Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
countries formulate their own dishes and improve its cultivation for a higher
extensively used in the field of science and medicine, since they are looking
nutrient that gives a more healthy body and free from diseases. It is also
crop growing because of the season they have that perfectly fits on ampalaya.
and subtropical countries for the most parts in Asia. While in the United States,
it is not totally known by the said country. A different country in Asia, Africa
and other parts of the Carribean cultivate the ampalaya for a more or less 90
days, from month of April till September. But, the preeminent season for
The proponents came up with this study to be able to create a basis for
product development of ampalaya. This study will help improve the use of
ampalaya in the field of culinary artistry and make the most of the dishes that
maybe created from it. Systematic discussions and reviews will be the basis of
the study to regenerate the use of amapalaya in the food and beverage
industry.
Foreign Literature
According to Oshima, the staff writer of “Taking the bitter with the
sweet”, that for a long time, however, farmers on the mainland Japan grew it
only to shade their gardens from the sun, and its usage as a foodstuff was
limited to southern Kyushu and Okinawa, where the hot summer weather
dishes such as goya champuru (stir-fry of bitter gourd with tofu, egg and other
vegetable. The gourd's popularity has also been accelerated by the well-
much higher than many vitamin C-rich vegetables and fruits. Scientific data
has shown this extremely rich vitamin content is not lost with heating.
Production has more than doubled from 2,700 tons in 1990, to 6,000 tons in
1997, most of which is shipped to the mainland. The vegetable's best season
is June to August -- the bitter flavor increases as its nutritional levels peak.
According to Yaedake, the staff writer of “Taking the bitter with sweet”
shelves, including goya sherbet, goya juice and dried goya. Goya tea made by
drying and roasting sliced bitter gourd picked in its peak season, is also
popular.
lengthwise, discard the seeds and fibrous core, and then slice into half-moons.
tempura or in a salad with sweetened vinegar or soy sauce and dried bonito
distant cousin). The plant’s seeds, vines and leaves are edible, but the melon
itself is most often the key ingredient. At first, its bitterness may be concealed
by the richness of fried batter (heat cooking) or the saltiness of black bean
sauce or the spiciness of curry, but then it comes into its own, first at the back
and sides of the tongue and then, more lingeringly, on the palate.
stew from the north. In China, it is called ku gua and stuffed with pork and
in the national dish champuru, which consists of pork (or Spam), tofu and
bittermelon, it’s also made into beer, chips, candy and tea. There is even a
mechanism. Many familiar and appealing foods are inherently bitter: radicchio,
when properly prepared and in combination with the right ingredients, the
bitterness acts like a catalyst, bringing out the sweetness of other ingredients;
it can cut through greasy and fatty foods, take the sting out of hot foods and
huge numbers, but still, a lot of people are eating the stuff. It seems to me that
bitter melon grows in tropical areas, including parts of the Amazon, East
Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, and is cultivated throughout South America
leaves and yellow, solitary male and female flowers borne in the leaf axils. The
fruit looks like a warty gourd, usually oblong and resembling a small
ripe. At maturity, the fruit splits into three irregular valves that curl backwards
The Latin name Momordica means "to bite," referring to the jagged edges of
the leaves, which appear as if they have been bitten. All parts of the plant,
diabetes, but it can help control the disease. The action of ampalaya on blood
sugar is equivalent to the action of the medicine. In response to the study, the
Department of Health (DoH) has elevated the status of ampalaya from a mere
together with other recipes. Mixing the chopped ampalaya with eggs can turn
its taste delightful to the taste buds and at the same time reaping the many
diameter, cut into 5 to 7 lobes. The male and female yellow flowers are about
15 millimeters long, long-stalked with pairs of small leaf like bracts at middle or
toward base of stalk. The fruit is fleshy and green, oblong with pointed ends,
ribbed and wrinkled, bursting when mature to release seeds. Seeds are flat
higher altitudes. Wild forms are found in wastelands at low and medium
altitudes. In the Philippines, both the wild (small, ovoid and bitter fruit) and the
cultivated form (with elongated and oblong fruit) are eaten. The fruit of the wild
form is usually roasted over fire and eaten with salt. That of the cultivated form
Analyses of the fruit show that it is a good source of iron and calcium,
and a good source of phosphorus. The fruit and leaves are also excellent
sources of vitamin B (sometimes the tender shoots and the leaves are eaten
as a vegetable aside from the fruit). It has twice the amount of beta carotene
in broccoli and twice the calcium content of spinach. Despite its bitter taste,
extracts from plant parts has become a popular drink for boosting vigor. In
fact, the more bitter, the better, as it is believed that the bitterness is
________________________________________
Olivarez College
_______________________________________
______________________________________
By
Francisco, Edna-lyn F.
