Chemistry Level) (CIE) Paper 3

Candidate
Centre Number Number
Candidate Name
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
CHEMISTRY 9701/3
PAPER 3 Practical Test
MAY/JUNE SESSION 2002
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the question paper.
Additional materials:
As listed in Instructions to Supervisors
TIME 1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You are advised to show all working in calculations.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.
Qualitative analysis notes are printed on pages 6 and 7.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
TOTAL
This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

SP (NF) S25943/2
http://www.xtremepapers.net
© CIE 2002 [Turn over
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 FA 1 is a metal carbonate, XCO3.
FA 2 is 2.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, HCl.
The carbonate and acid react according to the following equation.
XCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → XCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
The enthalpy change, ∆H, for this reaction is –59.5 kJ mol–1.
You are required to determine the temperature rise when a known mass of the solid
carbonate, XCO3, is added to an excess of hydrochloric acid and to use your results to
calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of the metal X.
Experiment 1
(a) Weigh the weighing bottle.

Add between 3.30 g and 3.50 g of FA 1 to the weighing bottle and accurately weigh the
bottle and contents. Record this mass in Table 1.1 below.
(b) Place the plastic cup inside a 250 cm3 beaker. Using the measuring cylinder provided
add 50.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid, FA 2, to the plastic cup.
Measure the initial temperature of the acid in the cup and record this in Table 1.2 at the
top of page 3.
Empty the contents of the weighing bottle into the acid and stir gently with the
thermometer. Record the maximum temperature achieved when the solid has reacted
with the acid in Table 1.2 at the top of page 3.
Reweigh the empty bottle, which may contain some residual FA 1 and record this value
in Table 1.1 below.
Experiment 2
(c) Repeat parts (a) and (b) using a clean dry plastic cup, fresh FA 1 and fresh FA 2.
Table 1.1 Mass of FA 1.
Expt 1 Expt 2
Mass of weighing bottle + FA 1 / g
Mass of weighing bottle + residual FA 1 / g
Mass of FA 1 added to acid / g
[2]
(d) Calculate the average of the two masses of FA 1 used in Experiment 1 and
Experiment 2.
9701/3/M/J/02
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Table 1.2 Temperature changes.
Expt 1 Expt 2
Maximum temperature achieved / °C
Initial temperature of FA 2 / °C
Temperature rise / °C
[1]
Accuracy [8]
(e) Calculate the average temperature rise for Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.
(f) Using the average temperature rise from (e) calculate the amount of heat produced by
the reaction in the plastic cup.
(Assume that 4.3 J are required to raise the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of the solution
by 1.0 °C)
[1]
(g) Using your answer to (f) and the ∆H value for the reaction calculate how many moles of
FA 1 have reacted.
[1]
(h) Using the average mass of FA 1 calculated in (d) and your answer to (g) calculate the
relative atomic mass, Ar, of the metal X.
[Ar; C, 12.0; O, 16.0.]
[2]
[Total 15]
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4 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 The solution FA 3 contains one cation and two anions from the following list: (Al 3+, NH4+,
Ba2+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+; CO32–, CrO42–, Cl –, Br–, I –,
NO3–, NO2–, SO42–, SO32–.).
In all tests, the reagent should be added gradually until no further change is observed,
with shaking after each addition.
Record your observations and the deductions you make from them in the spaces
provided.
Your answers should include
• details of colour changes and precipitates formed,
• the names of gases evolved and details of the test used to identify each one.
You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs, writing any
deductions you make alongside the observations on which they are based.
Marks are not given for chemical equations.

No additional or confirmatory tests for ions present should be attempted.
Candidates are reminded that definite deductions may be made from tests where
there appears to be no reaction.
Test Observations [5] Deductions [4]
(a) Place 4 cm depth of

FA 3 in a boiling-
tube and add the
contents of the tube
labelled sodium
carbonate
(b) Place 1 cm depth of

FA 3 in a test-tube
and add an equal
depth of dilute nitric
acid.
Add aqueous
barium nitrate.
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5 For
Examiner’s
Use
Test Observations Deductions
(c) Place 1 cm depth of

FA 3 in a test-tube
and add an equal
depth of dilute nitric
acid.
Add aqueous silver

nitrate,
followed by dilute
aqueous ammonia.
(d) Place 2 cm depth of

FA 3 in a test-tube
and add dilute
sodium hydroxide.
(e) Place 2 cm depth of

FA 3 in a test-tube
and add dilute
aqueous ammonia.
(f) Place 2 cm depth of

FA 3 in a test-tube
and add dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Summary
The cation present in FA 3 is ……………
The anions present in FA 3 are …………… and ……………

[1]
[Total 10]

6
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS NOTES
[Key: ppt. = precipitate]
1 Reactions of aqueous cations
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)
aluminium, white ppt. white ppt.

Al 3+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess
ammonium, ammonia produced on heating
NH4+(aq)
barium, no ppt. (if reagents are pure) no ppt.

Ba2+(aq)
calcium, white ppt. with high [Ca2+ (aq)] no ppt.
Ca2+(aq)
chromium(III), grey-green ppt. soluble in excess grey-green ppt.
Cr3+(aq) giving dark green solution insoluble in excess
copper(II), pale blue ppt. blue ppt. soluble in excess
Cu2+(aq) insoluble in excess giving dark blue solution
iron(II), green ppt. green ppt.
Fe2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
iron(III), red-brown ppt. red-brown ppt.
lead(II), white ppt. white ppt.
Pb2+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess
magnesium, white ppt. white ppt.
Mg2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
manganese(II), off-white ppt. off-white ppt.
Mn2+(aq) insoluble in excess insoluble in excess
zinc, white ppt. white ppt.
Zn2+(aq) soluble in excess soluble in excess
[Lead(II) ions can be distinguished from aluminium ions by the insolubility of lead(II) chloride.]
9701/3/M/J/02
7
2 Reactions of anions
ion reaction
carbonate, CO2 liberated by dilute acids
CO32–
chromate(VI), yellow solution turns orange with H+ (aq);

CrO42– (aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+ (aq);
gives bright yellow ppt. with Pb2+ (aq)
chloride, gives white ppt. with Ag+ (aq) (soluble in NH3 (aq));
Cl – (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+ (aq)
bromide, gives cream ppt. with Ag+ (aq) (partially soluble in NH3 (aq));
Br – (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+ (aq)
iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+ (aq) (insoluble in NH3 (aq));
I– (aq) gives yellow ppt. with Pb2+ (aq)
nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH– (aq) and Al foil
NO3– (aq)
nitrite, NH3 liberated on heating with OH– (aq) and Al foil,
NO2– (aq) NO liberated by dilute acids
(colourless NO → (pale) brown NO2 in air)
sulphate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+ (aq) or with Pb2+ (aq) (insoluble in excess
SO42– (aq) dilute strong acid)
sulphite, SO2 liberated with dilute acids;
SO32– (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+ (aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases
gas test and test result
ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue

carbon dioxide, CO2 gives a white ppt. with limewater
(ppt. dissolves with excess CO2)
chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 ‘pops’ with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint
sulphur dioxide, SO2 turns potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to green
9701/3/M/J/02
8
BLANK PAGE
9701/3/M/J/02
Centre Number Candidate Number Name

General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
CHEMISTRY 9701/03
Paper 3 Practical Test
May/June 2003
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional materials: As listed in the Instructions to Supervisors.
Insert
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your details, including examination session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
Qualtitative Analysis notes are provided on pages 7 and 8.
An Insert is provided for question 1.
SESSION
LABORATORY
For Examiner’s Use
If you have been given a label, look at the 1

details. If any details are incorrect or
missing, please fill in your correct details
in the space given at the top of this page. 2
Stick your personal label here, if

provided. TOTAL
This document consists of 8 printed pages and an insert.

SP (NF/SLC) S39116/3
www.xtremepapers.net
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 FA 1 is an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3.
FA 2 is dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl.
When a solution of sodium thiosulphate is mixed with hydrochloric acid a reaction takes
place and a fine suspension of solid sulphur is formed in the solution.
Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)
If a beaker containing the reaction mixture is placed over a marker, in this case an insert of
printed text on a piece of paper, the sulphur as it forms slowly hides the marker from view.
If the depth of solution in the beaker is kept constant the marker will always disappear when
the same amount of sulphur has been formed.
You are to use this reaction to investigate how the rate of reaction between sodium
thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid changes as the concentration of the
sodium thiosulphate solution is varied.
(a) Use a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to place 50.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a 250 cm3 beaker.
Measure 5.0 cm3 of FA 2 into the small measuring cylinder.
Dry the outside of the beaker containing FA 1 and place it over the printed text on the
insert sheet.
Pour the 5.0 cm3 of FA 2 from the measuring cylinder into the beaker and at the same
moment start a stop-clock or note the time on a clock with a seconds sweep hand.
Swirl the beaker to mix the solutions thoroughly and place back over the insert. The
insert should then be viewed from above so that the text is observed through the depth of
the solution.
Stop the stop-clock or note the time when the printing on the insert is just no
longer visible.
Record the time to the nearest second in Table 1.1.
Empty and rinse the beaker. Repeat the experiment placing the volumes (shown in
Table 1.1) of FA 1 and water in the beaker and then adding FA 2.
Table 1.1
Expt volume of volume of volume of time 1000

FA 1 water FA 2 time
/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 /s / s–1 × 103
1 50.0 0.0 5.0
2 40.0 10.0 5.0
3 30.0 20.0 5.0
4 25.0 25.0 5.0
5 20.0 30.0 5.0
6 15.0 35.0 5.0
Calculate 1000 (correct to one decimal place) for each experiment. [1]
time
Accuracy [6]
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3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) Explain why 1000 is a measure of the rate of reaction.
time
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Plot a graph of 1000 against the volume of FA 1 (sodium thiosulphate)

time
1000 / time s–1 x 103
0 10 20 30 40 50
volume of FA 1 / cm3
[5]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) How is the rate of reaction related to the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(e) Explain why the total volume of solution used in each experiment is kept constant.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total 15]
9701/03/M/J/03
5 For
Examiner’s
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2 FA 3 is a mixture of two solids, FA 4 which is soluble in water and FA 5 which is insoluble in
water.
Tip the solid FA 3 into a boiling tube, add distilled water until the tube is half full, stopper and
shake for about 30 seconds. Filter the mixture and retain both the filtrate and the residue.
Record your observations in the spaces provided.

You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs.

Tests on the Filtrate containing FA 4
Test Observations [4]
(a) To 2 cm depth of the filtrate in a boiling-

tube, add 2 cm depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide,
then carefully warm the solution.
(b) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate in a test-tube,

add 1 cm depth of aqueous lead nitrate.
(c) To 2 cm depth of the filtrate in a test-tube,

add 2 cm depth of aqueous hydrogen
peroxide followed by 1 cm depth of dilute
sulphuric acid.
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
Tests on the Residue, FA 5
(d) Transfer the solid residue from the filter

paper to a boiling-tube and add a
minimum quantity of dilute hydrochloric
acid to dissolve the solid.
Divide the solution into two parts and use

one part for each of the following tests.
To one part add aqueous sodium

hydroxide.
To the other part add dilute aqueous

ammonia.
Use the information in the Qualitative Analysis Tables on pages 7 and 8 to identify the ions
present in FA 4 and FA 5.
The ions present in FA 4 were .............................................
What evidence has lead you to deduce the ions present in FA 4?
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total 10]
9701/03/M/J/03
7
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
9701/03/M/J/03
8
ion reaction
CO32–

NO3– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

9701/03/M/J/03

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
May/June 2003
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional materials: As listed in the Instructions to Supervisors.
Insert

Qualtitative Analysis notes are provided on pages 7 and 8.
An Insert is provided for question 1.
SESSION
LABORATORY


provided. TOTAL
This document consists of 8 printed pages and an insert.

SP (NF/SLC) S39116/3
http://www.xtremepapers.net
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 FA 1 is an aqueous solution of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3.
FA 2 is dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl.
When a solution of sodium thiosulphate is mixed with hydrochloric acid a reaction takes
place and a fine suspension of solid sulphur is formed in the solution.
Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)
If a beaker containing the reaction mixture is placed over a marker, in this case an insert of
printed text on a piece of paper, the sulphur as it forms slowly hides the marker from view.
If the depth of solution in the beaker is kept constant the marker will always disappear when
the same amount of sulphur has been formed.
You are to use this reaction to investigate how the rate of reaction between sodium
thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid changes as the concentration of the
sodium thiosulphate solution is varied.
(a) Use a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to place 50.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a 250 cm3 beaker.
Measure 5.0 cm3 of FA 2 into the small measuring cylinder.
Dry the outside of the beaker containing FA 1 and place it over the printed text on the
insert sheet.
Pour the 5.0 cm3 of FA 2 from the measuring cylinder into the beaker and at the same
moment start a stop-clock or note the time on a clock with a seconds sweep hand.
Swirl the beaker to mix the solutions thoroughly and place back over the insert. The
insert should then be viewed from above so that the text is observed through the depth of
the solution.
Stop the stop-clock or note the time when the printing on the insert is just no
longer visible.
Record the time to the nearest second in Table 1.1.
Empty and rinse the beaker. Repeat the experiment placing the volumes (shown in
Table 1.1) of FA 1 and water in the beaker and then adding FA 2.
Table 1.1
Expt volume of volume of volume of time 1000

FA 1 water FA 2 time
/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 /s / s–1 × 103
1 50.0 0.0 5.0
2 40.0 10.0 5.0
3 30.0 20.0 5.0
4 25.0 25.0 5.0
5 20.0 30.0 5.0
6 15.0 35.0 5.0
Calculate 1000 (correct to one decimal place) for each experiment. [1]
time
Accuracy [6]
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3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) Explain why 1000 is a measure of the rate of reaction.
time
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Plot a graph of 1000 against the volume of FA 1 (sodium thiosulphate)

time
1000 / time s–1 x 103
0 10 20 30 40 50
[5]

4 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) How is the rate of reaction related to the concentration of sodium thiosulphate solution?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(e) Explain why the total volume of solution used in each experiment is kept constant.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total 15]
9701/03/M/J/03
5 For
Examiner’s
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2 FA 3 is a mixture of two solids, FA 4 which is soluble in water and FA 5 which is insoluble in
water.
Tip the solid FA 3 into a boiling tube, add distilled water until the tube is half full, stopper and
shake for about 30 seconds. Filter the mixture and retain both the filtrate and the residue.


Tests on the Filtrate containing FA 4
(a) To 2 cm depth of the filtrate in a boiling-

tube, add 2 cm depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide,
then carefully warm the solution.
(b) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate in a test-tube,

add 1 cm depth of aqueous lead nitrate.
(c) To 2 cm depth of the filtrate in a test-tube,

peroxide followed by 1 cm depth of dilute
sulphuric acid.

6 For
Examiner’s
Use
Tests on the Residue, FA 5
(d) Transfer the solid residue from the filter

paper to a boiling-tube and add a
minimum quantity of dilute hydrochloric
acid to dissolve the solid.
Divide the solution into two parts and use

one part for each of the following tests.
To one part add aqueous sodium

hydroxide.
To the other part add dilute aqueous

ammonia.
present in FA 4 and FA 5.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total 10]
9701/03/M/J/03
7
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
9701/03/M/J/03
8
ion reaction
CO32–

NO3– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

9701/03/M/J/03
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
May/June 2004
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials: As listed in the Instructions to Supervisors.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

Qualitative Analysis notes are provided on pages 6 and 7.
SESSION
LABORATORY

provided. TOTAL
This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

MML 5664 4/03 S65492/2
© UCLES 2004 [Turn over
2 For
Examiner's
Use
1 FA 1 is anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, provided in a stoppered tube.
FA 2 is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl.
Acids and carbonates in solution react as shown in the equation.
2H+(aq) + CO32–(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
You are to determine the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the hydrochloric acid solution FA 2.
(a) Weigh the stoppered tube labelled FA 1 and record the mass in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Weighing of sodium carbonate
Mass of tube + FA 1 /g
Mass of tube + residual FA 1 /g
Mass of FA 1 used /g
[1]
Transfer the contents of the weighed tube into a 250 cm3 beaker and dissolve the solid in
about 100 cm3 of distilled water.
Reweigh the tube and stopper and any residual sodium carbonate and record the mass in
Table 1.1. Calculate the mass of sodium carbonate dissolved in the water.
(b) Transfer the sodium carbonate solution to the graduated flask labelled FA 3. Rinse the
beaker with distilled water several times, adding each rinsing to the graduated flask.
This ensures that all of the sodium carbonate has been transferred to the flask.
Make up the solution to 250 cm3 with distilled water and mix thoroughly.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 3, the sodium carbonate, into a conical flask and place the flask
on a white tile. Add a few drops of the indicator provided and titrate with FA 2, the
hydrochloric acid.
Repeat the titration as many times as you think necessary to obtain accurate
results. Make certain that the recorded results show the precision of your
practical work.
Table 1.2 Titration of FA 3 with FA 2
Indicator used: .................................................................................
Final burette reading / cm3
Initial burette reading / cm3
Volume of FA 2 used / cm3
[2] + [6]
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FA 3 reacted with ............................. cm3 of FA 2.
Show which results you used to obtain this volume of FA 2 by placing a tick (✓) under the
readings in Table 1.2.
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/M/J/04
3 For
Examiner's
Use
You are advised to show full working in all parts of the calculations.
(c) Calculate the concentration in mol dm–3 of the sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, in FA 3.
[Ar: Na, 23.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0.]
[2]
(d) Calculate how many moles of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, were pipetted into the
conical flask.
[1]
(e) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid, HCl, have been run from the burette.
2H+(aq) + CO32–(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
[1]
(f) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of HCl in FA 2.
[2]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/M/J/04 [Turn over
4 For
Examiner's
Use
2 FA 4, which is provided in a stoppered boiling-tube, is a mixture of two solids:
FA 5, which is soluble in water and
FA 6, which is insoluble in water.
Add 20 cm3 of distilled water to the boiling-tube and carefully warm the mixture to dissolve
FA 5. Filter the mixture and retain both the filtrate and the residue.
Carry out the following tests and identify any gases given off.
Tests on the Filtrate (FA 5)
(a) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate in a

test-tube, add 1 cm depth of aqueous
barium chloride;
followed by 2 cm depth of dilute

hydrochloric acid.
(b) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate in a

test-tube, add 1 cm depth of acidified
aqueous potassium dichromate(VI).
Leave to stand for 1 minute.
(c) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate in a

boiling-tube, add 2 cm depth of dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Warm the solution and identify the gas
given off.
Empty and wash away the contents
of the tube at the end of this test.
(d) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate in a

test-tube, add 2 cm depth of aqueous
iodine.
Use the information in the Qualitative Analysis Table on page 7 to identify the anion present
in FA 5.
The anion present in FA 5 is ...................................................................................................
Which observations support your choice of this anion?
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/M/J/04
5 For
Examiner's
Use
In tests (b) and (d) the anion in FA 5 is behaving as
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
Tests on the Residue (FA 6)
Use a spatula to transfer the residue from the filter paper to a boiling tube.
(e) Add 2 cm depth of hydrochloric acid to

the residue (FA 6) in the boiling-tube.
Use the solution formed in this test for the

following tests, (f) and (g).
(f) To 1 cm depth of the solution made in

test (e) in a test-tube add aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
(g) To 1 cm depth of the solution made in

test (e) in a test-tube add 1 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
Use the information in the Qualitative Analysis Table on pages 6 and 7 to identify the cation
and anion present in FA 6.
The cation present in FA 6 is .................................................................................................
The anion present in FA 6 is ..................................................................................................
Which observations support your choice of these ions?
cation .......................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
anion .......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
6
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/M/J/04
7
ion reaction
CO32–

NO3– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2004 9701/03/M/J/04
8
BLANK PAGE
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department
of the University of Cambridge.
9701/03/M/J/04
SESSION LABORATORY

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
May/June 2005
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials: as listed in the Instructions to Supervisors.
Write your details, including practical session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes provided.

Qualitative Analysis notes are provided on pages 6 and 7.

provided.
TOTAL

SP (SJF3513) S81256/3
2 For
Examiner's
Use
1 FA 1 is a solution containing 5.00 g dm–3 of hydrated ethanedioic acid, H2C2O4.xH2O.
FA 2 is a solution containing 2.37 g dm–3 of potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4.
You are also provided with 1.00 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
In the presence of acid, potassium manganate(VII) oxidises ethanedioic acid;
2MnO4–(aq) + 5H2C2O4(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 2Mn2+(aq) + 10CO2(g) + 8H2O(l)
You are to determine the value of x in H2C2O4.xH2O.
(a) Fill the burette with FA 2.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a conical flask. Use the measuring cylinder provided to
add to the flask 25 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid and 40 cm3 of distilled water.
Heat the solution in the flask until the temperature is just over 65 °C. The exact
temperature is not important.
Be careful when handling hot solutions.
Remove the thermometer and carefully place the hot flask under the burette. If the
neck of the flask is too hot to hold safely, use a folded paper towel to hold the flask.
Run in about 1 cm3 of FA 2. Swirl the flask until the colour of the manganate(VII) ions
has disappeared then continue the titration as normal until a permanent pale pink
colour is obtained. This is the end point. Record the burette readings in Table 1.1.
If a brown colour appears during the titration, reheat the flask to 65 °C. The brown
colour should disappear and the titration can then be completed.
If the brown colour does not disappear on reheating, discard the solution and restart
the titration.
results.
Make certain that the recorded results show the precision of your practical work.
final burette reading / cm3
initial burette reading / cm3
volume of FA 2 used / cm3
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FA 1 reacted with ………………. cm3 of FA 2.
Show which results you used to obtain this volume of FA 2 by placing a tick (✓) under
the readings in Table 1.1.
[7]
© UCLES 2005 9701/03/M/J/05
3 For
Examiner's
Use
(b) Calculate how many moles of potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4, were run from the
burette during the titration.
[Ar: K, 39.1; Mn, 54.9; O, 16.0.]
[2]
(c) Calculate how many moles of ethanedioic acid, H2C2O4, reacted with the potassium
manganate(VII) run from the burette.
[1]
(d) Calculate the mass of H2C2O4 in each dm3 of FA 1

[Ar: H, 1.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0.]
[3]
(e) Calculate the mass of water in the 5.00 g of H2C2O4.xH2O.
[1]
(f) Calculate the value of x, in H2C2O4.xH2O.
[1]
[Total: 15]
4 For
Examiner's
Use
2 FA 3 contains two cations and two anions from those listed on pages 6 and 7.
In all tests, the reagent should be added gradually until no further change is observed, with
shaking after each addition.

(a) To 3 cm depth of FA 3 in a boiling-tube,

add 2 cm depth of dilute sulphuric acid.
Warm the mixture and leave to stand for

several minutes. Continue with test (b).
Care – mixtures containing precipitates

can “bump” when heated and eject the
hot acid from the tube.
Use a teat pipette to transfer 1 cm depth

of the solution into a test-tube and add
an equal depth of distilled water.
Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, drop by
drop, until there is no further change.
(b) To 1 cm depth of FA 3 in a boiling-tube,

add 2 cm depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide. Add a piece of aluminium foil
and warm the tube.
Care – solutions containing sodium

hydroxide when heated can “bump” and
eject the hot alkali from the tube.
Remember to complete test (a) if you
have not yet done so.
(c) To 3 cm depth of FA 3 in a boiling-tube,

add an equal depth of aqueous
ammonia.
Filter the solution.
Add aqueous potassium chromate(VI) to

the filtrate.
© UCLES 2005 9701/03/M/J/05
5 For
Examiner's
Use
Test Observations
(d) To 1 cm depth of FA 3 in a boiling-tube,

add 1 cm depth of aqueous silver nitrate.
Warm the mixture and carefully pour

away the solution. Wash the precipitate
that remains with distilled water and
discard the water.
Add aqueous ammonia to the washed

precipitate.
present in FA 3. For each ion give one piece of evidence that supports your choice.
Cation 1 present in FA 3 …………………………………………………
Evidence for Cation 1
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Cation 2 present in FA 3 …………………………………………………
Evidence for Cation 2
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Anion 1 present in FA 3 …………………………………………………
Evidence for Anion 1
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Anion 2 present in FA 3 …………………………………………………
Evidence for Anion 2
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
6
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
© UCLES 2005 9701/03/M/J/05
7
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI), yellow solution turns orange with H+(aq);

CrO42– (aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);
chloride, gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3 (aq));
Cl – (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
bromide, gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3 (aq));
Br – (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3 (aq));
I– (aq) gives yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
NO3– (aq)
sulphate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) or with Pb2+(aq) (insoluble in excess
SO32– (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2005 9701/03/M/J/05
8
BLANK PAGE
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
9701/03/M/J/05

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
May/June 2006
1 hour 15 minutes
Write in dark blue or black pen.

Tests for gases are provided on page 8.
You may use a calculator.
SESSION
LABORATORY
TOTAL

SP (SJF3983) T12463/2
2 For
Examiner's
Use
1 FA 1 is an aqueous bleach named ‘Superclean’.
FA 2 is a solution containing 19.78 g dm–3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3.
You are also provided with:

aqueous potassium iodide, KI,
1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4,
starch indicator solution,
distilled water.
Many commercial bleaches contain compounds of chlorine as the ‘active ingredient’. They
are able to displace iodine from aqueous potassium iodide. This iodine can be titrated
against sodium thiosulphate to determine the ‘free chlorine’ concentration for the bleach.
You are to determine the ‘free chlorine’ concentration in ‘Superclean’.
(a) Dilution of ‘Superclean’
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into the 250 cm3 graduated flask, labelled FA 3. Make the
solution up to 250 cm3 with distilled water and mix the solution thoroughly.
This solution is FA 3.
(b) Titration of iodine produced on reacting FA 3 with an excess of iodide ions
Rinse the 25 cm3 pipette used in (a), firstly with water and then with FA 3. Pipette
25.0 cm3 of FA 3 into a conical flask and, using a measuring cylinder, add to the flask
10 cm3 of aqueous potassium iodide and 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid.
Fill the burette with FA 2 and titrate the displaced iodine until the colour of the solution
becomes pale yellow. Then add 1 cm3 of starch indicator solution. Swirl the flask to mix
the indicator and solution, then continue the titration until the blue colour of the starch/
iodine complex disappears, leaving a colourless solution. This is the end-point.
results.
Table 1.1 Titration of liberated iodine with FA 2
[7]
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FA 3 displaced iodine that reacted with ………………. cm3 of FA 2.
Show which results you used to obtain this volume of FA 2 by placing a tick (✓) under
the readings in Table 1.1.
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/M/J/06
3 For
Examiner's
Use
(c) Calculate how many moles of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3, were run from the
[Ar: Na, 23.0; S, 32.1; O, 16.0]
[2]
(d) Calculate how many moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask after FA 3
reacted with an excess of iodide ions.
2S2O32–(aq) + I2(aq) → S4O62–(aq) + 2I–(aq)
[1]
(e) 1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of ‘free chlorine’.
Cl 2(aq) + 2I–(aq) → 2Cl –(aq) + I2(aq)
Calculate the ‘free chlorine’ concentration, in mol dm–3, of FA1, the bleach ‘Superclean’.
[3]
4 For
Examiner's
Use
(f) The ‘free chlorine’ concentration of a second bleach, ‘Germfree’, is found by the same
method.
50.0 cm3 of ‘Germfree’ is pipetted into a 250 cm3 graduated flask and the solution
made up to 250 cm3 with distilled water. The ‘free chlorine’ concentration in the diluted
solution is found to be 0.082 mol dm–3.
Calculate the ‘free chlorine’ concentration, in mol dm–3, in ‘Germfree’.
[1]
(g) The cost of each bleach is as follows.
‘Superclean’ $2.80 dm–3 ‘Germfree’ $1.80 dm–3
Use the data above and your answers to (e) and (f) to show which of the bleaches is
better value for money.
[1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/M/J/06
5
BLANK PAGE
6 For
Examiner's
Use
2 You are provided with four aqueous solutions, FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7.
Each solution contains one of the following.
an alcohol
an aldehyde
a carboxylic acid
a ketone
You are to perform the tests below and from the results establish which type of organic
compound is contained in each of FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7.
After each test discard the contents of the tubes into the 250 cm3 beaker, labelled organic
waste. Rinse and re-use the tubes for the remaining tests.
Tests for gases are printed on page 8.
Record your results in the table on page 7. Where no reaction has taken place,
write ‘no change’ in the appropriate box in the table.
Place 1 cm depth of each of the solutions FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7 into separate

test-tubes.
test (a)
To each tube add a small quantity of magnesium powder or turnings.
Identify any gas given off and record the test you used to make the identification.

test-tubes.
test (b)
To each tube add a small quantity of powdered sodium carbonate.
Identify any gas given off and record the test you used to make the identification.

test (c) test-tubes.
To each tube add 1 cm depth of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent.

test-tubes.
Place 2 cm depth of aqueous silver nitrate in a boiling-tube and add to it 1 cm
depth of aqueous sodium hydroxide. This will produce a precipitate of silver oxide.
test (d) Use a dropping pipette to add dilute aqueous ammonia to this mixture until the
precipitate of silver oxide just dissolves.
Do not add an excess of aqueous ammonia.
To each of the tubes containing FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7 add 1 cm depth of the
silver-containing solution you have just prepared.

boiling-tubes.
test (e)
To each tube add a few drops of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) to give a
yellow-orange solution. Warm the tube gently.
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/M/J/06
7 For
Examiner's
Use
test FA 4 FA 5 FA 6 FA 7
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
[8]
Identify the type of organic compound present in each of the solutions FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and
FA 7 and complete the table below.
type of organic compound confirmed by the observations in

contained in the solution test(s)
FA 4
FA 5
FA 6
FA 7
[2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/M/J/06
8
Tests for gases

© UCLES 2006 9701/03/M/J/06
General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
*3963816257*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
Paper 31 Practical Test May/June 2007
2 hours
Additional Materials: As listed in the Instructions to Supervisors
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Give details of the practical session and laboratory where appropriate in the boxes provided.
DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.

