PCf

INTERNATIONAL

WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION International Bureau

APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCl)

(11) International Publication Number:

(51) International Patent Classification 5 :

WO 92/07861
14 May 1992(14.05.92)

C07G 13/00, H03K 3/30

(21) International Application Number: (22) International Filing Date:

Al

(43) Internatienal Publication Date: Published

PCT/US90/06407

2 November 1990(02.11.90)

With international search report.

(71)(72) Applicant and Inventor: MEYER, Stanley, A. [US/US]; 3792 Broadway, Grove City, OH 43123 (US). (74)Agent: BARANOWSKI, Edwin, M.; Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur, 41 South High Street, Columbus, OH 43215 (US). (81) Designated States: AT (European patent), AU, BE (European patent), CA, CH (European patent), DE (European patent), DK (European patent), ES, ES (European patent), FR (European patent), GB (European patent), GR (European patent), IT (European patent), JP, KR, LU (European patent), NL (European patent), SE (European patent), US.

(54) Title: A CONTROL AND DRIVER CIRCUITS FOR A HYDROGEN GAS FUEL PRODUCING CELL

r------------------------------------~
GAS FEEDBACK CONTROL CIRCUIT FIG. 11

HYDROGEN

GAS MANAGEMENT

(GMS) SYSTEM

RESONANT
1 1 1 1 1

INTERLOCK

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

1 1 I I 1 1 1
I

---------------------------------------1 UNIPOLAR
n~-f-'___--....,...,
MAGNETIC FIELD COUPLING

VOl. TAGEINTENSIFIER

(VIC) CIRCUIT (FIG. 10)

HYDROGEN GAS UTILIZATION

: :
I

RESONANT: CHARGING 1 HOKE :

cL.b'----,

:
1 1

~-------------------------------

1 I 1 I

RESONANT B+ ....._7"---' CHARGING: CHQKE J1 RESONANT CAVITY (8)

(57) Abstract A control circuit for a capacitive resonant cavity water capacitor cell (7) for the production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas has a resonant scanning circuit cooperating with a resonance detector and PLL circuit to produce pulses. The pulses are fed into the primary (TXI) transformer. The secondary (TX2) transformer is connected to the resonant cavity water capacitor cell (7) via a diode and resonant charging chokes (TX4, TX5).

FOR THE PURPOSES OF INFORMATION ONLY Codes used to identify States party to the PCf on the front pages of pamphlets publishing international applications under the PCf.
AT AU
BB BE BF BC Austria Australia Barbados Bulgium Burkina Fa>O Bulgaria Benin Brazil Canada Central African Repuhlic Congo Switzerland Cote d'ivoirc
Cameroon

ES FI FR

GA GO
CN CR
HU

OJ OR CA CF

IT JP
KP

cn
CI CM
CS

CC

KR
L1

DE· DK

Czechoslovakia Germany Denmark

LK LU MC

Spain Finland France Gabon Uniltod Kingdom Guinea Greece Hungary Italy Japan Democratic People's Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Lk:chll:nSlcin Sri Lanka Luxembourg Monaco

MC
ML

MN MR MW NL NO PL RO SD SE SN SU+
TD

TC US

Madagascar Mali Mongolia Mauritania Malawi Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Sudan SwtodC" Scnegal Soviet Union Chad Togo United Slates of America

+ Any designation of "SU" has effect in the Russian Federation. It is not yet known whether any such designation has effect in other States of the former Soviet Union.

WO 92107861

PCf IUS90/06407

- 1-

CONTROL AND DRIVER CIRCUITS FOR A HYDROGEN GAS FUEL PRODUCING CELL This systems including useful a invention in the water relates operation to of electrical a water cavity circuit fuel for cell the

capacitor/resonant

production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas, such as that described in my United States Letter Patent No. 4,936,961, "Method for the Production of a Fuel Gas", issued on June 26, 1990. In my the production plates of aforesaid Letters Patent for a method for

of a fuel gas, voltage pulses applied to capacitor water and tune into the the dielectric electrical of the

a water of the the

properties forces

attenuate and oxygen the

between The

hydrogen

atoms

molecule.

attenuation

of

electrical electrical of

fo~ces

results in a change in the molecular the covalent atomic bonding forces

field and and

the hydrogen

oxygen atoms.