March 2011
REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
Local Literature
Research Institute (FNRI) in 1980, fruits and shoots have high leads of vitamin
value.
The leaves and leaf buds of the ampalaya or parya are crushed and
moistened with coconut oil. The crushed moistened leaves are wrapped with
clean cloth is the form of a nipple to be sucked by new-born babies. The folk
compounds essential In teeth and bone formation and ossification, this native
practice is encouraged but care should be taken in its preparation. The leaves
should be washed thoroughly and the cloth used for wrapping the pounded
ripe seeds can be used as decoration taken in large quantities for a number of
days as abortive agent and checks urethral discharge. The tops, leaves and
fruits are usually eaten in raw or cooked form. The fruit can be fried with eggs
and served for breakfast. It is usually used as one of the mixtures in the known
are prepared or cooked with pork, beef or fish and saved as a special menu
for customers.
Aside from being used for human consumption, the leaves are also
good for the treatment of skin diseases. Like ringworm and Tina Flara. Medical
stomachache.
Mainly a warm season plant, bitter gourd thrives in hot and humid
medium for the seeds is a fertile, well drained soil with a pH ranging from 5.5
to 6.7, enriched with organic matter, such as compost or dried manure. But it
will tolerate any soil that provides a good drainage system. The soil must be
Two or three seeds can be sown together in a pit ½ inch deep. Water
lighty. For better results, soak the seeds in water 24 hours before sowing. The
seeds will germinate in 2-3 days. The germinated seeds can be replanted on
raised beds 18-20 inches apart. Transplants should be done in such a way as
to avoid disturbance to the root system. As the plants grow, place poles 2m
high and give wire or twine supports in rows across the poles.
Regular watering with plenty of water is essential for its growth. Flowers
will start appearing in 5-6 weeks and fruition will occur between two to four
months. Mature fruits are ready to be picked within 3 months from planting
and they will be light green and juicy with white flesh but bitter. Pick the fruits
every 2-3 days when they are still at the tender stage. Regular picking is
important as fruits will become more bitter as they mature and it can also
Leave some fruits to reach full maturity is they have to be reserved for
subsequent crops. When fully mature, the fruits will break open on its own and
Production Statistics
Total production volume in 1997 was 43,043 with the biggest growers in
Regions II & IV. These are generally two types being grown: the Sta. Rita,
which is long, dark green & less warty; and the pinakbet type, which is short,
small, warty and very bitter. The pale and white varieties popular in other
following matters:
• The distinctive factor of ampalaya from the other fruits and vegetables.
• The role bitterness that can help bring a dish into balance and
diseases.
The different views of the review of related literature and studies of ampalaya
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• When the bitter gourd is soaked in salt solution the salt solution will
draw out water from the bitter gourd through osmosis. Together with the
(hypertonic)
2. This means that the bitter gourd can be considered as hypotonic and
3. So the water will move due to osmosis from the hypotonic condition to
4. Movement of water from the bitter gourd will also carry with it the bitter
* Soaking in salt solution can only reduce but not eliminate the bitterness in
bitter gourd because only a certain percentage of water will be removed from
the bitter gourd which means that only some of the bitter alkaloids compound
period of soaking for the bitter gourd in the salt solution is only for a short
The experiment was carried out three times at different locations by all the
group mates. With the bitter gourd that was not soaked with salt water as (A)
and the bitter gourd that had been pre-soaked in salt water for 5 minutes
labelled as (B). Both (A) and (B) were cooked in the same manner.
Before soaking the bitter gourd
Result: From the sensory evaluation that was carried out by all the
group mates, the result was calculated and a total of 84% agreed that the
bitterness in bitter gourd (B) had been reduced compared to bitter gourd (A).
However 16% of the panels for the sensory evaluation feel that the bitterness
Excessive consumption of bitter gourd and bitter gourd dishes may lead
to diarrhea. Diabetic patients should consult their doctor before starting the
• Bitter gourds can be easily stored in the refrigerator for up to 3-4 days.
gourd.
