Chapter 

Hortatory Exposition

10 Persuading to

Learning Objectives:
1. The students are able to understand the meanings of spoken hortatory
exposition monologs accurately, fluently, and contextually accepted in daily
life.
2. The students are able to express the meanings of spoken hortatory
exposition monologs accurately, fluently, and contextually accepted in daily
life.
3. The students are able to read the meanings of written hortatory exposition
monologs accurately, fluently, and contextually accepted in the forms of
written materials.
4. The students are able to write hortatory exposition texts accurately,
fluently, contextually accepted in the forms of formal and informal forms of
writing.

  

SECTION ONE: Building Knowledge of the Field

Activity 1: Exploring Ideas

Explore your ideas and respond the questions.

1. Do you see social, political or economic problems around you?

2. What are they? Mention some of them.
3. State one problem in the form of a thesis.
4. What is your argument?

English for the Eleventh Grade of SMA/KTSP-2007 123

 5. What is your recommendation?

Activity 2: Stating the problems

State the problems you know in the form of theses, arguments, and
recommendations.
Economic problem Theses Arguments Recommendations
Social problem ……………… ……………… …………………
Political problem ……………… ……………… …………………
Cultural problem ……………… ……………… …………………
Educational problem ……………… ……………… …………………

Activity 3: Studying the following language focus

Study the following language focus usually used the hortatory

exposition text.

A. SHOULD
a. Menyatakan anjuran (advisability).
 You look pale, you should see a doctor.
 He seems sleepy when he drives. You should ask him to stop.
b. Menyatakan kewajiban (obligatory/duty) = ought to.
 Everyone should (ought to) respect parents.
 He should come to take the test on time.
c. Menyatakan kesimpulan yang sudah jelas.
 She stopped smoking for years, she should be healthy..
 You lived in a big city, you should be aware of the air pollution.

B. MUST
a. Menyatakan kebutuhan (necessity) dan keharusan (=have to).
 We must keep our environment clean (=We have to keep our
environment clean.)
 They must stop throwing wastes into the river.
b. Menyatakan kemungkinan kuat (strong possibility).

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  The flood happened again. It must have been the result of the
forest destruction.
 The cigar was still burning but he was not there.
He must have gone out.
c. Menyatakan kesimpulan (conclusion).
 The river is polluted. The fish must be died.
 The people is crowded. There must be a political strike.

Activity 4: Finding out the meaning of statements

Find out the meaning of the following statements.
1. Smoking should be banned in the public place.
………………………………………………………………………
2. The government must ban smoking in the public transportation.
………………………………………………………………………
3. I strongly recommend that the government ban prostitution.
………………………………………………………………………
4. I really think that the government should ban gambling.
………………………………………………………………………
5. It’s a hard work for the government to stop people drinking alcohol.
………………………………………………………………………
6. I’d recommend that the government ban illegal racing.
………………………………………………………………………
7. I think it would be wise to ban smoking at school.
………………………………………………………………………
8. I wonder if the police ever thought about banning public fighting.
………………………………………………………………………
9. My advice is to ban playing cards.
………………………………………………………………………
10. Perhaps the government could ban dating in the public place.
………………………………………………………………………

Activity 5: Reading the text

Read the following text and find out the statements of
Thesis, arguments, and recommendations..

Dear Sir,

On behalf of the villagers, I would like to express our concern at the

unreasonable amount of water pollution created by the factory in our area.
The pollution is increasing and causing many problems for the
neighbourhood. The poisonous waste causes some diseases and makes fish in the

English for the Eleventh Grade of SMA/KTSP-2007 125

river dead. The waste from the factory tunnels makes the water in the river dirty
and poisonous. The contaminated water is dangerous for people living near the
river because they always take some water from that river.
We would like to suggest that an enquiry be held into the running of the
factory and the impact on the local community.
We hope that you will give this matter serious consideration, if not, we
have other decision to stop this problem.

Yours sincerely,

Hilmi & Robert

Thesis : ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
Arguments : ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
Recommendations : ……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………

Activity 6: Finding out the information

List some factors of the water pollution.