Session
Qualitative Analysis Notes are printed on pages 10 and 11.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or
Laboratory
part question.
Total
SP (SLM) T38775/5
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 You are required to find the percentage purity of a sample of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.
FA 1 contains 4.50 g dm–3 of the impure sodium carbonate.

(a) Dilution of FA 2
By using a burette, measure between 33.00 cm3 and 34.00 cm3 of FA 2 into the 250 cm3
graduated flask labelled FA 3.
Record your burette readings and the volume of FA 2 added to the flask in the space
below.
Make up the contents of the flask to the 250 cm3 mark with distilled water. Place the
stopper in the flask and mix the contents thoroughly by slowly inverting the flask a
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FA 3, the diluted solution of hydrochloric acid.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a conical flask. Add a few drops of methyl orange indicator
and titrate with FA 3.
Perform a rough (trial) titration and sufficient further titrations to obtain accurate
results.
Record your titration results in the space below. Make certain that your recorded results
show the precision of your working.
ii
iii
iv
vi
[6]
(b) From your titration results obtain a suitable volume of FA 3 to be used in your
calculations.
Show clearly how you obtained this volume.
[1]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculations
Show your working and appropriate significant figures in all of your calculations.
(c) Calculate how many moles of HCl are contained in the FA 2 run into the graduated
flask.
............................mol of HCl were run into the graduated flask.
Calculate how many moles of HCl are contained in the volume of FA 3 which reacted
with 25.0 cm3 of FA 1.
............................mol of HCl reacted with 25.0 cm3 of FA 1.
Use this answer to calculate how many moles of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, are present
in 1.00 dm3 of FA 1.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
............................mol of Na2CO3 are present in 1.00 dm3 of FA 1.
Calculate the mass of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, in 1.00 dm3 of FA 1.

[Ar: C, 12.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]
i
ii
iii
iv
FA 1 is ............................g dm–3 of Na2CO3.
v
Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the percentage purity of the sodium carbonate,
Na2CO3, dissolved in FA 1.
The percentage purity of the sodium carbonate dissolved in FA 1 is ............................%.

[5]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Look at the scale on the 25 cm3 measuring cylinder provided. Record the smallest scale
division on the measuring cylinder and estimate the error in reading the scale.
smallest division = ........................ cm3
estimated error = ± ...................... cm3
If 25 cm3 of FA 1 is measured with a measuring cylinder, calculate the estimated

percentage error.
The estimated error is ...................................................%.
Your pipette is calibrated with an error of ±0.06 cm3.

Calculate the percentage error when measuring 25.0 cm3 of solution with this pipette.
The error is ..................................................%.

[2]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
(e) Use the measuring cylinder to place 25 cm3 of FA 1 into a conical flask.
Add methyl orange indicator as before and titrate with FA 3.
Repeat the titration once using the measuring cylinder. Record your results below.
Would you expect to be able to obtain consistent titres using a measuring cylinder?
Explain your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(f) A student suspects that the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide affects the end-point
of the titration.
Suggest a simple modification to the experimental technique to eliminate the dissolved
carbon dioxide as the titration is performed.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 16]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 Read through the question before starting any practical work.
The percentage purity of the sodium carbonate can also be determined by measuring the
temperature change when a weighed sample of the solid carbonate reacts with an excess of
hydrochloric acid and the following information is used.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) ∆H = –37.0 kJ mol–1
You are provided with the following.

FA 4, impure solid sodium carbonate
FA 5, 2.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
Measurement of temperature change
(a) Follow the instructions below to determine the percentage purity of the sodium
carbonate.
You will carry out the experiment twice.
• Weigh the empty weighing bottle.

• Reweigh the bottle with between 4.00 g and 4.50 g of FA 4.
• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker and add to it, from a measuring
cylinder, 50 cm3 of FA 5.
• Measure and record the steady temperature of the FA 5 in the plastic cup.
• Add the FA 4 from the weighing bottle to the plastic cup, a little at a time to
prevent acid spray. Stir and record the highest temperature reached.
• Reweigh the empty weighing bottle.
In an appropriate format in the space below, record

• all measurements of mass and temperature,
• the mass of FA 4 used, m,
• the temperature rise, ∆T.
Empty and rinse the plastic cup.

Repeat the experiment.
Results
[4]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculations
(b) For each experiment calculate ∆T , the temperature rise per gram of FA 4 used.
m
first experiment ∆T = ................ °C g–1 second experiment ∆T = ................ °C g–1

m m
Calculate the mean value of ∆T .
m
The mean value of ∆T = ............................................ °C g–1

m
[2]
(c) Is one repeat of the experiment sufficient or should it be repeated again? Explain your
answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Calculate the percentage purity of the sodium carbonate using the following expression.
Note, this value is likely to be different from the one you obtained in question 1.
purity = ∆T × 1 × 2279%
m 37.0
purity = ..............................................% [1]
[Total: 8]
8 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 FA 6 and FA 7 are solids each containing one cation and one anion from those listed on
page 10 and page 11.
You will dissolve each solid in dilute nitric acid, HNO3, and use the solutions formed in
reactions with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and aqueous ammonia, NH3.
At each stage you are to record details of the following.

• colour changes seen
• the formation of any precipitate
• the solubility of any precipitate in an excess of the reagent added
Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in the
appropriate place in your observations.
No additional tests for ions present should be attempted.
(a) Preparation of the solutions
Dissolve each solid separately in dilute HNO3 in a 100 cm3 beaker. Use the minimum
quantity of acid, added a little at a time and warm to dissolve the solid if necessary. Then
add distilled water to each solution to give a total volume of about 60 cm3.
Record your observations in the space below.
[4]
(b) Reactions of the solutions formed in (a) with NaOH(aq) and NH3(aq)
Use separate portions of each of the solutions formed in (a) in reactions with aqueous
NaOH and with aqueous NH3, added until in excess.
For each test use 1 cm depth of solution in a boiling-tube.
Record details of the tests performed and the observations made.
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
9 For
Examiner’s
Use
[6]
(c) Both cations and one anion can now be definitely identified.
cation in FA 6 ....................................................................................................................
evidence ...........................................................................................................................
cation in FA 7 ....................................................................................................................
evidence ...........................................................................................................................
The anion in FA ................... is ........................................................................................
evidence ...........................................................................................................................
[3]
(d) Tests to identify the remaining anion. Do not carry out these tests.
From the Quantitative Analysis Notes for anions select two reagents which could be
used, in one test, to indicate the presence of chloride ions in one of the solutions.
Describe how you would use these reagents and the expected observations if the
chloride ion were present.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Select another reagent that would also indicate the presence of a chloride ion in the
solution. Describe the expected observation if the chloride ion were present.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
10
Qualitative Analysis Notes
Key: [ppt. = precipitate]
ion reaction with

NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
calcium, white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)] no ppt.

Ca2+(aq)
chromium(III), grey-green ppt. soluble in excess giving grey-green ppt.

Cr3+(aq) dark green solution insoluble in excess







© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
11
ion reaction
CO32–

CrO42–(aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);
gives bright yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
chloride, gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq));

Cl –(aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
bromide, gives pale cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq));
Br –(aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq));

nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil

NO3– (aq)
nitrite, NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil;

NO2–(aq) NO liberated by dilute acids
sulphate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) or with Pb2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute
SO42– (aq) strong acid)

3 Tests for gases


chlorine, Cl2 bleaches damp litmus paper
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/M/J/07
12
BLANK PAGE
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
9701/31/M/J/07
*2331107163*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
Paper 32 Practical Test May/June 2007
2 hours
Give details of the practical session and laboratory where appropriate in the boxes provided.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Qualitative Analysis Notes are printed on pages 11 and 12. Session

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
Laboratory
Total
SP (CW) T38779/4
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 You are required to determine the concentration in g dm–3 of hydrated ammonium iron(II)
sulphate, (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O, in the solution FB 1.
FB 1 contains hydrated ammonium iron(II) sulphate.

FB 2 is 0.0120 mol dm–3 potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4.
(a) Dilution of FB 1
By using a burette measure between 36.00 cm3 and 37.00 cm3 of FB 1 into the 250 cm3
graduated flask labelled FB 3.
Record your burette readings and the volume of FB 1 added to the flask in the space
below.
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FB 2.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 3 into a conical flask. Use a measuring cylinder to add
approximately 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4, and titrate with FB 2 until
the first permanent pink colour remains in the solution.
Perform one rough (trial) titration and sufficient further titrations to obtain
accurate results.
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
[6]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) From your titration results obtain a suitable volume of FB 2 to be used in your
calculations.
[1]
Calculations
(c) Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 were run from the burette during the titration.
........................ mol of KMnO4 were run from the burette.
Calculate how many moles of Fe2+ ions reacted with the KMnO4 run from the burette.
MnO4–(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(I)
........................ mol of Fe2+ reacted with the KMnO4 run from the burette.
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of Fe2+ in FB 3.
Concentration of Fe2+ in FB 3 = ........................ mol dm–3.
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of Fe2+ in FB 1.
Concentration of Fe2+ in FB 1 = ........................ mol dm–3.
Calculate, to 4 significant figures, the concentration of (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O in

FB 1 in g dm–3 .
[Ar: Fe, 55.8; H, 1.0; N, 14.0; O, 16.0; S, 32.1] i
ii
iii
iv
v
FB 1 contains ........................ g dm–3 of (NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O.
[5]
(d) A student learns that the solution of the iron(II) salt has been prepared by dissolving the
solid in distilled water that has absorbed air from the laboratory.
Suggest a way in which the distilled water can be prepared and stored in the laboratory
to ensure that it contains a minimum of dissolved air.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(e) Estimate the error in reading a volume from a burette.
smallest division on burette scale = ........................ cm3
estimated error in reading a volume = ± ........................ cm3 [1]
(f) A titre value is obtained by the difference between final and initial burette readings.
What is the maximum possible error in obtaining a titre reading?
estimated maximum error in the titre = ± ........................ cm3 [1]
(g) During one titration a student reads the burette twice.

Each reading has an error but the titre has no error. Explain how this can happen.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
5
BLANK PAGE
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 Read through the question before starting any practical work.
You are required to determine the enthalpy change when citric acid reacts with an excess of
sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Citric acid, found in citrus fruit such as lemons and limes, is

2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid.
CH2-CO2H
I
C(OH)-CO2H
I
CH2-CO2H
FB 4 is 0.8 mol dm–3 citric acid.

FB 5 is solid sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3.
(a) Citric acid is a triprotic (tribasic) acid – one mole of the acid reacts with three moles of
sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Calculate the minimum mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate that will react with all of the
acid in 50.0 cm3 of FB 4.
[Ar: Na, 23.0; H, 1.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0]
mass of NaHCO3 = ........................ g [1]
(b) Method
Follow the instructions below to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction.
You will carry out the experiment twice.
• Weigh the empty weighing bottle.

• Weigh the bottle with between 11.5 g and 12.0 g, an excess, of FB 5.
• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker and pipette into it 50.0 cm3 of FB 4.
• Measure and record the steady temperature of the FB 4 in the plastic cup.
• Add the FB 5 from the weighing bottle, a little at a time, to the plastic cup.
• Stir and record the lowest temperature reached.
• Reweigh the empty weighing bottle.
In an appropriate form at the top of the next page record

• all measurements of mass and temperature,
• the temperature fall, ΔT.
Empty and rinse the plastic cup.
Repeat the experiment and calculate the mean value of ΔT.
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
Results
The mean value of ΔT is ........................ °C.
[6]
(c) Calculate the enthalpy change of reaction using the following expression.
ΔHreaction = mean ΔT × 4.3 kJ mol–1
Your answer should include the appropriate sign.
ΔHreaction = ........................ kJ mol–1 [1]
[Total: 8]
8 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 You are provided with three solutions, FB 6, FB 7 and FB 8, each containing one cation and
one anion.
One or more of the solutions contains a halide ion. One or more of the solutions contains a
sulphate or sulphite ion.
Identification of the anions in FB 6, FB 7 and FB 8
(a) By reference to the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 12 you are to select and use
(i) one reagent to precipitate any halide ion that is present,

(ii) a second reagent to confirm the identity of any halide ion present.
Because the solutions are coloured you will need to remove traces of solution from the
precipitates.
Record the tests performed, the practical procedures used and the observations made for
each of the solutions.
Present this information as clearly as possible in a suitable format in the space below.
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
Use your observations to identify any halide ions present in the solutions FB 6, FB 7
and FB 8 and state which ion is present in which solution.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[7]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
9 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) Select reagents and carry out tests
(i) to show which of the solutions contains a sulphate ion or a sulphite ion, and
(ii) to establish which of these ions is present.
Record your tests and observations below.
State which of the ions, sulphate or sulphite, is present in which of the solutions FB 6,
FB 7 and FB 8 and explain how you reached this conclusion from your tests above.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3]
Identification of the cations in FB 6, FB 7 and FB 8
(c) Using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia it is possible to identify two
of the cations present and to draw some conclusions about the nature of the remaining
cation.
Carry out tests with these reagents, recording details of what you did and observed in a
suitable format in the space below.
[4]
10 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Explain how your observations in (c) identify two of the cations present and which of the
solutions contain those cations.
The cation contained in solution FB ................... is ...................
explanation
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
The cation contained in solution FB ................... is ...................
explanation
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
What conclusion of a general nature about the third cation can you draw from your
observations in (c)?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
11
Key: [ppt. = precipitate.]
reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)
Al3+(aq) soluble in excess insoluble in excess
NH4+(aq)
barium,
no ppt. (if reagents are pure) no ppt.
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)] no ppt.
Ca2+(aq)
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
12
ion reaction
carbonate,
CO2 liberated by dilute acids
CO32–
yellow solution turns orange with H+(aq);
chromate(VI),
gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);
CrO42– (aq)
Cl– (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
Br– (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
nitrate,
NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil
NO3– (aq)
NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil,
nitrite,
NO liberated by dilute acids
NO2– (aq)
(colourless NO (pale) brown NO2 in air)
3 Tests for gases
gas test and test results

gives a white ppt. with limewater
carbon dioxide, CO2
chloride, Cl2 bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2 “pops” with a lighted splint
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/M/J/07
*5947007489*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
Paper 31 Advanced Practical Skills May/June 2008
2 hours
Give details of the practical session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes provided.


Session
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
Laboratory
Total
SPA (NF/KN) T58586/1

2
1 Read through question 1 before starting any practical work. For

Examiner’s
You are provided with the following reagents. Use
• FA 1 containing 15.68 g dm–3 of hydrated ammonium iron(II) sulphate

(NH4)2SO4.FeSO4.6H2O
• FA 2, 0.015 mol dm–3 potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4
• FA 3 containing 0.025 mol dm–3 of a reagent X
• 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4
Iron(II) ions, Fe2+, are oxidised by acidified manganate(VII) ions.

–
MnO4 (aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– → Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
Fe2+(aq) → Fe3+(aq) + e–
–
Reagent X oxidises Fe2+ to Fe3+ and is also oxidised by acidified MnO4 .
If varying volumes of FA 3, containing reagent X, are added to 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 in the

presence of H2SO4 and the mixtures are titrated against FA 2, a graph of the results can be
drawn as shown.
titre / cm3
0.00
0.00 Z
You are to determine experimentally
• Z, the exact volume of FA 3 which reacts with 25.0 cm3 of FA 1,
• the mole ratio for the reaction of FA 1 with reagent X.
(a) Method
• Fill a burette with FA 2.

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a conical flask.
• Use a measuring cylinder to add approximately 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 H2SO4 to
the solution in the flask.
• Titrate the FA 1 in the flask with FA 2 until the first permanent pink colour remains
in the solution.
The end-point should be found after the addition of approximately 13 cm3 of FA 2.

One titration, performed accurately, will be sufficient.
You are reminded that just before the end-point the pink colour from a single drop of
FA 2 spreads through the whole of the solution before disappearing.
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
3
Record your titration results in the space below. For

Examiner’s
Use
[1]
(b) Method
• Fill the second burette with FA 3.

• Empty and rinse the conical flask used in part (a).
• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into the conical flask and add 10 cm3 of H2SO4 using a
measuring cylinder.
• Run 12.00 cm3 of FA 3 from the second burette into the flask.
• Titrate against FA 2 until the first permanent pink colour remains in the solution.
The end-point should be found after the addition of approximately 5 cm3 of FA 2.

One titration, performed accurately, will be sufficient.
You are reminded that just before the end-point the pink colour from a single drop of
FA 2 spreads through the whole of the solution before disappearing.
Record your titration results in the space below.
[1]
(c) The volume of FA 3 added to the flask in (b) reacts with some but not all of the FA 1
present. Calculate the difference between the titres obtained in parts (a) and (b). Use
this difference and the volume of FA 3 added to the flask in (b) to calculate the volume
of FA 3 that you would expect to react with all of the Fe2+ ions in 25.0 cm3 of FA 1.
volume of FA 3 = .............................................. cm3

[1]
4
(d) The value you have obtained in (c) is an approximate value of Z. You are to perform For
four more titrations, each with a different volume of FA 3 added to 25.0 cm3 of FA 1, in Examiner’s
order to plot a graph of the form shown on page 2 and to obtain an exact value for Z. Use
One titration, performed accurately, will be sufficient for each volume of FA 3 added.
The volume of FA 3 you have obtained in (c) will help you to choose suitable volumes of
FA 3 to be added for each titration.
(If you were unable to calculate the volume of FA 3 in (c) assume that the value lies in
the range 19.0 cm3 to 21.0 cm3.)
Remember
• you should not use more than 40.0 cm3 of FA 3 for any single titration,
• you already have data for titrations with no FA 3 added and with 12.00 cm3 added.
Prepare a table in the space below and use it to record the titration results for each
volume of FA 3 added. Include in your table the titre values from parts (a) and (b).
[6]
(e) Use the grid on the opposite page to plot a graph of titre against volume of FA 3 added.
Draw two straight lines through the plotted points to find Z, the volume of FA 3 that just
reacts with the Fe2+ ions in 25.0 cm3 of FA 1.
Z, the volume of FA 3 read from the graph is .............................................. cm3.
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
5
For
Examiner’s
Use
[7]
6
(f) Circle on the graph one point where a repeat titration might be appropriate and justify For
you decision. If you do not think that any titration needs to be repeated, explain why you Examiner’s
have come to that conclusion. Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[1]
Calculations
Show your working and appropriate significant figures in all of your calculations. [2]
(g) Calculate how many moles of Fe2+ ions were pipetted into the flask.
[Ar: Fe, 55.8; H, 1.0; N, 14.0; O, 16.0; S, 32.1]
............................. mol of Fe2+ were pipetted into the flask. [2]
(h) Calculate how many moles of X are present in Z, the volume of FA 3 read from your
graph.
..................... mol of X were present in ................... cm3 of FA 3. [1]
(i) Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the number of moles of Fe2+ ions that react with
1 mol of X.
[2]
[Total: 24]
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
7
BLANK PAGE
8
2 The three solutions FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6 each contain one of the following. For
aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 Examiner’s
ammonium iodide, NH4I Use
zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2
(a) Use the information on page 12 to select two suitable reagents to use to discover which
solution contains iodide ions.
Record, in the space below, the reagents used and the observations made.
From these tests, solution FA ............... contains iodide ions. [5]
You are to perform the tests given in the table opposite on each of FA 4, FA 5 and FA 6 to
identify, where possible, the cation and anion present in each solution.
Record details of colour changes seen, the formation of any precipitate and the solubility of
any such precipitate in an excess of the reagent added.
Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in the appropriate
place in your table.

© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
9
For
Examiner’s
observations with observations with observations with Use
test
FA 4 FA 5 FA 6
(b) To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-tube,
add aqueous sodium
hydroxide drop-by-
drop until it is in
excess.
(c) To 1 cm depth of
add aqueous ammonia
drop-by-drop until it is
in excess.
(d) To 1 cm depth of
add aqueous barium
chloride,
then
add dilute hydrochloric

acid.
(e) To 1 cm depth of
solution in a boiling-
tube add 2 cm depth of
water and 1 cm depth
of aqueous lead(II)
nitrate,
then
if a precipitate has
formed, cautiously
warm until the solution
boils,
then
cool the tube by

standing it in a beaker
of cold water.
[6]
10
(f) For each of the solutions FA 4, FA 5, and FA 6, summarise the evidence from the tests For
performed to identify the cations and anions present. Examiner’s
State clearly where a cation or an anion has not been specifically identified. Use
FA 4 contains ...................................................................................................................
supporting evidence
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
FA 5 contains ...................................................................................................................
supporting evidence
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
FA 6 contains ...................................................................................................................
supporting evidence
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[4]
(g) When testing a solution containing both NH4I and Zn(NO3)2, suggest why a student
+ –
should identify the NH4 ion before attempting to identify the NO3 ion. The Qualitative
Analysis Notes on pages 11 and 12 should help you to answer this.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4
(aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);



NO–3 (aq)

NO–2 (aq) NO liberated by dilute acids
SO2–
4
(aq) strong acids)

SO2–
3
(aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids)
3 Tests for gases


© UCLES 2008 9701/31/M/J/08
*2330102833*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
2 hours

part question. Laboratory
Total
This document consists of 12 printed pages.
SP (SM/CGW) T58776/3
2
1 You are provided with the following. For

Examiner’s
FB 1, 3.00 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid, HCl Use
Three tubes containing different mixtures of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, and sodium
hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3, each with a total mass of 5.00 g of mixture.
tube labelled mass of Na2CO3 / g mass of NaHCO3 / g % by mass of Na2CO3
FB 2 1.00 4.00 20.0
FB 3 2.50 2.50 50.0
FB 4 4.00 1.00 80.0
You are to determine the temperature change, ∆T, when the contents of each of the tubes FB 2,
FB 3 and FB 4 react with an excess of hydrochloric acid, FB 1.
(a) (i) Calculate the volume of 3.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid required to react with 5.00 g
of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. Show your working.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
[Mr: Na2CO3, 106.0]
(ii) Calculate the volume of 3.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid required to react with 5.00 g
of sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3. Show your working.
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
[Mr: NaHCO3, 84.0]
[2]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
3
35.00 cm3 of 3.00 mol dm–3 HCl will be used in each experiment – an excess of For
hydrochloric acid. Examiner’s
Use
(b) Read the following instructions before starting this section.

• Fill a burette with FB 1, 3.00 mol dm–3 HCl.
• Support the plastic cup in a 250 cm3 beaker.
• Run 35.00 cm3 of acid from the burette into the cup.
• Measure the steady temperature of the acid in the plastic cup.
• Tip the contents of the tube labelled FB 2 into the acid as quickly as possible but
take care to avoid overflow or acid spray. Stir with the thermometer, measure and
record the highest or lowest temperature reached in the reaction.
• Make certain that all of the solid has been transferred from the tube to the cup.
Tap the tube if necessary to dislodge any residual solid.
• Empty and rinse the plastic cup with water. Shake out any residual drops of water.
• Repeat the experiment for each of the tubes FB 3 and FB 4.
Record all measurements of temperature and the temperature changes, ∆T, in an

appropriate form in the space below. Indicate clearly whether the temperature has
increased or decreased in the reaction.
[4]
(c) Select masses of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 which can be used to prepare two further tubes,
each containing a mixture which can be used in the same experiment as described
above. The temperature change when each of these mixtures reacts with hydrochloric
acid will be used with those above to plot five points on a graph.
tube labelled mass of Na2CO3 / g mass of NaHCO3 / g
FB 5
FB 6
[1]
4
(d) Preparation of the tubes FB 5 and FB 6 For

Examiner’s
You are provided with Use
• empty tubes labelled FB 5 and FB 6,

• sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Prepare each tube and record in an appropriate form in the space below
• all of your weighings,
• the mass of sodium carbonate in the mixture,
• the mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate in the mixture,
• the % by mass of sodium carbonate in the mixture.
[4]
(e) Carry out the same experiment as in (b) for each of the tubes FB 5 and FB 6.
Record all temperature readings and the temperature change, ∆T, for each of the
tubes.
[2]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
5
(f) Plot ∆T (y-axis, starting at –10 °C) against the % by mass of Na2CO3 in the mixture For
(x-axis, starting at 0%). Examiner’s
Remember – the temperature has increased in some experiments and decreased in others. Use
Draw the most appropriate straight line through the five plotted points. Extend this line
until it crosses the y-axis.
[4]
(g) Record from the graph the temperature change when the mixture contains no sodium
carbonate. This represents the temperature change for 5.00 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate.
∆T, read from the graph for 0% sodium carbonate is .......................................... °C. [1]
6
(h) You are to use the value in (g), obtained from the graph, to calculate the enthalpy change For
for the reaction between sodium hydrogencarbonate and hydrochloric acid. Examiner’s
Use
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(i) Calculate the energy change in the plastic cup when 5.00 g of NaHCO3 reacts with
excess hydrochloric acid.
[4.3 J are absorbed or released when the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of solution changes
by 1 °C.]
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change, ∆H, for the reaction
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).
Give your answer in kJ mol–1, correct to 3 significant figures.

Include the appropriate sign.
[Mr: NaHCO3, 84.0]
∆H = …...…………………….. kJ mol–1
[4]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
7
(i) Suggest the most significant source of error in this experiment. For
Examiner’s
......................................................................................................................................... Use
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(j) Suggest a modification to the experimental procedure that would reduce the error
described in (i).
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(k) Do you think the method used is capable of producing an accurate value for the enthalpy
change for the reaction of sodium hydrogencarbonate and hydrochloric acid?
Justify your answer by referring to the results of your experiment.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 25]
8
2 The three solutions FB 7, FB 8, and FB 9 each contain one of the following. For
Examiner’s
a cation and the chloride ion Use
manganese(II) sulphate, MnSO4
magnesium sulphate, MgSO4
(a) Using the information on page 12 select two suitable reagents and use them to carry
out a test to determine which solutions contain the sulphate ion.
In the space below, record details of the test performed and the observations made.
From this test, solutions FB .......... and FB .......... contain the sulphate ion.
[2]
(b) By selecting a further two reagents, carry out a test to confirm the presence of the chloride
ion in the remaining solution.
In the space below, record details of the test performed and the observations made.
[2]
You are to perform the tests given in the table opposite on each of FB 7, FB 8 and FB 9
to identify and confirm the cation present in the solution.
Record details of colour changes seen, the formation of any precipitate and the solubility
of any such precipitate in an excess of the reagent added.
Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in an
appropriate place in the table.
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
9
For
observations with observations with observations with Examiner’s
test Use
FB 7 FB 8 FB 9
(c) To 1 cm depth of
add aqueous sodium
hydroxide drop-by-
drop until it is in
excess.
(d) To 1 cm depth of
add aqueous
ammonia drop-by-
drop until it is in
excess.
[4]
(e) Observations made with aqueous sodium hydroxide should have indicated that one of
the solutions contains either of two cations. Identify this solution and the two possible
cations.
Solution ............................ could contain ............................ or ............................
Make use of the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 11 to suggest what further test you
could do to identify which of the two ions was present.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
Carry out your suggestion using a boiling-tube. Record the results below and explain
how this enables you to identify the ion present.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[3]
10
(f) For each of the solutions FB 7, FB 8, and FB 9, identify the cation present and give For
supporting evidence from the observations made. Examiner’s
Use
FB 7 contains ..............................................
supporting evidence
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
FB 8 contains ..............................................
supporting evidence
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
FB 9 contains ..............................................
supporting evidence
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(g) Carry out the tests below on FB 7.
test observations
To 1 cm depth of solution in a boiling-tube,

add 2 cm depth of aqueous ammonia,
then slowly add 2 cm depth of aqueous
hydrogen peroxide.
To 1 cm depth of solution in a boiling-tube,

peroxide, then slowly add 2 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
[1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4



NO–3 (aq)

SO2–
4
(aq) strong acids)

SO2–
3
3 Tests for gases


© UCLES 2008 9701/32/M/J/08
*3156861652*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
2 hours
Additional Materials: As listed in the Confidential Instructions

Session
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part Laboratory
question.
Total
This document consists of 11 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.
SP (SHW 00157 2/08) T67840/3

2

FA 1 is 0.15 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3. Examiner’s
FA 2 is aqueous copper(II) sulfate. Use
You are also provided with a 10% solution of potassium iodide, KI, and starch indicator.
You are required to determine the concentration, in g dm–3, of hydrated copper(II) sulfate,
CuSO4.5H2O, in FA 2.
Dilution of FA 2
(a) By using a burette measure between 47.00 cm3 and 47.50 cm3 of FA 2 into the 250 cm3
below.
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FA 1.
Perform a rough (trial) titration as follows.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 3 into a conical flask.

Use the measuring cylinder provided to add 10 cm3 of 10% potassium iodide to the
flask.
The Cu2+ ions in FA 3 oxidise the iodide ions to iodine, I2, which can be titrated with
FA 1.
The flask will also contain an off-white precipitate of copper(I) iodide, CuI.
Run FA 1 from the burette, 1 cm3 at a time, until the brown colour of the iodine solution
has changed to pale brown.
Add approximately 10 drops of starch indicator. A blue-black colour should be seen as
the starch reacts with the residual iodine.
Continue to add FA 1 1 cm3 at a time until the blue-black colour of the starch-iodine
complex disappears and there is no further colour change.
In this rough titration .............. cm3 of FA 1 were added.
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
3
Perform sufficient further titrations to obtain reliable results. For

Examiner’s
Record your titration results in the space below. Make certain that your recorded results Use
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
[6]
(b) From your titration results obtain a volume of FA 1 to be used in your calculations.
[1]
Calculations
Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step of
your calculations.
(c) Use your answer to (b) to calculate how many moles of Na2S2O3 were run from the
burette into the conical flask.
………………… mol of Na2S2O3 were run from the burette into the conical flask.
Calculate how many moles of I2 reacted with the Na2S2O3 run from the burette.
2S2O2–
3 S4O2–
6 + 2e
–
I2 + 2e– 2I–
………………… mol of I2 reacted with the Na2S2O3 run from the burette.
Calculate how many moles of Cu2+ ions reacted with iodide ions to produce this amount
of I2.
2Cu2+ + 4I– 2CuI + I2
………………… mol of Cu2+ reacted to form the I2.
4
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of Cu2+ in FA 3. For

Examiner’s
Use
The concentration of Cu2+ in FA 3 is ………………… mol dm–3.
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of Cu2+ in FA 2.
i
ii
iii
The concentration of Cu2+ in FA 2 is ………………… mol dm–3.
iv
Calculate the concentration, in g dm–3, of CuSO4.5H2O in FA 2.
[Ar: Cu, 63.5; H, 1.0; O, 16.0; S, 32.1] v
FA 2 contains ………………… g dm–3 CuSO4.5H2O.

