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CENTURY INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCE & RESEARCH CENTERc

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Department Of Oral Medicine & Radiology
2010-2011

OBJECT LOCALIZATION TECHNIQUESc

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Submitted
by
Shabhana . B
IV th BDS, Part 1.

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Contents

1.c Introduction

2.c Indications

3.c Localization Technique

4.c Tube Shift Technique

5.c Right Angle Technique

6.c Stereoscopy

7.c Radiographic Technique for Localization of Impacted Teeth & Foreign Bodies

8.c Conclusion

9.c Bibliography

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Vntroduction
yc These are methods to locate the position of a tooth or an
object in the jaws.
yc The dental radiograph is a two dimensional picture of a
three dimensional object, it depicts the object in the
superior ± inferior and antero posterior relationship.
yc It fails to depict buccolingual relation or depth of the
object.
yc Localization is used to overcome this lacune.

Vndications
yc Foreign bodies
yc Impacted Teeth
yc Unerupted Teeth
yc Retained Roots
yc Salivary Stones
yc Jaw Fractures
yc Broken needles and instruments
yc Root positions
yc Filling Materials

›ocalization Techniques
1.c Tube shift technique [Buccal object rule or clarks rule]
2.c Right angle technique
3.c Stereoscopy

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Tube shift technique
yc Buccal object rule or clarks rule
yc The basic principle is that relative position of the
radiographic images of two separate objects changes
when the projection angle at which the project was
made is changed.
yc Different horizontal angle used when trying to locate
vertically aligned images. Example: Root Canals.
yc Different vertical angle is used trying to locate a
horizontally aligned images. Example: Mandibular
Canal.

{ethod
yc Two radiographs of the object taken.c
yc First radiograph with proper technique and angulation
as prescribed.c
yc Second radiograph is with changing the direction of the
central ray either with a different horizontal or vertical
angulation and keeping all other parameter equivalent
to the first radiograph.c

Vnterpretation
yc If the dental structure seen in the second radiograph
appears to have moved in same direction as the shift of
PID, the object in question is said to be positioned
lingually.

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yc If the object appears to have moved in a direction
opposite to the shift of PID, then object in question is
said to be positioned buccally.
yc SLOB rule ± SAME SIDE LINGUAL OPPOSITE
SIDE BUCCAL.

pight Angle Technique

yc Here two projections are taken at right angles to each

other which helps to localize an object in the maxilla or
mandible.

{ethod
yc A periapical radiograph is taken to show the position of
the object superior-inferiorly and anterio posteriorly.
yc Next occlusal radiograph is taken, which will show the
object¶s buccolingual and anterio posterior relationship.
yc Two radiographs when studied together, helps to
localize the objects in all three dimension.

àtereoscopy
yc It is used to determine the location of small intracranial
calcification and multiple foreign bodies in dense or thick
section.
yc Also used in cases in which the interpretation of images
produced at right angle might be difficult.
yc Evaluate the relationship of margins of bony fractures.

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yc Stereoscopic imaging requires the exposure of two films,
one for each eye and thus deliver twice amount of radiation
to patient.
yc Between exposure, patient is maintained in position, film is
changed, the tube is shifted from right eye to left eye
position.
yc After processing, the film are viewed with a stereoscope
that uses either mirrors or prisms to coordinate the
accommodation and convergence of the viewers eye, so
that brain can fuse the two images.
yc This technique is popular for the evaluation of bony
pockets in patient with periodontal diseases.
yc For morphology of temperomandibular joint area.
yc Determination of root configuration of the teeth that
require endodontic therapy.
yc Assessment of the relationship of the mandibular canal to
the root of the unerupted mandibular third molars.
yc Assessment of bone shape when the placement of dental
implant is considered.

padiographic Techniques For ›ocalization Of V pacted Teeth & Foreign

Bodies

{axillary Area

1.c Incisor Zone

yc Stereoscopic
yc Lateral profile
yc Occlusal

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2.c Cuspid Zone

yc Stereoscopic
yc Lateral profile
yc Occlusal
3.c Bicuspid & Molar Zone
yc Periapical
yc Occlusal

{andibular Area

1.c Incisor Zone

yc Periapical
yc Lateral profile
yc Occlusal
2.c Posterior Zone
yc Occlusal
yc Periapical
3.c Third Molar Zone
yc Periapical
yc Lateral Oblique
yc Oblique Occlusal

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Conclusion
yc In clinical practice, the dentist must often derive from a
radiograph three dimensional information concerning
patients.
yc This two methods, right angle technique and tooth shift
technique are frequently used to obtain such three
dimensional information.
yc The dentist may wish to use radiograph to determine
the location of a foreign object or an impacted tooth
within jaw.

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Bibliography

yc Dental & Maxillo Facial Radiology (2nd

Edition)
Chapter Number, Page Number.
By Freny R Karjodkar
yc Oral Radiology Principles & Intrepretation (6th
Edition)
Chapter Number, Page Number
By Stuart C White, Michael J Pharoah

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