No. Factors of water pollution

…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..

SECTION TWO: Modelling of the Text

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Activity 7: Identifying the schematic structure and linguistic features
of the hortatory exposition

Read the following hortatory exposition and identify the schematic

Structure and linguistic features.

Into the Mouth of Babes

Causal
Connective
We are writing to you because we are concerned
Thesis about the way food is being advertised to
children. Specific
participant
What we eat now affects our health in years to
come. Bad dietary habits start while we are very Action Verb
young. For this reason, your government
supports health education that encourages a
balanced healthy diet. Australians are (Simple
Argument Present Tense)
encouraged to get the bulk of their nutrients
1 from fresh fruits, vegetables, and wholegrain
cereals, a lesser amount from foods high in fat, Generic
salt and sugar. participant

TV advertising to children presents a completely

different message. Nearly 80% of food
advertising pushes fatty snacks or sweets – the Modality
Argument
2 very foods that should be eaten least. To make
matter worse, these ads take up much of the
Strong
advertising time. This must be stopped. modality

TV advertising is powerful and influential.

Parents, however strong-willed, find it hard to Linking Verb
resist pressures created by this advertising.
Argument
Children are least able to understand the tricks
3 Contrastive
of the advertising industry.
Connective
For the hours when children are the main
audience, TV advertising of foods must be made
Linking Verb
to reinforce, not undermine, the message about a
balanced diet. We appeal to you, as Prime
Recom- Minister, to take the lead in calling together the
mendation advertisers, TV networks, consumers and public
Specific
participant
health bodies to decide how this is to be done.

Yours sincerely,
Signed by Barbara Biggins and other prominent
signatories.

Activity 8: Answering the questions based on the text

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 Answer the following questions orally based on the text.
Do this activity in your group.

1. Who wrote the letter above?

2. Whom was the letter written for?
3. Why did the sender send this letter?
4. According to the writer, where can healthy nutrients be obtained?
5. What arguments did the writer use to convince the reader that TV
advertising to children was bad?
6. What shouldn’t TV advertising have done when children were the main
audience?
7. What should TV advertising have done?
8. What did the writer recommend to the Prime Minister?
9. What’s your argument?
10. What’s your group’s recommendation?

Activity 9: Analyzing the schematic structure of the hortatory exposition

Read the following hortatory exposition text and analyze

the schematic structure: THESIS, ARGUMENT,
RECOMMENDATION.

Smoking is inhalation and exhalation of the

fumes of burning tobacco. Cigarettes, the most
popular method of smoking, consist of finely
shredded tobacco rolled in lightweight paper. About
1 48 million people in the United States smoke an
estimated total of 430 billion cigarettes each year.
This activity seems very dangerous and harmful
though many people do that and are never aware of
the bad effects.
Until the 1940s, smoking was considered
2 harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has

English for the Eleventh Grade of SMA/KTSP-2007 128

3
Recommendation
 since confirmed that tobacco smoke presents a
hazard to health. Smoke from the average cigarette
contains around 4,000 chemicals, some of which are
highly toxic and at least 43 of which cause cancer.
Nicotine, a major constituent of tobacco smoke, is
both poisonous and highly addictive.
According to the American Cancer Society,
smoking is the most preventable cause of death in
America today. So, it is suggested that people
should avoid smoking in order to be healthy people.

Activity 10: Analyzing the linguistic features of the hortatory exposition

Read the following text and identify the language features.

Determine the GENERIC PARTICIPANT, SPECIFIC
PARTICIPANT, CAUSAL CONNECTIVE, ACTION VERB,
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, MODALITY, LINKING VERB.

Smoking is inhalation and exhalation of the

1 fumes of burning tobacco. Cigarettes, the most popular
method of smoking, consist of finely shredded tobacco
2
rolled in lightweight paper. About 48 million people in
the United States smoke an estimated total of 430 billion
3 cigarettes each year. This activity seems very dangerous
and harmful though many people do that and are never
4 aware of the bad effects.
Until the 1940s, smoking was considered
5
harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since
6 confirmed that tobacco smoke presents a hazard to health.
Smoke from the average cigarette contains around 4,000
7 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic and at least 43
of which cause cancer. Nicotine, a major constituent of
tobacco smoke, is both poisonous and highly addictive.