[5]
(d) The maximum error in any burette reading is ±0.05 cm3.
Explain how the maximum error in a titration is therefore ±0.10 cm3.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Calculate the maximum percentage error in the average titre given in (b).
The error is ........................................... %. [1]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
5
BLANK PAGE
6
2 You are to investigate how the rate of formation of sulfur varies with the concentration of For
sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3, in the reaction below. Examiner’s
Use
Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) S(s) + 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)
Care should be taken to avoid inhalation of SO2(g) that is given off during this reaction.

FA 1, 0.15 mol dm–3 Na2S2O3 a measuring cylinder to measure 50 cm3
–3
FA 4, 2.0 mol dm HCl a measuring cylinder or marked tube to measure 5 cm3
a printed insert a stop clock or clock with seconds hand
(a) Method – Read through the instructions before starting any practical work.
• Using the larger measuring cylinder transfer 50 cm3 of FA 1 into a 250 cm3 beaker.
• Measure 5 cm3 of FA 4 in the smaller measuring cylinder (or marked tube).
• Tip the FA 4 into the FA 1 in the beaker and immediately start timing.
• Swirl the beaker to mix the solution and place it on top of the printed insert.
• View the printed insert from above so that it is seen through the solution.
• Note the time when the printing on the insert just disappears.
• Empty and rinse the beaker. Shake out as much of the rinse water as possible and
dry the outside of the beaker.
• Repeat the experiment using 25 cm3 of FA 1 and 25 cm3 of distilled water. Add
5 cm3 of FA 4 to start the reaction.
• Select suitable volumes of FA 1 and distilled water for one further experiment to
investigate the effect of sodium thiosulfate concentration on the rate of reaction.
Remember to use 5 cm3 of FA 4 and to keep the total volume of FA 1 and distilled
water constant.
In an appropriate form record the following below:

• all measurements of volume and time (to the nearest second) for each experiment,
• calculated values of 1/time which are a measure of the rate of reaction.
Results
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
[9]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
7
(b) The total volume in each experiment is constant. Using volumes from the first two For
experiments, show by simple calculation that the volume of FA 1 used is a measure of Examiner’s
its concentration in the reaction mixture. Use
[1]
(c) What is the relationship between the rate of reaction and the time taken?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) For each experiment calculate the numerical value of (volume of FA 1 × time).
experiment (volume of FA 1 × time) / (cm3 s)
Use your results in (a) and these calculated values to deduce the relationship between
the concentration of Na2S2O3 and the rate of formation of sulfur.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Outline briefly how you would modify the experimental method to investigate the effect
of temperature change on the reaction rate.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 14]
8
3 FA 5, FA 6, FA 7 and FA 8 are aqueous solutions each containing one cation and one anion. For
Examiner’s
You will carry out specified tests to deduce Use
• the cations present in two of the four solutions,

• the anions present in three of the four solutions.
At each stage of any test you are to record details of the following.

• the solubility of such precipitates in an excess of the reagent added
place in your observations.

If any solution is warmed, a boiling-tube MUST be used.
(a) Carry out the following tests. Record your observations in the spaces provided in the
table.
FA 5 FA 6 FA 7 FA 8
To 1 cm depth
of solution in a
test-tube add
aqueous sodium
hydroxide, a little
at a time, until in
excess.
To 1 cm depth
of solution in
a test-tube
add aqueous
ammonia, a little
at a time, until in
excess.
i
Using the qualitative analysis notes printed on page 11 and the observations above it is
possible to identify the cation present in one of the solutions and also to identify possible ii
cations in another of the solutions.
iii
Solution ....................... contains the single cation ....................................................... . iv
Solution ....................... contains one of the following cations, ..................................... .
[4]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
9
Rinse and re-use test-tubes. For

Examiner’s
(b) You are to select suitable reagents and carry out tests on the solutions to identify which Use
solution or solutions contain either a nitrate or a nitrite ion.
Record in an appropriate form below the tests performed and the observations made.
i
ii
Nitrate or nitrite ions are contained in solution(s) .............................................. . [2]
(c) Carry out the following tests.
FA 5 FA 6 FA 7 FA 8
To 1 cm depth of
solution in a
test-tube add
1 cm depth
of dilute
hydrochloric
acid.
Use these observations to identify the cation or anion present in each solution and
complete the table below.
solution anion/cation present reason for selecting the ion
i
ii
iii
iv
[4]
10
(d) FA 5 and FA 7 can be mixed to confirm the identity of one ion in each of the two solutions. For
Examiner’s
Use
test observation
To 1 cm depth of FA 5 in a
test-tube add 1 cm depth
of FA 7.
i
ii
This observation confirms the presence of …………… in FA 5 and …………… in FA 7.

[2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
NH+
4 (aq) ammonia produced on heating

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)


iron(II), green ppt. turning brown on contact green ppt. turning brown on contact
Fe2+(aq) with air with air
insoluble in excess insoluble in excess



manganese(II), off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown
Mn2+(aq) on contact with air on contact with air

© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4 (aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);
bromide, gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq));



NO–3 (aq)
nitrite, NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil,

sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acid)
SO2–4 (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
sulfite, SO2 liberated with dilute acids;

SO2–3 (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases

sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to green
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/M/J/09
*2645126014*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
2 hours

Session
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part Laboratory
question.
Total
SP (SHW 00157 2/08) T67843/4

2

FB 1 is 0.023 mol dm–3 potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4. Examiner’s
FB 2 is aqueous ethanedioic acid, H2C2O4, made by dissolving the hydrated salt, Use
H2C2O4.2H2O.
You are also provided with the following.
1.0 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid, H2SO4
distilled water
You are required to determine the concentration, in g dm–3, of hydrated ethanedioic acid,
H2C2O4.2H2O, in FB 2.
Dilution of FB 2
(a) By using a burette, measure between 42.50 cm3 and 43.00 cm3 of FB 2 into the 250 cm3
graduated flask, labelled FB 3.
Record your burette readings and the volume of FB 2 added to the flask in the space
below.
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FB 1.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 3 into a conical flask. Use the measuring cylinder provided to
add to the flask 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid and 40 cm3 of distilled water.
Put the thermometer in the flask and heat the solution until the temperature is just over
65 °C.
Carefully remove the thermometer and place the hot flask under the burette. If the neck
of the flask is too hot to hold safely, use a folded paper towel to hold the flask.
Run in 1 cm3 of FB 1. Swirl the flask until the colour of the potassium manganate(VII)
has disappeared then continue the titration as normal until a permanent pale pink colour
is obtained. This is the end-point.
If a brown colour appears during the titration, reheat the flask to 65 °C. The brown
colour should disappear and the titration can be completed as above.
If the brown colour does not disappear on reheating, discard the solution and start
the titration again.
Perform a rough (trial) titration and sufficient further titrations to obtain reliable i
results.
Record your titration results in the space below. Make certain that your recorded results ii
show the precision of your working. iii
iv
v
vi
[6]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
3
(b) From your titration results obtain a volume of FB 1 to be used in your calculations. Show For
clearly how you obtained this volume. Examiner’s
Use
[1]
Calculations
your calculations.
(c) Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 were run from the burette into the conical flask.
………………… mol of KMnO4 were run from the burette into the conical flask.
Put the correct number of electrons into each of the following half-equations to balance
the electrical charges.
MnO4– + 8H+ + ……… e– Mn2+ + 4H2O
C2O2–
4 2CO2 + ……… e–
Calculate how many moles of ethanedioate ions, C2O2–

4 , reacted with the KMnO4 run
from the burette.
………………… mol of ethanedioate ions reacted with the KMnO4 run from the burette.
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of C2O2–

4 in FB 3.
The concentration of C2O2– –3

4 in FB 3 is ………………… mol dm .
i
Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of C2O2–
4 in FB 2.
ii
iii
iv
The concentration of C2O2– –3 v

4 in FB 2 is ………………… mol dm .
4
Calculate the concentration, in g dm–3, of H2C2O4.2H2O in FB 2. For

[Ar: H, 1.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0] Examiner’s
Use
FB 2 contains ………………… g dm–3 H2C2O4.2H2O.

[5]
[Total: 12]
2 You are provided with the following.

FB 4, anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3
FB 5, solid sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3
3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
You are to determine the enthalpy change of reaction, H, for the following reactions.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) H1
NaHCO3(s) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2
(a) Reaction of FB 4, Na2CO3, with an excess of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
Read through the following instructions carefully before starting the experimental work.
• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker provided.

• Use the measuring cylinder to transfer 50 cm3 of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
into the plastic cup.
• Weigh the tube containing FB 4, anhydrous sodium carbonate.
• Measure and record the steady temperature of the acid in the beaker.
• Add the contents of the tube to the acid in three separate lots, taking care that
the mixture does not overflow.
• Stir and record the highest temperature obtained.
• Reweigh the tube containing residual FB 4.
Record in an appropriate form below all of your weighings and temperature

measurements together with the mass, m1, of FB 4 added and the temperature rise,
T1.
[1]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
5
(b) Calculate the temperature rise per gram of FB 4, Na2CO3, used in the experiment. For
Examiner’s
Use
T1 –1
m1 = ...................................... °C g [2]
(c) Calculate the enthalpy change, H1, for the following reaction.
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) 2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

T
H1 = – (22.79 × m 1) kJ mol–1
1
H1 = – ........................................ kJ mol–1
(d) Reaction of FB 5, NaHCO3, with an excess of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
50 cm3 of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid contains 0.15 mol HCl.
Calculate the mass of NaHCO3 that will react with 0.15 mol HCl.
[Ar: C, 12.0; H, 1.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]
[1]
The reaction of NaHCO3(s) and HCl (aq) is endothermic.

The expected fall in temperature when 1.0 g NaHCO3(s) is added to 50 cm3, an
excess, of 3.0 mol dm–3 HCl is approximately 1.5 °C.
(e) The error in reading a –10 °C to +110 °C thermometer is ±0.5 °C.
What is the maximum error when using two temperature measurements to calculate a
temperature change?
The maximum error is ± .......................................... °C. [1]
(f) Determine the maximum percentage error in the calculated temperature change when
1.0 g of NaHCO3 is added to 50 cm3 of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid.
The maximum error is ± ........................................... %. [1]
6
(g) Use your answer to (d) and the expected temperature change of −1.5 °C g–1 to select a For
mass of FB 5, NaHCO3, to use in an experiment with 50 cm3 of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric Examiner’s
acid. The mass selected should give an appropriate, measurable, temperature fall. Use
Note: The hydrochloric acid should be in excess and the percentage error in temperature
measurement should be kept to a minimum.
Mass of FB 5 to be used = .................................................. g.
Predicted temperature fall = ................................................ °C.

[1]
(h) Read through the instructions before starting any practical work.
• Empty, rinse, and shake dry the plastic cup used in (a).
• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker provided.
• Use the measuring cylinder to transfer 50 cm3 of 3.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
into the plastic cup.
• Weigh the empty tube labelled NaHCO3.
• Add the mass of FB 5 you have selected in (g) to the tube and reweigh.
• Measure and record the steady temperature of the acid in the beaker.
• Add the contents of the tube to the acid in three separate lots, taking care that
the mixture does not overflow.
• Stir and record the lowest temperature obtained.
• Reweigh the tube containing residual FB 5.
Record in an appropriate form below all of your weighings and temperature measurements
together with the mass, m2, of FB 5 added and the temperature fall, T2.
[2]
(i) Calculate the temperature fall per gram of FB 5, NaHCO3, used in the experiment.
T2 –1
m2 = ........................................... °C g
[3]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
7
(j) Calculate the enthalpy change, H2, for the following reaction. For
Examiner’s
NaHCO3(s) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) Use
T
H2 = + (18.06 × m 2 ) kJ mol–1
2
H2 = + ........................................ kJ mol–1
(k) It is not possible to measure experimentally the enthalpy change, H3, for the following
reaction as it does not take place in the laboratory.
Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2NaHCO3(s)
It is possible, however, to calculate a “theoretical” value of H3 for this reaction from the
results of the experiments you have carried out and a Hess cycle.
2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) H3 2NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq)
H1 2H2
2NaCl (aq) + 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
Derive an equation to link H1, H2, and H3.
Use your equation and the results from (c) and (j) to calculate a value for H3.
H3 = ........................................ kJ mol–1

[2]
(l) Suggest a modification to the experimental method in order to reduce the transfer of
heat energy to or from the contents of the plastic cup during the experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 15]
8
3 FB 6 and FB 7 each contain one of the following sodium halides, NaCl, NaBr, NaI. For
Examiner’s
(a) Place half of the solid FB 6 provided in a test-tube. Half fill the test-tube with distilled Use
water and shake to dissolve the solid. Label the tube FB 6.

Do the same with FB 7, labelling the tube FB 7.
Keep the remaining solid for (c).
(b) You are to select appropriate reagents from those provided and to perform tests to
identify which halide ion is present in FB 6 and which in FB 7.
Retain some of the FB 7 solution for test (d).
In an appropriate form below record the tests performed and the results of those tests.
i
ii
iii
From the recorded observations the following halides are identified.
iv
FB 6 contains ......................................................
FB 7 contains ......................................................
[4]
(c) Carry out the following tests. [Care: unpleasant fumes may be produced]
test observations
FB 6 FB 7
Place the remaining solid in a clean,

dry test-tube and add 5 drops of
concentrated sulfuric acid (care: the
concentrated acid is very corrosive),
then as soon as you have made your

observation,
half fill the test-tube with distilled water

to dissolve the remaining solid and any
fumes produced.
Transfer 1 cm depth of the resulting

solution to a test-tube and add a few
drops of starch solution.
[2]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
9
(d) Carry out the following tests. For

Examiner’s
Use
test observations
Place 1 cm depth of the solution of FB 7
prepared in (a) in a test-tube.
Add 1 cm depth of aqueous bromine,

[Care: unpleasant fumes]
then,
add a few drops of starch solution.
[1]
(e) Use your observations and knowledge of halogen chemistry to explain the reactions in
(c) and identify the chemical behaviour of the concentrated sulfuric acid in the reaction.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Use your observations and knowledge of halogen chemistry to explain what happens
when the solutions are mixed in (d).
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3]
10
(f) FB 8 and FB 9 each contain one cation from those listed on page 11. For
Examiner’s
Carry out the following tests to identify the cation present in each solution. Use
test observations
FB 8 FB 9
To 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube,

add aqueous sodium hydroxide a little at
a time
then,
add an excess of the reagent to give no

more than 4 cm depth of solution in the
test-tube.
To 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube,

add aqueous ammonia a little at a time
then,
add an excess of the reagent to give no

more than 4 cm depth of solution in the
test-tube.
The cation present in FB 8 is ......................................................
The cation present in FB 9 is ......................................................

[3]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
NH+
4 (aq) ammonia produced on heating

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)






© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4 (aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);



NO–3 (aq)

sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acid)
SO2–4 (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

SO2–3 (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases

sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns aqueous acidified potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to green
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/M/J/09
*2141 916687*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
2 hours

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Session
part question.
Laboratory
Total
DC (SJF5445/CGW) 11612/5
www.XtremePapers.net
2

Examiner’s
FA 1, 2 .0 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid, H2SO4

FA 2, aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH
The reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide is exothermic.

In separate experiments you will add increasing volumes of FA 2 to a fixed volume of
FA 1. In each experiment you will measure the maximum temperature rise. As the volume of
FA 2 is increased, this maximum temperature rise will increase and then decrease.
By measuring the maximum temperature rise for different mixtures of the two reagents you
are to determine the following.
• the concentration of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, in FA 2
• the enthalpy change when 1 mol of H2SO4 is neutralised by NaOH
(a) Method
• Fill the burette with FA 1.

• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker.
• Run 10.00 cm3 of FA 1 from the burette into the plastic cup.
• Measure 10 cm3 of FA 2 in a measuring cylinder.
• Place the thermometer in the FA 2 in the measuring cylinder and record the steady
temperature of the solution.
• Tip the FA 2 in the measuring cylinder into the plastic cup, stir and record the
maximum temperature obtained in the reaction.
• Empty and rinse the plastic cup. Rinse the thermometer. Shake dry the plastic cup.
• Carry out the experiment four more times. Each time use 10.00 cm3 of FA 1.
Use 20 cm3, 30 cm3, 40 cm3 and 50 cm3 of FA 2 in these different experiments.
Carry out two further experiments.

Choose volumes of FA 2 which will allow you to investigate more precisely the volume
of FA 2 that produces the highest temperature rise when added to 10.00 cm3 of FA 1.
Results
Record your results in an appropriate form showing, for each experiment, the volumes
of solution used, temperature measurements and the temperature rise. i
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
viii
ix
[9]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
3
(b) Use the grid below to plot a graph of temperature rise (y-axis) against the volume of For
FA 2 added (x-axis). Examiner’s
Draw a line of best fit through the points where the temperature rise is increasing and Use
another line through the points where the temperature rise is decreasing.
The intersection of these lines represents the temperature rise for the volume of FA 2
that exactly neutralises the sulfuric acid present in 10.00 cm3 of FA 1.
ii
iii
iv
[4]
4
(c) Read from the graph the volume of FA 2 that gives the maximum temperature rise. For
Examiner’s
The volume of FA 2 giving the maximum temperature rise is ………….. cm3. [1] Use
(d) Explain why the temperature rise is plotted on the y-axis rather than on the x-axis.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Construct the balanced equation for the reaction of sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) (i) Calculate how many moles of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, are contained in 10.00 cm3 of
FA 1.
10.00 cm3 of FA 1 contain ………….. mol of H2SO4.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of NaOH are required to neutralise the amount of H2SO4
calculated in (i) above.
The sulfuric acid in 10.00 cm3 of FA 1 is neutralised by ………… mol of NaOH.

[2]
(g) Use the equation below to calculate the concentration of NaOH in FA 2.

1000
concentration of NaOH (mol dm–3) = answer to (f)(ii) ×
volume of FA 2 (cm3) from (c)
The concentration of NaOH in FA 2 = ………………………. mol dm–3. [1]
(h) Read the maximum temperature rise from the graph and use this to calculate the enthalpy
change when 1 mol H2SO4 is neutralised by NaOH. Give your answer in kJ mol–1 and
include the correct sign for the reaction.
[4.3 J are absorbed or released when the temperature of 1 cm3 of solution changes by
1 °C. Remember that separate volumes of FA 1 and FA 2 were mixed together.]
ΔH = ……………………… kJ mol–1. [2]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
5
(i) A student suggested that the accuracy of the experiment would be improved if the For
volume of FA 2 had been measured using a burette rather than a measuring cylinder. Examiner’s
Suggest an advantage and a disadvantage of using a burette in the procedure. Use
advantage ........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ...................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(j) Identify two further significant sources of error, other than the measurement of volume,
in the experiments used for measuring temperature rise.
error 1 ..............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
error 2 ..............................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(k) Complete the sections below.
(i) The maximum error in taking a temperature reading on a thermometer with
graduations at 1 °C is ………………°C.
(ii) The temperature rise when 30 cm3 of FA 2 is added to 10.00 cm3 of FA 1
is ………………°C.
(iii) Calculate the maximum percentage error due to the thermometer when measuring
the temperature rise in (ii) above.
The maximum percentage error = ……………… %.

[2]
[Total: 26]
6
2 Solutions FA 3, FA 4 and FA 5 each contain a Group 2 halide. For

Solution FA 6 contains a potassium salt. Examiner’s
Use
You will carry out tests to deduce the following.

• the anion present in FA 6
• the solution containing the chloride ions
• the solution containing barium ions
• the formation of any precipitate and the colour of the precipitate

If any solution is warmed directly with a Bunsen burner a boiling-tube MUST be used.
Rinse and reuse test-tubes where possible.
(a) Use information from the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 11 to select a pair of
reagents that, used together, identify the halide ion present.
The reagents are ……………………………..…………
followed by ……………………………..………… . [1]
(b) Use your chosen reagents to carry out tests on FA 3, FA 4 and FA 5.

Record your results in an appropriate form in the space below.
[2]
(c) From the results of the tests in (b) state which solution contains the chloride ion, Cl –.
Solution ………….. contains the chloride ion.
Explain the evidence that supports your conclusion.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
7
(d) Carry out the following tests on each of the solutions FA 3, FA 4 and FA 5. For
Record your observations below. Examiner’s
Use
observations
test
FA 3 FA 4 FA 5
To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-
tube, add 2 cm depth
of aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
To 1 cm depth of
add 2 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
To 1 cm depth of
add 1 cm depth of
FA 6.
[3]
(e) To 1 cm depth of FA 6 in a test-tube add 1 cm depth of dilute sulfuric acid.
observation
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
8
(f) From your observations in (d) and (e) you should be able to identify the anion in FA 6 For
and which of the solutions FA 3, FA 4 or FA 5 contains barium cations. Examiner’s
Use
The anion present in FA 6 is ………………………. .
Ba2+ ions are contained in solution ………………………. .
Explain how your observations support your conclusions for
(i) the anion present in FA 6, .......................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) the solution containing Ba2+ ions. ............................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[1]
Read through the remainder of question 2 before starting further practical work.
Heat a half-full 250 cm3 beaker of water for use as a hot water-bath.
(g) FA 7, FA 8, FA 9 and FA 10 are organic compounds. Each contains one of the following
different functional groups.
• primary alcohol
• tertiary alcohol
• aldehyde
• ketone
You are to react some of these compounds with some of the following reagents.
• acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI)
• 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) reagent
• ammoniacal silver nitrate (Tollens’ reagent)
You are provided with the first two reagents. You must prepare the last of these reagents,
Tollens’ reagent, immediately before use. Follow the instructions in the box below.
To 2 cm depth of aqueous silver nitrate in a boiling-tube add ½ cm depth of aqueous

sodium hydroxide. This will produce a brown precipitate of silver(I) oxide.
Add aqueous ammonia a little at a time, with continuous shaking, until the brown
precipitate just dissolves. Do not add an excess of aqueous ammonia.
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
9
In each of the following tests add a few drops of the reagent to 1 cm depth of FA 7, FA 8, For
FA 9 and FA 10 in separate test-tubes. Examiner’s
Use
In the tests using acidified potassium dichromate(VI) and Tollens’ reagent, if no initial
reaction is seen, warm that tube and its contents in your hot water-bath. There is no
need to heat any tube to which you have added 2,4-DNPH reagent.
Do not heat any tube with a naked flame.
Record your results in the table below.
Do not carry out tests for the shaded boxes.
observations
reagent
FA 7 FA 8 FA 9 FA 10
acidified
potassium
dichromate(VI)
2,4-DNPH
reagent
Tollens’ reagent
[3]
(h) State which of the solutions contains a tertiary alcohol. Explain the observations leading
to your conclusion.
FA …………… contains the tertiary alcohol.
explanation ......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
State which of the solutions contains the aldehyde. Explain the observations leading to
your conclusion.
FA …………… contains the aldehyde.
explanation ......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
10
Key: [ ppt. = precipitate. ]
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
–
NH4+(aq) ammonia produced on heating
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


green ppt. turning brown on contact green ppt. turning brown on contact
iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown off-white ppt. rapidly turning brown
manganese(II),
on contact with air on contact with air
Mn2+(aq)
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
11
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil
NO3– (aq)
NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil;
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) or with Pb2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute
strong acids);
SO42– (aq)
SO32– (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids)
3 Tests for gases

sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) from orange to green
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
12
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/M/J/10
*8263371454*
CHEMISTRY 9701/33
2 hours


Total
This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (LEO/SW) 23111/3
2
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
3
1 You are required to determine the molar enthalpy change of solution for ammonium chloride, For
FA 1. Examiner’s
Use
When an exothermic reaction takes place in a container such as a beaker, some of the
evolved heat energy is absorbed by the beaker.
When an endothermic reaction takes place some of the required heat energy is supplied by
the beaker.
The amount of heat energy evolved or supplied for a 1 °C change in temperature is known as
the heat capacity of the beaker.
In preparation for your experiment to determine the molar enthalpy change of solution for
FA 1 you will first need to determine the approximate heat capacity of a 250 cm3 beaker.
Before starting any practical work read through the instructions in (a) and draw up a
table to record your results.
4
(a) Determining the approximate heat capacity of the 250 cm3 beaker For
Examiner’s
When samples of hot and cold water are mixed in the 250 cm3 beaker, some heat is lost Use
to the beaker in raising its temperature. To determine the approximate heat capacity of
your 250 cm3 beaker, you will determine the maximum temperature rise when a sample
of hot water is added to cold water in the beaker.
• Use a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to transfer 50 cm3 of cold water into the 250 cm3
beaker.
• Use the 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to transfer 50 cm3 of cold water into a 100 cm3
beaker. Note the temperature of the water in this 100 cm3 beaker and heat it
carefully and gently until the temperature of the water in it has increased by
45–50 °C then stop heating, e.g. if the water is at 20.0 °C you should warm it to
65–70 °C.
• Stir the cold water in the 250 cm3 beaker with the thermometer.
• Record the temperature of the cold water (this is the temperature at t = 0 min).
• Record the temperature each minute for 3 minutes.
• After you have taken the reading at t = 3 min, use the thermometer to stir the hot
water in the 100 cm3 beaker.
• At t = 4 min, measure the temperature of the hot water and record this value in the
box below.
• Immediately add the hot water from the 100 cm3 beaker to the cold water in the
250 cm3 beaker. Stir with the thermometer but do not record the temperature.
• Continue to stir the water throughout the experiment.
• Record the temperature at t = 5 min, and then every ½ minute until t = 8 min.
• Empty and rinse the 250 cm3 beaker. Dry it using a paper towel.
• Record all measurements of time and temperature obtained.
The temperature, T1, of the hot water at t = 4 min is ………… °C.
Table of results
[3]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
5
(b) Graph plotting For

1. Plot a graph of the temperature of the water in the 250 cm3 beaker (y-axis) against Examiner’s
time (x-axis) on the grid below. Use
Do not plot the temperature, T1, of the hot water at t = 4 min.
2. Draw two straight lines of best fit; one through the points up to t = 3 min; the second
through the points from t = 5 min to t = 8 min. Extrapolate both lines to t = 4 min.
3. From the extrapolated lines read the minimum and the maximum temperatures at
t = 4 min. Record these values in the spaces provided below.
4. Determine the values for the two temperature changes at t = 4 min.
Minimum temperature, T2, at t = 4 min is ............... °C.
Maximum temperature, T3, at t = 4 min is ............... °C.
Temperature rise for 50 cm3 of cold water in the 250 cm3 beaker, (T3 – T2) is ............... °C.
Temperature fall for 50 cm3 of hot water from the 100 cm3 beaker, (T1 – T3) is ............... °C.
[4]
6
(c) Calculations For

Examiner’s
Working should be shown in all calculations. Use
[4.2 J are absorbed or released when the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of water changes by
1.0 °C.]
(i) Calculate the heat energy gained by the 50 cm3 of cold water in the 250 cm3
beaker.
The heat energy gained by the cold water = ………… J.
(ii) Calculate the heat energy lost by the 50 cm3 of hot water from the 100 cm3 beaker.
The heat energy lost by the hot water = ………… J.
(iii) The difference between the values calculated in (i) and (ii) is an approximate value
for the total heat energy absorbed by the 250 cm3 beaker during the experiment.
The heat capacity of the beaker is the amount of heat energy absorbed for a 1 °C
change in temperature.
approximate heat capacity = (heat energy lost) – (heat energy gained) J °C–1
of the 250 cm3 beaker (T3 – T2)
Use your answers to (i) and (ii) and the temperature rise from (b) to calculate the
approximate heat capacity of the 250 cm3 beaker.
The approximate heat capacity of the 250 cm3 beaker = ………… J °C–1.
[1]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
7
BLANK PAGE
8
(d) Determining the enthalpy change of solution for ammonium chloride For
Examiner’s
Follow the instructions below to find the temperature change when a known mass of Use
solid ammonium chloride dissolves in water.
You are provided with two samples of ammonium chloride. You should use the sample
labelled NH4Cl i n experiment 1 and the sample labelled FA 1 in experiment 2.
Experiment 1
• Enter all results in the table below.
• Weigh the stoppered tube containing ammonium chloride, which is labelled
NH4Cl.
• Use the 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to transfer 100 cm3 of cold water into the rinsed
and dried 250 cm3 beaker used in (a).
• Stir the water in the beaker with the thermometer and record the temperature.
• Add the solid from the weighed tube to the water.
• Stir the mixture constantly with the thermometer.
• Record the minimum temperature obtained in the solution.
• Reweigh the tube labelled NH4Cl, its stopper and any residual ammonium
chloride.
• Empty and rinse the beaker and dry it using a paper towel.
Experiment 2
• Weigh a clean, dry, boiling-tube.
• Weigh between 9.8 g and 10.2 g of FA 1, ammonium chloride, into the boiling-tube.
• Repeat the procedure in experiment 1 and record the minimum temperature
obtained when this mass of FA 1 dissolves in 100 cm3 of water.
• Reweigh the boiling-tube and any residual ammonium chloride.
Results
experiment 1 experiment 2
mass of tube + ammonium chloride / g
mass of empty tube / g
mass of tube + residual ammonium chloride / g
mass of ammonium chloride / g
initial temperature of water / °C
minimum temperature obtained / °C
temperature fall, ΔT / oC
[6]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
9
(e) Calculations For