When resonance is achieved, the atomic bond is broken, and the atoms of the molecule

of the molecule disassociate. power voltage source across is not to

At resonance, the current (amp) draw from a to the water capacitor is minimized and

the water permitted leakage of

a

capacitor (except resulting water). resonant

increases. at from For the the the

Electron minimum, residual to be

flow

corresponding conductive continue, maintained.

properties however,

process must

condition

W092107861

PCf/US90/06407

-2Because molecule, the of the electrical produced and repel and in the the polarity the of the water capacitor and like

fields attract

water

respectively charges achieved in

opposite forces

the

molecule,

eventually

at resonance

are such that

the strength of the is exceeded,

covalent bonding force in the water molecule

and the atoms of the water molecule (which are normally in an electron sharing the mode) disassociate. bonding Upon electrons and

disassociation,

formerly

shared

migrate to the hydrogen nuclei, and both the hydrogen oxygen revert to net zero electrical charge. The

atoms

are released from the water as a gas mixture. In the resonant cavity invention herein, a control circuit for a water capacitor cell utilized for the

production of a hydrogen containing fuel gas is provided. The circuit includes an isolation means such as a transformer having a ferromagnetic, core in and ceramic one a or side high other of a

electromagnetic secondary coil

material connected

having with

series

speed

switching diode to one plate of the water capacitor of the resonant connected form a cavity and the other side of the secondary coil to the other closed loop plate of the water capacitor utilizing to the

electronic of water

circuit

dielectric resonant

properties circuit.

as part of the electronic coil of the isolation The

The

primary

transformer is connected to a pulse generation means. secondary coil of the transformer may include

segments

W092/07861

PCf IUS90/06407

3-

that form resonant charging choke circuits in series with the water capacitor plates.
Q

In first, pulse

the

pulse

generation

means, and

an

adjustable gated pulse

resonant frequency

frequency generator

generator are

a second A gate

provided.

controls the number of the pulses produced by the resonant frequency period generator sent by the to the gate primary frequency coil of during the a

determined

second

pulse generator. The the invention of a also includes a means condition in for sensing the water or

occurrence

resonant

capacitor/resonant electromagnetic

cavity, which

when a ferromagnetic

core is used, may be a pickup coil on the The sensing means is interconnected to

transformer core.

a scanning circuit and a phase lock loop circuit, whereby the pulsing frequency is to to the at primary
a

coil

of

the

transformer corresponding capacitor.

maintained
a

sensed in

frequency the water

resonant

condition

Control adjusting primary ~

means

are

provided

in

the

circuit sent to of

for the the

the amplitude coil and for

of a pulsing cycle maintaining the

frequency

pulsing cycle at a constant ampli tude. In addition,

frequency regardless of pulse the gated pulse frequency

generator may be

operatively interconnected with a sensor

that monitors the rate of gas production from the cell and controls the number of pulses from the resonant frequency

W092107861

PCf/US90/06407

-4-

generator

sent

to the cell with the

in a gated of gas

frequency production.

in

correspondence

rate

The

sensor may be a gas pressure sensor in an enclosed water capacitor outlet. resonant cavity which also includes a gas

The gas pressure sensor is operatively connected to determine the rate of gas production to ambient gas pressure in the water

to the circuit wi th respect

capacitor enclosure. Thus, an omnibus control circuit and its discrete elements for maintaining and controlling the resonance and other aspects of the release of gas from a resonant cavity water cell is described herein and illustrated in the

drawings which depict the following:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of an overall control circui t showing the the pulsing interrelationship core/resonant of

sub-circuits,

circuit

and the water capacitor resonant cavity.

Figure 2 shows a type of digital control means for regulating the ultimate rate of gas production as determined by an external input. means would correspond, in an for (Such a control example, or a to the

accelerator

automobile

building

thermostat control.)

Figure 3 shows an analog voltage generator.

WO 92/07861

PCf/US90/06407

- 5Figure 4 is a voltage amplitude control circuit and one

interconnected

with the voltage

generator

side of the primary coil of the pulsing core.

Figure

is with

the the

cell

driver

circuit

that

is

connected

opposite

side of

the primary

coil of the pulsing core.

Figures means

6, 7, 8 and 9 relate to pulsing control

including a gated pulse frequency generator 6); a phase lock circuit (Figure 9) (Figure 8); that 7); a the

(Figure resonant pulse pulses

scanning

circuit

and

indicator

circuit to

(Figure the

control

transmitted

resonant

cavity/water

fuel cell capacitor.

Figure

10 shows the pulsing

core and the voltage

intensifier

circuit that is the interface between

the control circuit and the resonant cavity.

Figure 11 is a gas feedback control circuit.

Figure circuit.

