Results and findings:

1. Research question:
Is the number of male students different from the number of female students?

To survey this, the research asks the question:

Have you ever procrastinated? (With gender classification)

2. Test specification:
The problem objective is to compare two populations. The first is the population
of procrastinated male FMT students and the second is the population of
procrastinated female FMT students. The data is qualitative because there are
only two observations: students with the affirmative answer and students with
negative answer. These two factors tell us that the parameter to be tested is
the difference between two population proportions p1-p2 (where p1 =
proportion of all male FMT students with procrastination, and p2 = proportion of
all female FMT students with procrastination).

3. Assumptions:
Assumption 1: Sample data follow binomial distribution

The research consists of a fixed 63 students with each student resulting in one
of the two possible outcomes: an affirmative answer or a negative answer.
Trials for choosing the answer are independent. Then, the samples satisfies the
binomial conditions

Assumption 2: Sample data is approximated as normally distributed

n1 pˆ 1 = 27 .59 > 5, n 2 pˆ 2 = 29 .12 > 5, n1 q1 > 5, n 2 q 2 > 5. Both samples are large enough,
so we can assume them to be normal.

4. Hypothesis testing procedures:

Step 1: Set up the null and alternative hypothesis:

Ho: p1-p2 = 0

Ha: p1-p2 # 0

Step 2: Test statistic:

We have: n1 pˆ 1 = 27 .59 > 5, n 2 pˆ 2 = 29 .12 > 5, n1 q1 > 5, n 2 q 2 > 5. Thus, the test statistic
is

pˆ 1 − pˆ 2
z=
1 1 
pˆ qˆ  + 
 n1 n2 

Step 3: Level of significance: α = 0.05

Step 4: Decision rule: reject Ho if p-value = 2P ( z > zα )

Step 5: Value of the test statistic and the p-value:

31
ˆ1 =
p = 0.89
35
32
ˆ2 =
p = 0.91
35
31 + 32
ˆ =
p = 0.9
35 + 35
qˆ = 0.1

pˆ 1 − pˆ 2 0.89 − 0.91
z= = = −0.29
1 1  1 1 
pˆ qˆ  +  (0.9)( 0.1) + 
 n1 n2   35 35 

Therefore,

Pvalue=P
(z > 0.29 ) = 2 p ( z > 0.29 ) = 2[0.5 − p (0 ≤ z ≤ 0.29 )] = 2(0.5 −0.1141 ) = 0.3859 <1.645

Step 6: Conclusion

We do not reject the Ho.

There is not enough evidence to conclude that the number of procrastinated male
and female are different.