PAKISTAN

TELECOMMUNICATIO
INTERNSHIP REPORT
N
COMPANY LIMITED
Submitted by: HASSAN TAHIR
Submitted to:
Department of Business Studies

PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS

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 INTERNSHIP REPORT
Masters in Business Administration

Submitted By: HASSAN TAHIR

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL)

PTCL Headquarter, Sector G-8/4, Islamabad
Tel #: +92 51 2263732
Fax #: +92 51 2263733
Website: www.ptcl.com.pk

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad

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 Acknowledgement
First of all I would like to thank ALLAH ALMIGHTY, the most
Beneficent and the most Merciful, for giving me the courage
and capability enabling us to complete this Internship report
on “Pakistan telecommunication Company Limited,
Pakistan”.

I would like to thank Mr. Khalid Daud, Senior Manager

CWIP & FA, PTCL, for allowing me to work under his
department. I would also like to thank the other staff for
sparing their valuable time from extremely busy schedule to
help me finish this report and help me to adjust in there
working environment. I would also like to thanks Mr. Naeem
Sultan, Manager, LC Branch, PTCL for providing on and off
assistance for the completion of this report.

I am also very grateful to Ms. Khushnood Zara, Assistant

Manager, CWIP & FA and MR. Shoaib Qureshi, Assistant
Manager, LC Branch for helping me & providing up-to-date
information regarding this analysis while completing this
report.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks Mr. Zafar Mueen
Nasir, Head of Business Studies (P.I.D.E), for providing me
the opportunity to work with PTCL.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Company Background........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction Of Ptcl................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Company Profile................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Business Operations............................................................................................................................................................ 14
SWOT Analysis....................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Work Description................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Fixed Asset:............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Business Capital Expenditures:...................................................................................................................................... 24
Admin Capital Expenditures:........................................................................................................................................... 24
LC Branch:............................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Duties Performed in FA & LC departments:.............................................................................................................. 33
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Annexure A – Abbreviations Used................................................................................................................................. 37

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: CATEGORIES OF shareholders.................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – HEADQUARTERS.........................................................................17
Figure 3: FINANCE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE (HEADQUARTERS).....................................................18
Figure 4: Flow of activities................................................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 5: Flow of activities................................................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 6: Deperciation table............................................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 7: Cycle of LC branch............................................................................................................................................. 29

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COMPANY BACKGROUND
From the beginnings of Posts & Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of
Pakistan Telephone & Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in
telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL
workings and policies have attracted regular criticism from other smaller operators and the civil
society of Pakistan. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and
functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan
Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. This coincided with the Government's competitive
policy, encouraging private sector participation and resulting in award of licenses for cellular,
card-operated pay-phones, paging and, lately, data communication services. Pursuing a
progressive policy, the Government in 1991, announced its plans to privatize PTCL, and in 1994
issued six million vouchers exchangeable into 600 million shares of the would-be PTCL in two
separate placements. Each had a par value of Rs. 10 per share. These vouchers were converted
into PTCL shares in mid-1996. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization)
Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. The
provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan
Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication
Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan. PTCL launched its
mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively.
None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions. Lately, however,
Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively
dissolved over the period of time. The first major product initiative taken towards a changing
PTCL during the year 2006-07, was the launch of PTCL’s Broadband service. PTCL achieved
unprecedented success in Broadband service as it added over 10,000 customers within the first
120 days of its launch. As telecommunication monopolies head towards an imminent end,
services and infrastructure providers are set to face even bigger challenges. The post-monopoly
era came with Pakistan’s Liberalization in Telecommunication in January 2003. On the
Government level, a comprehensive liberalization policy for telecom sector is in the offering.

In April 2006, Emirates Telecommunication Corporation, which is commonly known as

Etisalat, has assumed management control of Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Ltd –
part of the $2.6bn deal to buy a 26% stake in PTCL There were three participants in the bet for
privatization of PTCL. Etisalat, a Dubai based company was able to get the shares with a large
margin in the bet. When Government was going to privatize the company there was country wide
protest and strike by PTCL workers. They even disrupted Phone lines of some big Government
institutions like Punjab University Lahore and many lines of public sector were also blocked.
Military had to take over the management of all the Exchanges in the country. They arrested
many workers and put them behind bars. The contention between Government and employees
ended with a 30% increase in the salaries of workers. There have been various changes in the
company due to privatization. Such examples include the VSS (Voluntary Separation Scheme for
its employees), ERP (SAP based), restructuring, B& CC (Billing and Customer Care Software)

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etc. Another seemingly minor change was change of brand identity (logo) that will present
PTCL's new face after privatization, with greater focus on customer satisfaction and bringing
about of new advancements in telecom for Pakistani consumers.

