A FOURSPOUTED KRATER FROM KARATAS MACHTELD MELLINK In de £966 campaign at Karatag near Elma sm unusual potery sel was collected in bits and pices in tcench 63, one ofthe tial trenches mde to the Southeast ofthe small central mound. Trench Bp contained several telexcopel eve of Ely Bronze Age habitation, ‘one of which was the burnt Early Bronze Hl subeve also recognized in the general Karsty Southeat loge area of trenches 7072, 99-100" “The base ofthe vel wae found in the Southeatt commer of a small rectangular suc hil of timber and pisé oma stone sacle ‘This structure measured about 1.75 m. in wid (N-S) snd 2.50 m. in length (F-W},to0 small to be house It belonged tothe le level ‘of habitation and way built over the burst level, but evidently ail ‘vas par of the Early Bronze TT perind, It may fave been the center piece of an enclomire of which thick wall of 1m, Jeng was the South boundary, but all hee architeccralremuisin trench 63 lay ‘ery nee the sufice and hnd been badly damaged by plowghing nd ‘zorion. In any eae the vate hal word a the Southeast corner of a Sazll roofed st ‘After an extensive sasch for scattered fragments the veel ‘ould be recontrted ae shown in (tI, 1) (masimuen preserved Ieight gy me, dinner of baxe 0215 my sspper diameter of pedestal ‘oat my maximum diameter of body owg2 my diameter of acck (0.20 my width of handle attachment o.1r5 m., diameter of spout at base ca m) (a a fhasing pedestal base stands» bowshaped vessel with = Alauened neared shoulder. The lower edge of a narrow neck i preserved. On the shouldcr, near the earination, four tubular spouts ‘ere evenly spaced. Only thelr lower stamps or breaks are preserve, the largest pce 1069 high Two tionally grooved loop-handles 1 ye ti rt dt Ter dll 7 ps sir pC) Be iD 7 (968) Fe awere set on dhe shoulder opposite each othe, each spaced centrally Iretween pir of spouts The top zone of the vesel has a luted Alecoration | between two horizontal geeows, a continuous double ‘chevron pattern enlees the widest part of dhe bowl. The pedestal ater, a the vessel eame to be called i made ofthe usual Karatag svat, rather thick, medium coarse fabs, in dhs istance fired dark Brey and burnished om the exterior. It-crigially may have Rad Father more slogan profile than the incompletely nator. version fuggesa; the Clring pedestal probably was matched Dy curving rubles of the rim and spont The vim, shaved off by the plou- fing in tench 63, could have been measly ax tall ae the pedstal fo make a balanced shape “The type of pottery to which the krater belongs is familiar at Karaiag where & mitorty ofall Early Bronze H pottery 8 made of grooved Tat, or inched lock polished ware. "The more repeecs- lative Karstag ware is red burnished with white painted decoration, Dut black pottery i not rare, fdieating that Piscianfhione were Jepown and appreciated in the plnin of Phnal, whereat the reverse ‘wae not true among the doornds of vets calleted from looted tombs in the Burd area hardly any are of Elmah whiteon-red trae}. Thee one-sided family resemblances help us to eorzlate the [Shronology of the Karnag Early Brose 11 levels with material from Pian tombs and with strafed habitation levee om the South set Anatolian sites of Kisutn (B) and Beyeauitan (arly Bronze 1) ‘Blaci-hurrishod, chevron-Tuted ware ls popular ia Beycesukan levels XVIEXIV, sare torsional bands and pedestal bass “Thus, dhe general finite of the pedestalle krater fom Kaatay are clear, It is. loclly made veel which follows the potry fashions ‘of Sout Anatolia in the Early Bronze IY period. In the wider ‘ange of coaolageslcocelationy ¢ stands in the later part ofthe Troy 1 period and of the long Gilican Early Bronze 1 period of Tare "The main question concerning this vesl i that of its pospo. “The vase it hsyy and elerly not sncant to be moved Frequent. Tt Wine! Lydd (8) 9596 Stn Ln and James Sn gin Uf pp Rel dma copy Se [A FOURSPOUTED KRATER FROM KARATAS ” ‘in be filled thouglt the main central rim and is espacions. The Tigi ould ete