Bernoulli’s Theorem

The fluid rests at B and D initially. Within infinitesimal time ∆t, the fluid reaches C and E. The
distance covered will be v1 Δ t and v 2 Δ t if v1 and v 2 be the velocities of the fluid at B and C. Let the
cross sections of B and C be A1 and A2 , and the pressures acting be P1 and P2 respectively.

We have,

W =⃗
F . ⃗d

⇒ Work done by the fluid = W 1=P1 A1 ( v 1 Δt) and

work done on the fluid = W 2=P2 A 2 (v 2 Δt)

∴ total work done in passing the fluid = P1 A1 ( v 1 Δ t )−P2 A2 ( v 2 Δt )=( P1 −P 2 ) ∆ V … ( i )

The change in gravitational potential energy can be written as,

∆ U =mg ( h2−h1 )=ρ ∆ V ( h2 −h1 )

The change in kinetic energy can be written as,

1 1
∆ K = m ( v 22=v 21) = ρ ∆ V ( v 22=v 21 )
2 2

1
∴ Total energy = ρ ∆ V ( h 2−h1 ) + ρ ∆ V ( v 22=v 21 )
2

By work energy theorem, we have total energy = total work done

1
∴ ρ ∆ V ( h2−h1 ) + ρ ∆ V ( v 22=v 21) =( P1−P 2) ∆V
2

1
∴ ρ ( h2−h 1) + ρ ( v 22=v 21) =( P1 −P 2)
2

1 2
⇒ P+ ρ v + ρgh=Constant
2

P 1 2
+ v + gh=constant
ρ 2