SEMESTER 1 Chapter 7
Data Link Layer
V 4.0
7.1.1 What are the 2 basic
services the Data Link layer
provides?
List and define the 4
specific terms associated
with the Data Link layer?
7.1.1. What happens the frame as
2 moves from source to
destination?
7.1.2 Define Media Access
Control.
7.1.3 What can the control
information tell you?
List and define the three
elements of a Data Link
Layer Frame.
7.1.3. List and define the 5 typical
2 field types.
7.1.4 What is the most common
physical device that is used
for the Data Link Layer?
7.1.4. Describe the two sublayers
2 of the Data Link Layer.
Allows the upper layers to access the media
using techniques such as framing
Controls how data is placed onto the media
and is received from the media using
techniques such as media access control and
error detection
Frame - The Data Link layer PDU
Node - The Layer 2 notation for network
devices connected to a common medium
Media/medium (physical)* - The physical
means for the transfer of information between
two nodes
Network (physical)** - Two or more nodes
connected to a common medium
It changes based on the medium used
The technique used for getting the frame on
and off media
Which nodes are in communication with each
other
When communication between individual
nodes begins and when it ends
Which errors occurred while the nodes
communicated
Which nodes will communicate next
Data - The packet from the Network layer
Header - Contains control information, such
addressing, and is located at the beginning of
the PDU
Trailer - Contains control information added to
the end of the PDU
Start and stop indicator fields - The beginning
and end limits of the frame
Naming or addressing fields
Type field - The type of PDU contained in the
frame
Quality - control fields
A data field -The frame payload (Network layer
packet)
NIC
The upper sublayer defines the software
processes that provide services to the Network

What are the two functions
of the Logical Link Control?
What are the two functions
of the Media Access
Control?
7.1.5 What are the 4
organizations that define the (ISO)
Data Link standards?
7.2.1 What analogy is made with
the media access control?
What does the method that
media access control uses
depend on?
7.2.2 What are the two basic
media access control
methods for shared media? Contention-based - All nodes compete for the
What are two examples of
controlled media access?
What are two examples of
contention-based media
access?
Why can controlled media
access be inefficient?
What is CSMA?
What is a data collision?
What is CSMA/CD?
What is CSMA/CA?
7.2.3 Define Half-Duplex.
Define Full-Duplex.
7.2.4 Define physical topology.
Define logical topology.
What logical and physical
topologies are typically used Multi-Access
in networks?
7.2.5 Define point-to-point
layer protocols.
The lower sublayer defines the media access
processes performed by the hardware.
Frames the network layer packet
Identifies the network layer protocol
Addresses the frame
Marks the beginning and ending of each frame
International Organization for Standardization
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
traffic rules that regulate the entrance of motor
vehicles onto a roadway
Media sharing - If and how the nodes share
the media
Topology - How the connection between the
nodes appears to the Data Link layer
Controlled - Each node has its own time to use
the medium
use of the medium
Token Ring
FDDI
Ethernet
Wireless
Device has to wait its turn to access the media
Carrier Sense Multiple access
When two devices transmit at the same time
Carrier Sense Multiple access with Collision
Detection
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Avoidance
devices can both transmit and receive on the
media but cannot do so simultaneously
Both devices can transmit and receive on the
media at the same time.
arrangement of the nodes and the physical
connections between them
the way a network transfers frames from one
node to the next
Point-to-Point
Ring
connects two nodes directly together
 topology.
7.2.5. Define virtual circuit.
2 between two network devices
Which type of topology is
used to determine the
media access control?
7.2.6 Define logical multi-access
topology.
What are the three types of
media access control can
be used in a multi-access
topology?
7.2.7 How does a data flow in a
ring network?
7.3.1 What are the three basic
parts of a data link layer
frame?
7.3.2 What are the typical fields in
the frame header?
7.3.3 Which part the network
(WAN/LAN) is the data link
address used in delivering?
What is the difference
between Data Link Address
and Logical Address?
Does a point-to-point link
need a data link address?
7.3.4 Define error detection.
Define Frame Check
Sequence.
How could the CRC be
correct and the frame
a logical connection created within a network
logical point-to-point topology
enables a number of nodes to communicate by
using the same shared media
CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, or token passing
From node to node until it reaches the
destination.
Header
Data
Trailer
Start Frame field - Indicates the beginning of
the frame
Source and Destination address fields -
Indicates the source and destination nodes on
the media
Priority/Quality of Service field - Indicates a
particular type of communication service for
processing
Type field - Indicates the upper layer service
contained in the frame
Logical connection control field - Used to
establish a logical connection between nodes
Physical link control field - Used to establish
the media link
Flow control field - Used to start and stop
traffic over the media
Congestion control field - Indicates congestion
in the media
LAN
Data Link address only defines the machine it
is not logically assigned
No it only has one place to go
accomplished by placing a logical or
mathematical summary of the bits that
comprise the frame in the trailer
used to determine if errors occurred in the
transmission and reception of the frame
The error bits could cancel each other out
 contain errors?
Do all protocols support No
using the FCS to determine
errors?
7.3.5 What Layer 2 protocols will Ethernet
we study in this course? Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
Frame Relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Which usually performs at a LAN
higher bandwidth, LAN or
WAN?
7.3.5. What do Ethernet standards Layer 2 Protocols and Layer 1 technologies
2 define?
What is the data link MAC address
address?
How is the data link address 48 bit
expressed? Hexadecimal
7.3.5. What type of architecture Layered architecture
3 does PPP use?
What are options available Authentication, compression, and multilink (the
to use with PPP? use of multiple physical connections).
7.3.5. What is the standard used 802.11
4 for wireless LANs?
What services are authentication, association (connectivity to a
supported by 802.11? wireless device), and privacy (encryption)
7.4.1. Examine each of the
2 processes and take notes.
Develop questions on any
step you do not understand.