Examiner’s
(i) Use the temperature fall from (d), experiment 1, to calculate the change in heat
energy of the solution.
[4.3 J are absorbed or released when the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of solution
changes by 1.0 °C.]
The change in heat energy of the solution = ................. J.
(ii) To calculate the total change in heat energy as ammonium chloride dissolves in
water, the change in heat energy of the 250 cm3 beaker has to be added to the
change in heat energy of the solution.
Explain why these two changes in heat energy have to be added together.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) Use your answer in (i) above and the approximate heat capacity of the 250 cm3
beaker calculated in (c)(iii) to calculate the combined change in heat energy of the
beaker and solution.
The combined change in heat energy of the beaker and solution = ................. J.
(iv) Calculate how many moles of FA 1, NH4Cl, were used in (d), experiment 1. i
[Ar; Cl, 35.5; H, 1.0; N, 14.0]
ii
iii
iv
………… mol of FA 1 were used in experiment 1.
10
(v) Calculate the enthalpy change when 1 mol of FA 1 dissolves in an excess of water. For
This is the molar enthalpy change of solution, ΔHsolution (NH4Cl ). Examiner’s
Make certain that your answer is given in kJ mol–1 and has the appropriate sign. Use
ΔHsolution (NH4Cl ) = ........ ............................ kJ mol–1.

sign calculated value
(vi) Explain the significance of the sign you have given in (v) and how it is related to
your experimental results.
v
.................................................................................................................................. vi
.................................................................................................................................. vii
.................................................................................................................................. viii
[8]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
11
(f) Evaluation For

Examiner’s
A data book value for the molar enthalpy change of solution, ΔHsolution (NH4Cl ), Use
is +15.2 kJ mol–1.
The value you have obtained may be significantly different from this value.
Calculate the difference between your value of ΔHsolution (NH4Cl ) and the data book
value. Record this difference below. Express this difference as a percentage of the data
book value.
difference = ……………….. kJ mol–1
percentage difference = ……………….. %

[1]
(g) Sources of error
Describe one major source of error in this experiment. Suggest an improvement

which would significantly increase the accuracy of the experiment. Explain why your
suggestion would produce a more accurate value.
description of major source of error
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
suggested improvement
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
explanation of why suggestion would increase experimental accuracy
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 25]
12
2 (a) You are provided with three solutions, FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4. The only anions that may be For
present in these solutions are sulfate and carbonate. One or more of the solutions may Examiner’s
contain both anions. Use
Identification of the anions in FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4.
Most metal carbonates are insoluble, most metal sulfates are soluble and all metal
nitrates are soluble in water.
(i) Use this information and the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 16 to select
• reagent 1, to identify any carbonate ion present,
• reagent 2, to identify any sulfate ion present.
reagent 1 ............................................. reagent 2 ............................................. [1]
(ii) Explain the order in which you will add your chosen reagents to determine the
anion or anions present in each of FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Use the reagents selected in (a)(i) to test each of the solutions FA 2, FA 3 and FA 4.
Record your observations in the table below.
observations
reagent
FA 2 FA 3 FA 4
[2]
(iv) From your observations, identify the anion or anions present in each of the
solutions.
solution carbonate sulfate evidence
FA 2
FA 3
FA 4
[2]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
(b) You are provided with four solutions, FA 5, FA 6, FA 7 and FA 8. Perform the test-tube experiments described below and record your observations
in the table. Where gases are released they should be identified by a test, described in the appropriate place in your observations.
© UCLES 2010
observations
tests
FA 5 FA 6 FA 7 FA 8
(i) To about 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube,

add 10 drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Shake the mixture,
then add a further 2 cm depth of aqueous

sodium hydroxide.
Shake the mixture again,
then leave the tube to stand for 2–3 minutes.
(ii) If no precipitate has formed in test (i) above;

13
transfer the solution to a boiling-tube and

warm gently with a Bunsen burner.
9701/33/M/J/10
Care: heating aqueous sodium hydroxide
in a tube may cause the solution to be
ejected from the tube.
(iii) To about 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube,

add 10 drops of aqueous ammonia.
Shake the mixture,
then add a further 2 cm depth of aqueous
ammonia.
Shake the mixture again,
then leave the tube to stand for 2–3 minutes.
[7]
i
[Turn over
v
ii
vi
iv
iii
For
vii
Use
Examiner’s
14
(c) From your observations in (b), identify the cation present in each of the following For
solutions. Examiner’s
Use
solution cation evidence
FA 5
FA 6
FA 8
[2]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
15
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
–
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
16
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
NO3– (aq)
NH3 liberated on heating with OH–(aq) and Al foil;
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acid) or
gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
SO42– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

sulfur dioxide, SO2 turns acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to
green
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/M/J/10
*1626130202*
CHEMISTRY 9701/34
2 hours


Total
DC (SJF5449/CGW) 11614/4
2

Examiner’s
• weighing bottles/tubes labelled FB 1, FB 2 and FB 3; each containing a different mass

of sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3
• additional solid sodium hydrogencarbonate (approximately 10 g)
• FB 4, 3 .0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, HCl
The reaction of sodium hydrogencarbonate with hydrochloric acid is endothermic.
By measuring the maximum temperature decrease when the different masses of sodium
hydrogencarbonate react with hydrochloric acid you are to determine the enthalpy change of
neutralisation for 1 mol of NaHCO3 with HCl.
(a) Method
• Weigh the bottle/tube containing the sodium hydrogencarbonate labelled FB 1.

• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker.
• Use the measuring cylinder to transfer 30 cm3 of FB 4 into the plastic cup.
• Place the thermometer in the acid in the plastic cup and record the steady
temperature of the acid.
• Add the contents of the weighed tube, FB 1, to the acid in the plastic cup, a little at
a time with constant stirring.
• You should add the solid as quickly as possible – taking care to minimise any acid
spray from the plastic cup.
Avoid breathing any fumes from the experiment. i
• Record the minimum temperature obtained in the reaction.
• Reweigh the emptied tube, FB 1, containing any remaining solid that was not tipped ii
from the tube. iii
• Empty and rinse the plastic cup. Rinse the thermometer. Shake dry the plastic cup.
• Repeat the experiment using tubes labelled FB 2 and FB 3. In each experiment iv
use 30 cm3 of FB 4.
v
Carry two
out further experiments.
Using the empty weighing bottles/tubes, labelled FB 5 and FB 6, weigh two further vi
masses of sodium hydrogencarbonate. Choose masses to enable you to plot an vii
appropriate graph of temperature change against mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate.
viii
Results
Record your results in an appropriate form showing, for each experiment, the ix
measurements of mass and temperature and the calculated temperature fall.
[9]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
3
(b) Use the grid below to plot a graph of decrease in temperature (y-axis) against the mass For
of sodium hydrogencarbonate added (x-axis). Examiner’s
Draw a line of best fit through the plotted points. Use
You should consider if the best-fit line passes through the origin (0,0) of the graph.
ii
iii
iv
[4]
4
(c) Explain why the mass of NaHCO3 is plotted on the x-axis rather than on the y-axis. For
Examiner’s
......................................................................................................................................... Use
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Construct the balanced equation for the reaction of NaHCO3 with hydrochloric acid.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Calculate the gradient of your graph.

Show all of your working clearly, both construction lines on the graph and working in the
calculation.
[3]
(f) Although there is insufficient acid in 30 cm3 of FB 4 to neutralise 1 mol of NaHCO3 it is

possible to calculate the theoretical fall in temperature for this reaction.
Use your answer from (e) to calculate this value.
[Ar: C, 12.0; H, 1.0; Na, 23.0; O, 16.0]
The theoretical fall in temperature for 1 mol of NaHCO3 = ………………………. °C [1]
(g) Calculate the theoretical enthalpy change for the neutralisation of 1 mol of NaHCO3
by hydrochloric acid. Give your answer in kJ mol–1 and include the correct sign for the
reaction.
[4.3 J are absorbed or released when the temperature of 1 cm3 of solution changes by
1 °C.]
ΔH = ……………………… kJ mol–1 [2]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
5
(h) Suggest two ways in which your apparatus could be modified to reduce transfer of heat For
from the surroundings to the solution in the apparatus. Examiner’s
Use
modification 1 ..................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
modification 2 ..................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(i) State and explain why the experiment would be more accurate if the volumes of FB 4
had been measured using a burette instead of a measuring cylinder.
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(j) The mass of NaHCO3 used in a further experiment and its associated temperature
change are shown in the tables below.
• The mass was obtained on a balance reading to 1 decimal place.
• The thermometer used was graduated at 1 °C.
Complete the table to show the errors in these results.
mass of NaHCO3 5.6 g temperature change –12.0 °C
maximum error in maximum error in a

a single balance single thermometer
reading ± ………… g reading ± ………… °C
% error in measured % error in

mass ………… % temperature change ………… %
[2]
(k) Two students add 6.0 g of sodium carbonate to 50.00 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid. Each student repeats the experiment a number of times.
The thermometer readings and temperature changes obtained consistently by each
student are shown below.
initial temperature final temperature temperature rise

/ °C / °C / °C
student 1 20.0 28.0 8.0
student 2 19.0 27.0 8.0
Suggest the type of error shown by these results.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 26]
6
2 FB 7 and FB 8 are aqueous solutions of salts. One of these contains two cations and one For
anion. Examiner’s
The other contains one cation and one anion. Use
Both FB 7 and FB 8 have a common cation.
You will carry out tests to deduce the following.

• the cations present in each solution
• whether a sulfate ion is present in either solution
• the formation of any precipitate and the colour of the precipitate

If any solution is warmed directly with a Bunsen burner a boiling-tube MUST be used.
reagents that, used together, determine whether a sulfate ion is present in either
solution.
The reagents are …………………………………………
followed by ………………………………………… . [1]
(b) Use your chosen reagents to carry out tests on FB 7 and FB 8.

Record your results in an appropriate form in the space below.
[2]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
7
(c) From your observations in (b) show with a tick which of the following statements is true. For
Examiner’s
Use
FB 7 contains the sulfate ion
FB 8 contains the sulfate ion
neither solution contains the sulfate ion
Explain the evidence that supports your conclusion.
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Carry out the following tests on the solutions FB 7 and FB 8.

Record your observations below.
test observations
FB 7 FB 8
To 1 cm depth of solution
in a boiling-tube, add 2 cm
depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide;
then
warm the solution gently.
Care is needed when

heating aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
To 1 cm depth of solution in a
test-tube, add 2 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
[3]
(e) To 1 cm depth of FB 7 in a test-tube add 1 cm depth of sodium hydroxide.

Leave to stand for a few minutes.
observation
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
8
(f) From your observations in (d) and (e) you should be able to identify the common cation For
in the solutions and the second cation in one of the solutions. Examiner’s
Use
The common cation present in both solutions is ………………………. .
The second cation contained in one of the solutions is ………………………. .
Explain how your observations support your conclusions for
(i) the common cation,
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) the second cation.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[1]
Read through the remainder of question 2 before starting further practical work.
Heat a half-full 250 cm3 beaker of water for use as a hot water-bath.
(g) FB 9, FB 10, FB 11 and FB 12 are organic compounds. Each contains one of the
following different functional groups.
• primary coholal
• secondary cohol al
• aldehyde
• ketone
You are to react each of these compounds with some of the following reagents.
• acidified aqueous potassium dichromate(VI)
• 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) reagent
• ammoniacal silver nitrate (Tollens’ reagent)
You are provided with the first two reagents. You must prepare the last of these reagents,
Tollens’ reagent, immediately before use. Follow the instructions in the box below.
To 2 cm depth of aqueous silver nitrate in a boiling-tube add ½ cm depth of aqueous

sodium hydroxide. This will produce a brown precipitate of silver(I) oxide.
Add aqueous ammonia a little at a time, with continuous shaking, until the brown
precipitate just dissolves. Do not add an excess of aqueous ammonia.
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
9
In each of the following tests add a few drops of the reagent to 1 cm depth of FB 9, For
FB 10, FB 11 and FB 12 in separate test-tubes. Examiner’s
Use
In the tests using acidified potassium dichromate(VI) and Tollens’ reagent, if no initial
reaction is seen, warm that tube and its contents in your hot water-bath. There is no
need to heat any tube to which you have added 2,4-DNPH reagent.
Do not heat any tube with a naked flame.
Record your results in the table below.
Do not carry out tests for the shaded boxes.
observations
reagent
FB 9 FB 10 FB 11 FB 12
acidified
potassium
dichromate(VI)
2,4-DNPH
reagent
Tollens’ reagent
[3]
(h) State which of the solutions contain alcohols. Explain the observations leading to your
conclusion.
FB …………… and FB …………… contain alcohols.
explanation .....................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
State which solution contains the ketone. Explain the observations leading to your
conclusion.
FB …………… contains the ketone.
explanation .....................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
10
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
–
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
11
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
nitrate, NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil
NO3– (aq)
NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil;
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
strong acids);
SO42– (aq)
SO32– (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acids)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
12
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/M/J/10
*5803539249*
CHEMISTRY 9701/35
2 hours


Total
DC (LEO/SW) 23108/2
2
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
3
1 You are required to find the molar enthalpy change for the decomposition of sodium For
hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3. Examiner’s
Use
NaHCO3 ½Na2CO3 + ½H2O + ½CO2
FA 1 is anhydrous sodium hydrogencarbonate. FA 2 is anhydrous sodium carbonate.

FA 3 i s 4.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid.
You will determine the value for the molar enthalpy change of neutralisation for each of
FA 1 and FA 2, using an excess of FA 3. You will then use these values to calculate the molar
enthalpy change for the decomposition of sodium hydrogencarbonate.
Warning: 4.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid is an irritant.

Very rapid effervescence occurs when FA 1 or FA 2 are added to FA 3.
For safe working, and to minimize the formation of ‘acid mist’, the solid must
be added carefully, with stirring, to the acid. See further instructions below.
Before starting any practical work read through the instructions in (a) and draw up
two tables to record your results.
4
(a) Determining the molar enthalpy change of neutralisation between FA 1 and FA 3 For
Examiner’s
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 Use
Follow the instructions below to determine the temperature change when a known mass of
FA 1, sodium hydrogencarbonate, reacts with an excess of FA 3, hydrochloric acid.
• Weigh the stoppered tube labelled FA 1 containing sodium hydrogencarbonate.

• Use a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to transfer 50 cm3 of FA 3 into a 250 cm3 beaker.
• Stir the acid in the beaker with the thermometer. Record the temperature of the
acid; this is the temperature at t = 0 min.
• Record the temperature each minute for 3 minutes.
• At t = 4 min, start to carefully add the weighed sample of FA 1 to the acid.
• Add the solid in at least 4 or 5 portions to prevent excessive effervescence.
• While adding the solid stir the mixture constantly with the thermometer, but do not
record the temperature.
• Continue to stir the mixture throughout the experiment.
• Record the temperature at t = 5 min, then every ½ minute until t = 8 min.
• Reweigh the tube labelled FA 1, its stopper and any residual sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
• In one of your tables record the balance readings and the mass of FA 1 added;
in the second table record all measurements of time and temperature.
Table of results
[3]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
5
(b) Graph plotting For

Examiner’s
1. Plot a graph of temperature (y-axis) against time (x-axis) on the grid below. Use
2. Draw two straight lines of best fit; one through the points up to t = 3 min; the second
through the points from t = 5 min to t = 8 min. Extrapolate both lines to t = 4 min.
3. From the extrapolated lines read the minimum and the maximum temperatures at
t = 4 min. Record these values in the spaces provided below.
4. Determine the value for the temperature fall at t = 4 min.
The minimum temperature at t = 4 min is …………. °C.
The maximum temperature at t = 4 min is ………… °C.
The temperature fall, ΔT1, at t = 4 min is ………… °C.

[4]
6
(c) Calculations For

Examiner’s
(i) Use the equation below and the temperature fall, ΔT1, from (b) to calculate the
change in heat energy during the reaction of FA 1 with FA 3.
change in heat energy = 50 × 4.3 × ΔT1
The change in heat energy = .................. J.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of FA 1, NaHCO3, were used in your experiment.
[Ar; C, 12.0; H, 1.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]
.................. mol of FA 1 were used in the experiment.
(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change when 1 mol of FA 1 reacts with an excess of the
hydrochloric acid, FA 3.
This is the molar enthalpy change of neutralisation, ΔHneutralisation (NaHCO3).
Make certain that your answer is given in kJ mol–1 and has the appropriate sign.
ΔHneutralisation(NaHCO3) = ........ ............................ kJ mol–1.

(iv) Explain the significance of the sign you have given in (iii) and how it is related to
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
7
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8
(d) Determining the molar enthalpy change of neutralisation between FA 2 and FA 3 For
Examiner’s
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 Use
Follow the instructions below to find the temperature change when a known mass of
FA 2, sodium carbonate, reacts with an excess of FA 3, hydrochloric acid.
You are provided with two samples of sodium carbonate. You should use the sample
labelled Na2CO3 in experiment 1 and the sample labelled FA 2 in experiment 2.
Experiment 1
• Weigh the stoppered tube containing sodium carbonate, which is labelled Na2CO3.
• Use a 50 cm3 measuring cylinder to transfer 50 cm3 of FA 3 into the rinsed and
dried 250 cm3 beaker used in (a).
• Stir the acid in the beaker with the thermometer and record the temperature.
• Start to add carefully the weighed sample of Na2CO3 to the acid.
• As in the experiment in (a), add the solid in at least 4 or 5 portions to prevent
excessive effervescence.
• While adding the solid stir the mixture constantly with the thermometer.
• Record the maximum temperature obtained during the reaction.
• Reweigh the tube labelled Na2CO3, its stopper and any residual sodium
carbonate.
Experiment 2
• Weigh a clean, dry, boiling-tube.
• Weigh between 7.0 g and 7.5 g of FA 2, sodium carbonate, into the boiling-tube.
• Repeat the procedure in experiment 1 and record the maximum temperature
obtained when this mass of FA 2 reacts with 50 cm3 of FA 3.
• Reweigh the boiling-tube and any residual sodium carbonate.
Results
mass of tube + anhydrous sodium carbonate / g
mass of empty tube / g
mass of tube + residual sodium carbonate / g
mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate / g
initial temperature of acid / oC
maximum temperature obtained / oC
temperature rise, ΔT2 / oC

[6]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
9
(e) Calculations For

Examiner’s
(i) Use the equation below and the temperature rise, ΔT2, from (d) for experiment 1
to calculate the change in heat energy during the reaction of sodium carbonate
with FA 3.
change in heat energy = 50 × 4.3 × ΔT2
Change in heat energy = .................. J.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of sodium carbonate were used in your experiment 1.
[Ar; C, 12.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]
.................. mol of sodium carbonate were used in experiment 1.
(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change when 1 mol of sodium carbonate reacts with an
excess of the hydrochloric acid, FA 3.
This is the molar enthalpy change of reaction, ΔHneutralisation(Na2CO3).
Make certain that your answer is given in kJ mol–1 and has the appropriate sign.
ΔHneutralisation(Na2CO3) = ........ ............................ kJ mol–1.

(iv) Explain the significance of the sign you have given in (iii) and how it is related to
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[5]
10
(f) Calculating the enthalpy change of decomposition of FA 1, ΔHdecomposition(NaHCO3) For

Examiner’s
Use your values for ΔHneutralisation (NaHCO3) and ΔHneutralisation (Na2CO3) in the Use
expression below to calculate a value for the molar enthalpy change of decomposition,
ΔH decomposition (NaHCO3), for FA 1.
ΔH decomposition (NaHCO3) = ΔHneutralisation (NaHCO3) – ½ΔHneutralisation (Na2CO3)
ΔHdecomposition(NaHCO3) = ........ ............................ kJ mol–1.

[1]
(g) Evaluation
An alternative method for the determination of ΔHdecomposition (NaHCO3) gave a value

of +42. 5 kJ mol–1.
The value you have obtained may be significantly different from this value.
Calculate the difference between your value of ΔHdecomposition (NaHCO3) and that
obtained by the alternative method.
Record this difference below. Express this difference as a percentage of the alternative
value.
difference = ………………. kJ mol–1
percentage difference = ……………….. %

[1]
(h) Sources of error
Describe one major source of error in this experiment. Suggest an improvement

which would significantly increase the accuracy of the experiment. Explain why your
suggestion would produce a more accurate value.
description of major source of error
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
suggested improvement
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
explanation of why suggestion would increase experimental accuracy
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 25]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
11
2 (a) You are provided with three solutions, FA 4, FA 5 and FA 6. The only anions that may be For
present in these solutions are carbonate and chloride. One or more of the solutions may Examiner’s
contain both anions. Use
Identification of the anions in FA 4, FA 5 and FA 6
Most metal carbonates are insoluble, most metal chlorides are soluble and all metal
nitrates are soluble in water.
(i) Use this information and the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 15 to select
• reagent 1, to identify any carbonate ion that is present,
• reagent 2, to identify any chloride ion present.
reagent 1 ............................................. reagent 2 ............................................. [1]
(ii) Explain the order in which you will add your chosen reagents to determine the
anion or anions present in each of FA 4, FA 5 and FA 6.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Use the reagents selected in (a)(i) to test each of the solutions FA 4, FA 5 and FA 6.
observations
reagent
FA 4 FA 5 FA 6
[2]
(iv) From your observations, identify the anion or anions present in each of the
solutions.
solution carbonate chloride evidence
FA 4
FA 5
FA 6
[2]
(b) You are provided with four solutions, FA 7, FA 8, FA 9 and FA 10. Perform the test-tube experiments described below and record your
observations in the table.
© UCLES 2010
observations
tests
FA 7 FA 8 FA 9 FA 10
(i) To about 1 cm depth of solution in a

test-tube, add 5 drops of aqueous sodium
hydroxide, shake the mixture then,
add a further 2 cm depth of aqueous

sodium hydroxide.
(ii) To about 1 cm depth of solution in a

test-tube, add 10 drops of aqueous
ammonia, shake the mixture then,
12
9701/35/M/J/10
add a further 2 cm depth of aqueous
ammonia.
(iii) Select a reagent that will confirm the identity of any ions producing white precipitates in both of the tests above.
To about 1 cm depth of solution in a test-tube add the selected reagent. Record the appropriate observations below.
The reagent is
[7]
i
v
ii
vi
iv
iii
vii
For
Use
Examiner’s
13
(c) From your observations, identify the cation present in each of the following solutions. For
Examiner’s
Use
solution cation evidence
FA 7
FA 9
FA 10
[2]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
14
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
–
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
15
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acid) or
gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
SO42– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

green
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
16
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/M/J/10
Candidate
Centre Number Number
Candidate Name

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
CHEMISTRY 9701/3
PAPER 3 Practical Test
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the question paper.
Additional materials:
As listed in Instructions to Supervisors
Electronic calculator and/or Mathematical tables
TIME 1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

You may use a calculator.
Qualitative analysis notes are printed on pages 6 and 7.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
TOTAL
This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

SP (SM) S25940/2
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 FA 1 is a hydrated metal sulphate, XSO4.7H2O.
You are required to determine the mass of water of crystallisation (the 7H2O in the formula
above) in a weighed sample of FA 1 and to calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of the
element X.
(a) Accurately weigh the hard glass test-tube provided. Record the mass in Table 1.1 below.
Add to the test-tube between 2.00 g and 2.50 g of FA 1 and accurately weigh the test-
tube and contents. Record this mass in Table 1.1 below.
Table 1.1 Mass of FA 1
Mass of test-tube + FA 1 /g
Mass of empty test-tube /g
Mass of FA 1 /g
(b) Heat the test-tube, gently at first then strongly, to drive off the water of crystallisation.
The crystals will ‘crackle’ at first as water is lost and ‘steam’ (condensed water vapour)
will be seen coming out of the mouth of the tube.
If the crystals are overheated the sulphate can decompose and give off sulphur trioxide
which will be seen as white fumes. If you see white fumes, do not confuse this with
steam, stop heating.
Place the test-tube on a heat proof mat and leave to cool. Do not move about the
laboratory with a hot test-tube.
(You are advised to continue with the second question while the tube cools.)
When cool, reweigh the test-tube and its contents. Record the mass in Table 1.2 below.
Table 1.2 Mass of FA 1 after heating
Mass of test-tube + FA 1 after heating /g
Mass of empty test-tube (from Table 1.1) /g
Mass of FA 1 after heating /g
(c) By repeating the heating, cooling and reweighing, show clearly by your results in
Table 1.2 that all the water of crystallisation has been driven from the crystals, FA 1.
[4]
Accuracy [6]
9701/3/O/N/02
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Calculate
(i) the mass of anhydrous XSO4 present in the crystals.
(ii) the mass of water driven from the crystals of FA 1.
[1]
(e) Calculate how many moles of water are present in the sample of FA 1 used.
[Ar; H, 1.0; O, 16.0.]
[1]
(f) Use your answer to (e) and the formula X SO4.7H2O to calculate how many moles of
XSO4 are present in the sample of FA 1 used.
[1]
(g) Use your answers to (d) and (f) to calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of XSO4.
[1]
(h) Calculate the relative atomic mass, Ar, of the element X.

[Ar; O, 16.0; S, 32.0.]
[1]
[Total : 15]
9701/3/O/N/02 [Turn over
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 The solution FA 2 contains two cations and two anions from the following list: (Al 3+, NH4+,
Ba2+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+; CO32–, CrO42–, Cl –, Br –, I–,
NO3–, NO2–, SO42–, SO32–).
Record your observations and the deductions you make from them in the spaces
provided.
You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs, writing any
deductions you make alongside the observations on which they are based.

Candidates are reminded that definite deductions may be made from tests
where there appears to be no reaction.
Test Observations [5] Deductions [4]
(a) Place 3 cm depth of FA 2

in a boiling-tube, add an
equal depth of dilute
aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
Cautiously warm the

tube.
(b) Filter the mixture from (a)

and collect the filtrate.
Leave the residue in the

filter paper and observe
it again after several
minutes.
(c) Place 2 cm depth of the

filtrate from (b) in a test-
tube and add dilute
nitric acid, drop by drop,
until no further change
is seen.
9701/3/O/N/02
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
Test Observations Deductions
(d) Place 2 cm depth of the

filtrate from (b) in a
boiling-tube. Add a
piece of aluminium foil.
Cautiously warm the

tube.
(e) Place 3 cm depth of FA 2

in a test-tube, add an
equal depth of dilute
aqueous ammonia.
Cautiously warm the

tube.
Filter the mixture. Add

dilute nitric acid, drop by
drop, to the filtrate until no
further change is seen.
(f) Place 2 cm depth of FA 2

in a test-tube, add dilute
hydrochloric acid,
followed by aqueous
barium chloride.
(g) Place 2 cm depth of FA 2

in a test-tube, add dilute
nitric acid,
followed by aqueous
silver nitrate.
Summary
The cations present in FA 2 are …………… and ……………
The anions in FA 2 are …………… and ……………

[1]
[Total : 10]
6
[Key: ppt. = precipitate.]
reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
9701/3/O/N/02
7
ion reaction
CO32–

NO3– (aq)
sulphate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+ (aq) or with Pb2+ (aq) (insoluble in excess dilute
3 Tests for gases

9701/3/O/N/02
8
BLANK PAGE
9701/3/O/N/02

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
October/November 2003
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional materials: as listed in Instructions to Supervisors.
Write your name and details, including examination session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes
provided.

SESSION
LABORATORY
If you have been given a label, look at the

details. If any details are incorrect or For Examiner’s Use
Stick your personal label here, if 2

provided.
TOTAL

SP (AT) S39107/4
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1
‘Washing soda’ is made from crystals of sodium carbonate, which contain 62.94%
water and 37.06% sodium carbonate.
When stored, these crystals lose some of the water in the crystals to the
atmosphere.
You are to determine in two separate experiments the amount of water that has
been lost to the atmosphere.
Weigh the empty boiling-tube labelled X and record the mass in Table 1.1.
Transfer approximately half of the ‘washing soda’ crystals, FA 1, from boiling-tube Y into
boiling-tube X. Keep the remaining solid for use in Question 2.
Reweigh the boiling-tube X and FA 1 and record the mass in Table 1.1
Table 1.1
Mass of empty boiling-tube X /g
Mass of boiling-tube X + FA 1 before heating /g
Mass of boiling–tube X + solid after heating /g
Mass of boiling–tube X + solid after re-heating /g
Mass of anhydrous Na2CO3 left after heating /g

[6]
Gently heat the crystals in the tube. The solid will dissolve into the water contained in the
crystals.
Continue the gentle heating until all the water has evaporated and solid remains in the tube.
Take care to avoid any loss of material during this initial heating.
Warm the upper parts of the boiling-tube to evaporate any water that may have condensed
there.
When all the water has evaporated heat the solid strongly to drive off any remaining water.
Allow the boiling-tube to cool, reweigh and record the mass in Table 1.1.
You are advised to start on Question 2 while the tube cools.
Reheat, cool and reweigh the boiling-tube and its contents. Record the mass in Table 1.1.
(a) How can you be sure that all of the water has been driven off from the crystals?
[1]
(b) Calculate the mass of crystals at the start of the experiment.
[1]
9701/3/O/N/03
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Calculate the mass of water driven from the crystals.
[1]
(d) What is the percentage of water in your sample of FA 1?
[1]
[Total : 10]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 FA 1 is solid ‘washing soda’, originally sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na2CO3.10H2O.
Weigh a 100 cm3 beaker. Record the mass in Table 2.1.