INTRODUCTION OF PTCL
Pakistan Telecommunication Company limited (PTCL) is the largest telecommunication
service provider in Pakistan with employee strength of about 30,000 and 5.7 million customers.
PTCL also continues to be the largest CDMA operator in the country with 0.8 million V-Phone
customers. The company maintains a leading position in Pakistan as an Infrastructure Provider to
the other telecom operators and corporate customer of the country. The company provides a
variety of up-to-date home user, corporate and wholesale communication services e.g. telephony,
internet, television, video conferencing etc. The company structure is spread over the entire
country which facilitates the company in providing value added services to the customers in
every part of Pakistan. Geographically the company is divided into: Headquarters, North, South,
Central, and West Zones and functionally in Commercial, HR & Admin, Corporate
Development, Finance, Operations, Technical departments. The hierarchy of the company
comprises of the following cadres: President and CEO, Senior Executive Vice President,
Executive Vice President, General Manager, Senior Manager, Manager, Specialist, Management
Trainee and Non Management Employee. A new shift in the ownership of the company has been
taken in April 2006, when Emirates Telecommunication Corporation which is commonly known
as Etisalat, assumed management control of PTCL –part of the $2.6 billion deal to buy a 26%
stake in PTCL .The successful privatization of PTCL and consequently Ufone, is hailed in a new
era for telecommunication in Pakistan.

PTCL (Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited) is all set to redefine the

established boundaries of the telecommunication market and is shifting the productivity frontier
to new heights. Today, for millions of people, we demand instant access to new products and
ideas. More importantly we want them for their better living standards with increased values in
this ever-shrinking globe of ours. We are setting free the spirit of innovation. PTCL is the largest
telecommunication service provider in Pakistan, offering fixed line, mobile and internet services
throughout the country. PTCL is going to be your first choice in the future as well, just as it has
been over the past six decades. PTCL delivers fixed line services to over 90 percent of current
residential and corporate customers in Pakistan. In 2006, the company achieved significant
growth in its fixed line business especially through wireless local loop technology.

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PTCL S UBSIDIARY

Ufone (Pakistan Telecom Mobile Ltd) a wholly-owned subsidiary of PTCL

commenced its operations on 29th January 2001 as a GSM 900 service provider. Since the
outset, it has expanded its coverage and customer base at a rapid pace and established itself as
one of the leading cellular service providers in Pakistan. Ufone is now considered to be one of
the most active, aggressive and innovative players in the mobile sector of Pakistan.
The growth of the cellular industry is a direct result of the successful implementation of
the telecom deregulation and cellular mobile policy by the Ministry of IT and
Telecommunications (MOIT&T) and the support, guidance and timely enforcement of regulatory
process by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA).

P RIVATIZATION

The growth of the cellular sector in Pakistan can also be attributable to good
governance policies of the government of Pakistan and the Privatization Commission. In April
2006, Emirates Telecommunication Corporation, which is commonly known as Etisalat, has
assumed management control of Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Ltd – part of the
$2.6bn deal to buy a 26% stake in PTCL. The successful privatization of PTCL, and
consequently Ufone, is hailed as ushering in a new era for telecommunications in Pakistan.
Now, under the management of Etisalat, Ufone will concentrate on customer needs and
benefits and is more determined than ever to be the leading cellular player in the market. Ufone
has been known for providing superb propositions and quality service to its customers. With the
new expected investment, Ufone can now aggressively expand its network coverage.

V ISION OF PTCL

To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service Provider in the

region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholders' value'.

The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that allows global
communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for the future. By becoming
partners in innovation, we are ready to shape a future that offers telecom services that bring us
closer.

M ISSION OF PTCL

To achieve our vision by having:

 An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality
 An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious
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  Services that are based on the most optimum technology
 "Quality" and "Time" conscious customer service
 Sustained growth in earnings and profitability

C ORE V ALUES OF PTCL

 Professional Integrity
 Customer Satisfaction
 Teamwork
 Company Loyalty

C ATEGORIES OF SHAREHOLDERS

As at June 30, 2009

S.NO. PARTICULAR SHAREHOLDERS SHAREHOLDING PERCENTAGE

1 DIRECTOR, CEO & CHILDREN 5 5 -
2 NIT & ICP 9 16,961,787 0.3300
3 BANKS, DFI & NBFI 39 75,781,633 1.5000
4 INSURANCE COMPANIES 20 6,613,946 0.1300
5 MODARBA & MUTUAL FUNDS 59 113,828,026 2.2300
6 PUBLIC SECTOR Cos. & CORP. 1 54,762,639 1.0700
7 GENERAL PUBLIC (LOCAL) 44,271 98,139,481 1.9200
8 GENERAL PUBLIC (FOREIGN) 393 551,000 0.0100
9 OTHERS 301 82,595,735 1.6200
10 GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN 5 3,172,666,493 62.2100
11 FOREIGN COMPANIES 79 152,099,255 2.9800
12 HOLDING MORE THEN 10 2 1,326,000,000 26.0000

