BASICS MUD LOGGING

COMPANIES

SENSORS & GAS SYSTEMS

BY
Ahmed Ismail Abushady
 SENSORS

S E N S O R S C A T E G O R IE S

D E G IT A L AN ALO G
1- Digital Sensors

1- (Depth, ROP, Draw-Work, Block

position) sensor.

2- PUMP STROKE SENSOR ….(SPM).

3- ROTATION PER MINUTE …..(RPM).

 1- Digital Sensors
(Depth, ROP, Draw-Work, Block position) sensor.
• Fixed on cat head of draw-work.
• The draw-work sensor is intended to measure transition of a drum
reel and applicable to it transition of a traveling block
 Digital Sensors
Pump stroke sensor.

• Fixed on mud pump

• It start count when pump piston start moving.
• Pump Rate (speed) measuring device registers
the strokes per minute of the pump.
 Digital Sensors
RPM
• A rotary digital electro magnetic
sensor linked to the drive unit of
the rotary table or the top drive.
The on-off digital signals in
correspondence to the rotary speed
through Data Acquisition System
will be recorded to represent the
Surface RPM.
 2- Analog Sensors
1- HOOK LOAD …….(HKLD).
2- STAND PIPE PRESSURE……..(SPP).
3- CASING PRESSURE ………(CP).
4- TORQUE…………(TRQ).
5- Ultra sonic………(MUD LEVEL SENSOR).
6- Mud Flow out.
7- Mud temperature sensor.
8- Conductivity.
9- Mud Density.
10- Gas Trap.
11- TOTAL GAS SYS.
12- CHROMATOGRAPH SYS.
Analog sensors -2
HOOK LOAD.
Use a pressure transducer
Normally installed on the dead line anchor system.
100 bar pressure sensor.
The sensor is supplied with a 24 VDC excitation
voltage and feeds back a digital.
The out put is 4 - 20 ma

bar Pressure Sensor 100

Attached with Dead Line
Anchor & Protected by
PVC housing
 Analog sensors
STAND PIPE PRESSURE.
 Installed on stand pipe.
Similar to hook load.
400 bar pressure sensor.
Input 24v, out put 4-20ma.

bar Pressure Sensor 400

Attached with Stand Pipe
 Analog sensors
CASING PRESSURE.
 Installed on chock manifold or kill line
depends on the rig supervisor approval.
1000 bar pressure sensor.
Input 24v, out put 4-20ma.

bar Pressure 1000

Sensor Attached with
Chock Manifold
 Analog sensors
TORQUE
 measures the rotary table current in amperes.
 split core transducer is clamped around the power cable that will
enable the transducer to sense the current the motor draws, which
is proportionate to that required
by the rotary table.

Torque sensor
clamped around
motor’s power
cable
 Analog sensors
Ultra sonic:
 The mud pit level-measuring device monitors
single pit levels.
 Ultrasonic transducer emits ultrasonic pulses,
which are reflected by the product surface. The
level is calculated via the combined emitter and
receiver system.
 Analog sensors
Mud Flow out
• Sensor normally specified is
of the paddle type.
• Mudflow inside the flow line
causes Deviation of the
paddle and a corresponding
rotation of a 1-turn
potentiometer.
• Various paddle sizes are
available to suit the different
flow lines encountered.
 Analog sensors
Mud temperature sensor
• Temperature-In sensor is mounted in the
suction pit and the Temperature-Out sensor
in the shaker header box.
• Either semiconductor thermistor transducers
or platinum resistance elements (PRT).
• 8.5 volt excitation voltage. output between
270 and 370 micro amps.
• This signal is converted by the signal
conditioner card into 0-10 VDC Analog signal
for input into the computer.
 Analog sensors
Conductivity

• The sensor contains two coils, known as

the primary and secondary coils.
• AC current is fed to the primary coil by a
Oscillator.
• The magnetic effect caused by this current
is transmitted to the secondary coil by the
medium surrounding the coils.
• This produces a current in the secondary
coil, whose phase difference is related to
the resistivity of the medium.
 Analog sensors
Mud Density

• The Mud density sensor is of the differential

pressure type.
• Two silicon oil filled diaphragms are placed one
foot apart in the drilling mud and a highly
accurate differential pressure transducer
interrogates the readings and transmits a 4-20
MA signal to the computer.
• The sensors are mounted in the suction pit and
in the shaker header box to provide the density
In & Out measurements.
 Gas System
Gas Trap

• The mud trap assembly comprises an

electric motor, impeller and trap chamber.
• 110 volt power is supplied to the motor
from the unit and the wattage used is
monitored to indicate the status of the trap
in the mud.
Gas System
 FID Gas System
Principle of FID operation

• Hydrogen gas is mixed with the column outlet gas at a certain ratio. The gas mixture
combusts in the air atmosphere. An electrode exists at each end of the FID jet, and DC
voltage is applied between the electrodes.

• If only pure carrier gas (nitrogen, helium or argon) and hydrogen gas are mixed, little
current is produced between the electrodes.

• When an organic compound is mixed with the carrier gas, current is produced
proportionally to the amount of organic compound present.

• This is because ions (mainly carbon ions) are generated when an organic compound
combusts within the hydrogen flame, and the generated ions are captured by the
collector.

• ion quantity generated is almost proportional to the number of carbons contained in the
compound. However, carbon atoms in a “C=O” form do not create a signal. The presence
o halogens in the compound decreases sensitivity.

• Because the ion current obtained by the FID is very low, it is amplified into a proper
voltage, then output to a Chromatochart or personal computer.
HOW TO DESCRIPE
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