othe shoulder and coald be eacked, but not poured ‘out, through the four spouts. A lower vas? is noe a likely invention At this tage of village entre at Karsag, nor would the arrangement (ofthe fur spouts around dhe ceattl im be handy fra floral arrax- fement, In mace practical context, the wie ofthe veel for inking through sipping tuber would soem a move [ikely solution. Tr the eseripion above the word Zt intraded notraly: large caps ‘lou bow ofthis Kind in Greek term would be a sing veel or Fntive beverages The Karat pedentalled, ouespouted vase would ‘make a good container for a Kind of beverage customarily sipped through # diaking cube or straw. It height (about 40 em.) would low tt bea enter pce of party of four participants wo would fit around ie and wlicse Individual drinking tuber would tay in Prion in the tubular spouts even at intervals in the symposium. “Two questions may be raed: do we have evidence forthe use of drinking tubes in. Anatolia in the cird milenniom B.C, and ‘what Kind of beverage would have filled the krates? The chronological context of the vase, ax tats above, is the tater part of Early Bronze IL ia Lycian and Glician Anatolia, a haw which runs pall! with Early Dynastic I-IIT in. Mesopo- fama! The plain of Blab i conogeaphiclly inarticulate at this time, but ix Mewpotamian Eavly Dynastic art drinking scenes are popular moc epeilly inthe repertoire of eyliader sel designs ‘Well stratified sealsffom Ur (PL. I, 2) and dhe Diyala valley (PL, 3) cane that atypical Early Dynastic TIE drinking seene shows (v0 figures on low esis facing each other on ether side of » lage jst ‘The jar is ually set om love ean which may be asl pedestal ‘bet more ofen i 4 teipodike device. "The drinkers sip the guid * Ver wom of his, bt mh male and ert’ apprialy ich ltr dey ae ade of tece in Me Kango Fay = Wil Hage eo ig oer a) ge 8 oe URN His alo, Chama yO Hr Aran (Chis 282) 7 Prank, Clade So (Lend 9) p75 Part Ort nt Yer etn a et ent Se Yok 968) 275MACHTELD MELLINK throng long slightly curving tubes whieh rise fom the central rim fof the ur, Nove of te Mesopotamian Barly Dynastar have spouts shown on the shoulders guides forthe tubes, bt in another respect, they confi the quadruple arrangement of the Karate jae: On the teale the antst-neccuarly reece the number of sympa to tho, anttietelly rendered, but the jar ually comsins mare tubes (ont two, sometimes st many a4 three extras are shown) "The geographic ditibution ofthe Early Dyoastic drinking habit, and its ioonographie tecord canbe traced fom Urn the South co the Northern sites of Mari® and. Asie’. In Mati we are atthe border sation from where trade and technological contacts branchid oot towards Syris and Anatolia, Derivative seal of aghty later date ome from the Amug® end fom Kaltepe. Through te new excava tons ofthe Turkish Historical Society at Kltepe i has bosome clear that drinking scence are part of the Anatolian group of cylinder teal fund i level Ll of dhe Karun. The subject has changed frm {hat of a symposiam to thst of individual enjoyment by a single city who imbibe the Hig trough = deinking tube. The details ofthe jars are now very eareflly rendered © the jar stands on asp port has loop undies on the shoulder (wo are shown, Sour may Eve exis) the rn i wide on a flaring nec, This type of vel is typial of Karum feel TT, as Nimet Ozgu has pointed out. A though various deton are the solitary imbibers in worship stenes, ach ja may contin se any a ur delaking reeds. A composition With to figuos occurs om » Karo Ib eyinder seal impression of Shpian aye", The evidence ftom Kultepe shows hat the easton fof drinking liquid thaough tubes from large veel was known fd currnt in eenteal Anatolia in the Bginaig ofthe secon eilene us Par Msi deci Ma Le Teale Pr (ati 036) IVI, Now 5p 80 ft tm aps A. Mert Tunic Roig ene 4) Now te a Tmt iy St min et) Ny ape od ‘KM. an far Onafodng 1) (or P30 20 Niet Ging, Te tlie Gp of Car Sal Iyer fm atoe (ola a) poh wa Neo 1 9B 49-7 7 eae da a Ss mt i Macild Mlink