TREE TYPES

and
INSTALLATION METHODS
James Pappas Devon
Jamie Patrick-Maxwell FMC
Ray Guillory FMC
 2
Deepwater Subsea Completion Systems
 3

Contents
• Trends
• Technology
• Design Variables
• Subsea Configurations
• Drivers
• Tree Types
• Current & Future Technology
• Installation Methods
 4

Subsea Equipment Trends

2000’s

1990’s ‹ 15,000 psi

‹ 20,000 psi
‹ High Temperature
1960-
1990
‹ 10,000 psi

‹ 1,000 to 5,000 psi

 5
Deepwater Installations Trends

1980
1980 1983
Bonito
Bonito Piraúna 1985
RJS-39 RJS-232
RJS-39 Marimbá
189m
189m 293m RJS-284 1988
FMC Kvaerner 383m Marimbá
RJS-376D 1988
619 ft 961 ft FMC 492m Placid
1,256 ft Green 1992
FMC Canyon 31 Marlim
1,613 ft 684m MRL-9 1994
781m Marlim
VG MRL-4 1997
2,244 ft FMC 1027m Marlim Sul
1997
2,561 ft MLS-3
FMC Shell Mensa
1709m
1618m
3,368 ft 1999
FMC Roncador
5,308 ft VG RJS-436 2000
1853m Petrobras
5,605 ft 2002
Roncador Marathon 2004
1877m Camden Shell
FMC Hills Coulomb
6,080 ft 2197m 2307m
VG
6,157 ft Cameron
7,209 ft FMC
7,570 ft
 6
Installation Vessels
Semi- submersible
Drill Ship

Jack-up

Water Depth (Feet) Surface Vessel Type of Mooring

< 400 Jack-up Spud Can or Mudmat

400-4000 Semi-Submersible Mooring (Anchors)

Dynamically
> 4000 Semi-Submersible
Positioned (Thrusters)
Dynamically
> 2000 Drill Ship
Positioned (Thrusters)
 7

Host Facilities Geographic Trends

Existing Popularity
Gulf of North West
Mexico Brazil Atlantic Africa
TLP/Spar High Med Med Med

Subsea to Platform High Low Med Low

Subsea to FPSO Med High High High

 8

Subsea Tree & Control Module Trends

 9

Early Trees …

Texaco Tartan Stacked Valve Tree

Shell Dry Chamber Tree

Archives from Various Operating Companies and Entities

 10

My Career Early Trees …

Main Pass 261 #1 FMC CM-1 Mudline Tree

VK 739 #2 (Pecten) Dril-Quip Vertical Tree

GC 157 (Shell
Manatee) #1 Vertical
VK 739 #3 Kvaerner Side Valve Tree Tree
 11
Deep Water Tree Technology

1992 1994 1996-1998 2000

 12
Tree Interfaces that Govern Design
Well
– Tubing Size, Pressure,
Temperature, Material Class
The Well

• Controls
– Direct, Piloted, Electro/Hydraulic Controls

• Flowlines
– Pipeline Size, Pressure, Connection
Type Flowline
Connection Wellhead

• Wellhead
– Mudline, Clamp Hub, Mandrel,
Different Vendors

Optimum Subsea Tree Configuration Driven by Reservoir Requirements

Fundamental Subsea Configurations
13

VXT
(TH in Tubing Head)
• The type of
completion defines
where the tubing
VXT
hanger resides (TH in the wellhead) HXT and EHXT

• Anything above the

tubing hanger can
be removed
without disturbing
the well
Tubing
Tubing Head
Hanger Subsea
Wellhead

Typical Tree Decision Drivers
Horizontal Tree
• Financial driver is “installed
CAPEX”
• Lower well count projects that
cannot justify expense of open
water completion riser
• High drive wells or multilaterals
(have need for large bore ≥ 7”)
• Complex reservoirs or frequent
workovers requiring tubing
retrieval
• ESP technology
• Batch drilling/completion and/or
requirement for drill thru
systems
14
Vertical Tree
• Financial driver is “life-of-field
OPEX”
• Large well count projects (or
portfolios of projects) that can
justify and benefit from
investment in open water
completion riser system
• Lower drive wells (smaller bore)
• Simple reservoirs or low
frequency of tubing retrieval
workovers
• High pressure - difficult well
control issues
 15