• Leftover bitter gourd dishes can also be kept in refrigerator and should
salt solution can also help for longer storage of bitter gourd. This is achieved
gourd.
Methods
An experiment on bitter gourd was conducted placed the bitter gourd for
storage.
i) Bitter gourd (A) turns into yellowish brown in color and shrink
ii) Bitter gourd (B) however remains its structure and color.
that cause browning reaction thus preventing browning in bitter gourd. The salt
also helps to preserve the bitter gourd so that it will last longer for storage
purpose.
Conceptual Paradigm
General Objective
Specific Odjectives
following benefits:
o Medicine
o Health
o Culinary
o Medicine
o Health
o Culinary
The study was limited to determine the contents of ampalaya that make
it bitter, the factors why people never like to eat ampalaya, and to help
understand its importance and provide the significance of this study to society.
degree. This study will be a great help and good as a reference for
every student who will also experience doing research on their college
degree.
programs, events and activities for their locality, they will disseminate
• Health, Science & Medicine – for the last years and incoming years of
the use of different plants for the better benefits and contributions.
Definition of Terms
Pit. The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and
trees.
for consumption.
its behavior.
developing from a three-part inferior ovary with many seeds attached to the
later stages of mammalian gestation, that forms the first faces of the newborn
METHODOLOGY
gathering the data of this study. It interpreted and described the existing
Research Design
The research method used was descriptive; qualitative in order for the
• Books
• Other dissertations
• Articles
• Internet
The following research instruments aided the researchers to
the group was the foundation of this study. Significantly, other thesis
were viewed relevant in this study due to its similarities and differences.
Research Instrument
tools like literature and other available information. Research instruments led
to the breakthrough of answers and compliance that was justified in this study,
the research instruments of this study. Moreover, information from the internet
also helped complete this study. The researchers had brain storming and
browsed facts and data about ampalaya and discussed it for the study.
CHAPTER 3
General Objective
The best season of ampalaya is throughout the year, that’s why the
mainly in Southeast Asia. It is also believed that the variety of ampalaya in the
Philippines is the most potent among all varieties in the different native tropics.
Dishes according to soup, entrée and other main courses and salad has been
made as the ampalaya to be the main ingredient, and this study guided the
snack, beverage, and another salad . The following are the recipes for the
(Snack/Appetizer)
The ingredients will be: 2 pcs Ampalaya, 3 to 4 Eggs, half cup of Flour,
240 ml Water. 60 ml Cooking Oil, pinch of Salt and pepper, for flavoring:
of serving.)
Procedures:
1. Slice the ampalaya into lengthwise, remove the seeds, make sure the
2. Place it on a bowl with a mix of water and salt. Leave it for about one
(1) hour. After an hour, blanch the slices of ampalaya to preserve the
3. Mix the egg and flour, and then mix ampalaya. Add a pinch of salt and
Recipe of ampalaya coolee shake, the ingredients will be: 1 pc. Ampalaya,
crushed ice.
Procedures:
• Wash and de-seed the ampalaya. Cut into thin slices. Place in a
• Put the ampalaya juice back into the blender with the calamansi or
dalandan juice, sugar syrup and ice. Blend until well mixed.
Specific Objectives
o Medicine
Medicinal value: Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Folic Acid,
The analysis of the ampalaya (its fruit and leaves) shows that it is a
good source of: Vitamins and Minerals, good for new born babies, hardens the
responsible for its blood sugar lowering effect, body detoxification (including
o Health
Ampalaya has been a folkloric cure for generations, but it has been proven
Cough, HIV. Bitter gourd contains various essential vitamins and minerals that
provide several health benefits. Some of the common health benefits obtained
from bitter gourd dishes are as follows: The juice of bitter gourd is a very
cancers and infections can be cured by the consumption of bitter gourd juice.
