor
7
days
28 days
M 20
M 30
M 40
Notes On Results :
- Workability
- Aggregate/cement ratio
- Compressive and flexural strength
Notes On Results :
- Workability
- Aggregate/cement ratio
- Compressive and flexural strength
Conclusions:
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
8
- f the Physical properties of quarry rock dust is satisfied the requirements
of code provision in properties studies conducted.
- f the tensile and compression test of Quarry dust match up to the test
results of regular sand concrete.
- f the Durability test of Quarry dust match up to the test results of regular
sand concrete.
- From the detailed study conducted we can conclusively say if Quarry Rock
dust is a valid substitute for river sand in Cement concrete.
- f the Physical properties of quarry rock dust is satisfied the requirements
of code provision in properties studies conducted.
- f the tensile and compression test of Quarry dust match up to the test
results of regular sand concrete.
- f the Durability test of Quarry dust match up to the test results of regular
sand concrete.
- From the detailed study conducted we can conclusively say if Quarry Rock
dust is a valid substitute for river sand in Cement concrete.
References
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
9
STRENGTH AND DURABTY PROPERTES OF CONCRETE CONTANNG QUARRY
ROCK DUST AS FNE AGGREGATE ; R. langovana & N. Mahendrana1 (
Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering, Dindigul, ndia),
and K. Nagamanib (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering,
Guindy, Anna University, Chennai. ndia).
Utilization of Quarry Waste Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mixtures ; Md. Safiuddin
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo,
Canada), S.N. Raman(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya,
Kuala umpur, Malaysia), M.F.M. Zain (Department of Architecture, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.)
Compressive Strength of Brick Masonry with Alternative - Aggregate Mortar.
Babu K.K., Radhakrishnan R. and Nambiar CE and CR Journal, New Delhi.
Efficient Utilization of rock dust and pebbles as Aggregates in Portland Cement
Concrete. Nagaraj T.S. and Zahida Banu. The ndian Concrete Journal.
Performance of Concrete with Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate-An Experimental
Study. Narasimhan C., Patil B.T. and Sankar H. Sanni. 1999. CE and CR Journal
Proportioning Concrete Mix with Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate.by Nagaraj T.S. CE
and CR Journal. pp.
STRENGTH AND DURABTY PROPERTES OF CONCRETE CONTANNG QUARRY
ROCK DUST AS FNE AGGREGATE ; R. langovana & N. Mahendrana1 (
Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering, Dindigul, ndia),
and K. Nagamanib (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering,
Guindy, Anna University, Chennai. ndia).
Utilization of Quarry Waste Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mixtures ; Md. Safiuddin
(Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo,
Canada), S.N. Raman(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya,
Kuala umpur, Malaysia), M.F.M. Zain (Department of Architecture, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.)
Compressive Strength of Brick Masonry with Alternative - Aggregate Mortar.
Babu K.K., Radhakrishnan R. and Nambiar CE and CR Journal, New Delhi.
Efficient Utilization of rock dust and pebbles as Aggregates in Portland Cement
Concrete. Nagaraj T.S. and Zahida Banu. The ndian Concrete Journal.
Performance of Concrete with Quarry Dust as Fine Aggregate-An Experimental
Study. Narasimhan C., Patil B.T. and Sankar H. Sanni. 1999. CE and CR Journal
Proportioning Concrete Mix with Rock Dust as Fine Aggregate.by Nagaraj T.S. CE
and CR Journal. pp.
Hoa/ Woo
Department of Civil Engineering, NCET.
10