COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS, BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT CONTENTS BLOCK DIAGRAM & IT’S COMPONANTS. WORKING OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES. CLASSIFICATION OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT. SITE SELECTION COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT. STATUS OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT IN INDIA. CONCLUSION. REFERANCE. aggagaaaga COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS SANKDASARIYA SHAILESH B. ENRL NO-090760111025 ‘SSASIT (E.C. DEPARTMENT) SSASIT | BYSHALESH PATE DEPARTMENT)COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 IMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT @AIM:- TO STUDY ABOUT COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT. Combined cycle is an electric generating technology that creates additional electri from heat exiting gas turbines. The exhaust heat from the gas turbines is routed to a conventional boiler or to a heat recovery steam generator for utilization by a steam turbine in the production of electricity. BLOCK DIAGRAM:- GAS TURBINE COMBINED CYCLE fescrmcat svenTARoe Power Plant System Schematic f jh cone A : ih i GQicauene ©The schematic arrangement of a gas turbine power plant is shown in figure.The main components of plants are given below:- (i) Compressor (ii)Regenerator Combustion Chamber (iv)Gas Turbine (v)Alternator (vi) Starting motor ssasiT | BY SHAILESH B, PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 \COMPRESSOR ©The compressor used in the plant is generally of rotatory type.The air at atmospheric pressure is drawn by the compressor via the filter which removes the dust from the air.The rotatory blades of the compressor push the air between stationary blades to raise its pressure.Thus air at high pressure is available at the output of the compressor. (IDREGENERATOR "A regenerator is a device which recovers heat from the the exhaust gases of the turbine.The exhaust is passed through the regenerator before wasting to atmosphere.A regenerator consists of a nest of tubes contained in ashell.the compressed air from the compressor passes through the tubes on its way to the combustion chamber.In this way compressor is heated by the hot exhaust gases. LII)COMBUSTION CHAMBER ©The air at high pressure from the compressor is led to the combustion chamber via the regenerator.In the combustion chamber,heat is added to the air by burning oil. The oil is injected through the burner into the chamber at high pressure ensure atomisation of oil and its through mixing with air.The result is that the chamber attains a very high temperature(about 3000F).The combustion gases are suitably cooled to 1300F to 1500F then delivered to gas turbine. (IV)GAS TURBINE ©The products of combustion consisting of a mixture of gases at high temperature and pressure are passed to the gas turbine. These gases in passing over the turbine blades ‘expand and thus do the mechanical work.The temperature of the exhaust gases from the turbine is about 900 F. (V)ALTERNATOR, ©The gas turbine is coupled into the alternator. The alternator converts the mechanical energy of the turbine into electrical energy. The output of the alternator is given to the bus-bars through transformers, isolators and circuit breakers. (VI) STARTING MOTOR © Before starting the turbine,compressor has to be started.For this purpose,an electric motor is mounted on the same shaft as that of the turbine.The motor is energised by the batteries.Once the unit starts, a part of the mechanical power of the turbine drives the compressor and there is no need of the motor now. ssasiT | BY SHAILESH 8, PATEL. DEPARTMENT) [ERCOMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 @WORKING OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT :- Wiiater Purp Ont SH _ Heat Recover ‘Steam Generator Gas Turbine Electricity Compressor fae Air ©>First step is the same as the simple cycle gas turbine plant. Burning of gas, the thrust rotating a gas turbine and the coupled generator produces Electricity. In the second step the hot gases leaving the gas turbine passes into boiler to produce steam. This boiler is called the ‘Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). The steam then rotates the steam turbine and coupled generator to produce Electricity. The hot gases leave the HRSG at around 140 degrees centigrade and are discharged into the atmosphere. The steam