Chapter 2

Linear Equation with 2 variables

2x + 3y = 12

Example 2

a) 3x + 2.5y = 120
b) 3x + 2.5 (30) = 120
x = 15
c) 3x + 2.5y = 120
x=0
3 (0) + 2.5 y = 120
y = 48
 Exercise 2.1
Q.24
X = Number of units of product A produced daily
y = Number of units of product B produced daily

a) 3x + 5y = 150
b) 3x + 5 (25) =150
x= 25/ 3 = 8.33 units
c) 3x + 5 (12) =150
x= 90/ 3 = 30 units/ day
30 x 5 = 150 / week
Q. 25
a) 8x + 24y + 16 z = 120
b) If only one type of food is served:
x = 15 ounce
y= 5 ounce
z = 7.5 ounce

Q. 26
a) 120X1 +300X2 +250X3 + 500X 4 = 60000
b) X1 =500
X2 =200
X3 = 240
X4 = 120
Q.29
X = number of buses bought
Y = number of cars bought
Z = number of miles of road repaved

a) 150000x + 180000y + 250000z = 100,000,000

b) 150000 ( 100) + 180000 ( 200) + 250000z = 100,000,000
z = 196 miles
c) I f spent in only one thing :
X = 666 Buses
y = 555 cars
z = 400 miles
 Exercise 2.2
X intercept
The point where the graph of an equation crosses the x axis.
Y=0
Y intercept
The point where the graph of an equation crosses the y axis.
X=0

Slope of Line
The rate of change in value of y, w.r.t change in value of x
Slope can be positive , negative , zero, undefined.
Slope = ∆ y = y2 – y1
∆ X x2 – x 1
Definition
The change in the value of Y if X increases by 1 unit
Q.1
3x- 4y = 24
X intercept = (8, 0)
Y intercept = (0, -6)

Q.9
-8x + 5y = -20
X intercept = (2.5, 0)
Y intercept = (0, -4)
Q.13
15y- 90 = 0
X intercept = No X intercept
Y intercept = (0, 6)

Q. 37
Solution ??????

Q. 38
Slope = ∆ y = y2 – y1 = -8 -8 = 4 Ans
∆X x2 – x 1 -2 -2
 Exercise 2.3
General Form
ax + by = k

Slope Intercept Form

Y = mx + k
m= Slope
K = y intercept

Q3.
4x – 3y = 18 Slope = 4/ 3
-3y = 18 – 4x y intercept = (0, -6)
Y = 18/-3 – 4x/-3
Y = 4x/3 - 6
Q. 25
n= 29.6 + 1.20t
a) Graph
b) Slope = 1.20 ; y intercept = (0, 29.6)
c) ???????
d) 1995
t = 14
n = 46.4 million women

2000
t = 19
n = 52.4 million women
Q.25 C

Slope is the change in “n” w.r.t 1 unit change in t

(time), here 1.2 million women would be added in
labor force each year.

Y intercept tells that in 1981 there are 29.5 million

women in the labor force. ( t= 0)
Q. 26
p= 275000 + 7500t
a) Graph
b) Slope = 7500 ; y intercept = (0, 275000)
c) ???????

NOTE: Slope = 7500 Slope =/= 7500t

Q. 27
C= 5/9 F – 160/9
d) Slope = – 160/9 ; y intercept = (0, 5/9)
e) ???
f) C= 5/9 F – 160/9
C +160/9 = 5/9 F
9/5 C + (9/5)160/9 = F
F= 9/5 C + 32
Q. 28
c= 1200 – 12.5p

a) Slope = 12.50 by placing one more officer 12.5 crimes are

reduced.
b) c intercept = (0, 1200) if there is no officer there would be
1200 crimes
c) p intercept = (96, 0) if there are 96 officers there would be
no crime.
Q. 31 3x+ 4.5y = 150
y = – 2/3 x + 33 1/3
a) Slope = – 2/3 by producing one more unit of x, 2/3 units of y would
be reduced.
b) y intercept = (0, 33 1/3) if there is no unit of x is produced 33 1/3 units
of y can be produced
c) x intercept = (50, 0) if there is no unit of y is produced 50 units of x
can be produced
Q. 32
2.4x+ 3.5y = 15000
y = – .685x + 4285.7
d) Slope = – .685 by buying one more share of x, 0.685 shares of y
would be reduced.
e) y intercept = (0, 4285.7) if no share of x is purchased , 4285.7 shares
of y can be purchased
f) x intercept = (6256.5, 0) if no share of y is purchased , 6256.5 shares
of x can be purchased
Slope & One Point

Y= mX+ c
Point slope formula
y- y1 = m ( x- x1)

If slope is -2 , y intercept (0 , 10)

y- 10 = -2 ( x- 0)
y = -2x + 10 Ans

If slope is 3 , y intercept (2 , 8)
y- 8 = 3 ( x- 2)
y = 3x + 2 Ans
• Parallel Lines
two lines are parallel if they have same slope

• Perpendicular Lines
two lines are perpendicular if the slope of one line is the
negative reciprocal of the slope of the other line
m2 = -1/m1
 Exercise 2.4
Q2. slope is 4 , y intercept (0 , -5)
y- 5 = 4( x- 0)
y = 4x + 5 Ans

Q. 9 slope is 3/2 , lies on (-5 , -8)

y + 8 = 3/2 ( x + 5)
y = 3/2x -1/2 Ans

Q.17 slope is undefined , lies on (-3 , -5)

means a vertical line,
x = -3 Ans
 Exercise 2.4
Q21. (-4, 5) and ( -2 , -3)
m= y2 – y1
x2 – x1
m = -3 – 5
-2 + 4
m = -8/ 2
m = -4
Now,
y- 5 = -4( x+4)
y-5 = -4x – 16
y = -4x - 11 Ans
Q31. (2, -4) and parallel to the line 3x-4y = 20

-4Y = -3X + 20
Y = 3/4X + 20/ -4
Y= 3/4X - 5
m= ¾

Now, We know that parallel lines have same slope.

So,
y+ 4 = 3/4( x-2)
y+4 = 3/4x –3/2
y = 3/4x –11/2
Q35. (-8, -4) and perpendicular to the line 8x-2y = 0

-2Y = -8X + 0
Y = 8/2X + 0
Y= 4X
m= 4 ; Y Intercept = (0, 0)

Now, We know that perpendicular lines have negative reciprocal

slope.
So,
y+ 4 = -1/4( x + 8)
y+4 = -1/4x –2
y= -1/4x –6
Q37. Data(0,18000) and (1, 14500)
A) m= y2 – y1
x2 – x1
m = (14500 – 18000)/ (1-0)
m = -3500
so,
V-18000 = -3500( t -0)
V= -3500t + 18000

B) Slope = -3500 , means each year the value of machine would

be declined by Rs. 3500 or annual dep. Is 3500
V intercept ; when machine was purchased ( t=0), the value
was 18000.
C) V -18000 = -3500t
t = -v / 3500 + 18000/3500
t = -1/3500 V + 5.14
in 5.14 years or 5 years the value of machine would be 0
Q.38
(1,84000 ), (5, 36000)

Q.39
(5,41 ), (25, 77)

Q.40
(6,11.32 ), (9,12.04)

Q. 41
(5,41 ), (25, 77)