TOTAL 45,184 5,100,000,000 100

Figure 1: CATEGORIES OF shareholders

(SOURCE: ANNUAL REPORT OF PTCL JUNE, 2009)

COMPANY PROFILE
PTCL is all set to redefine the established boundaries of the telecommunication market
and is shifting the productivity frontier to new heights. Today, for millions of people, we demand
instant access to new products and ideas. More importantly we want them for their better living

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standards with increased values in this ever-shrinking globe of ours. We are setting free the spirit
of innovation.

B USINESS & C ORPORATE U SERS :

For clear communication the first choice of business circles is PTCL telephone for local,
nationwide and international calling. Today businesses can have 10-100 lines with modern day
services to meet their needs. Now you get options like Caller-ID, call-forwarding, call-waiting,
Call Barring, to name a few.

O THER BUSINESS SPECIFIC SERVICES INCLUDE :

0800-Toll free number, 0900-Preminum rate services, VPN-Virtual Private Network,

Audio Conference Service, Digital Cross Connect (DXX), ISDN (Policy), Teleplus(ISDN/BRI),
Digital Phone Facilities/ Modification Charges, UAN, UIN.

N ATIONWIDE I NFRASTRUCTURE :

PTCL has the largest Copper infrastructure spread over every city, town and village of
Pakistan with over million installed lines.
The network has over 6 million PSTN lines installed across Pakistan with more than 3
million working. Furthermore installed capacity of broadband is more than 0.6 million ports
spread across 414 cities and town of the country

N ATIONAL L ONG - HAUL C ORE N ETWORK :

PTCL has over 10,400 km fully redundant, fiber optics DWDM backbone network. It
connects over 840 cities and towns with 270G bandwidth.

C ARRIERS S ERVICES

As carriers-carrier, we provide the core infrastructure services to the cellular, LDIs, Local
Loop operators, ISPs, Call Centers and payphone operators.

PTCL provide all carrier services, right from inter-connects and telehousing to DPLC and
IPLC connectivity. Our interconnect services are provided from our 3200 exchange locations
that connect your carriers networks domestically, in addition to providing IPLC bandwidths to
connect you internationally through our four international gateways and SEA-ME-WE3 and

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SEA-ME-WE4 international submarine, also IMWE submarine cable will be added by the end of
the year.
Furthermore to provide connectivity to operators in the extreme remote areas of the
country, PTCL launched its state of the art satellite service (Skylink).
PTCL satellite service (Skylink) is provided using the Intelsat Satellite System, an
undisputed leader in satellite communications.

W HITE L ABEL S ERVICES :

PTCL customers can now provide uninterrupted services to their clients without
undertaking large scale investment in infrastructure or developing expertise in their own
network.
PTCL White Label Services are focused on speed and simplicity at minimal capex. This
will enable our customer to offer their own branded WLL, DSL etc to customers nationally,
together with an array of key support services.

EVO W IRELESS B ROADBAND

PTCL EVO 3G Wireless Broadband is Pakistan’s fastest wireless internet which offers its
customers – “superior 3G internet experience”. Evo Wireless Broadband is enabling the wireless
broadband revolution in Pakistan with flexibility to roam freely like never before. PTCL Evo has
revolutionized the way people connect to the internet by offering true mobility. PTCL Evo is
currently offering its services in more than 18 cities on EV-DO technology offering speeds up to
3.1 Mbps. PTCL Evo gives its customers the advantage of nationwide roaming with seamless
internet connectivity across Pakistan. The coverage of Evo is not limited to 18 cities as Evo
customers can enjoy CDMA-1X data rates of up to 153.6 Kbps at more than 1000 destinations
across Pakistan.

The portable, small & stylish Evo USB device is a multipurpose device which not only
delivers fastest wireless internet but can also be used for Voice Calls by inserting a Vfone SIM
and for data storage by inserting a standard Micro SD Card

B ROADBAND P AKISTAN

PTCL Broadband is the largest and the fastest growing Broadband service in Pakistan.
Since its launch on 19th May 2007, PTCL has acquired approximately 432,821 Broadband
customers in over 414 cities and towns across Pakistan, leading the proliferation and awareness
of Broadband services across Pakistan.