Aliments like constipation, piles and psoriasis can be effectively treated with
the use of bitter gourd. Even leaves of bitter gourd are also used in the
o Culinary
concentration as the fruit ages on the vine), distinct physical structure: ribbed
help bring a dish into balance and strengthen its character, its bitterness can
cut through greasy and fatty foods, it takes the sting out of hot foods. it adds
intensity to a sauce, the young shoots and leaves of ampalaya may be eaten
as greens, pure ampalaya juice can also be a nutritional drink for a boost of
of side dishes as well as main dishes. Some appetizers and snacks are also
popularly made with bitter gourd. With crunchy and watery flesh, bitter gourd is
a highly popular ingredient in Asian salads and side dishes. Bitter gourd
dishes typically include stir-fried and soup recipes. Various bitter gourd curry
recipes are quite popular for their health benefits. Steamed bitter gourd dishes
make a popular addition to the culinary uses of the fruit. Variety of pickles are
also prepared with bitter gourd and fondly eaten as condiment. Raw slices of
this fruit are also added to some of the bitter gourd dishes such as soups and
salads. The taste enhances that are usually added to bitter gourd recipes are
onion, tomato, coriander powder and mango powder. The oblong shape and
hollow interior makes bitter gourd an excellent vegetable for stuffing purposes.
Beef, pork or even potato mixture can be stuffed to make delectable stuffed
Summary
The history and the origin of bitter gourd are not known except from the
fact that this bitter fruit is a native of tropical and subtropical regions. The
cultivation of bitter gourd is widely grown is widely done in India and the Indian
subcontinent. Countries like China and Africa are also popular for the
were able to gather the profile, history and cultivation of ampalaya in the best
season of the year, in the different native countries of Asia, its effectiveness in
a culinary dish, and its great contribution in the field of medicine and science.
This study also showed theories and concepts upon the experiments of
ampalaya and it brings an important role in our health. Such theories and
form and may help the readers also to develop their own dish.
At the end of this study, aside from soup, main course, other entrees
and salads which was made from ampalaya as the main ingredient, this study
Conclusions
• Medicine
of ampalaya (its fruit and leaves) showed that it is a good source of: vitamins
and minerals, good for new born babies, hardens the bone of the babies. It
contains a hypoglycemic polypeptide, plan has insulin responsible for its blood
• Health
maintain one’s health. Ampalaya has been a folkloric cure for generations, but
it has been proven now to be an effective herbal medicine for many ailments.
tested by many research clinics and laboratories worldwide. In our country, the
problems, Skin diseases, Cough, HIV. Bitter gourd contains various essential
vitamins and minerals that provide several health benefits. Some of the
Common health benefits obtain from bitter gourd dishes are as follows: The
juice of bitter gourd is very effective blood purifier. For diabetic patients, bitter
bitter gourd juice. Ailments like constipation, piles and psoriasis can be
effectively treated with the use of bitter gourd. Even leaves of bitter gourd are
also used in the effective treatment of alcoholism. The bitter the ampalaya the
• Culinary
makes it unique content among other edible food. Throughout the year is the
best season of ampalaya. The Filipino variety of ampalaya is the most potent
ampalaya can help bring a dish into balance and strengthen its character, its
bitterness can cut through greasy and fatty foods. It takes the sting out of hot
foods; it adds intensity to a sauce, the young shoots and leaves of ampalaya
may be eaten as greens, pure ampalaya juice can also be a nutritional drink
of side dishes as well as main dishes. Some appetizers and snacks are also
popularly made with bitter gourd. With crunchy and watery flesh, bitter gourd is
highly popular ingredients in Asian salads and side dishes. Bitter gourd dishes
typically include stir-fried and soup recipes. Various bitter gourd curry recipes
are quite popular for their health benefits. Steamed bitter gourd dishes make a
popular addition to the culinary uses of the fruit. Variety of pickles are also
prepared with bitter gourd and fondly eaten as condiment. Raw slices of this
fruit are also added to some of the bitter gourd dishes such as soup and
salads. The taste enhancers that are usually added to bitter gourd recipes are
onion, tomato, coriander powder and mango powder. The oblong shape and
hollow interior makes bitter gourd are excellent vegetable for stuffing
purposes. Beef, pork or even potato mixture can be stuffed to make delectable
stuffed bitter gourd dishes. No matter how many times you wash ampalaya,
• Stuffed – The oblong shape of bitter gourd is ideal for stuffing purposes.
• Boiled – Bitter gourd is often boiled and used to make various soup
dishes.
• Curried – Curry bitter gourd recipes are quite popular in South Indian
cuisine.
Recommendations
everyone:
artistry.
• It must also be acknowledged, its importance and contribution in our
more of the advancement of the recipe that will lead people to the
healthier future.
different dish.
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