2.

5: The effects of Force (Essay)

1a) i) The shot-put has weigh and the weigh is a force [1]
It is the effect of this force changing the shape of the ground when the shot-put is
landed [1]
ii) The larger mass of the shot-put, the greater diameter of the hole [1]

b) i) Normal Reaction [1]

Weight [1]

ii) The block does not move because the applied force is not greater than the frictional
force between the table and the block [1]
The value of the frictional force is 5N
iii) Constant velocity, acceleration = 0 [1]
F = ma = m (0)
The resultant force is zero [1]
Resultant force = 8- f = 0,
f = frictional force = 8N

c) i) Objective: To find the relationship between force and acceleration of an object [1]
ii) Inference: The acceleration of an object with constant mass depend on the force applied
to the object [1]
iii) Hypothesis: The acceleration of the object is directly proportional to the applied force
[1]
iv) - Manipulated variable: Force
- Responding variable: Acceleration of the trolley
- Fixed variable: Mass of the trolley [2]
v) Definition of variables in operation:
- 1 unit force = the force used to stretch an elastic string by 2cm
- The acceleration of trolley is calculated from the ticker tape [1]
vi) Apparatus: Transformer, ticker-timer, ticker-tape, elastic string, trolley and truck [1]
vii) Procedure:
1. The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram.
2. Ticker-timer is switched on.
3. The trolley is pulled down by stretching the elastic string to 2cm
4. The experiment is repeated by stretching 2 elastic strings together and then 3
elastic strings with the same extensions.
5. The acceleration, a is calculated from the ticker-tape produced [1]
viii)Analysis of data:
- Tabulate the results as shown - A graph of acceleration against force is plotted
a / cm-2
Force, F/N Acceleration, a
/ cms-2
1 unit force
2 unit force
3 unit force F/N
Conclusion: a α F , The acceleration is directly proportional to the force