With its entry in this market segment, PTCL opened up a broadband culture in Pakistan,
where till a couple of years back there was very little awareness in the country about broadband
& high speed internet services. PTCL made the broadband technology affordable by lowering the

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barriers to entry, by geographically bringing the service within the reach of a common user
across Pakistan and by continuous improvements in customer care for the service.

A unique offer that makes PTCL’s Broadband unmatchable is special packages for the
student segment, one time Installation charges of Rs. 500. The installation charges are applicable
from July 1,2010, Availability of Wifi Modems, FREE dial up service for its Broadband
customers and FREE access to movies, music, classical Pakistani dramas, cricket matches, online
gaming, educational and religious content on PTCL’s entertainment portal ‘BUZZ’, (the access
to PTCL Buzz & Gaming lounge is exclusive to PTCL Broadband subscribers). PTCL also
offers multiple FREE personalized e-mail accounts exclusively to its broadband users. In
addition, PTCL recently doubled its broadband speed for all its existing and new customers at the
same price, making 1 MB as its minimum offered speed.

IPTV S ERVICE (S MART TV):

PTCL SMART TV Using its state of the art Broadband network, PTCL entered the media
sector on 14th August 2008, by launching a digital interactive television service for the first time
in Pakistan. Employing the IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) technology, PTCL brought Pakistan in
the list of a few countries across the globe that offers this state of the art interactive TV service to
its subscribers.

Branded under ‘PTCL Smart Line’, the service includes Interactive Television,
Broadband and voice telephony all at the same time on PTCL’s telephone line. Besides offering
the highest digital quality TV picture, the most revolutionary section of this offering is the ability
to ‘rewind’ and ‘pause’ live TV channels through TSTV (Time Shift Television) feature, the
ability to block / unblock any TV channel for parental lock and the ability to search through
video on demand content. Currently PTCL Smart TV offers its viewers 125 live channels and
over 500 Movie titles through its Videoon Demand service’. The service is available in 16 cities
including Karachi - Lahore - Islamabad - Rawalpindi - Gujranwala - Faisalabad - Peshawar -
Sialkot - Multan - Sargodha - Jehlum - Wah Cantt - Taxila - Hyderabad - Abbotaba and Sukkur
however it is planned to be expanded to all the major cities and towns across Pakistan during the
year 2010.

P AK I NTERNET E XCHANGE :

It is the only IP enabled network with 40 (number increase) point-of-presences (POP) in

26 cities. The existing 16G active bandwidth is used for internet, data, and video and video-
conferencing services and for voice of LDI. All PTCL Broadband users, narrow band users,
corporate, mobile operators, and ISP are connected to this network.

V- FONE :
PTCL also continues to be the largest CDMA operator in the country with approximately
1.25 million V-fone customers.

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 It offers fixed wireless telephone for your homes & business. With CDMA2000 1X
technology, ours is the largest WLL network with a capacity of 2.6M, covering over 10,000
urban & rural areas. The network is already enabled for Voice, Dialup-Internet access
(153.6kbps) and EVDO Broadband.

BUSINESS OPERATIONS

SWOT ANALYSIS
The SWOT Analysis is one of several strategic planning tools that are utilized by
businesses and other organizations to ensure that there is a clear objective defined for the project
or venture, and that all factors related to the effort, both positive and negative, are identified and
addressed. In order to accomplish this task, the process of SWOT involves four areas of
consideration: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It should be noted that when
identifying and classifying relevant factors, the focus is not just on internal matters but also
external components that could impact the success of the project.

S TRENGTH
 It is the largest and oldest telecommunication company of Pakistan.
 PTCL enjoy monopoly because PTCL has no competitor in the market
 Good market reputation in stock exchange
 Efficient chain of command. There is clarity of “who answer to whom.
 Another strength of PTCL is to offer a round the clock service
 PTCL has Strong research and development department.
 Providing landline services in the country but a Subsidiary cellular company is also
providing services in Pakistan.
 Nationwide reach
 Largest operational network and infrastructure
 24/7 service call centre to its customers to ensure their satisfaction.
 State of the Art International Gateway Exchanges

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W EAKNESS
 Lack of customer focus
 Over employment & low productivity.
 Implementation of rules and policies are not assured
 Political influence regarding hiring of employees.
 Employee skill inconsistency.
 Very low employee morale.
 Low Quality of Service.
 Customer retention.
 Political Instability, Security issues.
 lack of effective control on its employees
 Service of PTCL v-wireless is very poor.
 No proper maintenance of the installing connections.
 More Cable Breaks.

