WATER and Properties of Matter (Chapter 2)

Quickwrite: Is the water in the pictures pure? It is

more pure in one picture than another? How would
you define pure water?

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 What do you use water for?

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 What do people use water for?

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 Sometimes we use water in unexpected ways...

Here's a quandry: It takes 120 L of water to produce a 1.3 L can of

orange juice. How could that be? Think about the steps involved in
getting that orange juice to your glass. Where did the missing 118.7
L's go?

Title: Oct 4­1:55 PM (4 of 18)
 Track you water usage:
Keep a record of thoe water used in your household over a four day
period (this period must include at least one weekend day). Record
your data in a table. Ask every member in your household to
cooperate and help you so that your data is accurate.

Sample Table:

Uses Day 1                Day 2               Day 3         Day 4

Title: Oct 4­1:59 PM (5 of 18)
 Things to think about:
-- How will you measure the amount of water used?
-- How will you get your family to help? How can you
make it easier for them to record data, too?
-- Are there other ways to keep track of water
usage?

Title: Oct 4­2:05 PM (6 of 18)
 How do you distinguish water from other matter?  

Imagine that you are traveling in another country and 
you NEED water!  You are talking to someone who 
speaks English, but doesn't seem to know the word 
water?  How would describe water to them?

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 We inadvertently classify and put things in groups all the time.  Early 
scientists tried hard to categorize and group matter.  Play the role of an 
early scientist as you travel to the various stations in the room ­­ write 
the identity of the matter, then list several descriptive characteristics of 
it.

Station 1:
Rubber band

Copper wire

Wood

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 Station 2:
Vegetable oil

Vinegar

Air

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 Station 3:
Sulfur 

Charcoal 

Sugar

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 Station 4:
Zinc

Lead

Silicon

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 How would you group all the different substances you
saw? (Chapter 2.1 talks about classifying matter).

What traits did you describe? (Chapter 2.2 talks

about describing matter).

Title: Apr 8­7:35 AM (12 of 18)
 To begin this unit on water, we need to think about all stuff. The
scientific word for stuff is matter. Scientists (and you) have ways
of grouping and describing matter.

Chapter 2.1 in your textbook talks about how we classify matter.

Chapter 2.2 in your textbook talks about how we describe matter.

Read these sections and define all the vocabulary words from each
section.

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 Matter can be divided into two main categories:  
Pure substances Mixtures

In a pure substance every sample of the substance has the same 
chemical and physical properties, because the substance has a fixed 
and uniform composition.

In a mixture, the properties vary because its composition is not fixed.

Pure substances include elements and compounds.

An element is a substnace that cannot be broken down into anything 
simpler.  Every atom in an element is exactly the same.  For example, 
a smale of gold is composed of only gold atoms.  A sample of sulfur is 
composed of only sulfur atoms.

A compound is a substance made from two or more simpler 
substances (elements) that are chemically combined in a fixed 
proportion.  For example, water is made of hydrogen and oxygen, 
where each molecule has 2 H and 1 O.

Title: Oct 14­4:36 PM (14 of 18)
 The properties of a mixture can vary because the chemical composition 
of a mixture is not fixed.  There are two main types of mixtures:

Heterogeneous mixtures ­­ the different parts of the mixture are 
noticable.  For exmaple, same is herterogeneous because when you 
look at it you can see the individual and different grains of sand.

Homogenous mixtures ­­ look the same throughout

There are three other ways to categorize mixtures.
Solutions are formed when one substance dissolves in another.  
Solutions are always homogenous.  They will not settle out into distinct 
layers over time.  If you pour a solution through a filter, you will not be 
able to separate it.

Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures that settle into discrete layers 
over time.  They can be separated by using a filter.

Colloids are like solutions.  You cannot separate them using a filter and 
they do not separate over time.  But colloids have larger particles than 
solutions; their particles can scatter light.

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 Review your understanding of classifying matter by making a 
flowchart that includes the following terms:

Pure substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous 
mixture, solution, suspension, colloid, element and compound.

Title: Oct 14­4:54 PM (16 of 18)
 How did you describe the substances that you explored earlier in
the unit?

When we describe a substance based on things we can see, feel

or measure, we are describing a physical property.

Physical properties are characteristics of a material that can be

observed or measured without changing the composition of the
substance.

Title: Apr 8­12:13 PM (17 of 18)
 Some physical properties:

viscosity

hardness

luster

state/boiling & melting point

malleability

color

density

conductivity

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