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 8

According to the American Cancer Society,

9
smoking is the most preventable cause of death in
America today. So, it is suggested that people should
10 avoid smoking in order to be healthy people.

SECTION THREE: Joint Construction of the Text

Activity 11: Making theses, arguments, and recommendation

Look at the illustration below. Make theses, arguments, and

Recommendations towards the problems of saving energy, wastes,
air pollution, reforestation, saving fuel, and keeping our world
clean and healthy. Discuss it in your group and write them on your
group worksheet.

Examples:
• We should save electricity and water every day.
• We must not be wasteful.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………

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 4. ……………………………………………………………………………
5. ……………………………………………………………………………
6. ……………………………………………………………………………
7. ……………………………………………………………………………
8. ……………………………………………………………………………
9. ……………………………………………………………………………
10. ……………………………………………………………………………

Activity 12: Reading the text for gaining information

Read the following text for your information before you make a
hortatory exposition. Answer the questions below orally in your
group discussion.

Air pollution happens when it contains enough harmful impurities to affect

the health, safety, or comfort of living things. The impurities, or pollutants, could
be tiny particles of matter or gases not normally found in air.
When people breathe, pollutants in the air may be deposited in the lungs or
absorbed into the body. And polluted air can harm animals and plants as well as
people. For this reason, our air supply should be closely watched and managed to
assure its good quality.
There are two main types of air pollution—natural pollution and
pollution caused by people. The damage caused by air pollution is enormous.
Many flower and vegetable crops suffer ill effects from car exhaust gases. Trees
have been killed by pollution from power plants. The fumes from smelters that
recover aluminum from ore have poisoned cattle. Air pollution causes rubber tires
on automobiles to crack and become porous. Fine buildings become shabby, their
walls blackened with soot that has settled on them. Building surfaces may actually
deteriorate because of air pollution. Air pollution causes eye irritations, scratchy
throats, and respiratory illness.
There are three basic approaches to the control of air pollution—
preventive measures, such as changing the raw materials used in industry or the
ingredients of fuel, dispersal measures, such as designing equipment to trap
pollutants before they escape into the atmosphere.

1. What is the text about?

2. Do you find a thesis from the text?
3. What is the thesis stated in the text above?
4. What are your arguments about the problem of pollution?
5. What are your recommendations to overcome the problem of
pollution?

Activity 13: Making a hortatory exposition

Make a hortatory exposition about “pollution” based on a thesis,

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 arguments, and a recommendation made in Activity 11 and your
discussion result in Activity 12. Use the text plan provided below to
construct it correctly. Discuss it first in your group and make a
good text on a piece of paper. Do this task in your group.

Thesis
(Make a statement about the pollution?)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Argument
(Explain what disadvantages of pollution are)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
Recommendation
(What should people do to anticipate and overcome the problems of pollution?)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION FOUR: Independent Construction of the Text

Activity 14: Answering the questions
Answer the following questions based on the information below.

Drinking alcohol Gambling

Playing cards Playing fireworks

1. Do you have your own statements about the problems illustrated above?
2. What is your thesis about drinking alcohol?
3. What is your argument about its disadvantages?

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 4. What is your recommendation to avoid drinking alcohol?
5. Do you have the same statements, arguments, and recommendations
towards the other problems: gambling, playing cards, and playing
dangerous firework games?
6. State one by one. Write them on a piece of paper.

Activity 15: Writing a hortatory exposition

Choose one of the problems presented and discussed in Activity 14.
Make a hortatory exposition using the plan of the text correctly.
Write it out on a piece of paper; then exhibit it in front of the class.
Consider the following clues.

• State the main point of the problem in the form of thesis.

• Explain disadvantages of the chosen problem and write it in the form of
arguments.
• Make your advice or suggestion in the form of recommendation.

THESIS : …………………………………………………….
ARGUMENTS : …………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
RECOMMENDATION : …………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….

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