O PPORTUNITIES
 Huge market size.
 Local handset manufacturing.
 Making technology accessible to all (e.g. broadband).
 Adopt latest technologies.
 Wateen & Wi-tribe due to their advance technologies can impose a potential opportunity
on PTCL Broadband.
 Removal of international trade barriers.
 Scope for efficient/cost effective operations.
 Capture broad band internet service market.
 Employees training programs.
 Cost effective operations

T HREATS
 Exposure to market competition
 Migration to Cellular Networks
 Reduction in International Settlement Rates
 Inconsistent policies of governments regarding the nationalization
 Ability to retain qualified professionals

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 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – HEADQUARTERS

Board of
Directors

President
& CEO

CHIEF SEVP SEVP

SEVP SEVP SEVP
SEVP HR SEVP SEVP INFORMA BUSINESS BUSINESS
COMME COORPO OPERATI
&A FINANCE TECHNICAL TION ZONE ZONE
RCIAL RATE ONS
OFFICER NORTH SOUTH
Figure 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – HEADQUARTERS

SOURCE: PTCL's FINANCE & ACCOUNTING MANUAL

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 FINANCE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE (HEADQUARTERS)

SEVP FINANCE

EVP Financial EVP Financial EVP Account

EVP Revenue systems and planning and services
development treasuary

GM Asset
Management

SM corporate SM control SM Accounts

SM CWIP & FA SM Payroll
Tax payments store

Figure 3: FINANCE ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE (HEADQUARTERS)

SOURCE: PTCL's FINANCE & ACCOUNTING MANUAL

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WORK DESCRIPTION

Finance is one of the very basic and most important activities of any business. The
finance department plays the most critical role in determining the long-term objectives and
evaluating the feasibility of the business. As one of the four basic functional heads of the
Company the Member Finance generally reports directly to the Chairman. The financial
activities of PTCL have been split up into three major branches Finance, Accounts and Project
Finance with a separate head of each.

I worked as an internee in PTCL for about 6 weeks which start from July 15, 2010 to 30
August 30, 2010. During my internship I worked in Asset Management department which
comes under finance wing. My internship work is divided into two parts. First one is the
orientation which consists of two weeks in CWIP & Fixed Asset and the second part consists of
the task which I performed in the LC (Letter of Credit) Branch. During my internship I also
learn bit of SAP that is the database used by the PTCL.

SAP:
To record transactions software is used by PTCL named “SAP”. It was implemented after
privatization in PTCL. It is internationally recognized software used in most of the organizations.
There were some authorized transactions related to each individual related to each individual
employee and was only authorized to specific user in the department. I used to work with some
specific T-codes for learning of the transactions done in the software. SAP has been used as data
entry system and also for the day to day transactions related to cost and profit centers.

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SOME OF THE T- CODES USED IN SAP BY PTCL

 CJI3 - Actual Costs/Revenues

 CJ88 - Individual Processing
 S_ALR_87012004 - Total Depreciation
 AR02 - Asset History Sheet
 FAGLB03 - Display Balances (New)
 FAGLL03 - Display/Change Items (New)
 LSMW-Legacy System Migration Workbench
 CN41N-Project Info System
 CN43N-Project Info System-WBSE initial screen

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CWIP

Flow of activities

Technical wing
(Feasibility
Report)

Cap. Budgeting
& FA
(Financial
Analysis)

BOD Review
Reports

PP &
capitalization
(Creation of
project Structure
in SAP)

Region
Development
(Physical and
financial
completion of
Assets)

Figure 4: Flow of activities

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WBSE (W ORK B REAKDOWN S TRUCTURAL E LEMENT )
WBSE is the project builder in SAP. There are five levels of project creation.

N10004

Network defined by PD
7005491

Region defined
N10004.051

Mapped Asset Class

N10004.051.182

Generated Activities
7005491 0010

Figure 5: Flow of activities

At first level Project number created by project planning and capitalization. Then a Network is
defined which is a seven digit numeric code. It is created by the Project Director. In level 3 a
region code is defined. In level 4 an asset class is created in SAP. It is also created by project
planning and capitalization. At last level activity is generated by region itself.