Tip the remaining FA 1 from tube Y into the beaker and weigh the beaker and crystals.
Table 2.1
Mass of beaker /g
Mass of beaker + FA 1 /g
Mass of FA 1 /g
[1]
Add distilled water to the beaker to dissolve the crystals. Carefully transfer the solution to a
250 cm3 graduated (volumetric) flask. Rinse the beaker several times adding the rinse water
to the graduated flask.
Make the solution up to 250 cm3 with distilled water and invert a number of times to ensure
thorough mixing. Label this solution FA 3.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 3 into a conical flask and add a few drops of the indicator provided.
Titrate the solution with FA 2, contained in a burette. Record your results in Table 2.2.
Repeat the titration as many times as you think necessary to obtain accurate results.
Final burette reading / cm3
Initial burette reading / cm3
[2] + [6]
The indicator used was.............................................................................................................
Summary
9701/3/O/N/03
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid run from the burette.
[1]
(b) Sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, in 250 cm3 of FA 3.
[2]
(c) Calculate the mass of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, dissolved in 250 cm3 of FA 3.
[Na, 23.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0.]
[1]
(d) Calculate the mass of water present in the washing soda crystals.
[1]
(e) Calculate the percentage (%) of water in the sodium carbonate crystals, FA 1.
[1]
[Total : 15]
9701/3/O/N/03
6
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9701/3/O/N/03
7
BLANK PAGE
9701/3/O/N/03
8
BLANK PAGE
9701/3/O/N/03

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
1 hour 15 minutes

SESSION
LABORATORY

provided.
TOTAL

MML 6133 6/03 S66582/1
2 For
Examiner's
Use
1 FA 1 is an aqueous solution containing 23.72 g dm–3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3.
FA 2 is a solution of an oxidant, X, containing 5.15 g dm–3 of X.
FA 3 is a solution containing potassium iodide, KI.
FA 4 is 1.00 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
In the presence of acid, the oxidant X oxidises iodide ions to iodine.
1 mole of X produces 3 moles of iodine, I2
The iodine liberated can then be titrated with thiosulphate ions, S2O32–, to reduce the iodine
back to iodide.
2Na2S2O3(aq) + I2(aq) → Na2S4O6(aq) + 2NaI(aq)
You are to determine the relative molecular mass of the oxidant X.
(a) Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 2 into a conical flask. Use the measuring cylinder provided to
add an excess of iodide ions (approximately 10 cm3 of FA 3), and 10 cm3 of sulphuric
acid, FA 4.
Titrate the iodine produced in the conical flask with FA 1. As the titration proceeds the
colour of the iodine in solution will diminish. The end-point is reached when the colour
disappears and the solution becomes colourless.
There is no need to add starch indicator to find the end-point.
Record your results in Table 1.1.
results.
Table 1.1 Titration of Iodine with FA 1
[2] + [6]
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FA 2 produced sufficient iodine to react with ..................... cm3 of FA 1.
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/O/N/04
3 For
Examiner's
Use
(b) Calculate how many moles of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3, were run from the
[Ar: Na, 23.0; S, 32.1; O, 16.0.]
[2]
(c) Calculate how many moles of iodine, I2, react with the sodium thiosulphate run from
the burette.
[1]
(d) Calculate how many moles of oxidant X were placed in the titration flask at the
beginning of the titration.
[1]
(e) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the oxidant X in FA 2.
[1]
(f) Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of the oxidant X.
[2]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/O/N/04 [Turn over
4 For
Examiner's
Use
2 FA 5 contains two cations and one anion from the following list: (Al 3+, NH4+, Ba2+, Ca2+,
Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+; CO32–, CrO42–, Cl –, Br–, I –, NO3–, NO2–,
SO42–, SO32–.).
In all tests, the reagent should be added gradually, with shaking after each addition.

● details of colour changes and precipitates formed,
● the names of gases evolved and details of the test used to identify each one.

Candidates are reminded that definite deductions may be made from tests where there
appears to be no reaction.
(a) To 2 cm depth of FA 5 in a test-tube,

add 1 cm depth of aqueous silver nitrate.
Leave the mixture to stand and continue

with tests (b) to (e).
(b) To 2 cm depth of FA 5 in a boiling-tube,

add 4 cm depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide. Stir thoroughly with the glass
rod provided.
Filter the mixture and retain the filtrate
for tests (c), (d) and (e).
Observe the residue in the filter paper

after it has been exposed to the air for a
few minutes.
(c) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (b) in a

test-tube, add 2 cm depth of dilute nitric
acid followed by aqueous silver nitrate.
(d) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (b) in a

test-tube, add 2 cm depth of dilute
hydrochloric acid followed by aqueous
barium chloride.
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/O/N/04
5 For
Examiner's
Use
Test Observations
(e) Place 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (b)

in a boiling-tube and warm the tube
gently.
Take care as a solution containing
sodium hydroxide may ‘bump’ on
heating and eject hot corrosive
sodium hydroxide.
(f) Observe the mixture left to stand in

test (a).
Use a teat pipette to remove the solution

from the precipitate formed, then add
2 cm depth of distilled water to wash the
precipitate. Allow the precipitate to settle
and again use a teat pipette to remove
the solution.
Dissolve the solid in 2 cm depth of dilute

aqueous nitric acid. You may need to
cautiously warm the mixture.
Use this solution in the test below.
Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the solid

dissolved in nitric acid.
present in FA 5.
The cations present in FA 5 are ........................... and .............................
The anion present in FA 5 is ........................... [1]
Which observations support your choice of these ions?
.................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
What is the identity of the solid formed and dissolved in test (f)? Give a reason.
.................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
6
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
© UCLES 2004 9701/03/O/N/04
7
ion reaction
CO32–

NO3– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2004 9701/03/O/N/04
8
BLANK PAGE
9701/03/O/N/04

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
1 hour 15 minutes
Additional Materials: as listed in the Instructions to Supervisors.

SESSION
LABORATORY
TOTAL

SP (SJF3515) S81618/4
2 For
Examiner's
Use
1 FA 1 is an aqueous solution containing 38.10 g dm–3 of borax crystals.
Borax is disodium tetraborate-x-water, Na2B4O7.x H2O.
FA 2 is 1.00 mol dm–3 HCl.
You are required to find the number of moles of water of crystallisation, x, in the borax
crystals.
Disodium tetraborate reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation below.
Na2B4O7(aq) + 2HCl (aq) + 5H2O(l) → 2NaCl (aq) + 4H3BO3(aq)
(a) Use a burette to measure between 44.50 cm3 and 45.50 cm3 of FA 2 into the 250 cm3
volumetric (graduated) flask labelled FA 3.
Record your burette readings in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Dilution of FA 2
Fill the flask to the 250 cm3 mark with distilled or deionised water and mix the contents
thoroughly by shaking. This solution is FA 3.
Fill the second burette with the diluted hydrochloric acid, FA 3.
(b) Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a conical flask and add a few drops of the indicator
provided. Titrate the contents of the conical flask with FA 3 until the appropriate colour
change is observed at the end-point.
results.
The indicator used was ...................................................................................................
Summary
[6]
© UCLES 2005 9701/03/O/N/05
3 For
Examiner's
Use
(c) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of hydrochloric acid in the diluted solution
FA 3.
[1]
(d) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were run from the burette into the
conical flask during the titration of FA 1 with FA 3.
[1]
(e) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the disodium tetraborate in FA 1.
Na2B4O7(aq) + 2HCl (aq) + 5H2O(l) → 2NaCl(aq) + 4H3BO3(aq)
[2]
(f) Calculate the concentration, in g dm–3, of disodium tetraborate, Na2B4O7, in FA 1.

[Ar: Na, 23.0; B, 10.8; O, 16.0.]
[2]
(g) FA 1 contains 38.10 g dm–3 of borax crystals, Na2B4O7.xH2O. Use this information and
your answer to (f) to calculate the mass of water present in the dissolved crystals.
[1]
(h) Calculate the number of moles of water present in 38.10 g of borax crystals.
Use this answer and the answer to (e) to calculate the value of x in Na2B4O7.xH2O.
[2]
[Total:15]
4 For
Examiner's
Use
2 FA 4 contains one cation from those listed on page 6.
FA 4 also contains one anion but this is not an ion listed on page 7.
By performing the tests below, you should be able to identify the cation and to draw a
further conclusion as to the nature of FA 4.
In all tests, the reagent should be added gradually until no further change is observed, with
shaking after each addition.

(a) Transfer two thirds of the solid FA 4 to a

boiling-tube and add about 7 cm depth of
dilute nitric acid.
Cautiously warm the tube until the
orange colour of the solid is no longer
visible.
Filter the mixture and retain filtrate for

further tests.
Wash the residue with water and retain
residue for further tests.
(b) Transfer the remaining solid FA 4 to a

hard glass test-tube and heat strongly.
Identify, with a suitable test, the gas

evolved.
Tests on the filtrate
(c) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (a) in a

test-tube, add aqueous sodium
hydroxide until there is no further
change.
(d) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (a) in a

test-tube, add aqueous ammonia until
there is no further change.
© UCLES 2005 9701/03/O/N/05
5 For
Examiner's
Use
Test Observations
(e) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (a) in a

test-tube, add aqueous potassium
iodide.
Tests on residue
(f) Cautiously place 1 cm depth of

concentrated hydrochloric acid into a
boiling-tube and add an equal volume of
water.
Add to the tube some of the residue from

(a) and warm gently. Identify, with a
suitable test, the gas evolved.
Immediately the gas is identified rinse

the contents of the tube into the sink.
Use the information in the Qualitative Analysis Tables on pages 6 and 7 to identify the cation
present in FA 4.
The cation present in FA 4 is ................................................................................................
Give two pieces of evidence that support your choice of this ion.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
FA 4 behaves as ....................................................................................................................
Give one piece of evidence that supports this behaviour.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]
6
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)
Ca2+(aq)
© UCLES 2005 9701/03/O/N/05
7
ion reaction
CO32–

NO3– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2005 9701/03/O/N/05
8
BLANK PAGE
9701/03/O/N/05

CHEMISTRY 9701/03
1 hour 15 minutes
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name, including practical session and laboratory where
appropriate, in the spaces provided.

Qualitative Analysis Notes are provided on pages 7 and 8.
At the end of the examination, fasten your work securely together.

Session
Laboratory
Total
SP (NF) T20258/3
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 FA 1 is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl.
FA 2 is aqueous potassium iodate(V) containing 4.93 g dm–3 of KIO3.
FA 3 is aqueous potassium iodide, KI.
FA 4 is aqueous sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3.
In the presence of acid, iodate(V) ions react with iodide ions to form iodine and water.
IO3–(aq) + 5I–(aq) + 6H+(aq) 3I2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
If sodium thiosulphate is present in the reaction mixture the iodine formed is immediately
reduced back to iodide and the solution remains colourless.
Iodate(V) ions can therefore be titrated against acid in the presence of an excess of
iodide and thiosulphate ions.
You are to use this method to determine the concentration of the hydrochloric acid, FA 1.
Using a burette, run between 34.00 cm3 and 35.00 cm3 of FA 1 into the 250 cm3
graduated flask, labelled FA 5. Record the burette readings in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1 Dilution of FA 1
volume of FA 1 run into the flask / cm3
Make the solution up to 250 cm3 with distilled water and mix thoroughly.
Fill a second burette with this diluted acid, FA 5.
(b) Titration of IO3– with H+ in FA 5

Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 2 into a conical flask and use a measuring cylinder to add to the
flask 10 cm3 of FA 3 and 25 cm3 of FA 4.
Add five drops of bromophenol blue indicator and titrate with FA 5 until the end-point is
reached.
The colour of bromophenol blue changes to yellow at the end-point.
Record your titration results in Table 1.2.
Repeat the titration as many times as you think necessary to obtain accurate results.
[8]
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FA 2 reacted with ....................... cm3 of FA 5.
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/O/N/06
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Calculate how many moles of potassium iodate(V), KIO3, were pipetted into the conical
flask.
[Ar: K, 39.1; I, 127.0; O, 16.0]
[2]
(d) Calculate how many moles of hydrogen ions, H+, reacted with the iodate(V) ions in the
flask during the titration.
IO3–(aq) + 5I–(aq) + 6H+(aq) 3I2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
[1]
(e) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of hydrogen ions in FA 5.
[1]
(f) Calculate the concentration, in g dm–3, of hydrochloric acid in FA 1.

[Ar: H, 1.0; Cl, 35.5]
[3]
[Total: 15]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 FA 6 is a mixture of two solids provided in a stoppered boiling tube.
One of the solids, FA 7 is soluble in water; the other, FA 8 is insoluble in water.
Each solid contains one cation and one anion from the ions listed on pages 7 and 8.
In all tests, the reagent should be added gradually with shaking after each addition.
• details of colour changes, precipitates formed and the solubility of any precipitate
when an excess of the reagent is added,
• details of the test used to identify any gases given off in the reaction.

test observations [3]
(a) Add water to the boiling-tube labelled

FA 6 until it is about half-full. Stopper and
shake the tube for 1 minute.
Filter the mixture and retain both filtrate
and residue for further tests.
Tests on the filtrate which contains FA 7
(b) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (a), in a

boiling-tube, add 2 cm depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
Gently warm the solution.

Take care as a solution containing sodium
hydroxide may ‘bump’ on heating and eject
hot corrosive sodium hydroxide.
(c) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (a), in a

boiling-tube, add 1 cm depth of aqueous
lead(II) nitrate; then
heat the mixture to boiling point; then
cool the tube by standing in a beaker of

cold water.
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/O/N/06
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
test observations
(d) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (a), in a

test-tube, add 5 drops of aqueous silver
nitrate; then
add 5 cm depth of dilute aqueous

ammonia.
Use the information in the Qualitative Analysis Notes on pages 7 and 8 to identify the ions
present in FA 7.
The cation present in FA 7 is .................................
Which observations indicate the cation you have selected?
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
The anion present in FA 7 is .................................
Which observations indicate the anion you have selected?
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
Tests on the residue which contains FA 8
test observations [3]
(e) Transfer the residue to a boiling-tube and

add 4 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Filter the mixture and retain the filtrate.
(f) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (e) in a

test-tube add, a little at a time, 5 cm depth
of aqueous sodium hydroxide.
(g) To 1 cm depth of the filtrate from (e) in a

test-tube add, a little at a time, 5 cm depth
of dilute aqueous ammonia.
Use the information in the Qualitative Analysis Notes on pages 7 and 8 to identify the ions
present in FA 8.
The cation present in FA 8 is .................................
Which observations indicate the cation you have selected?
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
The anion present in FA 8 is .................................
Which observations indicate the anion you have selected?
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/O/N/06
7
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


NH4+(aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








8
ion reaction
CO32–

CrO42–(aq) gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);




NO3– (aq)

NO2–(aq) NO liberated by dilute acids

3 Tests for gases


Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
© UCLES 2006 9701/03/O/N/06
*3318230628*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
Paper 31 Practical Test October/November 2007
2 hours

Total
This document consists of 12 printed pages and 1 Insert.
SP (SM/KS) T47239/2
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 Read through question 1 before starting any practical work.
You are provided with the following reagents.

FA 1 containing 37.0 g dm–3 of hydrated sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3.5H2O
FA 2 2.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, HCl
distilled water
Aqueous thiosulphate ions, S2O32–, decompose in the presence of hydrogen ions, H+.
S2O32–(aq) + 2H+(aq) → S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)
The rate of reaction can be followed by observing the formation of a fixed amount of sulphur
as a fine suspension of solid particles in the solution.
The rate of decomposition at a fixed temperature is affected by

• the concentration of thiosulphate ions, [S2O32–];
• the concentration of hydrogen ions, [H+].
In a series of experiments where the concentration of a reagent is changed

• 1/time can be used as a measure of rate,
• the volume of the reagent used can be taken as a measure of its concentration,
providing the total volume of the mixture is kept constant in each experiment.
The order of reaction with respect to thiosulphate ions can be obtained by plotting a graph of
log rate against log [S2O32–].
log rate order of reaction = gradient of straight line
log [S2O32–]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Method
Experiment 1
• Fill the burette labelled FA 1 with FA 1.

• Run 50.00 cm3 of FA 1 from the burette into a 250 cm3 beaker.
• Tip the acid FA 2 from the measuring cylinder into the beaker and immediately
start a stop-clock or note the start time on a clock with a second hand.
• Swirl the beaker to mix the reagents and place the beaker over the printing on the
insert provided.
• Observe the printing by looking down through the solution in the beaker.
• Stop the clock or note the time when the printing is just no longer visible.
• Record the time taken to the nearest second.
The time taken is ................. s.
Experiment 2
• Empty and rinse the beaker used in experiment 1. Carefully dry the beaker with a
paper towel.
• Refill the burette labelled FA 1 with FA 1.
• Fill the second burette, labelled water, with distilled water.
• Run 10.00 cm3 of FA 1 and 40.00 cm3 of distilled water from the burettes into the
250 cm3 beaker.
• Tip the acid FA 2 into the beaker, start the clock or note the time, mix the reagents
and place over the printing as in experiment 1.
• Stop the clock or note the time when the printing is just no longer visible.

[2]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) In experiment 1 you will have obtained the time taken for a ‘fast’ reaction and in
experiment 2 the time taken for a ‘slow’ reaction.
You are to repeat the experiment with further mixtures in which only the concentration
of thiosulphate ions is varied.
In selecting the mixtures to be used you should consider
• how many mixtures need to be used,
• what concentrations of thiosulphate ion should be used,
• what range these concentrations should cover,
• that only the concentration of thiosulphate ion must change.
Remember – you already have reaction times for two mixtures with different
concentrations of thiosulphate ion.
In the space below prepare to record, in an appropriate form, the results of the
experiments you will perform and the results of experiments 1 and 2.
Your recorded results should include calculated values to enable you to plot
log (1/time) against log (volume of FA 1).
Carry out the additional experiments and record your results.
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
viii
ix
xi
[11]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Use the grid below to plot a graph of log (1/time) against log (volume of FA 1).
Draw an appropriate straight line through the points plotted.
[4]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Draw construction lines on your graph and obtain data from them to enable you to
calculate the gradient of the graph.
Calculate the gradient of the line drawn, which is the order of reaction with respect to
thiosulphate ions.
The reaction is ................................ order with respect to thiosulphate ions, S2O32–. [3]
(e) The moment at which the printing is just obscured can be difficult to judge and will vary
from person to person.
Explain why this uncertainty for experiment 1 in section (a) will be less than the uncertainty
for experiment 2 in section (a).
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Estimate a value (± seconds) for the uncertainty in each of experiments 1 and 2 and
express this uncertainty as a percentage of the time for the reaction.
reaction time / s
uncertainty / s ± ±
percentage uncertainty
[3]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(f) The experimental method can be modified to enable the rate of reaction with respect to
hydrogen ions, H+, to be investigated.
You will perform two further experiments using the method for experiment 2 in
section (a). You will keep the concentration of thiosulphate ions constant and vary the
concentration of hydrogen ions.
First copy the reaction time from your results to experiment 2 in section (a) into the table
below. Then complete the table below to show the volumes of FA 1, FA 2, and distilled
water you will use in these two further experiments.
Carry out each experiment as before and record the time taken in each case.
volume of FA 1 volume of FA 2 volume water reaction time

/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 /s
experiment 2
10.00 5 40.00
in section (a)
experiment i
experiment ii
[1]
(g) Use the experimental results from the three experiments to draw a conclusion as to how
the rate of reaction is affected by changing the concentration of hydrogen ions.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 25]
8 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 The four solutions FA 3, FA 4, FA 5 and FA 6 each contain one of the following anions.
nitrate, NO3–
nitrite, NO2–
sulphate, SO42–
sulphite, SO32–
(a) Use information from the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 12 to answer the following
questions.
What single reagent could you use to identify the solution containing the nitrite ion?
..........................................................................................................................................
What reagents could you use to identify the sulphate and sulphite ions?
................................................................. and .................................................................

[1]
(b) Use the reagents selected in (a) to test each of the four solutions.
Record in the space below, the reagents used and the observations made.
From your observations identify the solutions containing nitrite, sulphate and sulphite
ions.
Solution ................ contains the nitrite ion.
supporting evidence ........................................................................................................
Solution ................ contains the sulphate ion.
Solution ................ contains the sulphite ion.

[7]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
9 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) You are to perform the tests given in the table below with each of the solutions FA 3, FA 4,
FA 5 and FA 6 to identify three of the cations present. One of these cations is the
Ba2+ ion.
appropriate place in the table.
No additional tests should be attempted.
observations
test
FA 3 FA 4 FA 5 FA 6
(i) To 1 cm depth of solution

in a boiling-tube, add
aqueous sodium
hydroxide a little at a
time until there is no
further change.
If no precipitate forms,
carefully warm the
solution.
CARE - heated
solutions containing
sodium hydroxide can
be ejected from the
boiling-tube.
(ii) To 1 cm depth of
add aqueous ammonia
a little at a time until
there is no further
change.
(iii) To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-tube
add 1 cm depth of dilute
sulphuric acid.
(iv) To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-tube
add 1 cm depth of
aqueous sodium
sulphite.
If a precipitate forms,
hydrochloric acid.
[3]
10 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) From your observations in (c) you should be able to identify the cation present in three
of the solutions.
Solution ................ contains the ................ ion.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(e) Do not carry out this test.
What other reagent could you use to confirm the presence of Ba2+ in one of the
solutions?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4




NO–3 (aq)

SO2–
4
(aq) strong acid)

SO2–
3
(aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases


© UCLES 2007 9701/31/O/N/07
*7735436310*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
2 hours

Total
SP (SM/KS) T47240/1
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 Read through question 1 before starting any practical work.
You are provided with the following reagents.

FB 1, 1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4
FB 2, 0.1 mol dm–3 potassium iodide, KI
FB 3, 0.1 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3
FB 4, 0.1 mol dm–3 hydrogen peroxide, H2O2
starch solution
distilled water
In the presence of an acid, iodide ions are oxidised by hydrogen peroxide to iodine.
H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2I–(aq) → 2H2O(l) + I2(aq)
The rate of reaction can be followed by timing the formation of a fixed amount of iodine in the
solution.
If sodium thiosulphate is present in the reaction mixture it reacts with the iodine formed and
the solution remains colourless.
I2(aq) + 2S2O32–(aq) → 2I–(aq) + S4O62–(aq)
When all of the sodium thiosulphate present has reacted, iodine, I2, will appear in the solution
producing an immediate blue colour with starch indicator.
In a series of experiments where the concentration of a reagent is changed

• 1/time can be used as a measure of rate,
• the volume of the reagent used can be taken as a measure of its concentration
providing the total volume of the mixture is kept constant in each experiment.
The order of reaction with respect to hydrogen peroxide can be obtained by plotting a graph
of log rate against log [H2O2].
log rate order of reaction = gradient of straight line
log [H2O2]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(a) Method
Experiment 1
• Fill the burette labelled FB 3 with FB 3 and the burette labelled FB 4 with FB 4.
• Use the measuring cylinder labelled A to put the following solutions into a 250 cm3
conical flask:
20 cm3 of FB 2, potassium iodide,
20 cm3 of distilled water.
• Add to the flask from the burette 1.00 cm3 of FB 3, sodium thiosulphate.
• Add six drops of starch indicator to the mixture in the flask.
• Run 20.00 cm3 of FB 4, hydrogen peroxide, from the second burette into a 100 cm3
beaker.
• Use the measuring cylinder labelled B to add 20 cm3 of FB 1, sulphuric acid, to the
hydrogen peroxide in the beaker.
• Tip the contents of the beaker into the conical flask and immediately start a
stop-clock or note the start time on a clock with a second hand.
• Swirl the flask to mix the reagents.
• Observe the solution and stop the clock or note the time when the solution suddenly
turns blue.
Experiment 2
• Empty, thoroughly rinse and drain the conical flask used in experiment 1.
• Use the measuring cylinder labelled A to put the following solutions into the
250 cm3 conical flask:
20 cm3 of FB 2, potassium iodide,
35 cm3 of distilled water.
• Add to the flask from the burette 1.00 cm3 of FB 3, sodium thiosulphate.
• Add six drops of starch indicator to the mixture in the flask.
• Run 5.00 cm3 of FB 4, hydrogen peroxide, from the second burette into a 100 cm3
beaker.
• Use the measuring cylinder labelled B to add 20 cm3 of FB 1, sulphuric acid, to the
hydrogen peroxide in the beaker.
• Tip the contents of the beaker into the conical flask and immediately start a
stop-clock or note the start time on a clock with a second hand.
• Swirl the flask to mix the reagents.
• Observe the solution and again stop the clock or note the time when the solution
suddenly turns blue.

[2]
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) In experiment 1 you will have obtained the time taken for a ‘fast’ reaction and in
experiment 2 the time taken for a ‘slow’ reaction.
You are to repeat the experiment with further mixtures in which only the concentration
of hydrogen peroxide is varied.
In selecting the mixtures to be used you should consider
• how many mixtures need to be used,
• what concentrations of hydrogen peroxide should be used,
• what range these concentrations should cover,
• that only the concentration of hydrogen peroxide must change.
Remember – you already have reaction times for two mixtures with different
concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
In the space below prepare to record, in an appropriate form, the results of the
experiments you will perform and the results of experiments 1 and 2.
Your recorded results should include calculated values to enable you to plot
log (1/time) against log (volume of FB 4).
Carry out the additional experiments and record your results.
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
viii
ix
xi
[11]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Use the grid below to plot a graph of log (1/time) against log (volume of FB 4).
Draw an appropriate straight line through the points plotted.
[4]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) Draw construction lines on your graph and obtain data from them to enable you to
calculate the gradient of the graph.
Calculate the gradient of the line drawn, which is the order of reaction with respect to
hydrogen peroxide.
The reaction is ................................ order with respect to hydrogen peroxide, H2O2. [3]
(e) In experiment 1 burettes and measuring cylinders were used to measure volume.
A burette is graduated to 0.10 cm3 and is usually read to the nearest 0.05 cm3.
A 25 cm3 measuring cylinder is graduated to 0.5 cm3.
Estimate the error when measuring a volume of 20 cm3 in a 25 cm3 measuring cylinder.
The error is ± ……………………… cm3.

Use this answer and the information above to calculate the percentage error for each
volume measurement made in experiment 1. Complete the table below.
apparatus volume error

solution % error
used / cm3 / cm3
FB 1, FB 2, 25 cm3 measuring
20
distilled water cylinder
FB 3 burette 1.00
FB 4 burette 20.00
Identify the most significant source of error in this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(f) The experimental method can be modified to enable the rate of reaction with respect to
iodide ions, I–, to be investigated.
You will perform two further experiments using the method for experiment 1 in
section (a). You will keep the concentration of hydrogen peroxide constant and reduce
the concentration of iodide ions.
First copy your reaction time from experiment 1 in section (a) into the table below. Then
complete the table below to show the volumes of FB 2 and distilled water you will use in
these two further experiments.
Carry out each experiment as before and record the time taken in each case.
volume FB 1 volume FB 2 volume volume FB 3 volume FB 4 reaction

(H2SO4) (KI) water (Na2S2O3) (H2O2) time
/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3 / cm3 /s
experiment 1
20 20 20 1.00 20.00
in section (a)
experiment i 20 1.00 20.00
experiment ii 20 1.00 20.00
[1]
(g) Use the experimental results from the three experiments to draw a conclusion as to how
the rate of reaction is affected by changing the concentration of iodide ions.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 25]
8 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 The three solutions FB 5, FB 6, and FB 7 each contain one of the following.
copper(II) chloride, CuCl 2
chromium(III) chloride, CrCl 3
nickel(II) sulphate, NiSO4
reagents that you could use to determine which solution contains the sulphate ion.
Carry out the tests and record, in the space below, the reagents used and the
observations made.
From these tests, solution FB ................. contains the sulphate ion.

[3]
(b) The solutions containing copper(II) and chromium(III) ions can be distinguished
from one another by adding either aqueous sodium hydroxide or aqueous ammonia.
Nickel(II) ions behave in a similar way to copper(II) ions with these reagents.
Add NaOH(aq) and NH3(aq) separately to each of the solutions FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7.
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
9 For
Examiner’s
Use
From your observations in (a) and (b) identify the solutions containing copper(II) ions
and chromium(III) ions.
Solution ................ contains Cu2+.
..........................................................................................................................................
Solution ................ contains Cr3+.
..........................................................................................................................................
[5]
(c) You are to perform the tests given in the table below on the solid FB 8 and to comment
on the type of compound present in FB 8.
appropriate place in your table.
test observations with FB 8
(i) To 2 cm depth of distilled water

in a boiling-tube, add 1 spatula
measure of FB 8.
Warm to dissolve the solid and
immediately add a 1 cm length
of magnesium ribbon.
(ii) To 1 cm depth of aqueous

sodium hydroxide in a test-tube,
add 1 spatula measure of FB 8.
Stir the mixture, then add 2 cm
depth of dilute hydrochloric
acid.
Stir the mixture, then add 3 cm
depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
10 For
Examiner’s
Use
test observations with FB 8
(iii) To 1 cm depth of ethanol in a

boiling-tube, add 2 spatula
measures of FB 8 and a few
drops of concentrated sulphuric
acid (CARE: corrosive).
Heat the contents of the tube
for 1-2 minutes, using the
apparatus provided for heating
a flammable liquid (CARE).
Pour the contents of the tube
into a 100 cm3 beaker full of
water.
From your observations, draw conclusions about the type of compound present in
FB 8.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[7]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4




NO–3 (aq)

SO2–
4
(aq) strong acid)

SO2–
3
(aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases


© UCLES 2007 9701/32/O/N/07
*9494840911*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
Paper 31 Advanced Practical Skills October/November 2008
2 hours

You are advised to show all working in calculations. Session

Laboratory
part question.
Total
SP (SM) T69055/1
2
1 FA 1 contains the monoprotic (monobasic) acid RCO2H. You are to determine the relative For
molecular mass, Mr, of the acid and deduce its molecular formula. Examiner’s
Use
FA 1, the aqueous acid, containing 38.68 g dm–3 RCO2H
FA 2, aqueous sodium hydroxide containing 3.40 g dm–3 NaOH
Phenolphthalein indicator.
By using a burette measure between 38.00 cm3 and 39.00 cm3 of FA 1 into the 250 cm3
graduated (volumetric) flask labelled FA 3.
below.
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FA 3, the diluted solution containing RCO2H.

Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 2 into the conical flask and add 2–3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator.
Titrate the sodium hydroxide in the flask with FA 3 until the solution just turns colourless.
results.
ii
iii
iv
[6] vi
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
3
(b) From your titration results obtain a volume of FA 3 to be used in your calculations.
For
Show clearly how you obtained this volume. Examiner’s
Use
[1]
Calculations
(c) Calculate how many moles of NaOH have been pipetted into the conical flask.
[Ar: H, 1.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]
…………………. mol of NaOH were pipetted into the conical flask.
Use your titre volume in (b) and the answer above to calculate how many moles of
RCO2H are contained in 250 cm3 of the diluted acid FA 3.
250 cm3 of FA 3 contains …………………. mol of RCO2H.
Use this answer to calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the undiluted acid in FA 1.
The concentration of RCO2H in FA 1 is …………………. mol dm–3.
Use this answer to calculate, correct to 3 significant figures, the relative molecular i
mass, Mr, of RCO2H.
ii
iii
iv
v
The relative molecular mass, Mr , of RCO2H is ……………………. .
Use this answer to deduce the formula of the acid RCO2H.
The formula of RCO2H is ……………………. .