Subsea Trees by Water Depth

Mudline Tree
Diverless Tree
Guidelineless (GLL)
(Guideposts/Guidelines)
Tree (Funnels)

Water Depth (Feet) Surface Vessel Type of Tree

< 400 Jack-up Mudline – Diver Assist

200-800 Floating Vessel Diver Assist

Diver Assist Tree
800-2500 Floating Vessel Diverless

¾2500 Floating Vessel Guidelineless

 16

Tree
Configurations

10K Vertical Deep Water Standard

10K Vertical Shallow Water Tree
15K Enhanced Vertical Tree 15K Standard EHXT 10K Standard EHXT
 Comparison of Traditional and
17

Enhanced Vertical Trees

ROV Tree Cap

Flowline
U-Loop

Tubing Hanger Tubing Head

With Annulus Slim OD
Installed in
Isolation Valve Tubing Hanger
Wellhead

Traditional VXT Enhanced VXT

Traditional Vertical Tree with Tubing
18

Hanger Completion in Wellhead

• Eliminates Need for Tubing
Head
• 18-3/4” Dual Bore Tubing
Hanger Features Integral
Annulus Valve
• 14-1/2” TH and Adapter
Sleeve used on Competitor
Wellheads
• Trip Saving ROV Tree Cap
• Guideline or Guidelineless
Configurations
• BOP Setup Required for TH
Orientation
 19

4” x 2” 5K Dual Bore GL Tree

”
EG MAGY “C
 20
EVXTTM-SB EVXTTM-DB

Total Girassol

”
Shell Std

Enhanced Slim Bore Enhanced Dual Bore

Vertical Tree Vertical Tree
4” x 2” 10,000 psi 5” x 2” 5,000 psi
5” x 2” 15,000 psi 5” x 2” 10,000 psi
GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree
21

and Tubing Head Stack Section View

Tree Valves
 22

GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree System

ROV Tree Cap

Tree Assembly Subsea Control Module

Tubing Hanger

Tubing Head
Assembly
Vertical Hub
for Well Jumper
 23

GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree

ROV Tree Cap

Tree Cap Parking

Slot

Subsea Control
Module

Flowline Hydraulic Flying

Connector Lead Receptacles

Tree Connector
 24
10K EVXT Tubing Head

Hub for Tree

Flowline Connector

Vertical Hub for

Well Jumper

Flowline Hub
Latch/Release

Annulus Access
Valve
 10K Concentric Slimbore
25

Tubing Hanger
Running Tool Latch Profile
Locking Mandrel
Lock Ring

Dual Elastomer
Secondary Seals

Alignment Key
Tubing Suspension
Threads (4” to 5 1/2”)
National Hydraulic
Couplings