12

is

an

adjustable

frequency

generator

The shown in

circuits Figure 1

are and

operatively to the

interconnected core

as

pulsing

voltage

W092/07861

PCf/US90/06407

-6-

intensifier electrically

circuit isolates

of

Figure the water

la,

which,

inter so

alia, it

capacitor

that

becomes an electrically of water in

isolated cavity for the processing with its dielectric resonance

accordance

properties. in the

By reason of the isolation, power consumption and driving circuits demand is is minimized minimized mode when as

control

resonance voltage

occurSj

and

current

is maximized

in the gas production

of the

water capacitor/fuel cell. The reference letters appearing in the Figures, A, B Ie,
D, E,

etc., to M and Ml

show, with respect to each

separate circuit depicted, the point at which a connection in that circuit. In the invention, the water capacitor is subjected to a duty pulse which builds up in the resonant changing choke coil and then collapses. unipolar When the This occurrence permits a circuit is made to a companion or interrelated

pulse to be applied to the fuel cell capacitor.

a resonant condition of the circuit is locked-in by circuit, which amp leakage is held to a minimum field is as the to upon the the

voltage infinity.

creates when

the high

dielectric voltage

tends

Thus,

detected

resonance, cell

the phase circuit

lock loop circuit that controls maintains the resonance at

driver

detected (or sensed) frequency. The affected by resonance the of the of water water capacitor in the cell is The

volume

cell.

W092/07861

PCf/US90/06407

-7-

resonance of any given volume of water maintained

in the

water capacitor cell is also affected by "contaminants" in the water which act as a damper. For example, at an

applied potential difference of 2000 to 5000 volts to the cell, an amp spike in water or surge may be that is caused cause by an

inconsistencies out-of-resonance

characteristics which

condition

remedied

instantaneously by the control circuits. In the invention, the adjustable frequency

generator (Figure 12) tunes into the resonant condition of the circuit including the water cell and the water

therein.

The generator has a frequency capability of and tunes into resonance typically at a

10 KHz

frequency of 5 KHz in a typical 3.0 inch water capacitor formed of a 0.5 inch rod enclosed wi thin a 0.75 inside diameter cylinder. draw through the At start up, in this example, current water cell will measure about 25

milliamp; however, when the circuit finds a tuned resonant condition, current drops to a 1-2 milliamp minimum leakage condition. The voltage to the capacitor water cell increases according to the turns of the winding and size of the For example,

coils, as in a typical transformer circuit.

if 12 volts are sent to the primary coil of the pulsing core and the secondary coil resonant charging choke ratio is 30 to I, then 360 volts are sent to the capacitor water

wo

92107861

PCf/US90/06407

-8-

cell.

Turns

are

a -design

variable

that

control

the

voltage of the unipolar pulses sent to the capacitor. The high prevents water overall charge speed switching diode sho~n in Figure 10 leakage cavity, circuit from and the charged water in as the an and

capacitor capacitor

the water i.e.,

capacitor the

element,

pulse

charge status of the water/capacitor never pass through an arbitrary always isolated the ground. The The pulse water to the water is capacitor is

unipolar. from

capacitor

electrically circuits core. by The

the control,

input and driver through the

electromagnetic diode

coupling

switching several

in the VIC in that the

circuit pulsing.

(Figure 10) performs The the field diode is an and the

functions switch of an

electronic collapse

determines

generation to permit

electromagnetic

resonant charging choke(s) to double the applied frequency and also allows the pulse to the be sent to the resonant The the

cavity diode,

without of

discharging is

"capacitor" in

therein. with

course,

selected

accordance

maximum voltage encountered in the pulsing circuit.

A 600

PIV fast switching diode, such as an NVR 1550 high speed switching diode, has been found to be useful in the

circuit herein. The ferromagnetic capable response of to VIC or circuit of Figure 10 also includes a

ceramic

ferromagnetic

pulsing flux The lines flux

core in

producing an

electromagnetic pulse input.

electrical

lines

WO 92107861

PCf/US90/06407

-9equally affect the secondary coil and the resonant

charging choke windings. loop construction.

Preferably, the core is a closed

The effect of the core is to isolate

the water capacitor and to prevent the pulsing signal from going below an arbitrary ground and to maintain the charge of the already charged water and water capacitor. In wound in the the pulsing same core, the to coils maximize are preferably additive

direction

the

effect of the electromagnetic field therein. The magnetic field of the pulsing core is in

synchronization with the pulse input to the primary coi 1. The potential from the secondary coil is introduced to the resonant are charging choke(s) to field, the series circuit same elements which applied primary

subjected

synchronous with the

electromagnetic pulse.

simultaneously

When resonance occurs, control is achieved by varying voltage

of the gas output or varying the

amplitude

time of duty gate cycle. frequency workings doubler.