[5]
[Total: 12]
4
2 You are required to find the percentage by mass of water of crystallisation in FA 4, hydrated
For
magnesium sulphate, MgSO4.xH2O. Examiner’s
Use
The water contained in the crystals can be removed by heating the crystals.
Method
(a) Follow the instructions below to determine the mass of water driven off when heating
magnesium sulphate crystals.
• Weigh the empty hard glass boiling-tube.
• Tip the contents of the tube labelled FA 4 into the boiling-tube.
• Reweigh the boiling-tube and FA 4.
• Hold the boiling-tube in the holder provided and heat gently at first, then
strongly for several minutes.
• Leave the boiling-tube to cool on a heat-proof mat.
• Carry on with other parts of the paper, e.g. question 3, while the boiling-tube
cools.
• When cool weigh the boiling-tube and its contents.
• Continue the heating, cooling and weighing until you are satisfied that all of the
water of crystallisation has been driven from the crystals.
In an appropriate form record below

• all measurements of mass,
• the final mass of the residue and the mass of water driven off.
Results
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
[7]
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
5
Calculations
For
Examiner’s
(b) Calculate the percentage by mass of water of crystallisation in the crystals. Use
Hydrated magnesium sulphate crystals contain …………… % of water by mass.

[1]
(c) Use the relative molecular mass information provided to complete the table below.
[Mr: MgSO4, 120.4; H2O, 18.0]
possible value of x in
% water by mass
MgSO4.xH2O
1 13.0
2 23.0
4 37.4
5 42.8
6 47.3
7 51.1
8 54.5
10 59.9
Use your answer in (b) and the information in the table to find the experimental value of
x in the formula MgSO4.xH2O.
…………….. is the value of x in MgSO4.xH2O.

[2]
(d) A student is instructed to repeat the whole experiment to ensure reliability of results.
Explain how repeating the experiment would lead to greater reliability in the experimental
results.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
6
(e) On a balance weighing to 1 decimal place assume the maximum error is ±0.1 g.
For
What mass would have to be weighed out on this balance to result in an error of Examiner’s
0.04%? Use
The mass is ………………………. g.

[1]
[Total: 12]
3 FA 5 is a solid metal oxide. FA 6 and FA 7 are aqueous solutions.

You will carry out specified tests to deduce
• the chemical properties of FA 5 and FA 7,
• the identities of the anion and cation present in FA 6.
• the solubility of such precipitates in an excess of the reagent added.
(a) Pour 1 cm depth of FA 7 into a boiling-tube, stand the tube in a test-tube rack and, using
a spatula, add a very small amount of the solid FA 5.
A vigorous reaction will be observed.
The gas evolved is one of carbon dioxide, hydrogen or oxygen.
By considering the density of each gas compared to that of air, you are to decide which
of these three gases you should test for first. Explain your answer.
[Ar: C, 12.0; H, 1.0; O, 16.0]
[1 mol of any gas occupies approximately 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.]
[24 dm3 of air at room temperature and pressure has a mass of approximately 25.6 g.]
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
7
Add a further 1 cm depth of FA 7 to the boiling-tube. Test and identify the gas given off.
For
Record in a suitable form the test or tests performed and the observation made for any Examiner’s
test carried out. Use
ii
Deduce the identity of the gas evolved. iii
iv
The gas evolved is ……………………………… .
[4]
(b) Place 1 cm depth of 10% potassium iodide solution, KI, in a test-tube and add a very
small amount of FA 5. Observe, then add a few drops of starch solution.
Record the tests used and all of your observations in an appropriate form below.
[2]
8
(c) Conclusions about the chemical properties of FA 5

For
Examiner’s
In test (a) FA 5 remained unchanged at the end of the reaction. Use
FA 5 was acting as ………………………………… in this reaction.
In test (b) FA 5 was acting as ………………………………… .
Where in the Periodic Table might you find the metallic element contained in FA 5?
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) To 1 cm depth of FA 6 in a boiling-tube add an equal volume of FA 7. Mix thoroughly by

gently shaking the tube.
Using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia you are to identify the cation
present in FA 6, and the cation present in the mixture of FA 6 and FA 7.
Record all of your observations in the table below.
observations
test FA 6 mixture of FA 6 and FA 7
in a test-tube add, drop
by drop, 1 cm depth
of aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
Stir the mixture, then add

a further 1 cm depth of
aqueous sodium
hydroxide.
in a test-tube add, drop
by drop, 1 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
Stir the mixture, then add

a further 1 cm depth of
aqueous ammonia.
Conclusions i
ii
The cation present in FA 6 is ……………………….......... .
iii
The cation present in the mixture of FA 6 and FA 7 is ……………………….......... .
iv
When FA 6 and FA 7 reacted together, FA 7 was acting as ……………………….......... . v
[5]
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
9
(e) Solution FA 6 was prepared using a bottle of solid whose label was partly missing. The
For
solid is believed to contain the sulphate ion, SO42–, but may contain the sulphite ion, Examiner’s
SO32–. Use
By selecting appropriate reagents from those listed on page 12 of the qualitative analysis
notes show that sulphate ions, SO42–, are present.
Record your tests, observations and conclusions in an appropriate form below.
[3]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
10
BLANK PAGE
9701/31/O/N/08
11
ion reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4



NO–3 (aq)

SO2–
4
(aq) strong acids)

SO2–
3
3 Tests for gases


sulphur dioxide, SO2 turns aqueous potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to green
© UCLES 2008 9701/31/O/N/08
*5473604620*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
2 hours
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Session
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary. Laboratory
part question. For Examiner’s Use
Total
SP (SC/KS) T56858/2
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 You are required to find the concentration in mol dm–3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3, in
solution FB 1.
FB 1 contains sodium thiosulphate.

FB 2 is potassium manganate(VII) containing 28.44 g dm–3 KMnO4.
FB 3 is 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
FB 4 is 10% potassium iodide containing 100 g dm–3 KI.
You are also provided with starch indicator.
Dilution of FA 2
(a) By using a burette measure between 41.00 cm3 and 42.00 cm3 of FB 2 into the 250 cm3
graduated (volumetric) flask labelled FB 5.
Record your burette readings and the volume of FB 2 added to the flask in the space below.
Make up the contents of the flask to the 250 cm3 mark with distilled water. Place
the stopper in the flask and mix the contents thoroughly by slowly inverting the flask a
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FB 1, the solution containing sodium thiosulphate.
Use a measuring cylinder to transfer 10 cm3 of FB 3 and 10 cm3 of FB 4 into a conical flask.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 5 into the conical flask containing the mixture of FB 3 and FB 4.
The potassium manganate(VII) oxidises potassium iodide to iodine, I2.
Titrate the liberated iodine with FB 1 as follows. Run the solution from the burette into
the conical flask until the initial red/brown colour of the iodine becomes pale yellow.
Then add 1 cm3 of the starch indicator and continue to add FB 1 drop by drop until the
blue/black colour of the starch/iodine complex disappears, leaving a colourless solution.
This is the end-point of the titration.
results.
ii
iii
iv
vi
[6]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) From your titration results obtain a volume of FB 5 to be used in your calculations.
The volume of FB 5 is …………….. cm3. [1]
Calculations
(c) Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 are contained in the FB 2 run into the graduated flask.
[A r: K, 39.1; O, 16.0; Mn, 54.9]
………………….. mol of KMnO4 are run into the graduated flask.
Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 are then pipetted from the 250 cm3 graduated
flask into the titration flask.
………………….. mol of KMnO4 are pipetted into the titration flask.
Use this answer to calculate how many moles of iodine molecules, I2, are formed
when the manganate(VII) ions react with an excess of iodide ions in the titration flask.
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– Mn2+ + 4H2O

I– I2 + e–
………………….. mol of iodine molecules, I2, are formed in the reaction.
Use this answer to calculate how many moles of sodium thiosulphate will react with the
iodine molecules formed.
2S2O32– S4O62– + 2e–

I2 + e– I–
i
ii
iii
………………….. mol of thiosulphate ions react with the iodine molecules formed in iv
the reaction.
v
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the concentration in mol dm–3 of the sodium
thiosulphate, Na2S2O3, in FB 1.
The concentration of sodium thiosulphate in FB 1 is ……………….. mol dm–3.
[5]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 Read through the instructions before starting the experiment.
The relative molecular mass, Mr, of a metal carbonate can be estimated by adding a weighed
sample of the carbonate to a weighed excess of hydrochloric acid and measuring the mass
of carbon dioxide evolved.
The tubes labelled FB 6 and FB 7 each contain the solid carbonate X2CO3.
FB 8 is 2.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid.
Method
(a) Follow the instructions below to determine the mass of carbon dioxide given off when
X2CO3 reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid.
• Use a measuring cylinder to transfer 75 cm3 of FB 8 into a 250 cm3 conical flask.
• Weigh the flask and acid FB 8.
• Weigh the tube labelled FB 6 which contains the carbonate X2CO3.
• Tip the contents of the tube FB 6 into the acid in the flask, a little at a time. This
prevents loss of acid as spray from the vigorous reaction.
• When the reaction appears to be complete, swirl the flask and leave to stand for
2–3 minutes, then reweigh the flask and its contents.
• Reweigh the tube FB 6 and any residual carbonate not added to the acid.
• Rinse out and drain the flask.
• Repeat the whole experiment using tube FB 7.
In an appropriate form below record the following.

• all measurements of mass made
• the mass of the carbonate, X2CO3, added
• the mass of carbon dioxide given off
[mass of CO2 = (initial mass of flask + acid) + (mass of carbonate) – (final mass of flask
+ contents)]
Results
ii
iii
iv
[4]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculations
(b) From your results for each experiment calculate the mass of X2CO3 that would produce
1.0 g of CO2.
With FB 6 …………………….. g of CO2 are given off from ………………… g X2CO3.
1.0 g of CO2 is given off from ………………… g X2CO3.

[3]
(c) For each experiment calculate the relative molecular mass, M r, of X2CO3.
X2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2XCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
[A r: C, 12.0; O, 16.0]
M r of X2CO3 from the experiment with FB 6 is ………………………… .

[1]
(d) Carbon dioxide is soluble in aqueous solutions and this can lead to an error in the
molecular mass calculated.
From your observations on carrying out the experiments suggest another significant
source of error. Explain the effect this will have on the measurements made and the
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(e) Some of the carbon dioxide given off in the reaction remains dissolved in the acid
solution.
Suggest how you might modify the experimental method described to reduce or eliminate
this error.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(f) Carry out the following instructions.
• Half fill each of two test-tubes with distilled water and place the tubes in a test-tube
rack.
• To one test-tube add 1 spatula measure of powdered barium carbonate, BaCO3.
• To the second test-tube add 1 spatula measure of X2CO3.
• Stopper each test-tube and shake vigorously.
• Half fill each of two boiling-tubes with FB 3, dilute sulphuric acid.
• To one boiling-tube add 1 spatula measure of powdered barium carbonate,
BaCO3.
• To the second boiling-tube add 1 spatula measure of X2CO3.
• Do not attempt to stopper or shake either of these boiling-tubes.
BaCO3 X2CO3
water
FB 3
dilute sulphuric acid
It is suggested that sulphuric acid could be used in place of hydrochloric acid in

experiments to determine the Mr of metal carbonates.
Make use of your observations and your knowledge of the chemistry of barium, to
explain why the use of sulphuric acid would not be appropriate if the carbonate is barium
carbonate.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 12]
8 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11 are aqueous solutions, each containing one of the cations listed on
page 11 of the qualitative analysis notes.
You will react FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11 with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and aqueous
ammonia, NH3, to identify the cations present in each of these solutions. You will also perform
tests to identify the anions present in FB 9 and FB 10.

Note that three of the cations listed on page 11 may give no precipitate with aqueous
NaOH.
(a) Pour 1 cm depth of FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11 into separate test-tubes. Stand the tubes
in a test-tube rack and add aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, a little at a time until the
reagent is in excess. Repeat the test with aqueous ammonia, NH3, as the reagent.
Record your observations in an appropriate form below.
ii
iii
iv
[4]
(b) Using the observations above it is not possible to identify a single cation for any of
the solutions. Use your observations and the qualitative analysis notes on page 11 to
identify, for each solution, two or three cations which could be present.
FB 9 could contain the cations ....................................................................................... .
FB 10 could contain the cations ..................................................................................... .
FB 11 could contain the cations .................................................................................... .
[2]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
9 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Use the qualitative analysis notes on page 11 to select further reagents or tests to
identify precisely which cation is present in each of FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11.
Record in an appropriate form below,
• details of the reagents to be used,

• the tests to be carried out,
• your observations when the additional tests are carried out.
A boiling-tube must be used if any solution is to be heated.
ii
iii
iv
Conclusion
FB 9 contains the cation …........................……..
[4]
10 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) FB 9 and FB 10 each contain one anion which is either a sulphate or a halide.
Use the qualitative analysis notes on page 12 to select appropriate reagents and tests
to determine which anion is present in each solution.

• your observations when the tests are carried out.
ii
iii
iv
vi
Conclusion
FB 9 contains the anion …........................……..
[6]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
11
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4



NO–3 (aq)

SO2–
4
(aq) strong acids)

SO2–
3
3 Tests for gases


© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
*5473604620*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
2 hours
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Session
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary. Laboratory
part question. For Examiner’s Use
Total
SP (SC/KS) T56858/3
2 For
Examiner’s
Use
1 You are required to find the concentration in mol dm–3 of sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3, in
solution FB 1.
FB 1 contains sodium thiosulphate.

FB 2 is potassium manganate(VII) containing 28.44 g dm–3 KMnO4.
FB 3 is 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
FB 4 is 10% potassium iodide containing 100 g dm–3 KI.
You are also provided with starch indicator.
Dilution of FB 2
(a) By using a burette measure between 41.00 cm3 and 42.00 cm3 of FB 2 into the 250 cm3
graduated (volumetric) flask labelled FB 5.
Record your burette readings and the volume of FB 2 added to the flask in the space below.
Make up the contents of the flask to the 250 cm3 mark with distilled water. Place
the stopper in the flask and mix the contents thoroughly by slowly inverting the flask a
number of times.
Titration
Fill a second burette with FB 1, the solution containing sodium thiosulphate.
Use a measuring cylinder to transfer 10 cm3 of FB 3 and 10 cm3 of FB 4 into a conical flask.
Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 5 into the conical flask containing the mixture of FB 3 and FB 4.
The potassium manganate(VII) oxidises potassium iodide to iodine, I2.
Titrate the liberated iodine with FB 1 as follows. Run the solution from the burette into
the conical flask until the initial red/brown colour of the iodine becomes pale yellow.
Then add 1 cm3 of the starch indicator and continue to add FB 1 drop by drop until the
blue/black colour of the starch/iodine complex disappears, leaving a colourless solution.
This is the end-point of the titration.
results.
ii
iii
iv
vi
[6]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
3 For
Examiner’s
Use
(b) From your titration results obtain a volume of FB 1 to be used in your calculations.
The volume of FB 1 is …………….. cm3. [1]
Calculations
(c) Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 are contained in the FB 2 run into the graduated flask.
[A r: K, 39.1; O, 16.0; Mn, 54.9]
………………….. mol of KMnO4 are run into the graduated flask.
Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 are then pipetted from the 250 cm3 graduated
flask into the titration flask.
………………….. mol of KMnO4 are pipetted into the titration flask.
Use this answer to calculate how many moles of iodine molecules, I2, are formed
when the manganate(VII) ions react with an excess of iodide ions in the titration flask.
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– Mn2+ + 4H2O

I– I2 + e–
………………….. mol of iodine molecules, I2, are formed in the reaction.
Use this answer to calculate how many moles of sodium thiosulphate will react with the
iodine molecules formed.
2S2O32– S4O62– + 2e–

I2 + e– I–
i
ii
iii
………………….. mol of thiosulphate ions react with the iodine molecules formed in iv
the reaction.
v
4 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculate, to 3 significant figures, the concentration in mol dm–3 of the sodium
thiosulphate, Na2S2O3, in FB 1.
The concentration of sodium thiosulphate in FB 1 is ……………….. mol dm–3.
[5]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
5 For
Examiner’s
Use
2 Read through the instructions before starting the experiment.
The relative molecular mass, Mr, of a metal carbonate can be estimated by adding a weighed
sample of the carbonate to a weighed excess of hydrochloric acid and measuring the mass
of carbon dioxide evolved.
The tubes labelled FB 6 and FB 7 each contain the solid carbonate X2CO3.
FB 8 is 2.0 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid.
Method
(a) Follow the instructions below to determine the mass of carbon dioxide given off when
X2CO3 reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid.
• Use a measuring cylinder to transfer 75 cm3 of FB 8 into a 250 cm3 conical flask.
• Weigh the flask and acid FB 8.
• Weigh the tube labelled FB 6 which contains the carbonate X2CO3.
• Tip the contents of the tube FB 6 into the acid in the flask, a little at a time. This
prevents loss of acid as spray from the vigorous reaction.
• When the reaction appears to be complete, swirl the flask and leave to stand for
2–3 minutes, then reweigh the flask and its contents.
• Reweigh the tube FB 6 and any residual carbonate not added to the acid.
• Rinse out and drain the flask.
• Repeat the whole experiment using tube FB 7.
In an appropriate form below record the following.

• all measurements of mass made
• the mass of the carbonate, X2CO3, added
• the mass of carbon dioxide given off
[mass of CO2 = (initial mass of flask + acid) + (mass of carbonate) – (final mass of flask
+ contents)]
Results
ii
iii
iv
[4]
6 For
Examiner’s
Use
Calculations
(b) From your results for each experiment calculate the mass of X2CO3 that would produce
1.0 g of CO2.

[3]
(c) For each experiment calculate the relative molecular mass, M r, of X2CO3.
X2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2XCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
[A r: C, 12.0; O, 16.0]

[1]
(d) Carbon dioxide is soluble in aqueous solutions and this can lead to an error in the
From your observations on carrying out the experiments suggest another significant
source of error. Explain the effect this will have on the measurements made and the
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
7 For
Examiner’s
Use
(e) Some of the carbon dioxide given off in the reaction remains dissolved in the acid
solution.
Suggest how you might modify the experimental method described to reduce or eliminate
this error.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(f) Carry out the following instructions.
• Half fill each of two test-tubes with distilled water and place the tubes in a test-tube
rack.
• To one test-tube add 1 spatula measure of powdered barium carbonate, BaCO3.
• To the second test-tube add 1 spatula measure of X2CO3.
• Stopper each test-tube and shake vigorously.
• Half fill each of two boiling-tubes with FB 3, dilute sulphuric acid.
• To one boiling-tube add 1 spatula measure of powdered barium carbonate,
BaCO3.
• To the second boiling-tube add 1 spatula measure of X2CO3.
• Do not attempt to stopper or shake either of these boiling-tubes.
BaCO3 X2CO3
water
FB 3
dilute sulphuric acid
It is suggested that sulphuric acid could be used in place of hydrochloric acid in

experiments to determine the Mr of metal carbonates.
Make use of your observations and your knowledge of the chemistry of barium, to
explain why the use of sulphuric acid would not be appropriate if the carbonate is barium
carbonate.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 12]
8 For
Examiner’s
Use
3 FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11 are aqueous solutions, each containing one of the cations listed on
page 11 of the qualitative analysis notes.
You will react FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11 with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and aqueous
ammonia, NH3, to identify the cations present in each of these solutions. You will also perform
tests to identify the anions present in FB 9 and FB 10.

Note that three of the cations listed on page 11 may give no precipitate with aqueous
NaOH.
(a) Pour 1 cm depth of FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11 into separate test-tubes. Stand the tubes
in a test-tube rack and add aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, a little at a time until the
reagent is in excess. Repeat the test with aqueous ammonia, NH3, as the reagent.
Record your observations in an appropriate form below.
ii
iii
iv
[4]
(b) Using the observations above it is not possible to identify a single cation for any of
the solutions. Use your observations and the qualitative analysis notes on page 11 to
identify, for each solution, two or three cations which could be present.
FB 9 could contain the cations ....................................................................................... .
FB 10 could contain the cations ..................................................................................... .
FB 11 could contain the cations .................................................................................... .
[2]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
9 For
Examiner’s
Use
(c) Use the qualitative analysis notes on page 11 to select further reagents or tests to
identify precisely which cation is present in each of FB 9, FB 10 and FB 11.

• your observations when the additional tests are carried out.
A boiling-tube must be used if any solution is to be heated.
ii
iii
iv
Conclusion
[4]
10 For
Examiner’s
Use
(d) FB 9 and FB 10 each contain one anion which is either a sulphate or a halide.
Use the qualitative analysis notes on page 12 to select appropriate reagents and tests
to determine which anion is present in each solution.

• your observations when the tests are carried out.
ii
iii
iv
vi
Conclusion
[6]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
11
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)


+
NH4 (aq)

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)








© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
12
ion reaction
CO2–
3

CrO2–
4



NO–3 (aq)

SO2–
4
(aq) strong acids)

SO2–
3
3 Tests for gases


© UCLES 2008 9701/32/O/N/08
*5014492689*
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
2 hours

Laboratory
part question.
Total
SJF4880/SJF 17555/2
2
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/O/N/09
3
1 You are provided with the following reagents. For

Examiner’s
• two weighing bottles labelled FA 1, each containing between 2.90 g and 3.00 g of Use
zinc powder
• FA 2, 0.80 mol dm–3 copper sulfate, CuSO4
You are to determine the enthalpy change, ∆H, for the following reaction.
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq)
You will carry out the experimental procedure twice.

Read through the instructions below before starting the experiment.
(a) You will weigh each bottle and later in the experiment weigh it again after the zinc powder
has been tipped into copper sulfate solution.
In the space below prepare a table to record the weighings and the mass of zinc powder
used in each experiment.
Weigh accurately, to at least one decimal place, one of the weighing bottles labelled
FA 1.
Record this mass in the table you have prepared. [1]
(b) Procedure
• Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker and, using a pipette, place 25.0 cm3
of FA 2 into the plastic cup.
• Stir gently, taking a temperature reading every ½ minute until a steady temperature
has been obtained for a period of at least 2 minutes. You may need to tilt the beaker
in order to cover the bulb of the thermometer with solution.
• On a precise minute reading tip the zinc powder from the weighing bottle into the
plastic cup.
Do not read the temperature at this time or at the following ½ minute.
• Continue to stir the mixture thoroughly. Starting 1 minute after the addition of the
zinc powder, record the temperature every ½ minute until the temperature has
reached a maximum value and then decreased steadily for at least 5 minutes.
• Reweigh the empty weighing bottle. Record the mass of the bottle + any residual
zinc powder and the mass of zinc powder used in the experiment in the table you
prepared in (a).
• Record your results in an appropriate form in the space on the following page.
Repeat the experiment using the contents of the second weighing bottle and
25.0 cm3 copper sulfate solution pipetted into a clean plastic cup.
4
(b) continued For

Examiner’s
Results Make certain your readings of temperature display the precision of the Use
apparatus used.
[11]
(c) Plot your temperature and time readings separately for each experiment on the grids
on the next page. Your temperature axis should extend 10 °C above the highest
temperature you recorded.
Draw lines as instructed below.
On each graph draw a horizontal straight line through the steady initial temperature.
Extrapolate the cooling section of each graph back to the time when you added the zinc
powder.
Draw construction lines on the graphs to deduce the “theoretical” temperature rise at
the moment of mixing the reagents.
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/O/N/09
5
experiment 1 experiment 2 For

Examiner’s
Use
[4]
6
(d) The “theoretical” temperature rises are ……………… °C and ……………… °C. For
Examiner’s
The mean “theoretical” temperature rise is ……………… °C. [1] Use
Calculations
Show working and appropriate significant figures in all of your calculations. [2]
(e) Calculate how many moles of copper sulfate, CuSO4, were pipetted into the plastic
cup.
……………… mol of CuSO4 were pipetted into the cup
For each experiment calculate how many moles of zinc powder were added to the
plastic cup.
[Ar: Zn, 65.4]
1st experiment 2nd experiment
In the 1st experiment ……………… mol of zinc powder were added to the plastic cup.
In the 2nd experiment ……………… mol of zinc powder were added to the plastic cup.
[1]
(f) Use your answers to (e) and the equation for the reaction to determine which reagent
was in excess and which was the limiting reagent. Explain your answer.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/O/N/09
7
(g) From your mean “theoretical” temperature rise at the time of mixing, calculate the heat For
energy released in the plastic cup by the reaction of zinc powder with copper sulfate Examiner’s
solution. Use
[You may assume that 4.3 J are required to raise the temperature of 1 cm3 of any solution
by 1 °C and that the mass of any solid may be ignored.]
……………… …… of heat energy are released. [1]
(h) Calculate, correct to 3 significant figures, the enthalpy change in kJ mol–1 for the
following reaction.
∆H = ……………………………… kJ mol–1
[2]
(i) Identify and explain one source of error in the experiment you have carried out.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(j) Suggest a way in which the experimental method you used could be improved in a
school or college laboratory in order to minimise this error.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 26]
8
2 The three boiling-tubes, labelled FA 3, FA 4, and FA 5, each contain a solid with one cation For
and one anion from those listed on pages 11 and 12. Examiner’s
Use
You will carry out specified tests to deduce the cations and anions present in FA 3, FA 4 and
FA 5.

If any solution is warmed a boiling-tube MUST be used.
(a) Heat the boiling-tube containing FA 5 gently at first then more strongly.
[2]
(b) In their boiling-tubes, dissolve FA 3, FA 4 and the cold residue after heating FA 5 in a
minimum of dilute nitric acid and then add distilled water so that each boiling-tube is
approximately ²⁄³ full. Warm to dissolve if necessary.
Use these solutions for tests (d), (e) and (f).
[1]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/O/N/09
9
(c) Which anion can be identified from your observations in (a) and (b)? For
Explain your answer. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) The cations present in FA 3, FA 4 and FA 5 can be identified by reaction of each solution
with aqueous sodium hydroxide and with aqueous ammonia.
React 1 cm depth of each of the solutions prepared in (b) with each of these two
reagents.
Record, in an appropriate form in the space below, your observations for these
reactions.
ii
iii
iv
vi
Conclusions
Using your observations you should be able to identify the cation present in two of
the solutions. For the remaining solution you should be able to identify two possible
cations.
FA 3 contains the cation(s) ……………………………… .

[6]
10
(e) Use the information on pages 11 and 12 to select a reagent to distinguish between the For
two possible cations identified as present in one of the solutions in (d). Examiner’s
Use
Carry out the test with the selected reagent.
reagent .............................................................................................................................
observation ......................................................................................................................
conclusion ........................................................................................................................
[2]
(f) Carry out the following tests.
observations
test
FA 3 FA 4 FA 5
To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-
of aqueous barium
nitrate,
then
add 2 cm depth of
dilute nitric acid.
To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-
of aqueous silver
nitrate,
then
allow any precipitate

formed to settle,
pour off the solution
and add aqueous
ammonia to the
precipitate.
What conclusions can be made from the observations above?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/O/N/09
11
reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)
ammonium, no ppt.
NH4+ (aq) ammonia produced on heating

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)




12
ion reaction

CO 32–
NO 3– (aq)
NO 2– (aq) NO liberated by dilute acids
3 Tests for gases

green
© UCLES 2009 9701/31/O/N/09
*0830907008*
CHEMISTRY 9701/32
2 hours

Laboratory
part question.
Total
DC (SJF4887/CG) 17559/3
2
1 This question concerns the solubility of FB 1, potassium nitrate, in water. For

Examiner’s
Use
The solubility of a substance in water is defined as:
the mass of substance that will dissolve in and just saturate 100 g of water at a particular
temperature.
When a solution is saturated the dissolved solid is in equilibrium with undissolved solid.
When a solution of potassium nitrate is cooled it becomes saturated when crystals form in
the solution.
You are to investigate how the solubility of FB 1 in water varies with temperature.
You are provided with the following materials.

weighing bottle, labelled FB 1, containing potassium nitrate
distilled water
Read through the instructions before starting any practical work.
Method
• Weigh an empty boiling-tube.
• Add the contents of the weighing bottle labelled FB 1 to the weighed boiling-tube.
• Reweigh the boiling-tube and its contents.
• Record, in an appropriate form below, your weighings and the mass of FB 1 used.
(a) Weighings
[2]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/O/N/09
3
(b) Preparing a saturated solution

• Fill the burette with distilled water.
• Add 14.00 cm3 of distilled water from the burette to the weighed boiling-tube containing
FB 1.
• Use the clamp as a holder for the boiling-tube. Take care not to break the tube by
clamping it too tightly.
• Warm the tube carefully, while stirring the contents with a thermometer, until all the
solid has dissolved. (Take care that you do not break the thermometer bulb or the
tube while stirring.)
• Keeping the tube in the clamp attach the clamp to a stand.
• Let the tube cool and continue to stir gently with the thermometer.
• Watch the solution carefully. Note and record (on the next page) the temperature at
which you first notice crystals forming in the solution.
• If you are uncertain about the temperature when crystals first form, warm the tube
again for a few moments and repeat the cooling.
• As soon as you have recorded the temperature add a further 2.00 cm3 of distilled
water to the tube from the burette.
• Warm to redissolve the solid and cool as before.
• Note and record (on the next page) the temperature at which crystals now form
in the solution. This will be lower than the temperature obtained with 14.00 cm3 of
water.
• Repeat the addition of 2.00 cm3 of distilled water, the heating and the cooling, until
you have four readings in total.
4
(c) In an appropriate form in the space below, record the following. For
Examiner’s
• the total volume of distilled water in the boiling-tube Use
• the temperature at which crystals first appeared for each solution
Make certain that your results show the precision of your working.
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
viii
[8]
(d) For each solution, calculate the solubility (in grams of solid per 100 g of water) using
the following formula.
100
solubility = × mass of FB 1 dissolved
volume of water
Complete the table below to show the solubility at different temperatures.