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A CCOUNTING ENTRIES :

Step 1

a) Overhead Booking:

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

CC Element XXX
Bank XXX

b) Cash

In case of local procurement

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

7621001 XXX
Bank XXX

In case of foreign procurement

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

Vendor XXX
Bank XXX
(payment to vendor)
7621001 (Cash consumption) XXX
2201011(GRIR) XXX
(GRN done by PD)
2201011(GRIR) XXX
Vendor XXX
(Posting of invoices by manager LC)

c) STORE:

At the time of issuance

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

7621005 XXX
Store XXX

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 Step 2:

Overhead Allocation:

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

M2000999(9 GL) XXX
CC 8 GL XXX
Project XXX
M2000999(9 GL) XXX

Step 3:

a) Settlement

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

CWIP Actual GL XXX
Cash(7621001) XXX
Store(7621005) XXX
Overhead XXX

b) Capitalization of CWIP

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

Asset (Class of asset) XXX
CWIP (Class of asset) XXX
(Capitalization of CWIP)

FIXED ASSET:

All Property, Plant and Equipment shall be recorded on completion of Capital Work in
Progress. Property, Plant and Equipment that qualifies for recognition as an asset shall initially
be recorded at its cost. Those all items that are capitalized as Property, Plant and Equipment shall
be included in the FAR. An asset code shall be generated from the FAR and the asset shall be
tagged accordingly.

Asset shall be stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.
Freehold land and capital work in progress are stated at cost less any identified impairment loss.
Cost includes direct cost, related overheads, mark up and interest.

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BUSINESS CAPITAL EXPENDITURES:
I NSTALLATION OF N EW E XCHANGES :

Expenses of installation of new Exchanges are the major capital expense of PTCL
because PTCL purchases the new telephone exchanges from France, Italy, Germany and China.
Each exchange having different capacity and due which each Engineer should has to be trained
accordingly so expenses rises on purchasing of new Telephone Exchanges. This is the main
expense of PTCL.

E XTENSION O F E XISTING E XCHANGES :

The extension of the existing exchanges is the dire need as the density of the population
is increasing day by day and in order to fulfill the basic communication and fill the
communication gap PTCL has to extend its normal Telephone Exchanges in accordance with the
demand and per paid connection. So PTCL sustain heavy expenses on the extension of
exchanges.

ADMIN CAPITAL EXPENDITURES:

I NTERNAL A UDIT A ND T ECHNICAL I NSPECTION

The PTCL has sustained huge amount in context of internal audit both Accounts and Technical
from various agencies. For example M/s A.F. Ferguson & Co. and Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder &
Co. conduct both internal audit and external audit and payment made to auditors in the expenses
of the company.

A DMINISTRATION A ND C ONTROL E XPENSES

Sometime in the best interest of company, some expenses could be occurred for example if there
is need of induction of a financial analyst in one region or if there is need of an Engineer then
transfer and posting order can be issued and traveling and training expenses could be realized to
employees.

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S ALARIES O F S TAFF
The monthly salary of the staff is rest with the approval of PTCL H.Q Islamabad. PTCL is
spending lot of amount on the salaries.

P RINTING A ND S TATIONARY C HARGES

On printing of stationery PTCL spends reasonable amount.

C ONTRIBUTION I N P ROVIDENT F UND

There is also contribution in the provident fund from the PTCL.

D EPRECIATION :

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its
Useful life. Each of assets has different life time and different deprecation rate at which charge.
These are rates are pre-determined and fixed.

Depreciation / amortization of an asset begins when it is capitalized, i.e. when it is in the

location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by the
company. Thus, the costs incurred shall be depreciated / amortized over the life of the asset at the
rates of depreciation / amortization applicable to the class of asset to which the asset belongs.
Depreciation on Property, Plant and Equipment shall be charged to the profit and loss Account
using the straight line method so as to write off the depreciable cost of the assets over their
estimated useful lives at the rates given below.

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 Depreciation rate %
Class of Asset per annum
Land - Freehold -
Land - Leasehold 1-3.3
Buildings – Freehold and leasehold 2.5
Lines and wires 7
Apparatus, plant and equipment 10
Office equipment 10
Furniture and fixtures 10
Vehicles 20

Figure 6: Depreciation table

SOURCE: PTCL's FINANCE & ACCOUNTING MANUAL

A CCOUNTING ENTRIES :

Step 5:

When Depreciation is charged

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES
Depreciation Expenses XXX
Accumulated Depreciation XXX
(Recording depreciation of assets)

Step 6:
a) On disposal of assets

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

Provision for Loss on Disposal of Assets XXX
Loss on Disposal of Assets XXX
(To reverse the provision for loss on
disposal of assets at the time of actual
disposal of write off cases)
Accumulated Depreciation XXX
Loss on Disposal of Asset XXX
Bank / Cash Accounts XXX
Asset (Original cost) XXX
Gain on Disposal of Asset XXX
(Disposal of tangible assets and recording of
gain / loss on disposal)

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 b) On write off of assets

ACCOUNT HEAD DEBIT RUPEES CREDIT RUPEES

Loss on Disposal of Assets XXX
Provision For Loss on Disposal of Assets XXX
(To record the provision for loss on
disposal of assets at the time of marking assets
as write off cases)