condensing, and water recycling system is the same as in the steam power plant. “Roughly the steam turbine cycle produces one third of the power and gas turbine cycle produces two thirds of the power output of the CCPP. Normally there will be two generators, one driven by the gas turbine and one driven by the steam turbine. There are also systems with one generator connected through a single shaft to both the gas turbine and steam turbine. "Even though this system is having the best efficiency, it has limitations. The gas turbine can only use Natural gas or high grade oils like aviation or diesel fuel. Because of this the combined cycle can be operated only in locations where these fuels are available and cost effective. "Developments for gasification of coal and use in the gas turbine are in advanced stages. Once this is proven, Coal as the main fuel can also be used in the combined cycle power plant. ssasiT | BY SHAILESH B, PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 @ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS:- ADVANTAGES: eeeee eeoe * Very high power-to-weight ratio, compared to reciprocating engines. ‘Smaller than most reciprocating engines of the same power rating. Moves in one direction only, with far less vibration than a reciprocating engine. Fewer moving parts than reciprocating engines. Low operating pressures. High operation speeds. Low lubricating oil cost and consumption. It is simple to design & construct compared to a Steam Power station, since no boilers are required. Much smaller compared to Steam Power station of same capacity. Lower operating costs. Less water used since there is no need for a condenser. Maintenance charges are low Can be started quickly No stand-by losses. ‘© DISADVANTAGES: Cost is much greater than for a similar-sized reciprocating engine since the materials must be stronger and more heat resistant. Machining operations are also more complex. Usually less efficient than reciprocating engines, especially at idle. Delayed response to changes in power settings. Problem of starting. Compressor needs to be operating thus external source of power is necessary. Net output is low since greater power is used to drive compressor. Overall efficiency of plant is low ~ 20% because of exhaust gases still containing heat. only efficient in a Combined cycle configuration. Temperature of combustion chamber is too high thus resulting in a lower life. #CLASSIFICATION OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT:- The gas turbine power plants which are used in electric power industry are classified into two groups as per the cycle of operation (a) Open cycle gas turbine. (0) Closed cycle gas turbine. SSASIT‘OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT: Fue Suppyy + ‘Compressor Tube Ef ; + a Extaustto oe Aimosphere (OPEN OYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 =A simple open cycle gas turbine consists of a compressor, combustion chamber and a turbine as shown in fig.The compressor takes in ambient air and raises its pressure Heat is added to the air in combustion chamber by burning the fuel and raises its temperature. The heated gases coming out of combustion chamber are then passed to the turbine where it expands doing mechanical work. Part of the power developed by the turbine is utilized in driving the compressor and other accessories and remaining is used for power generation. Since ambient air enters into the compressor and gases coming out of turbine are exhausted into the atmosphere, the working medium must be replaced continuously. This type of cycle is known as open cycle gas turbine plant. ‘© CLOSED CYCLE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT: >In closed cycle gas turbine plant, the working fluid (air or any other suitable gas) chambers Heat “TS uct Supt A Supply Exchanger 4 ie wa oS =>) t ames Il ee Water out coming out from compressor is heated a heater by an external source at constant pressure. The high temperature and high-pressure air coming out from the external heater is, passed through the gas turbine. The fluid coming out from the turbine is cooled to its original temperature in the cooler using external cooling source before passing to the compressor. The working fluid is continuously used in the system without its change of phase and the required heat is given to the working fluid in the heat exchanger. The arrangement of the components of the closed cycle gas turbine plant is shown in