In all calculated values show appropriate significant figures.
solubility temperature
/ °C
(in grams of solid per
100 g of water)
[3]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/O/N/09
5
(e) Plot solubility against temperature and draw an appropriate line through the points For
plotted. Do not start at zero on either axis. You will need to be able to find the solubility Examiner’s
of FB1 at 42.5°C. Use
6
From the graph plotted the solubility of FB 1 in water at 42.5 °C is For

Examiner’s
…………….. g of solid per 100 g of water. Use
[6]
(f) Describe how the solubility of FB 1 changes with temperature.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(g) Use your answer to (f) and your understanding of equilibrium systems to explain if
dissolving FB 1, KNO3, under equilibrium conditions is exothermic or endothermic.
KNO3(s) + aq KNO3(aq)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(h) Suggest two possible sources of inaccuracy, other than poor experimental technique, in
this experiment.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/O/N/09
7
(i) A solution of KNO3, saturated at 60 °C, is prepared in a thermostatically controlled water For
bath. Examiner’s
Use
The solubility of KNO3 at 60 °C can be calculated if the mass of the solution and the
mass of solid dissolved in the solution can be determined.
Suggest steps to enable you to find these masses.
You may not need all of these numbered steps.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................
4 .......................................................................................................................................
5 .......................................................................................................................................
6 .......................................................................................................................................
7 .......................................................................................................................................
Show how you would calculate the solubility of KNO3 at 60 °C from the mass of the
solution and the mass of solid dissolved in the solution.
[2]
[Total: 26]
8
2 You are provided with three solids, FB 2, FB 3, and FB 4. For

Each of the solids contains one cation from those on page 11 and a sulfite or sulfate anion. Examiner’s
Use
You will carry out specified tests to identify the cations and anions present in FB 2, FB 3 and
FB 4. Use the data on pages 11 and 12.

If any solution is warmed a boiling-tube MUST be used.
(a) In separate boiling-tubes, dissolve half of each of the solids FB 2, FB 3 and FB 4 in a

minimum volume of dilute hydrochloric acid.
Gently warm each of the boiling-tubes.
Add distilled water so that each boiling-tube is approximately 2/3 full.
Record your observations in an appropriate form in the space below.
[2]
(b) The cations present in FB 2, FB 3 and FB 4 can be identified by reaction of each

solution, with aqueous sodium hydroxide and with aqueous ammonia.
React 1 cm depth of each of the solutions prepared in (a) with each of these two
reagents.
Record, in an appropriate form, in the space below your observations for these
reactions.
i
ii
iii
iv
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/O/N/09
9
Conclusions For
Examiner’s
Using your observations you should be able to identify the cation in two of the solutions. Use
For the remaining solution you should be able to identify two possible cations.
FB 2 contains the cation(s) ………………………………. .
FB 3 contains the cation(s) ………………………………. .
FB 4 contains the cation(s) ………………………………. . [5]
(c) Use the information on pages 11 and 12 to select a reagent to distinguish between the
two possible cations identified as present in one of the solutions in (b).
..........................................................................................................................................
Carry out the test with the selected reagent.
observation ......................................................................................................................
conclusion ........................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) In separate boiling-tubes shake the remaining half of each solid with 3 cm depth of
distilled water.
If any solid does not readily dissolve in water filter the mixture and retain the solution
formed.
You will need to keep some of the FB 2 solution for test (f).
Carry out the following tests.
test observations
FB 2 FB 3 FB 4
To 1 cm depth of the
solution in a test-tube, add
1 cm depth of aqueous
barium chloride,
then,
hydrochloric acid.
Draw appropriate conclusions as to the identity of the anion in each solution.
FB 2 contains the anion ………………………………. .
FB 3 contains the anion ………………………………. .
FB 4 contains the anion ………………………………. . [3]
10
(e) Explain why aqueous barium chloride must be added before hydrochloric acid when For
distinguishing between a sulfite and a sulfate. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(f) Carry out the following test with the solution of FB 2 prepared in (d).
test observation
To 1 cm depth of the solution

of FB 2 in a test-tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous potassium
iodide,
then
add a few drops of starch
solution.
What is the nature of the reaction taking place between FB 2 and potassium iodide?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/O/N/09
11
reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)
ammonium, no ppt.
NH4+ (aq) ammonia produced on heating

Ba2+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)




12
ion reaction

CO 32–
NO 3– (aq)
NO 2– (aq) NO liberated by dilute acids
3 Tests for gases

green
© UCLES 2009 9701/32/O/N/09
*7346664655*
CHEMISTRY 9701/33
2 hours

You are advised to show all working in calculations. Session

Laboratory
part question.
Total
DC (SJF5336) 11751/4
2
BLANK PAGE
9701/33/O/N/09
3

Examiner’s
• FA 1, hydrated iron(II) sulfate

• FA 2, aqueous iron(II) sulfate
• FA 3, aqueous potassium manganate(VII)
• FA 4, sulfuric acid
The formula of hydrated iron(II) sulfate is FeSO4.xH2O where x shows the number of
molecules of water of crystallisation present.
The value of x can be found by two different methods.
Method 1 involves heating to drive off water of crystallisation while Method 2 uses a titration
to determine the concentration of Fe2+(aq).
(a) Method 1
• Weigh a crucible and record the mass.

• Add between 1.80 g and 2.00 g of FA 1 and record the new mass.
• Place the crucible containing FA 1 on a pipe clay triangle and heat gently for about
four minutes with a Bunsen burner.
• Allow the crucible to cool. You should continue with Method 2 while the crucible is
cooling.
• Weigh the crucible and its contents.
Record all masses in the space below.
[3]
(b) Calculate the mass of water lost and the mass of iron(II) sulfate that remained after
heating.
mass of water lost = …………… g
mass of iron(II) sulfate remaining = …………… g

[1]
4
(c) Use your answer to (b) to calculate how many moles of water were lost and the moles of For
iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4, remaining after heating. Examiner’s
Show all of your working. Use
[Ar : Fe, 55.8; H, 1.0; O, 16.0; S, 32.1]
The hydrated iron(II) sulfate contained …………………………… mol of water
and …………………………… mol of FeSO4. [2]
(d) Use your answer to (c) to determine the value of x in the formula of hydrated iron(II)
sulfate, FeSO4.xH2O.
x = ……………….. [2]
(e) Method 2
• Fill the burette with FA 3, aqueous potassium manganate(VII). i

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 2 into a conical flask and use a measuring cylinder to add
ii
approximately 20 cm3 of FA 4.
• Titrate this solution with FA 3 from the burette until the first permanent pink colour iii
remains in the solution.
• Perform sufficient further titrations to obtain accurate results. iv
• Record your titration results in the space below. Make certain that your recorded
results show the precision of your working. v
vi
vii
viii
ix
xi
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FA 2 reacted with ………….……. cm3 of FA 3.
Show which results you used to obtain the value of the volume of FA 3 by placing a tick (✓)
under the readings used in your results. [11]
© UCLES 2009 9701/33/O/N/09
5
(f) All experimental methods contain errors, some of which are concerned with uncertainty For
of measurements. Examiner’s
Use
Complete the table below to show the uncertainties in measuring the volume of
potassium manganate(VII) used in Method 2.
maximum uncertainty in a single reading

with a burette ……………… cm3
volume of potassium manganate(VII),
FA 3, from the summary in (e) ……………… cm3
maximum percentage error in the volume of
potassium manganate(VII) used ……………… %
[2]
(g) Method 1 is usually less accurate than Method 2 for finding the value of x in the formula
of hydrated iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4.xH2O.
A group of students carried out Method 1 correctly but calculated a value of 9 for x. The
true value for x is 7.
Suggest an error in the practical procedure of the experiment that could account for this
difference.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(h) Suggest a modification that could be made to the practical procedure in Method 1 to
reduce this error.
Explain why this modification should give an answer nearer to 7.
modification ......................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
explanation ......................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 24]
BEFORE STARTING QUESTION 2, heat a half-full 250 cm3

beaker of water for use as a hot water-bath in question 3.
6
2 The four solutions FA 5, FA 6, FA 7 and FA 8 each contain one of the following anions. For
Examiner’s
• chloride, Cl – Use
• iodide, I–
• nitrate, NO3–
• nitrite, NO2–
Use information from the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 11 to answer the following
questions.
(a) Which single reagent could you use to identify the solution containing the nitrite ion?
..........................................................................................................................................
Which single reagent could you use to identify the solutions containing the chloride and
the iodide ion?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the reagents selected in (a) to test each of the solutions.
Record in an appropriate form in the space below, the reagents used and the
observations made.
i
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
From your observations identify the solutions containing chloride, iodide and nitrite ions.
In each case give evidence to support your answer.
solution ……………… contains the chloride ion.
solution ……………… contains the iodide ion.
solution ……………… contains the nitrite ion.
supporting evidence ................................................................................................... [7]
© UCLES 2009 9701/33/O/N/09
7
(c) Do not carry out this test. For

Examiner’s
State another test that you could use to confirm the presence of chloride and iodide ions. Use
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
8
3 (a) You are to carry out the tests given in the table below on solutions FA 9 and FA 10. For
You should record details of colour changes seen and the formation of any precipitate. Examiner’s
Use
Reheat your water bath until the water boils. Turn off the Bunsen burner.
test observations
(i) To 1 cm depth of FA 9 in a
dilute hydrochloric acid.
(ii) To 1 cm depth of FA 9 in a
dilute sulfuric acid.
(iii) To 1 cm depth of FA 10 in a
boiling-tube, add dilute sulfuric
acid until no further change
occurs.
Use this solution for test (iv).
(iv) To the solution left after test (iii)

add 1 cm depth of ethanol.
Place the mixture in your

hot water bath and leave for
approximately 3 minutes.
(v) To 1cm depth of FA 9 in a

test-tube add 1 cm depth of FA 10.
[4]
© UCLES 2009 9701/33/O/N/09
9
(b) From your observations in (a) identify the cation present in FA 9. Give evidence to For
support your answer. Examiner’s
Use
Solution FA 9 contains the ……………… ion.
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) What chemical change, involving ethanol, takes place in reaction (iv)? Give evidence to
support your answer.
chemical change ..............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
10
reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
© UCLES 2009 9701/33/O/N/09
11
ion reaction
carbonate,
CO32–
yellow soln turns orange with H+(aq);
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
iodide, gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble In NH3(aq));
nitrate,
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acid);
SO42– (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
3 Tests for gases

carbon dioxide, CO2
© UCLES 2009 9701/33/O/N/09
12
BLANK PAGE
9701/33/O/N/09
*8512416568*
CHEMISTRY 9701/34
2 hours

Session
Qualitative Analysis Notes are printed on pages 9 and 10. Laboratory

part question.
Total
DC (SJF5337) 11762/3
2
BLANK PAGE
9701/34/O/N/09
3

Examiner’s
• FB 1, hydrated copper(II) sulfate

• FB 2, aqueous copper(II) sulfate
• FB 3, aqueous sodium thiosulfate
• FB 4, aqueous potassium iodide
• FB 5, starch indicator solution
The formula of hydrated copper(II) sulfate is CuSO4.xH2O where x shows the number of
molecules of water of crystallisation present.
The value of x can be found by two different methods.

Method 1 involves heating to drive off water of crystallisation while Method 2 uses a titration
to determine the concentration of Cu2+(aq).
(a) Method 1
• Weigh a crucible and record the mass.

• Add between 2.50 g and 2.70 g of FB 1 and record the new mass.
• Place the crucible containing FB 1 on a pipe clay triangle and heat gently for about
four minutes with a Bunsen burner.
• Allow the crucible to cool. You should continue with Method 2 while the crucible is
cooling.
• Weigh the crucible and its contents.
Record all masses in the space below.
[3]
(b) Calculate the mass of water lost and the mass of copper(II) sulfate that remained after
heating.
mass of water lost = …………… g
mass of copper(II) sulfate remaining = …………… g

[1]
4
(c) Use your answer to (b) to calculate how many moles of water were lost and the moles of For
copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4, remaining after heating. Examiner’s
Show all of your working. Use
[Ar : Cu, 63.5; H, 1.0; O, 16.0; S, 32.1]
The hydrated copper(II) sulfate contained …………………………… mol of water
and …………………………… mol of CuSO4. [2]
(d) Use your answer to (c) to determine the value of x in the formula of hydrated copper(II)
sulfate, CuSO4.xH2O.
x = ……………….. [2]
(e) Method 2
• Fill the burette with FB 3, aqueous sodium thiosulfate. i

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 2 into a conical flask and use a measuring cylinder to add
10 cm3 of FB 4. ii
• Titrate this solution with FB 3 from the burette until the mixture becomes yellow- iii
brown. Do not add too much FB 3 at this stage.
• An off-white precipitate is also present in the flask and this will mask the colour of iv
the solution.
• Add approximately 1 cm3 of FB 5. The solution will become blue-black as a starch v
iodine complex is formed.
• Continue the titration until the blue-black colour of the complex just disappears vi
leaving the off-white precipitate. vii
• Perform sufficient further titrations to obtain accurate results.
• Record your titration results in the space below. Make certain that your recorded viii
results show the precision of your working.
ix
xi
Summary
25.0 cm3 of FB 2 reacted with ………….……. cm3 of FB 3.
Show which results you used to obtain the value of the volume of FB 3 by placing a tick (✓)
under the readings used in your results. [11]
© UCLES 2009 9701/34/O/N/09
5
(f) (i) In Method 1 a student was advised to carry out all weighings using the same For
balance. What type of error might be introduced if more than one balance was Examiner’s
used? Use
..................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) In Method 2, 10 cm3 of FB 4 was added during the titration process.

Assume that the measuring cylinder used could be read to ± 0.5 cm3.
Calculate the percentage error in the measurement of this volume.
………….. % error [1]
(g) Method 1 is usually less accurate than Method 2 for finding the value of x in the formula
of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4.xH2O.
A group of students carried out Method 1 correctly but calculated a value of 4 for x. The
true value for x is 5.
Suggest an error in the practical procedure of the experiment that could account for this
difference.
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(h) Suggest a modification that could be made to the practical procedure in Method 1 to
reduce this error.
Explain why this modification should give an answer nearer to 5.
modification .....................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
explanation .....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 24]
6
2 In this question you should use information from the Qualitative Analysis Notes on pages 9 For
and 10. Examiner’s
Use
(a) Solutions FB 6, FB 7 and FB 8 are known to be either chlorides or sulfates of aluminium,

magnesium or calcium. The addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous
ammonia can be used to give information about the cation present.
Add NaOH(aq) and NH3(aq) separately to each of the solutions FB 6, FB 7 and FB 8.
Record both the tests and your observations in an appropriate form in the space below.
i
ii
iii
iv
vi
vii
From your observations identify the solutions containing aluminium, magnesium and
calcium ions. In each case give evidence to support your answer.
Solution ……………… contains the aluminium ion.
supporting evidence .......................................................................................................
Solution ……………… contains the magnesium ion.
supporting evidence .......................................................................................................
Solution ……………… contains the calcium ion.
supporting evidence ................................................................................................... [7]
© UCLES 2009 9701/34/O/N/09
7
(b) Choose a pair of reagents that, used together, would identify which solution or solutions For
contain(s) the sulfate ion. Examiner’s
Use
Carry out the tests and record, in the space below, the reagents used and the
observations made.
The sulfate ion is present in …………………………… . [2]
[Total: 9]
8
3 (a) You are to carry out the tests given in the table below on solid FB 9. For
Examiner’s
Record details of any gases that are released in the reactions. These gases should be Use
identified by a test, described in the appropriate part of the table.

test observations
(i) Place a spatula measure of FB 9 in the
small hard-glass test-tube labelled FB 9
and heat the solid strongly.
(ii) To 1 cm depth of aqueous sodium

hydroxide in a boiling-tube, add 1 spatula
measure of FB 9,
then
gently heat the mixture, do not boil
Care is needed when heating aqueous

sodium hydroxide.
(iii) To 1 cm depth of aqueous sodium
hydroxide in a boiling-tube, add 1
spatula measure of FB 9 and a piece of
aluminium foil,
then
gently heat the mixture.
Care is needed when heating aqueous

sodium hydroxide.
[4]
(b) What elements must be present in FB 9 to give the results you have obtained in test (i)
and test (iii)?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) What is the function of the aluminium foil in test (iii)?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Do not carry out this test

What would you expect to see if 1 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric acid was added to a
spatula measure of FB 9?
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2009 9701/34/O/N/09
9
reaction with
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
10
ion reaction
carbonate,
CO32–
yellow soln turns orange with H+(aq);
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
nitrate,
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
sulfate, gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (insoluble in excess dilute strong acid);
SO42– (aq) gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
3 Tests for gases

carbon dioxide, CO2
© UCLES 2009 9701/34/O/N/09
11
BLANK PAGE
9701/34/O/N/09
12
BLANK PAGE
9701/34/O/N/09
* 3 9 3 3 2 7 9 2 9 0 *
CHEMISTRY 9701/31
Advanced Practical Skills October/November 2010
2 hours

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use
appropriate units. Session
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. Laboratory
part question.
Total
DC (CW/SW) 28271/4
2
There are three questions on this paper. Question 2 should not be the last question For
attempted. Examiner’s
Use
1 You are to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid, which supplies the H+ ions in
the following reaction.
IO3–(aq) + 5I–(aq) + 6H+(aq) 3H2O(l) + 3I2(aq)
In the presence of an excess of IO3– ions and an excess of I– ions, the amount of I2 liberated
is directly proportional to the amount of H+ ions present and can be determined by titration
with sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.
You are provided with the following reactants.
FA 1 hydrochloric acid
FA 2 contai ning 15.0 g dm–3 sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.5H2O
aqueous potassium iodate(V), KIO3
aqueous potassium iodide, KI
(a) Method

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into the conical flask.
• Use a 25 cm3 measuring cylinder to add to the flask 10 cm3 of aqueous potassium
iodate(V) and 10 cm3 of aqueous potassium iodide. There is an excess of each of
these reagents.
• Place the flask on a white tile.
• Titrate the liberated iodine with FA 2.
• During the titration the colour of the iodine in the solution will fade from red-brown
to orange to yellow. The end-point occurs when the solution just goes colourless
with the addition of a single drop of FA 2.
• You should perform a rough titration.
In the space below record your burette readings for this rough titration.
II
The rough titre is ................................. cm3 III

• Carry out as many accurate titrations as you think necessary to obtain consistent
IV
results.
• Record in a suitable form below all of your burette readings and the volume of FA 2 V
added in each accurate titration.
• Make certain any recorded results show the precision of your practical work. VI
VII
[7]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/O/N/10
3
(b) From your titration results obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculation. For
Show clearly how you have obtained this value. Examiner’s
Use
25.0 cm3 of FA 1 require .............. cm3 of FA 2. [1]
Calculations
your calculations.
(c) (i) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the sodium thiosulfate in FA 2.
FA 2 contai ns 15.0 g dm–3 Na2S2O3.5H2O.
[Ar: H, 1.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0; S, 32.1]
The concentration of sodium thiosulfate in FA 2 is ............................ mol dm–3.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of Na2S2O3 are contained in the volume of FA 2 recorded
in (b).
.............. mol of Na2S2O3
(iii) Calculate how many moles of iodine, I2 reacted with the Na2S2O3 in (ii).
2Na2S2O3(aq) + I2(aq) Na2S4O6(aq) + 2NaI(aq)
............................ mol of iodine reacted with the sodium thiosulfate.
(iv) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid, HCl, reacted with an excess of
potassium iodate(V) and an excess of potassium iodide to produce the amount of
iodine calculated in (iii).

I
II
III
............................ mol of HCl produced the amount of iodine calculated in (iii). IV
4
(v) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of HCl in FA 1. For

Examiner’s
Use
The concentration of HCl in FA 1 is ....................... mol dm–3.

[5]
(d)
Each reading with a burette has a maximum error of ±0.05 cm3.

Grade B volumetric (bulb) pipettes are calibrated to ±0.06 cm3.
(i) Calculate the maximum error in the volume run from the burette recorded in any
titration.
The maximum error is ............................... cm3.
(ii) Express the maximum error calculated in (i) as a percentage error for the volume
calculated in (b).
The maximum error is .................................. %.
(iii) Calculate the percentage error when 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 was pipetted into the conical
flask.
The error was .................................. %.

[2]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/O/N/10
5
BLANK PAGE
6
2 FA 3 is powdered basic copper(II) carbonate, a hydrated mixture of copper(II) carbonate For

and copper(II) hydroxide. Examiner’s
The approximate formula for the basic carbonate is CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.H2O. Use
When heated, basic copper(II) carbonate decomposes.
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.H2O(s) 2CuO(s) + CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
You are to determine the change in mass as the solid is heated and decomposed.
• Record all weighings in an appropriate form in the space below.

• Weigh and record the mass of an empty boiling-tube.
• Tip the contents of the tube labelled FA 3 into the weighed boiling-tube. Reweigh
and record the total mass of the boiling-tube and FA 3.
• Heat FA 3 in the boiling-tube very gently until the vigorous decomposition of
the copper carbonate has stopped; then heat more strongly for 1 to 2 minutes.
Take care not to lose any solid from the tube during the initial heating.
• Warm the upper parts of the boiling-tube to evaporate any water that may have
condensed while heating the carbonate.
• Place the hot tube on a heat-proof mat and leave to cool.
• You are advised to continue with part (d) of this question or to start another
question while the tube cools.
• When cool, reweigh the boiling-tube and the residual copper(II) oxide.
• Reheat, cool and reweigh the tube until you are satisfied decomposition is
complete.
Results
In an appropriate form, in the space below, record all of your balance readings, the mass of
basic copper(II) carbonate and the mass of residual copper oxide.
II
III
IV
VI
[6]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/O/N/10
7
Calculations For
Examiner’s
(b) Calculate the loss in mass during the experiment as a percentage of the mass of solid Use
heated.
[1]
(c) The theoretical loss in mass is 33.5%.
The proportions of CuCO3 and Cu(OH)2 in the basic carbonate can vary from the
1:1 ratio given in the formula.
Make use of the following information to account for the difference between the value
you have calculated in (b) and the theoretical percentage loss in mass.
1 mol CuCO3(s) 1 mol C O2(g)

1 mol Cu(OH)2(s) 1 mol H 2O(g)
Assume that 1 mol of any sample of the solid basic carbonate contains 1 mol H2O.
[Mr: CO2, 44.0; H2O, 18.0]
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Add to the diagram below additional standard laboratory apparatus that would enable
you to collect and measure the volume of carbon dioxide evolved in the experiment.
Ensure that your apparatus does not also collect and measure any of the water vapour
evolved.
heat
[2]
[Total: 10]
8
3 FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7 are aqueous solutions each containing one of the ions Al 3+, For
Mg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+. Examiner’s
Use
You will carry out the following tests on each of the solutions.

I
Marks are not given for chemical equations. II
III
(a) Carry out the following tests. Record your observations in the spaces provided in the IV
table.
You should rinse and reuse test-tubes where possible.
observations
test
FA 4 FA 5 FA 6 FA 7
(i) To 1 cm depth of
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
Swirl the tube, then
add a further 2 cm
depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
ammonia.
add a further 2 cm
depth of aqueous
ammonia.
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
potassium iodide.
[4]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/O/N/10
9
(b) Use the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 11 to identify the cation present in each of For
the solutions. Examiner’s
Complete the table below to identify each ion and to give supporting evidence from your Use
observations.
solution cation supporting evidence
FA 4
I
II
FA 5
III
IV
FA 6
FA 7
[4]
Do not carry out the following test.
(c) Use the Qualitative Analysis Notes on pages 11 and 12 to select a further reagent that
could be used to confirm the presence of Pb2+ in one of the solutions FA 4, FA 5, FA 6
and FA 7.
The reagent is ........................................................................................................... . [1]
10
(d) FA 8 contains aqueous copper(II) ions. For

Carry out the following tests and make careful observations of all that happens in each Examiner’s
experiment. Use
test observations
FA 8 in a boiling-
tube add 1 spatula
measure of zinc
metal powder.
Leave to stand for

1 minute, then
add 2 cm depth of
distilled water and
leave to stand for a
further 2 minutes.
FA 8 in a test-tube
add 1 cm depth
I
of concentrated
hydrochloric acid. II
(Care: corrosive)
Retain the mixture III
for use in (iii).
IV
(iii) Using a dropping
pipette transfer V
1 cm depth of the
solution in (ii) into
another test-tube.
Add 1 cm depth of
water and shake
the tube.
[5]
(e) From your observations in (d)(i) complete the equation below:
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s)
[1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/31/O/N/10
11
Key: [ ppt. = precipitate ]
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
12
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
2– (aq)
CrO4
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
strong acid)
SO42– (aq)
SO3 2– (aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2010 9701/31/O/N/10
* 7 3 8 2 6 7 2 4 3 8 *
CHEMISTRY 9701/33
2 hours

part question.
Total
DC (NH/SW) 35386
2
Use
1 You are to determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid, which supplies the H+ ions in
the following reaction.
In the presence of an excess of IO3– ions and an excess of I– ions, the amount of I2 liberated
is directly proportional to the amount of H+ ions present and can be determined by titration
with sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.
You are provided with the following reactants.
FA 1 hydrochloric acid
FA 2 contai ning 15.0 g dm–3 sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3.5H2O
aqueous potassium iodate(V), KIO3
aqueous potassium iodide, KI
(a) Method

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into the conical flask.
• Use a 25 cm3 measuring cylinder to add to the flask 10 cm3 of aqueous potassium
iodate(V) and 10 cm3 of aqueous potassium iodide. There is an excess of each of
these reagents.
• Titrate the liberated iodine with FA 2.
• During the titration the colour of the iodine in the solution will fade from red-brown
to orange to yellow. The end-point occurs when the solution just goes colourless
with the addition of a single drop of FA 2.
• You should perform a rough titration.
II
The rough titre is ................................. cm3 III

IV
results.
• Record in a suitable form below all of your burette readings and the volume of FA 2 V
• Make certain any recorded results show the precision of your practical work. VI
VII
[7]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/O/N/10
3
(b) From your titration results obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculation. For
Use
25.0 cm3 of FA 1 require .............. cm3 of FA 2. [1]
Calculations
your calculations.
(c) (i) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the sodium thiosulfate in FA 2.
FA 2 contai ns 15.0 g dm–3 Na2S2O3.5H2O.
[Ar: H, 1.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0; S, 32.1]
The concentration of sodium thiosulfate in FA 2 is ............................ mol dm–3.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of Na2S2O3 are contained in the volume of FA 2 recorded
in (b).
.............. mol of Na2S2O3
(iii) Calculate how many moles of iodine, I2 reacted with the Na2S2O3 in (ii).
2Na2S2O3(aq) + I2(aq) Na2S4O6(aq) + 2NaI(aq)
............................ mol of iodine reacted with the sodium thiosulfate.
(iv) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid, HCl, reacted with an excess of
potassium iodate(V) and an excess of potassium iodide to produce the amount of
iodine calculated in (iii).

I
II
III
............................ mol of HCl produced the amount of iodine calculated in (iii). IV
4
(v) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of HCl in FA 1. For

Examiner’s
Use
The concentration of HCl in FA 1 is ....................... mol dm–3.

[5]
(d)
Each reading with a burette has a maximum error of ±0.05 cm3.

Grade B volumetric (bulb) pipettes are calibrated to ±0.06 cm3.
(i) Calculate the maximum error in the volume run from the burette recorded in any
titration.
The maximum error is ............................... cm3.
(ii) Express the maximum error calculated in (i) as a percentage error for the volume
calculated in (b).
The maximum error is .................................. %.
(iii) Calculate the percentage error when 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 was pipetted into the conical
flask.
The error was .................................. %.

[2]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/O/N/10
5
BLANK PAGE
6
2 FA 3 is powdered basic copper(II) carbonate, a hydrated mixture of copper(II) carbonate For

and copper(II) hydroxide. Examiner’s
The approximate formula for the basic carbonate is CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.H2O. Use
When heated, basic copper(II) carbonate decomposes.
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.H2O(s) 2CuO(s) + CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
You are to determine the change in mass as the solid is heated and decomposed.
• Record all weighings in an appropriate form in the space below.