LC BRANCH:

Letter of Credit (LC) is a written and conditional undertaking by a bank on the behalf of applicant
to the beneficiary to pay a certain amount at a certain date; if the stipulated terms and conditions are
complied with.
The process of International Trade starts with asking of importer to its bank for LC. Then
importer’s bank will be called as issuing bank. The issuing bank sends the LC to applicant bank. A bank
that receives the LC is called an advising bank because after receiving the LC, it performs the LC
advising function. A cover letter is prepared and is sent to the beneficiary of the LC, advising him his LC
has reached desired bank and he should collect it immediately. A copy of the LC is sent along with the
letter.

The main work of LC department is to make payments to its vender. The primary financial tool
used in most import/export transactions is the Letter of Credit. Letters of Credit are commonly used to
reduce credit risk to sellers in both domestic and international sales arrangements. By having a bank issue
a letter of credit, in essence, one may be substituting the bank's credit worthiness for that of the customer.
Letters of Credit are also used domestically when dealing with a small or new business.
LC means an unconditional irrevocable Letter of Credit opened by Applicant at offshore
supplier/contractor’s cost as specifies in the contract.

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Cycle of LC branch

Procurement
department
(Contract)

LC
Establishmen
t

Delivery
(Local,
Foreign)

Custom
Clearance

Payment
(Invoice, CD)

Equipment at
site

Figure 7: Cycle of LC branch

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P ROCUREMENT DEPARTMENT

The purchasing department of PTCL is known as Procurement department.

A Procurement Process is a method by which items are purchased from external
suppliers.
The procurement process does not end at the commissioning or contract award stage, but
spans the entire life cycle of the product or service from inception and design through to contract
management and disposal of any redundant assets.
After the successful bid the procurement department issues LOI to the supplier. LOI
means letter of intent issued to offshore supplier communicating formal acceptance by PTCL of
the bid.

There are three types of contracts.

Direct Purchases

Supply Contracts

Turnkey contracts

Payments shall be made after the delivery of goods or services in direct purchase.
In case of supply Contracts payments shall be made according to the terms of the
contract, after full documentation of the shipment.
In case of Turnkey projects contracts will be completely outsourced to a
contractor. In turnkey projects / contracts, it is the contractor who is Responsible for the
supply of materials, installation, testing and commissioning of Equipment. On
completion of the project / contract, the equipment or site is delivered to the company by
the contractor.
Mostly 60% payments are made on delivery of good/services, remaining 30%
payment on installation & test and the remaining 10% after commissioning/complete run,
after satisfaction.

LC E STABLISHMENT

Manager LC shall open an LC on receipt of approved PO from the Procurement or

Relevant department authorized to make procurements.
A SAP PO is generated in software named “SAP” which is used by the PTCL. From
the list of approved banks a bank is selected by the Manager and shall prepare the LC

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Opening Form on the basis of details mentioned in the PO. In PTCL Bank ALFALAH &
ALLIED BANK LIMITED are mostly used for their payments. Manager LC shall
forward the LC Opening Form along with the PO to the SM – Fixed Assets & CWIP who
is also the second authorized signatory for approval. Authorized signatories shall ensure
that LC Opening Form is in agreement with the PO. Payment of invoices and
endorsement of the documents are the responsibility of LC department. In most of the
cases LC opening charges are paid by the LC branch and all other expenses are paid by
the vender.

D ELIVERY

The delivery/installation of the Goods/equipment shall be completed by the

Contractor in accordance with the terms specified by PTCL in a contract. Condition of
the goods shall remain at the risk of the Contractor until the system is commissioned into
the service and the Provisional Acceptance Certificate (PAC) is issued.
Normally no extension will be granted for the supply of Goods and contrary to the
schedules and performance of services. However, extension in special cases may be
granted by E.V.P PTCL, subject to justification by the Contractor.
There are two portions of delivery
Local Portion

Foreign Portion

In case of Local Portion the L/C department will receive GRN that will be generated
by end user then the payment is released to the contractor. But in case of Foreign Portion
the L/C department will release payment first then it will GRN. Goods Receipt Note
(GRN) is issued by the consignee/Project Director/authorized representative certifying
receipt of equipment/goods in good order and condition.

P AYMENT :

Manager Payments shall receive the vendor invoice and related documents from the bank for
acceptance. After verification the Manager Payments shall forward a remittance request to
Senior Manager Fixed Assets & CWIP Control for approval. After approval, the Manager
Payments shall forward the remittance request to the Senior Manager Treasury.
Mostly 60% payment on delivery of good/services, remaining 30% payment on installation &
test and the remaining 10% after commissioning/complete run, after satisfaction i.e., normally
after 1 year.