Fig.This types of cycle is known as closed cycle gas turbine power plant. SSASIT | BY SHAILESH B, PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT) [iqCOMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 @SITE SELECTION FOR COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT:- 1)AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIAL:it is necessary to locate the plant as far as possible near the natural gas sources to reduce the cost of transportation of fuel. If the plant is located away from souces of fuel field it may create problems due to failure of transportation system 2)NATURE OF THE LAND & ITS COST:The site selected should have high bearing capacity of at least 10N/mm2 to withstand dead load of the plant. It would reduce the cost of foundation of the plant. 3)LOAD CENTRE:-A power plant must be located near the load to which the power is supplied. The location of power plant at C.G. of loads reduces the cost of transmission lines & the losses occurring in it. 4)AVAILABILITY OF LABOUR:-Large men power is needed during the construction of plant. therefore, labour should be available near the construction site at cheap cost. 5 )ACCESSIBILITY TO SITE:- The power plant should have rail and road transportation facilities. @STATUS OF COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT IN INDI POWER PLANT NAME CAPACITY(MW) STATE Godavari (Kakinada) Gas CCPP 208 ‘Andhra Pradesh Lakwa Gas Turbine 120 Assam Konaseema CCGT Gas 445 ‘Andhra Pradesh Viljeswaran Gas CCT 272 Andhra Pradesh GMMR Vernagiri Gas CCGT 389 ‘Andhra Pradesh Samalkot/Peddapuram Gas CCGT 220 Andhra Pradesh LANCO Kondapalli Gas CCGT 601 ‘Andhra Pradesh GVK Jegurupadu Il Gas CCT 220 Andhra Pradesh GVK Jegurupadu | Gas CCGT 235 ‘Andhra Pradesh Gautami Gas CCGT 464 ‘Andhra Pradesh Namrup Gas CCGT 1335 Assam Kathalguri (Assam) Gas CCGT 291 Assam Pragati Gas CCGT 330 Delhi Indraprastha (Delhi) CCGT 282 Delhi Vatwa Gas CCGT 100 Gujarat Utran II CCGT Power Station 375 Gujarat Utran | Gas CCGT 135 GujaratCOMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS, BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 POWER PLANT NAME CAPACITY(MW) STATE SUGEN (Torrent Power) CCT 1475 Gujarat Paguthan Gas CCGT 655 Gujarat Kawas Gas CCGT 644 Gujarat Jhanor-Gandhar Gas CPP 648 Gujarat Jamnagar RIL. Gas PP 300 Gujarat Hazira RIL Gas CHP Plant 250 Gujarat Hazira GSEG Gas CCGT 156.1 Gujarat Hazira (Essar) Gas CCGT 515 Gujarat Essar Hazira Gas CPP 32 Gujarat Dhuvaran (GSECL) Gas CCT 219 Gujarat Dhuvaran Oil GT Power Station 220 Gujarat Bhandar (Essar Hazira) Gas CCGT 500 Gujarat Vadodara Station Il (GIPCL) Gas CCGT 165 Gujrat Vadodara Station | (GIPCL) Gas CCT 14s Gujarat Faridabad NTPC Gas CCGT 430 Haryana Pampore Gas Turbine 175 Jammu and Kashmir Tanir Bavi Barge Gas CCPP 220 Kamataka Kayamkulam (Rajiv Gandhi) Gas CCPP 360 Kerala BSES Kochi Gas CCGT 167 Kerala Uran Gas CCGT 912 Maharashtra Trombay Gas CCGT 180 Maharashtra South Bassein Gas PP 152 Maharashtra Ratnagiri Ill (Dhabol) Gas CGT 740 Maharashtra Ratnagiri ll (Ohabol) Gas CCGT 740 Maharashtra Ratnagiri | (Dhabol) Gas CCGT 740 Maharashtra Karaikal Gas CCGT 33 Puducherry Ramgarh Gas CCGT 1138 Rajasthan Dholpur Gas CCGT 330 Rajasthan Anta Gas CCGT 413 Rajasthan Sai Regency CCGT Power Plant 58 Tamil Nadu Karuppur (APCL) CGT Power 198 Tamil Nadu Valuthur (Perungulam) Gas CCGT 186.2 Tamil Nadu Pillaiperumainallur Gas CCGT 3305 Tamil Nadu Kuttalam Gas CCGT India 100 Tamil Nadu Basin Bridge Gas Power Station 120 Tamil Nadu Rokhia Gas Thermal Station "4 Tripura Baramura Gas Thermal Station a Tripura Agartala Gas Turbine Power Station 84 Tripura Dadri Gas CCGT 817 Uttar Pradesh Auraiya Gas CGT 652 Uttar Pradesh ‘Aonla Gas PP 100 Uttar Pradesh ssasiT | BY SHAILESH 8, PATEL(E.. DEPARTMENT) EACOMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025 @CONCLUSION: Combine Cycle systems are efficient low cost systems that provides assurances of performance and operating objectives. Combine Cycle systems can be customized to the utility needs and preferences. They offer attractive economical reliable power generation. Operating flexibility of Combine Cycle power generating warrant their consideration for most power generation applications. @REFERANCE :- WWW, GLOBALENERGYOBSERVATORY.ORG WWW, ELECTRICALANDELECTRONICS.ORG > WWW.EN.WIKIVERSITY.ORG ‘POWER PLANT ENGINEERING (NEW_AGE_INTERNATIONAL) BY A.K. RAJA & AMIT P. SRIVASTAVA & MANISH DWIVEDI. ssasiT | BY SHAILESH 8, PATEE.c, DEPARTMENT) EI