• Tip the contents of the tube labelled FA 3 into the weighed boiling-tube. Reweigh
and record the total mass of the boiling-tube and FA 3.
• Heat FA 3 in the boiling-tube very gently until the vigorous decomposition of
the copper carbonate has stopped; then heat more strongly for 1 to 2 minutes.
Take care not to lose any solid from the tube during the initial heating.
condensed while heating the carbonate.
• When cool, reweigh the boiling-tube and the residual copper(II) oxide.
complete.
Results
basic copper(II) carbonate and the mass of residual copper oxide.
II
III
IV
VI
[6]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/O/N/10
7
Calculations For
Examiner’s
(b) Calculate the loss in mass during the experiment as a percentage of the mass of solid Use
heated.
[1]
(c) The theoretical loss in mass is 33.5%.
The proportions of CuCO3 and Cu(OH)2 in the basic carbonate can vary from the
1:1 ratio given in the formula.
Make use of the following information to account for the difference between the value
you have calculated in (b) and the theoretical percentage loss in mass.
1 mol CuCO3(s) 1 mol C O2(g)

1 mol Cu(OH)2(s) 1 mol H 2O(g)
Assume that 1 mol of any sample of the solid basic carbonate contains 1 mol H2O.
[Mr: CO2, 44.0; H2O, 18.0]
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Add to the diagram below additional standard laboratory apparatus that would enable
you to collect and measure the volume of carbon dioxide evolved in the experiment.
Ensure that your apparatus does not also collect and measure any of the water vapour
evolved.
heat
[2]
[Total: 10]
8
3 FA 4, FA 5, FA 6 and FA 7 are aqueous solutions each containing one of the ions Al 3+, For
Mg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+. Examiner’s
Use

I
Marks are not given for chemical equations. II
III
(a) Carry out the following tests. Record your observations in the spaces provided in the IV
table.
You should rinse and reuse test-tubes where possible.
observations
test
FA 4 FA 5 FA 6 FA 7
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
add a further 2 cm
depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
ammonia.
add a further 2 cm
depth of aqueous
ammonia.
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
potassium iodide.
[4]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/O/N/10
9
(b) Use the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 11 to identify the cation present in each of For
the solutions. Examiner’s
Complete the table below to identify each ion and to give supporting evidence from your Use
observations.
FA 4
I
II
FA 5
III
IV
FA 6
FA 7
[4]
Do not carry out the following test.
(c) Use the Qualitative Analysis Notes on pages 11 and 12 to select a further reagent that
could be used to confirm the presence of Pb2+ in one of the solutions FA 4, FA 5, FA 6
and FA 7.
The reagent is ........................................................................................................... . [1]
10
(d) FA 8 contains aqueous copper(II) ions. For

Carry out the following tests and make careful observations of all that happens in each Examiner’s
experiment. Use
test observations
FA 8 in a boiling-
tube add 1 spatula
measure of zinc
metal powder.
Leave to stand for

1 minute, then
add 2 cm depth of
distilled water and
leave to stand for a
further 2 minutes.
FA 8 in a test-tube
add 1 cm depth
I
of concentrated
hydrochloric acid. II
(Care: corrosive)
Retain the mixture III
for use in (iii).
IV
(iii) Using a dropping
pipette transfer V
1 cm depth of the
solution in (ii) into
another test-tube.
Add 1 cm depth of
water and shake
the tube.
[5]
(e) From your observations in (d)(i) complete the equation below:
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s)
[1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/33/O/N/10
11
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
12
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
2– (aq)
CrO4
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
strong acid)
SO42– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2010 9701/33/O/N/10
* 1 8 6 3 3 0 7 0 2 5 *
CHEMISTRY 9701/34
2 hours

appropriate units.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary. Session
part question.
Total
DC (CW) 28188/3
2
Use
1 FB 1 is an aqueous solution containing 21.50 g dm–3 of a mixture of iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4

and iron(III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3.
FB 2 is an aqueous solution containing 2.00 g dm–3 potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4.
In the presence of acid, the iron(II) sulfate is oxidised by potassium manganate(VII).
2KMnO4(aq) + 8H2SO4(aq) + 10FeSO4(aq) 5Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 8H2O(l)
(a) Method
• Fill a burette with FB 2.

• Pipette cm3 of FB 1 into the conical flask.
25.0
• Use a 25 cm3 measuring cylinder to add 10 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid to the flask.
• Carefully titrate with FB 2 until the first permanent pink colour is obtained.
You should perform a rough titration.

The rough titre is ............................ cm3.
results. I
• Record in a suitable form below all of your burette readings and the volume of FB 2
II
• Make certain any recorded results show the precision of your practical work. III
IV
VI
VII
[7]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
3
(b) From your accurate titration results obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculation. For
Use
25.0 cm3 of FB 1 required .............. cm3 of FB 2. [1]
Calculations
your calculations.
(c) (i) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the potassium manganate(VII) in
FB 2.
FB 2 contai ns 2.00 g dm–3 KMnO4.
[Ar: O, 16.0; K, 39.1; Mn, 54.9]
The concentration of potassium manganate(VII) in FB 2 is ............................ mol dm–3.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of KMnO4 were present in the volume calculated in (b).
.................... mol of KMnO4.
(iii) Calculate how many moles of iron(II) sulfate, FeSO4, reacted with the potassium
manganate(VII) in (ii).
2KMnO4(aq) + 8H2SO4(aq) + 10FeSO4(aq) 5Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 2MnSO4(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 8H2O(l) I
II
III
IV
V
............................ mol of FeSO4 reacted with the potassium manganate(VII).
4
(iv) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3 of FeSO4 in FB 1. For

Examiner’s
Use
The concentration of FeSO4 in FB 1 is ....................... mol dm–3.
(v) Calculate the concentration, in g dm–3, of FeSO4 in FB 1.

[Ar: O, 16.0; S, 32.1; Fe, 55.8]
FB 1 contains ..................... g dm–3 of FeSO4.
(vi) FB 1 is an aqueous solution containing 21.50 g dm–3 of FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3.

Calculate the percentage, by mass, of FeSO4 in this mixture.
The mixture contains ....................... % FeSO4.

[5]
[Total: 13]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
5
BLANK PAGE
6
2 FB 3 is a mixture containing anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, and sodium For

hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3. Examiner’s
Use
When heated, sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes.
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Anhydrous sodium carbonate does not decompose when heated.
You are to determine if sodium hydrogencarbonate is the major component, by mass, of the
mixture in FB 3.

• Tip the contents of the tube labelled FB 3 into the weighed boiling-tube. Reweigh
and record the mass of the boiling-tube and FB 3.
• Gently heat the FB 3 in the boiling-tube for 2 minutes then heat strongly for a further
2 minutes.
Take care not to lose any solid from the tube during heating.
condensed while heating the solid.
• When cool, reweigh the boiling-tube and the residual sodium carbonate.
complete.
Results
FB 3 heated, the mass of residual sodium carbonate and the mass loss on heating.
I
II
III
IV
VI
[6]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
7
Calculations For
Examiner’s
Do not use your experimental results in part (i) Use
(b) (i) Use the equation for the decomposition of NaHCO3 on heating to
mass of NaHCO3
calculate the theoretical ratio .
mass loss on heating
2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
[Mr: NaHCO3, 84.0; CO2, 44.0; H2O, 18.0]
theoretical ratio = .......................................
(ii) Use the following expression to calculate the mass of NaHCO3 in the sample of
FB 3 that was heated.
theoretical ratio from b(i) × experimental mass loss from (a)
mass of NaHCO3 = .................................... g
(iii) Tick the appropriate box in the table below.
NaHCO3 is the major component, by mass, in FB 3
NaHCO3 is not the major component, by mass, in FB 3
Justify your answer with supporting evidence.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
8
(c) Do not carry out your suggestions. For

Examiner’s
Suggest two ways in which you could show that sodium carbonate does not decompose Use
on heating.
(i) ....................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
(ii) ...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) A student is asked to weigh, with maximum precision, a solid.
The three balances available are:
balance A, reading to 1 decimal place,

balance B, reading to 2 decimal places,
balance C, reading to 3 decimal places.
The smallest division on a burette is 0.1 cm3.

The maximum error in a single burette reading is ±0.05 cm3
Balance readings can be treated in the same way.
Complete the following table.
maximum error for a

balance single balance reading maximum % error when weighing:
/g
A ± 9.0 g of solid =
B ± 4.00 g of solid =
C ± 0.500 g of solid =
[2]
[Total: 12]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
9
BLANK PAGE
10
3 FB 4, FB 5, FB 6 and FB 7 are aqueous solutions each containing one of the ions Al 3+, For
NH4+, Mg2+, Mn2+. Examiner’s
Use


(a) Carry out the following tests. Record your observations in the spaces provided in the
table.
observations
test
FB 4 FB 5 FB 6 FB 7
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm
depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
add a further 2 cm
depth of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
In tests (ii) and (iii) put a cross in any boxes where the test is not carried out.
(ii) If a precipitate
remains at the end
of test (i) leave
the test-tube and
contents to stand
for a few minutes.
(iii) If no precipitate
formed at all in
test (i) tip the
contents of the tube
into a boiling-tube
and warm gently.
Care: heated
solutions
containing
sodium hydroxide
are liable to be
ejected from the
tube.
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
11
For
observations Examiner’s
test Use
FB 4 FB 5 FB 6 FB 7
(iv) To 1 cm depth of I
solution in a test-
tube add 1 cm II
depth of aqueous
ammonia. III
IV
add a further 2 cm
depth of aqueous V
ammonia.
VI
[6]
(b) Use the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 13 to identify the cation present in each of
the solutions.
Complete the table below to identify each ion and to give supporting evidence from your
observations.
FB 4
FB 5 II
III
IV
FB 6
FB 7
[4]
Rinse and re-use test-tubes where possible.
12
(c) Carry out the following tests on the solution you have identified as containing Al 3+ ions For
and record your observations in the spaces provided. Examiner’s
Use
observation
(i) Add aqueous sodium iodide
(ii) Add dilute sulfuric acid
Explain how your results confirm the presence of Al 3+ and eliminate any other ion.
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) What other cation listed in the Qualitative Analysis Notes on page 13 would give similar
results to Al 3+ in (a)?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(e) Carry out the following tests and make careful observations of all that happens in each
experiment. Complete the table.
test observations
(i) To 1 cm depth of aqueous
silver nitrate in a test-tube add
1 cm depth of aqueous sodium
chloride.
Keep the tube for comparison
with the observations in test (ii).
(ii) Repeat test (i).
To 1 cm depth of aqueous
silver nitrate in a test-tube add Do not repeat your observations
1 cm depth of aqueous sodium from test (i)
chloride,
then
add 1 cm depth of aqueous
sodium iodide and shake the
tube.
[2]
(f) Suggest an explanation for your observations when aqueous sodium iodide is added in
test (e)(ii).
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
13
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
14
ion reaction
CO32–
chromate(VI),
2– (aq)
CrO4
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
strong acid)
SO42– (aq)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
15
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© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
16
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© UCLES 2010 9701/34/O/N/10
* 4 8 2 7 3 9 6 4 7 7 *
CHEMISTRY 9701/35
2 hours

part question.
Total
DC (NF) 28264/3
2
1 FA 1 is an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl. For

FA 2 is aqueous sodium hydroxide containing 10.00 g dm–3 NaOH. Examiner’s
Use
You are to determine the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the hydrochloric acid in FA 1.
(a) Method

• Pipette 10.0 cm3 of FA 1 into a conical flask.
• Add to the flask a few drops of the acid-base indicator provided.
• Titrate the acid in the flask with FA 2.

The rough titre is .............................................. cm3.
• Carry out as many accurate titrations as you think necessary to obtain consistent I
results.
• Record in a suitable form below all of your burette readings and the volume of FA 2 II
added in each accurate titration. III
• Make certain any recorded results show the precision of your practical work.
IV
VI
VII
[7]
(b) From your titration results obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculation.
Show clearly how you have obtained this value.
10.0 cm3 of FA 1 required ................................. cm3 of FA 2.

[1]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
3
Calculations For
Examiner’s
Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step Use
of your calculations.
(c) (i) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the sodium hydroxide in FA 2.
FA 2 contai ns 10.00 g dm–3 NaOH.
[Ar: H, 1.0; O, 16.0; Na, 23.0]
The concentration of sodium hydroxide in FA 2 is ...................................... mol dm–3.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of sodium hydroxide are contained in the volume
recorded in (b).
................................................................. mol of NaOH.
(iii) Deduce how many moles of hydrochloric acid were pipetted into the conical flask
and calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the hydrochloric acid in FA 1.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
II
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid in FA 1 is ...................................... mol dm–3.

[2]
[Total: 10]
4
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
5
2 FA 3 is crushed impure calcium carbonate, CaCO3. For

FA 4 i s 0.500 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid Examiner’s
FA 5 i s 0.280 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide. Use
You are to determine the percentage purity of calcium carbonate by dissolving a

measured mass of FA 3 in a known volume of hydrochloric acid, which is in excess.
The hydrochloric acid remaining after all the calcium carbonate has dissolved can be
determined by titration with aqueous sodium hydroxide, FA 4.
You may assume that any impurity present in the calcium carbonate does not react with
hydrochloric acid.

• Add to the boiling-tube between 2.60 g and 2.80 g of FA 3.
• Reweigh the tube and its contents.
• In part (b) of the method you will tip the FA 3 into hydrochloric acid, then re-weigh
the tube and any residual FA 3.
I
In the space below record, in an appropriate form, all of the balance readings and the
mass of FA 3 used in the experiment. II
[2]
(b) Method – Read through the instructions before starting any practical work.
• Pour approximately 150 cm3 of FA 4 into a 250 cm3 beaker.

• Add, a little at a time with constant stirring, the weighed FA 3 to the acid in the
beaker.
• After each small addition stir until the effervescence has ceased and all the solid
has dissolved.
• Reweigh the tube and any residual FA 3. Record the mass in (a).
• Transfer the solution in the beaker to the 250 cm3 graduated (volumetric) flask
labelled FA 6.
• Rinse the beaker several times with a small amount of FA 4 and add the rinsings
to the graduated flask.
• Make up the solution to the 250 cm3 mark by adding FA 4, not water.
• Shake the flask to obtain a uniform solution.
6
Titration For
Examiner’s
• Fill a burette with FA 5. Use
• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 6 from the graduated flask into a conical flask.
• Add to the flask a few drops of the acid-base indicator provided.
• Titrate the acid in the flask with FA 5.

The rough titre is .............................................. cm3.
results.
• Record in a suitable form below all of your burette readings and the volume of FA 5
added in each titration.
II
[2]
(c) From your titration results obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculation.
25.0 cm3 of FA 6 required ................................. cm3 of FA 5.
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
7
(d) Calculations For

Examiner’s
Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step Use
Remember – FA 4 i s 0.500 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid

FA 5 i s 0.280 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide.
(i) Calculate how many moles of sodium hydroxide are contained in the volume
recorded in (c).
................................. mol of NaOH
(ii) Deduce how many moles of hydrochloric acid reacted with the sodium hydroxide in
(i) and calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were present in the 250 cm3
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
........................ mol of HCl were present in the graduated flask.
(iii) Calculate how many moles of hydrochloric acid were present in 250 cm3 of FA 4.
250 cm3 of FA 4 contained ....................................... mol HCl.
(iv) Calculate the following.
(answer to (d)(iii) – answer to (d)(ii))
This is the amount of hydrochloric acid that reacted with the calcium carbonate in
the weighed sample of FA 3.
II
............... mol of HCl reacted with the calcium carbonate in ............... g FA 3.
8
(v) Use your answer to (iv) to calculate the mass of calcium carbonate that reacted For
with hydrochloric acid. Examiner’s
This is the mass of pure CaCO3 in the weighed sample of FA 3. Use
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
[Ar: Ca, 40.0; C, 12.0; O, 16.0]
The weighed sample of FA 3 contains .................................. g of CaCO3.
(vi) Calculate the percentage of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, in FA 3 by evaluating the

following expression.
mass of CaCO3 from (d)(v)

× 100
mass of FA 3 used, from (a) III
Complete your evaluation even if your answer is greater than 100% IV
FA 3 contains ................... % calcium carbonate.

[5]
(e) 6.25 g of pure calcium carbonate are required to neutralise all the hydrochloric acid in
250 cm3 of FA 4.
You were instructed to measure a mass between 2.60 g and 2.80 g of FA 3 in this
experiment.
What difficulties might you encounter if you used a mass of about 5.50 g of FA 3 in this
experiment?
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[1]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
9
(f) (i) Complete the following table. For

Examiner’s
Use
The balance used in the experiment displays the mass to ........................ decimal places.
The maximum error in a single balance reading is ± ..................... g.
The maximum error in measuring the mass of FA 3 is ± ..................... g.
(ii) Calculate the maximum percentage error in the mass of FA 3 measured in (a).
The maximum error in the mass of FA 3 is ................................................. %.

[2]
(g) (i) The percentage of calcium carbonate in the weighed sample of FA 3 can also be
found by investigating the thermal decomposition of the compound into calcium
oxide and carbon dioxide.
Write a balanced equation, including state symbols, for this thermal
decomposition.
(ii) Briefly outline the key measurements to be made in order to find the percentage
of calcium carbonate in FA 3 by this method.
1. ..............................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................
3. ..............................................................................................................................
4. ..............................................................................................................................
5. ..............................................................................................................................
6. ..............................................................................................................................
(You do not have to use all of the numbered steps in your answer)
[2]
[Total: 14]
10
3 FA 7, FA 8 and FA 9 are aqueous solutions, each containing one cation and one anion from For
those listed on pages 13 and 14 in the Qualitative Analysis Notes. Examiner’s
Use

Rinse and reuse test-tubes wherever possible.
(a) Use aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia, in separate tests, to identify the
cation present in FA 7, FA 8 and FA 9.
Present your results for each of the solutions in a suitable form below.
II
III
IV
V
Conclusion
VI
Complete the following table.
FA 7
FA 8
FA 9
[6]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
11
(b) (i) FA 7, FA 8 and FA 9 each contain a single anion which may be Cl –, I – or SO42–. For
Examiner’s
Suggest a reagent that would enable you to identify any solutions containing SO42–. Use
Reagent ....................................................................................................................
Use this reagent to test each of the solutions. Record your observations in the table
below. Indicate, with a tick in the final column, any solution containing SO42–.
solution observation SO42– present
FA 7
FA 8
FA 9
(ii) Select a further reagent that will enable you to identify the halide ion present in any
remaining solution(s).
Reagent ……………………………………………………….……………………….. I
II
Use this reagent to test the remaining solution(s).
Record your observations and the identity of the halide in a suitable form in the III
space below.
IV
[5]
12
(c) FA 10 is a white crystalline solid which turns into another white solid, FA 11, when For
heated strongly. Examiner’s
Carry out the tests on FA 10 and FA 11 in the table below. Use
Observe carefully at each stage and record all of your observations in the table.
test observations
(i) Place 1 spatula measure of

FA 10 in a hard glass test-tube.
Heat the solid very strongly

until no further change is seen.
(ii) Place 1 small spatula measure

of FA 11 in a test-tube and add
1 cm depth of dilute hydrochloric
acid. I
II
III
IV
As soon as you have completed your observation in (ii), fill the test-tube with water.
[5]
[Total: 16]
© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
13
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
–
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)

Cr 3+(aq) giving dark green solution insoluble in excess

iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)



manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)

14
ion reaction
CO3 2–

chromate(VI),
CrO4 2–(aq)
I –(aq) gives yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
NO3–(aq)
nitrite,
NO2–(aq)
strong acid)
SO42–(aq)
SO32–(aq) gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong acid)
3 Tests for gases

© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
15
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© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
16
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© UCLES 2010 9701/35/O/N/10
* 4 9 9 1 5 5 1 7 1 2 *
CHEMISTRY 9701/36
2 hours

part question.
Total
DC (LEO) 28255/3
2
For
You must prepare Flask A and Flask B in Question 2 before starting Question 1. Shake Examiner’s
each flask periodically during the time you spend on Question 1. Use
1 FB 1 i s 0.125 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid, H2SO4.

FB 2 is an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
You are to determine the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the sodium hydroxide in FB 2.
(a) Method
• Fill a burette with FB 1.

• Run between 45.50 cm3 and 46.50 cm3 of FB 1 from the burette into the 250 cm3
graduated (volumetric) flask, labelled FB 3.
• Make up to the mark with distilled water.
• Shake the flask to mix the solution.
In the space below record your burette readings and the volume of FB 1 added to the
graduated flask.
You are reminded to shake Flask A and Flask B periodically.
Titration
• Fill a second burette with FB 2.

• Pipette 25.0 cm3 of FB 3, the diluted acid, into a conical flask.
• Add to the flask a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator.
• Titrate the acid in the flask with FB 2.
At the end-point a “permanent” pink colour will remain in the solution.
• Note: The “permanent” pink colour will fade over several minutes as carbon dioxide
is absorbed from the atmosphere.

The rough titre is ......................... cm3.
results
• Record in a suitable form on page 3 all of your burette readings and the volume of
FB 2 added in each accurate titration.
You will require the burette containing FB 2 for Question 2.
© UCLES 2010 9701/36/O/N/10
3
For
Examiner’s
Use
II
III
[7] IV
(b) From your accurate titration results obtain a suitable value to be used in your calculation. V
VI
VII
25.0 cm3 of FB 3 required ....................... cm3 of FB 2.

[1]
Calculations
Show your working and appropriate significant figures in the final answer to each step
(c) (i) Calculate how many moles of H2SO4 in FB 1 were run from the burette into the
250 cm3 graduated, (volumetric) flask.
............................ mol of H2SO4 were run from the burette into the graduated flask.
(ii) Calculate how many moles of H2SO4 in FB 3 were pipetted from the graduated
flask into the conical flask in each titration.
............................ mol of H2SO4 were pipetted into the conical flask. II
III
(iii) Calculate how many moles of NaOH reacted with the H2SO4 in (ii).
IV
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
V
The H2SO4 in the titration flask reacted with ............................ mol of NaOH.
4
(iv) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of NaOH in FB 2. For

Examiner’s
Use
The concentration of NaOH in FB 2 is …………………. mol dm–3.

[5]
(d) The individual error in any burette reading is ±0.05 cm3.

Two students, A and B, record identical burette readings.
final burette reading 25.60 cm3

initial burette reading 1.35 cm3
volume added 24.25 cm3
Explain the following.
(i) The initial burette reading made by student A was 0.05 cm3 greater than the true
value but the volume added was exactly 24.25 cm3.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) The initial burette reading made by student B was 0.05 cm3 less than the true value
and the actual volume added was exactly 24.15 cm3.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) In the instructions for the experiment you were told that the “permanent” pink colour at
the end-point would fade over a few minutes as carbon dioxide is absorbed from the
atmosphere.
(i) Explain why absorption of carbon dioxide at the end-point would reverse the
indicator colour change seen in the titration.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest a modification to the titration method, using the same indicator, that would
overcome this problem.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 17]
© UCLES 2010 9701/36/O/N/10
5
2 FB 4 i s 0.050 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution. For

FB 5 is 0.200 mol dm–3 propanoic acid, C2H5CO2H. Examiner’s
FB 6 is an organic liquid that does not mix with water. Use
Propanoic acid dissolves both in water and in the organic layer, FB 6.

When an aqueous solution of the acid is shaken with FB 6, some of the acid transfers to the
organic layer.
The amount of acid remaining in the aqueous layer can be determined by titration with
aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Preparation of the mixture in Flask A and in Flask B.
Flask A
• Use a measuring cylinder to place 50 cm3 of FB 5 into the stoppered flask
labelled Flask A.
• Use a second measuring cylinder to add to the flask 40 cm3 of FB 6, the organic
liquid.
• Replace the stopper in the flask.
Flask B
• Use the first measuring cylinder to place 50 cm3 of FB 5 into the stoppered flask
labelled Flask B.
• Use the second measuring cylinder to add to the flask 60 cm3 of FB 6, the
organic liquid.
• Shake both flasks vigorously for about 1 minute.

• Leave the flasks on the workbench and start Question 1.
• Shake the flasks for a further minute at intervals during the course of your work
on another question.
(a) Titrations
For each flask follow the same procedure.
• Empty the burette containing FB 2.

• Rinse the burette thoroughly with FB 4.
• Fill the burette with FB 4.
• Ensure the two layers have separated – this should take no longer than 1 minute
after shaking the flask.
• Pipette 10.0 cm3 of the lower (aqueous) layer into a conical flask. Attach the pipette
filler to the pipette before inserting it into the mixture, in order to close the top of the
pipette to prevent any of the top (organic) layer from entering the pipette.
• Titrate the acid in the conical flask with FB 4, using phenolphthalein indicator, as in
Question 1. I
• One titration will be sufficient for each experiment but take care to ensure
that no errors are made during the procedure. II
III
IV
6
Results For
Record, in a single table below, the burette readings and volume of FB 4 added, for Examiner’s
each of Flask A and Flask B. Use
[4]
(b) Calculations
In these calculations make use of the following.
• The concentration of NaOH in FB 4 is 0.050 mol dm–3.

• 50 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm–3 propanoic acid, the volume of acid added to each
flask, contains 0.010 mol C2H5CO2H.
• 1 mol C2H5CO2H reacts with 1 mol NaOH.
(i) Calculate the volume of FB 4 that contains 0.010 mol NaOH.

This is the volume of FB 4 that would have reacted with the propanoic acid in the
50 cm3 of the aqueous layer, before shaking with the organic liquid.
Volume of FB 4 = ........................... cm3
(ii) For each flask, use your titration result in (a) to calculate the volume of FB 4 needed
to react with the acid remaining in 50 cm3 of the aqueous layer, after shaking with
the organic liquid.
Flask A Flask B
volume of FB 4 = ........................ cm3 volume of FB 4 = ........................ cm3
(iii) The amount of propanoic acid transferred to the organic layer can be represented
by the following.
(answer (i)to– answer to (ii))
For each flask evaluate this expression.
Flask A (answer to (i) – answer to (ii)) = .................................... cm3
Flask B (answer to (i) – answer to (ii)) = .................................... cm3

[2]
© UCLES 2010 9701/36/O/N/10
7
(c) In which flask was most propanoic acid transferred to the organic layer? For
Examiner’s
Justify your answer. Use
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) It is suggested that shaking the mixture leads to the following equilibrium being
established.
C2H5CO2H(aq) C2H5CO2H(org)
Determine the equilibrium constant by evaluating the expressions in the following table.
(i) Determine the equilibrium constant by evaluating the expressions in the following
table. Ignore units.
Flask A Flask B
Kc = answer (b)(iii) × 1.25 Kc = answer (b)(iii) × 0.83

answer (b)(ii) answer (b)(ii)
Kc = ........................ Kc = ........................
(ii) Explain whether or not your results support the idea that equilibrium has been
established in each flask.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 8]
8
3 FB 7, FB 8 and FB 9 are aqueous solutions, each containing cations and anions from those For
listed on pages 11 and 12 in the Qualitative Analysis Notes. Examiner’s
Use


Rinse and reuse test-tubes and boiling-tubes where possible.
(a) (i) One or more of the solutions FB 7, FB 8 and FB 9 are believed to contain the
ammonium ion, NH4+.
Suggest a reagent that would enable you to identify the presence of NH4+ and
describe how you would use the reagent in an appropriate test.
reagent .....................................................................................................................
test ...........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Use this reagent to test each of the solutions. Record your observations in the table
below.
solution observation
FB 7
II
FB 8
FB 9
© UCLES 2010 9701/36/O/N/10
9
(ii) One or more of the solutions contains the sulfate ion, SO42–. For
Select reagents that would enable you to identify the presence of SO42–. Examiner’s
Show clearly, by describing how the reagents will be used, how you would Use
distinguish SO42– from the sulfite ion, SO32–.
reagents ...................................................................................................................
test ...........................................................................................................................
Use these reagents to test each of the solutions. Record your observations in the
table below.
solution observation
FB 7
FB 8
III
FB 9 IV
(iii) Conclusions
The ammonium ion, NH4+, is present in ...................................................................
The sulfate ion, SO42–, is present in .........................................................................

[5]
(b) Use aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia in separate tests to identify any
cation (apart from NH4+) present in FB 7, FB 8 and FB 9.
Present your results for each of the solutions in a suitable form below.
II
III
IV
[4]
10
(c) Conclusion For

Examiner’s
Complete the following table. Use
Place a cross in any box where no cation has been identified.
FB 7
FB 8
FB 9
[1]
(d) Carry out the following tests on FB 10.

Observe carefully at each stage and record all of your observations in the table.
test observations
(i) Place 2 spatula measures of
FB 10 in a dry, hard glass
boiling-tube.
Heat the solid gently at first,

then strongly until no further
change is seen.
Retain the solid for use in (ii).
(ii) Tip the contents of the tube in

(i) into a second boiling-tube.
I
Add 2 cm depth of dilute II
hydrochloric acid a little at a
time. III
Warm the tube and leave to
stand. IV
[5]
[Total: 15]
© UCLES 2010 9701/36/O/N/10
11
reaction with
ion
NaOH(aq) NH3(aq)

ammonium, no ppt.
barium,
Ba2+(aq)
calcium,
Ca2+(aq)


iron(II),
with air with air
Fe2+(aq)


manganese(II),
Mn2+(aq)
12
ion reaction
carbonate,
CO32–
chromate(VI),
CrO42– (aq)
nitrate,
NO3– (aq)
nitrite,
NO2– (aq)
SO4 2– (aq) strong acid)

3 Tests for gases

carbon dioxide, CO2
© UCLES 2010 9701/36/O/N/10

Chemistry Level) (CIE) Paper 3

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Chemistry Level) (CIE) Paper 3

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Candidate

Centre Number Number

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

TIME 1 hour 15 minutes

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

This question paper consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page.

The carbonate and acid react according to the following equation.

XCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → XCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

The enthalpy change, ∆H, for this reaction is –59.5 kJ mol–1.

(a) Weigh the weighing bottle.

Table 1.1 Mass of FA 1.

Mass of weighing bottle + FA 1 / g

Mass of weighing bottle + residual FA 1 / g

Mass of FA 1 added to acid / g

Maximum temperature achieved / °C

9701/3/M/J/02 [Turn over

Marks are not given for chemical equations.

Test Observations [5] Deductions [4]

(a) Place 4 cm depth of

(b) Place 1 cm depth of

(c) Place 1 cm depth of

Add aqueous silver

(d) Place 2 cm depth of

(e) Place 2 cm depth of

(f) Place 2 cm depth of

The cation present in FA 3 is ……………

The anions present in FA 3 are …………… and ……………

9701/3/M/J/02 [Turn over

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS NOTES

[Key: ppt. = precipitate]

1 Reactions of aqueous cations

aluminium, white ppt. white ppt.

barium, no ppt. (if reagents are pure) no ppt.

chromate(VI), yellow solution turns orange with H+ (aq);

3 Tests for gases

gas test and test result

ammonia, NH3 turns damp red litmus paper blue

chlorine, Cl 2 bleaches damp litmus paper

hydrogen, H2 ‘pops’ with a lighted splint

oxygen, O2 relights a glowing splint

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Answer all questions.

For Examiner’s Use

If you have been given a label, look at the 1

Stick your personal label here, if

This document consists of 8 printed pages and an insert.

Expt volume of volume of volume of time 1000

/ cm3 / cm3 / cm3 /s / s–1 × 103

1 50.0 0.0 5.0

2 40.0 10.0 5.0

3 30.0 20.0 5.0

4 25.0 25.0 5.0

5 20.0 30.0 5.0

6 15.0 35.0 5.0

(c) Plot a graph of 1000 against the volume of FA 1 (sodium thiosulphate)

9701/03/M/J/03 [Turn over

Your answers should include

You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs.

Marks are not given for chemical equations.

Tests on the Filtrate containing FA 4

Test Observations [4]

(a) To 2 cm depth of the filtrate in a boiling-