A Secure Spreader/ Despreader

for Code Division

Multiple Access Applications
 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is a wireless
communication technique, which uses the principle
of spread spectrum communication.

 Theintent of CDMA technology is to provide both

extended bandwidth and secured communications.

 CDMA uses these code sequences as means of

distinguishing between different users.
 In CDMA systems, a narrowband message signal is
multiplied by a spreading signal, which is a pseudo-
noise code sequence, having a rate faster than that
of the message.

 These sequences have certain useful properties like

 (i) sharp two-valued auto-correlation functions,
 (ii) balanced in number of ones and zeros and
 (iii) low cross-correlation values.
 One type of PN sequences is the maximal-length
sequences (m-sequences). M-sequences are, by
definition, the largest codes that can be generated
by a Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) .

 However the M-sequences are not immune to cross-

correlation problems, and may have large cross-
correlation values.
A decimal sequence is obtained when a number is
represented in a decimal form in a base r and it may
terminate, repeat or be a-periodic.
 Decimal sequences provide good cross-correlation
and enhanced auto-correlation properties, in
addition to the high privacy, so they can replace
pseudorandom sequences.
 There are no restrictions on the number of
generators to be used and this is considered as a
high benefit that can be added to the D-sequence
advantages.
 Implementation: spreading and despreading

process in CDMA
 Coding language: VHDL

 Simulation tool: ModelSim

 Hardware Implementation: Xilinx Spartan 3

 Software Tool: Xilinx ISE