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In payments different parties are involved they are called THIRD PARTY. The Third party is the
BANK. Three banks involves in this process, these are:

Negotiator Bank

Intermediately Bank

Local Bank

Negotiator Bank:
The bank of contractor/supplier/vendor is called the negotiator Bank.

Intermediately Bank:
The Bank between the Vendor’s bank and Applicant bank is Intermediate bank; there role is
coordination between them.

Local Bank:
The PTCL bank is the local bank, through which PTCL make contracts with vendors and from
whom payments is made to vendors.

C USTOM CLEARANCE

First, the invoices are received from the vendor. LC Department responsible to pay for the
outstanding invoices and payments are made through Bank. For the purpose of fulfillment of
payment, Bank endorsed the invoices and other legal documents. After receiving the invoices,
the clearing agent clears the consignment and also provides the details of charges as well as
goods delivered. G.M (M & L) provides the information to Asset Management after vetting out
rates and duties and this needs to be done within 7 days of the clearance of consignment.

Asset Management assess the Custom duty after verifying the conditions that was mentioned in
SAP P.O. Asset Management transfer the funds from National Bank to Bank Alfalah against the
assessed value of the duties on the assets. Custom duties are paid in the form of Demand Draft
(D. D) to the authorities.

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 Assessment of custom
duty after verification
Invoice Received from
of conditions in SAP
the vendor
P.O by Assets
Management
Assessment of custom
duty after verification
of conditions in SAP
P.O by Assets
Management

G.M M & L provides the

Payment of invoices &
endorsement through
Bank by LC department
details of duties other
charges to Assets
Management along with the
GD after vetting of rates &
duties within 7 days of
clearance of consignments
Transfer of funds from
National Bank to Bank
Alfalah at the assessed
values of duties by
Assets Management

M & L request the Payment of custom

Bank endorsed Invoice
& other documents
Assets Management duties to authorities
for payment of custom through DD

E QUIPMENT AT S ITE

There are two types of foreign shipments through which the consignment is delivered at site
which are,

By Sea

By Air

If the shipment is by Sea then a copy of documents vendor must send before One week
and if the shipment is by Air then vendor must send before one day.
These documents send by Vendor’s Bank to Local PTCL’s Bank which then gives to PTCL but
the payment made by PTCL through L/C banks after the Original Documents received.

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CONCLUSION
 Overall PTCL still behaves as a monopoly
 PTCL needs innovative service offerings to its customers
 PTCL should also encourage the Billing On line system that each and every
customer should have to pay his/her bill on line.
 The system of E-PAYMENT which although exist in PTCL finance system but
there is still a need of improving this facility.
 PTCL started introducing new and innovative services and products after its
Privatization of 26% shares to Etisalat.
 Complaint Department is not working properly so that department should be made
efficient.
 They are providing the services to their customer by lowering the prices and they
are the only ones who are providing the services at such a large scale.
 FEEL THE DIFFERENCE is the slogan of PTCL. They are now providing the
most innovative and advanced technologies to their customers.
 The image of PTCL being leading Telecom provider is not good in the eyes of
common customer especially there are lot of complaints about including the bogus
local calls in the monthly bills of various customers. PTCL should also provide the
detail of local calls made from any Land Line Number which would be provided
in Micro level to the customer.
 Faulty Telephone connection should be Fault Free within 24 hours in order to
maximize the Revenue, as Revenue of PTCL should sacrifice at the cost of Faulty
Telephone.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mr. Naeem, Sultan Manager LC Department
Mr. Amir, Assistant Manager
Mr. Akhlaq, Assistant Manager
Ms Zara, Assistant Manager
Mr. Shoaib, Assistant Manager
Mr. Mobeen, Assistant Manager
Company’s website - www.ptcl.com.pk
PTCL's FINANCE & ACCOUNTING MANUAL
Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited, (2009). Annual Report, Islamabad.
www.Google.com
Kse.com
PTA Reports

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ANNEXURE A – ABBREVIATIONS USED
CIO Chief Information Officer
CWIP Capital Work In Progress
Depr. Depreciation
EVP Executive Vice President
FA Fixed Asset
GM General Manager
GRN Goods Received Note
HQ Headquarters
HR & A Human Resource and Administration
LC Letter of Credit
PAT Provisional Acceptance Testing Form
PCR Project Completion Report
PD Project Director
SE Senior Engineer
SEVP Senior Executive Vice President
SM Senior Manager
SM CWIP & FA Senior Manager Capital Work In Process &
Fixed Asset

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