Tronic Wet-Mate
Electrical Connectors Plug Profile

Split Protective Sleeve

For Couplings
 26

10K ROV Tree Cap

• Run subsea with tree

• Weighs less than 100 lbs

in water
 27

10K Enhanced Vertical Tree

Stack Views
 28

15K Enhanced Vertical Tree System

SCM
Choke

Tree Assembly

Tubing Hanger

Tubing Head
Vertical Hub Assembly
for Well Jumper

Capable of handling BOP’s directly

 15K Enhanced
29

Vertical Tree
PRODUCTION WING VALVE
18 ¾ - H4
PRODUCTION RE-ENTRY
MASTER VALVE HUB

TREE CHEMICAL
INJECTION VALVE
TREE
CHEMICAL
PRODUCTION
INJECTION
SHUT IN VALVE
VALVE

TREE
CONNECTOR

PROD. MQC
PLATE

DOWNHOLE
FUNCTIONS
CHOKE
ROV PANEL
MANF / SLED
MQC PLATE EROSION DETECTOR BLOCK
 15K Enhanced
30

Vertical Tree
SUBSEA CONTROL
TREE CAP PARKING MODULE
RECEPTACLE

ANNULUS
CROSSOVER
VALVE

ANNULUS
WING VALVE

ANNULUS
SWAB
VALVE
PRODUCTION
ANNULUS SHUT DOWN
MASTER VALVE
VALVE CONNECTOR / FLOWLINE
SCSSV ROV PANEL CONNECTOR
 31

15K Tubing Hanger Assembly

 32
15K ROV Tree Cap
 33

Enhanced Horizontal Tree System

5” x 2” 10,000 psi
5” x 2” 15,000 psi
 Comparison of Traditional and
34

Enhanced Horizontal Trees

Tubing Hanger Internal Tree Cap

Both Crown Plugs

Installed in
Extended
Tubing Hanger

Traditional HXT Enhanced HXT

Enhanced Horizontal 35

Tree EHXT®

85,000 lbs
14.5’ x 14.5’
footprint x
12.5’ tall
 36

10K & 15K ROV Tree Cap

 37
EHXT Tubing Hanger Features

Crown
Plug
Tubing Hanger
 38
10K & 15K EHXT EH-5 Radial Penetrator

• Enables 9 downhole control lines

through 2 EH-5 Penetrators
– Hydraulic, chemical, electrical
Tree EH-5
Tubing
Spool Penetrator
Hanger
Body

Welded Tubing
Connections on Female Male
Ends of Radial Coupler Coupler
Penetrator Stems
 39

15K EHXT
Length
166”
(4.22m)

153”
(3.88m)

134”
(3.40m)
 40

5K HXT WireLineLess w/ ESP

Petrobras
 41

5K HXT with ESP Features

Tubing
Hanger
With
Dual Ball Valve

ROV
Tree
Cap
 42

5K EHXT with Retrievable Choke Module

Choke
Module

TREE
 43

5K EHXT Retrievable Choke Module

•MEG Flow Meter

•Wet Gas Meter
•Water Cut Meter
•Choke
•Tree Connector
•Manifold Connector
•Two Sand Detectors
•Suite of Dual PT/TT Sensors
 44
Electric Tree with Redundant Battery
System
Standard
Electric
Connectors

Battery
Pack
 45

Electric Choke Control Retrofit

• Reported production
gain of 1900 bbl/d
• Fully open to fully
closed 45 seconds.
Electric Flow
46

Control Valves

• Electric Actuators position

control and fast operation
• Electric Actuators for subsea
processing systems
 47

Boosting and Processing

Tordis Subsea Separation System

 48

Installation Methods
and
Systems
 49

Vertical Tree on Drill Pipe

 50

Horizontal Tree On Drill Pipe

5” x 2” 5K GLL Dual Bore Tree,
51

LMRP, EDP & Completion Riser

Heave Compensated Landing System (HCLS)
52

Tree overboarding

Tree being moved off Laney deck

Tree lowering into water

HCLS buoy deployment

 53
HCLS Tree Installation Boat to Crane

Buoys
Tree
 54

HCLS Tree Installation Crane to Overboard

 55

HCLS Tree Installation Crane to Boat

 56
HCLS Tree Installation Buoys Overboard
HCLS Tree Installation Sling
57
 58

HCLS Tree Installation Landout

 59

Rig Winch Tree Installation Boat Offload

 60

Rig Winch Tree Installation Rig Deployment

 61
Rig Winch Tree Installation
 62
Rig Winch Tubing Head Spool Deployment
 63

Subsea Tree Installation

• Run on monobore riser

• Controlled by SCM
during installation
 64
Monobore Completion Riser Systems
• 5” 10K & 15K
monobore riser
systems

• Riser systems
can be used for
light well
intervention on
both vertical and
horizontal trees
15K
65

Monobore EDP
Riser

LRP

Tree

Tubing
Head
 66

5” 15K Completion Riser System

Tapered
Stress
Lubricator Valve Joint

HPU

Surface
Tree
Riser
Control
Station

Lubricator
Valve Reel Unit

Tension To EDP
Joint / LRP

Intermediate Joints
Umbilical
Reel
 67

THANKS! Tree

QUESTIONS?

Me

One of my Earliest Trees – Happy Holidays, Y’all!

 TREE TYPES
and
INSTALLATION METHODS
James Pappas Devon
Jamie Patrick-Maxwell FMC
Ray Guillory FMC