Digital Transmission and radio communication

ASSGINMENT pno:8810018393

BANDPASS MODULATION

1. Plot the average probability of symbol error ( Pe ) as a function of ( Eb / N o ) (in dB’s) of binary phase shift keying(BPSK)
and binary frequency shift keying(BFSK) modulation formats. Both graphs should be drawn on the same figure
the Eb / N o should be varied from 0 : 16 dB’s in steps of 1 dB (or smaller).

Figure showing both BPSK and BFSK

 a) For a fixed Eb / N o of 10 dB , shown on the figure and also write the corresponding values of symbols error rates for
both modulation formats. State which modulation technique is achieves the best symbol error rate performance and
why?

Ans ) BPSK is the best modulation technic achieves best symbol error performance because in bpsk the information is
stored in the phase of the transmitted signal but were as in bfsk it is stored in frequence so the noise can easily effect the
frequence of the signal but it cant effect phase easily.

b) For a fixed Pe of 10−6 , show on the figure and also write corresponding Eb / N o value required to achieves this Pe .
Which system performs better and why?
The values of the corresponding Eb / N o of both modulation formats for a fixed Pe of are given below

For BPSK Pe of 10−6 , the value of Eb / N o is 10.50 dB .

For BFSK Pe of 10−6 , the value of Eb / N o is 13.50 dB .

In above case of Pe of 10−6 the value of Eb / N o of BFSK is more than BPSK so BPSK performs better
 c) Calculate ,by hand, the energy per bit required for a BFSK to achieve a Pe of 10−4. Assume a noise power spectral
density N 0/2 of 10−10 W/Hz.

Sol: Given Pe =10−4 and N 0/2=10−10 W/Hz

BFSK average probability of symbol error

Pe =1/2*(erfc(√ ( Eb /2 N o)))

By substituting the values we get

10−4=1/2*(erfc(√ ( Eb /2 N o)))

2*10−4= erfc(√ ( Eb /2 N o))

=> √ ( Eb /2 N o)=2.7

( Eb /2 N o)=7.29

But we have

N 0/2=10−10 => N 0 =2*10−10

From the above equation we have

Eb =14.58 N 0=14.58*2*10−10 =29.16*10−10 joules

The energy per bit required for a BFSK to achieve Pe of 10−4 is 29.16*10−10 joules

2) What are bandwidth requirements of BPSK and BFSK , respectively ?

2 M
Bandwidth of BPSK = bandwidth of BFSK=
T 2T

HERE T is the symbol duration. M is the no of symbols.

T =Tb log 2 m
 3)What is the effect of increasing the number for symbols on Pe for M-ary PSK modulation formats?

0
10
m=8
-1
10 m = 16
m=64
-2
10

-3
10

-4
BER

10

-5
10

-6
10

-7
10

-8
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Eb/N0 (dB)

M increases the probability error also increases because detection of signal at receiver is difficult.

The Eb/No values increases.

the usage of bandwidth will also increased