The transformer core is a pulse explanation capacitor of the

In a figurative

of the fuel gas generator water

cell,

when a water molecule

is "hit" by a pulse, electron time When the

share is affected, and the molecule is charged.

time of the duty cycle is changed, the number of pulses that "hit" the molecules in the fuel cell is

correspondingly modified.

More "hits" result in a greater

rate of molecular disassociation.

W092107861

PCf/US90/06407

- 10 With reference to the overall circuit of Figure 1, Figure

3

receives

a digital

input signal, and Figure

depicts the control means that directs 0-12 volts across the primary coil of of the pulsing core. Depending and upon other

design

parameters

primary

coil

voltage

factors relevant to core design, the secondary coil of the pulsing core can be set up for a predetermined such as 2000 volts. Figure 5, the cell driver circuit, allows a gated pulse to be varied in direct relation to voltage amplitude. As noted above, the circuit of Figure 6 produces a gate pulse frequency. The gate pulse is superimposed over maximum,

the resonant frequency pulse to create a duty cycle that determines the number of discrete pulses sent to the

primary coil.
KHz
I

For example, assuming a resonant pulse of 5 gate pulse may be superimposed over the
5 KHz

.5

Hz

pulse to provide 2500 discrete pulses in a 50% duty cycle per

Hz.

The relationship is determined

of resonant pulse to the gate by conventional signal

pulse

addition/subtraction Figure frequency to 7,

techniques. a phase lock loop

I

allows

pulse

be maintained

at a predetermined Together an output voltage

I

resonant

condi tion sensed by the circuit. of Figures core 7 and until 8 determine the peak

the circuits signal to the at

pulsing

signal

sensed

resonance is achieved.

W092107861

PCf/US90/06407

- 11 -

A frequency bonding

resonant

condition

occurs

when

the the

pulse

and the voltage

input attenuates and oxygen

covalent

forces

of the hydrogen

atoms of the

water molecule.

When this occurs, amp leakage through the The tendency of voltage to

water capacitor is minimized.

maximize at resonance increases the force of the electric potential applied to the water molecules, which ultimately disassociate into atoms. Because resonances of different waters, water

volumes, and capacitor cells vary, the resonant circuit of Figure Figure 8 scans until core 8 is useful. frequency a signal of the from lock voltage electron of the

scanning

The scanning circuit of high is to low to high The

repeating

determined.

ferromagnetic transformer

intensifier surge fuel cell.

circuit in In an an

suppresses condition

out-of-resonance

example, the circuit scans at frequencies from 0 Hz to 10 KHz to 0 Hz. In water having contaminants in the range of

1 ppm to 20 ppm, a 20% variance in resonant frequency is encountered. Depending on water flow rate into fuel cell, range is about 8-10%. affects the status For example, of molecular harmonic

the normal variance iron in well water

disassociation. effects occur. representative

Also,

at a resonant condition

In a typical operation of the cell with a water capacitor described below, at a

frequency of about 5 KHz at unipolar pulses from 0 to 650 volts at a sensed resonant condition into the resonant

W092/07861

PCf/US90/06407

- 12 -

cavi ty, into rate,

conversion

of' about 5 gallons occur on average. cavities

of water per hour To increase the the

a fuel

gas will

multiple

resonant

can be used and/or can be increased,

surfaces the water typical diameter diameter

of the water capacitor capacitor cell

however, A

is preferably

small in scale.

water capacitor stainless cylinder

may be formed from a 0.5 inch in rod and a 0.75 inch inside

steel that

together

extend

concentrically

about 3.0 inches with respect Shape and size Larger of resonant in cavities the

to each other. resonant cavity may vary.

of the

and higher

rates

of consumption require higher

water

conversion

process

frequencies rate, to

such as up to 50 KHz and above. sustain such high increased. foregoing variations be evident description and of rates of

The puLs Lnq must be

conversion

correspondingly

From the embodiment, other

the

preferred of the

modifications

system disclosed art.

will

to those of skill

in the

W092107861

PCf/US90/06407

- 13 -

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1.

A control circuit for a resonant cavity water of a hydrogen

capaci tor cell uti lized for the production containing fuel gas including

an isolation transformer including a ferromagnetic core and having one side of a secondary coil connected in

series with a high speed switching diode to one plate of the water capacitor of the resonant cavity and the other side of the secondary coil connected to the other plate of the water capacitor to form a closed loop electronic as

circuit part of

utilizing the

the dielectric circuit

properties and a

of water primary

electronic

coil

connected to a pulse generation means.

2.
(

The circuit of Claim 1 in which the secondary

coil includes segments that form a resonant charging choke circuit in series with the water capacitor.

3. generation generator

The means and

circuit

of Claim an

1 in which first

the

pulse

includes

adjustable pulse

frequency generator

a second

gated

frequency

which controls the number of pulses produced by the first frequency period generator by sent the to the primary frequency coil of during a

determined

gate

the

second

pulse generator.

W092107861

PCf/US90/06407

- 14 4. means for The sensing circuit the of Claim of 1 further a resonant cavity. including condition a

occurrence of the

in the water

capacitor

resonant

5. sensing is

The circuit a pickup coil

of Claim 4 in which the on the ferromagnetic

means for of the

core

transformer.

6. sensing a phase to the

The circuit

of Claim 4 or Claim 5 in which the to a scanning pulsing is circuit and

means is lock primary frequency

interconnected circuit of the

I

loop coil

whereby the transformer to

frequency at a in

maintained condition

sensed

corresponding

a resonant

the water

capacitor.

7. adjusting primary

The the

circuit

of of

Claim

including cycle

means for sent to the

amplitude

a pulsing

coil.

8. for

The circuit the

of Claim 6 including frequency of the

further cycle

means at a

maintaining frequency

pulsing amplitude.

constant

regardless

of pulse

9. pulse with from a the

The

circuit generator that

of

Claim is

in

which

the

gated

frequency sensor cell

operatively the rate of

interconnected gas production to the

monitors

and controls

the

number of

pulses

WO 92/07861

PCf/US90/06407

- 15 cell in a gated freqUency in a correspondence with the

rate of gas production.

10. further

The circuit of Claim 7 or Claim 8 or Claim 9 a gas pressure sensor in an enclosed

including

water capacitor resonant cavity which also includes a gas outlet, which gas pressure sensor is operatively connected to the circuit to determine with respect to ambient the rate of gas gas pressure in production the water

capacitor enclosure.

11.

The

methods

and apparatus

as substantially

described herein.

W092107861 1/12

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INTERNATIONAL
I. CLASSIFICATION Acccrding OF SUBJECT M~TTER

SEARCH REPORT
International Application No

PCT/US90/06407
3

(if several classificanon

symbols

apply. indicate all)

IPC(5) .C07G 13/00, H03K 3730 US CL : 204/157.52, 331/4, 307/106

SEARCHED .Minlmum System
I

to International

Patent Classifocation

(lPC) or 10 both Nallonal

ClasSificatIOn and IPC

II. FIELDS

Documentalicn

Searched' Symbols

Classification

Classifocation

US CL
_.

204/157.42, 157.52; 422/186.16; 331/4,47,178, 307/106-109,271,282

----_ ..
Documentation Searched other than Minimum Documentation to the Extent that such Documents are Included in Ihe Fields Searched ~

-.--------

-- - ---

III. DOCUMENTS

CONSIDERED

TO BE RELEVANT"
1"

C~te~;;-~; ·1---CII~tlo;;-;;tDoc~menl,

with indication,

where app'ro~~late, of the relevant passages"

__

,. R~~evant to Clairr. No. "_

Y
y

US, A, 4,936,961 (~1EYER) 26 JUNE 1990 SEE FIGURES 1,2 US, A, 4,275,363 (NISHIRO SEE FIGURE 1.
EI'

1-3 7 .::......:::..z 4,6 4,6

AL.) 23 JUNE 1981.

----• Special cateaones of cited documents: ",

_- ..

---

-------

"T" later document published after the internallonal

"A" document defining the general state of the art which is not considered to be of particular relevance liE" earher document but published on or after the international r,hng date

filing date or Priority date and not in confhct With the application but cited to understand the principle or theory underlYlrg the invention

uX" "Y"

IlL" document

which may throw doubts on priority clatmls) or WhICh is cited to establish the publication date of another citation or other special reason (as specified) use, exhibition or

document of oarticular relevance: the claimed invention cannot be censidered novel or cannot be considered to mvolve an inventive step document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considerec to involve an inventive step when the document IS combined With one Or more other such documents, such cornbmancn being obVIOUSto a person skilled In the art. member of the same patent family

"0" document referring to an oral disclosure,

other means later than the prronty date claimed

"P" document published enor to the International filing date but

IV. CERTIFICATION Dllte of the Actual Comolellon of the International Search"

"&," document

Date of Mail;ng of this Internallonal

Search Report'

--

12 APRIL 1991
International Searching Authority
I

07 MAY 1991
.~ature of Auth~~

ISA/US
Form PCT/ISA/210 (second sheet) (May 1986)

~
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DAVID A.l'-it'l(