w



Ê
 


 
 

 

 
 
 
 

G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology,
Pantnagar-263145
U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand
 Generally poultry production was considered a
backyard profession till 1950 in India and people belonging to
only lower strata of society used to accept it.
¦ Although the homeland of domesticated chickens have been
reported in India and its neighboring countries, but their
improved verities have been developed elsewhere in foreign
countries.

¦ India imported these improved breeds of poultry for poultry

development in the country. Since the decade of sixties poultry
production was limited to ³desi´ birds only but now it has come
to the level of a well organized profession and the use of new
technology, good management, latest equipments have given it
the shape of a modern Industry. India today ranks 3rd in the
world in respect of table egg production and 5th in respect of
broiler production.

Contd..
G ñ

 

     




  






  
 


   

   





  
    



     
     
    
ñ    


 

!


G "
 


 

       

  

  

  


G #
   
 


 

   


 

 


     
  


 

 #
 
 


 

  


 



G ñ 

 
 

 
 
    
    
 
 
 
   

!


G $ 
%  

  
 
   

 

 
   



  
 



 



 
   



¦uany breeds and varieties of chicken have been developed with their
physical feature varying in size, shape and colour etc., but few
breeds/strains like RIR, Hitkari, Vanraja, WLH, Kuroiler etc. are
suitable for integrated poultry-fish farming.

¦About 8 weeks old chicks, after vaccination against viral diseases and
providing other necessary prophylactic measures as a safeguard
against epidemics are kept in poultry house near the ponds.
 Important poultry breeds/strains developed through
research under public sector
Poultry stock Kind Institute where Developed
ILI-80 Commercial layer CARI, Izatnagar
CARI- Galden 92 Brown egg layer -do-
CARI-Priya Commercial layer -do-
CARI- Sonali Brown egg layer -do-
H.H. 260 Commercial layer C.P.B.F. Bangalore
Kaling Brown Brown egg layer C.P.B.F. Bhubneshwar
Punjab white layer Commercial layer P.A.U. Ludhiana
ILu -90 Commercial layer Kerla Agri. Univ. Trichur
ILAR-90 Commercial layer A.P. Agri. Univ. Hyderabad
CARI Bro-91 Commercial broiler CARI Izatnagar
B-77 Coloured broiler CARI Izatnagar
CARI-Shyma Dual purpose CARI Izatnagar
CARI-Hitkari Dual purpose CARI Izatnagar
CARI-Nirbhik Dual purpose CARI Izatnagar
CARI-Vanraja Dual purpose CARI Izatnagar
CARI-Devendra Dual purpose CARI Izatnagar
 £ayer Strain
CARI Priya White £eghorn

Broiler Strain
CARI-Bro CARI Dhanraja
RIR Dual purpose breeds Columbian

Australarp
£ocal hill fowl

Indigenous breeds

Kadaknath
Guinea fowl Other poultry breeds Guinea fowl kits

Turkey Quail
G The primary objective of housing of poultry birds is to protect them from
extreme weathers, parasites and predators.
G
G In integrated poultry± fish farming two types of poultry houses are used
viz. cage system and deep litter system.

G In integrated poultry±fish farming deep litter system is preferred and

advantageous over cage system due to higher manurial value of built-up
deep litter and easy management of birds.
 Cage system

Deep litter system

^&

&# 
&
Ú&

&# 
&
¦Feeding constitutes the fundamental and major management concern in
poultry production since major expenditure (60-70 %) in poultry raising is
feed cost.

¦Efficiency in feeding therefore is one of the key factor for successful

poultry production.

¦During the 9-20 weeks grower mash containing 16 percent protein and
2600 kcl. energy should be provided @ 50-70 gm./bird /day, whereas above
20 weeks a layer mash containing 18 percent protein and 2700 kcl. energy
should be provided @ 80-120 gm./bird /day.

¦Feed is provided to the birds in feed hoppers to avoid wastage.

3eeding of birds
¦ Generally egg production commence at the age of 20 weeks.

¦ Each pens of laying birds is provided with one nest for 5-6 birds.

¦ The peak period of egg production is 20 to 40 weeks and after 40 weeks

egg production is gradually decline.

¦ After the age of 18 months the birds may be disposed.

G Poultry house and equipments must be disinfected at least 30 days prior to shifting
the birds.

G The birds should vaccinated against diseases like marek¶s, Ranikhet, I.B.D.,
Infectious bronchitis, fowl pox etc. at the appropriate age.

G Some of bacterial and protozoal diseases like salmonellosis, coryza, fowl cholera,
coccidiosis etc. can be kept under control by maintenance of proper hygienic
conditions
aaccination schedule against important diseases for layer birds:

Name of vaccine Age Dose uethod

uarek¶s day old 0.2ml Subcutaneous
RDF strain 1-5days 2 drop 1drop in eye &1 drop in nose
IBD 1st 14 days 2 drop -do-
Lasota 21 days 2 drop -do-
IBD 2nd 28days 2 drop -do-
Fowl pox 42 days 1 drop Wing web
R2B 8-10 weeks 0.5ml Subcutaneous
 aaccination against IBD/Ranikhet diseases

3 aaccination
¦ In about 10-12 months litter become fully built-up having very high manurial
value.

¦ The fully built up litter removed from poultry houses is stored in suitable
places and supplied to the fish ponds @ 50 kg/ha./day every morning after
sunrise.

·stimation of manure obtained from layer birds:

Time Interval Availability of fresh manure

(kg/bird) Kg/1000 birds
One day 0.113 113
07 day 0.791 791
One month 3.4 3400

One year 41.2 41200

uanurial value of Different livestock species:

Species Water % Nutrients %

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

Chicken 56.0 2.6 0.5-2.0 0.90

Cow 55.25 0.42 0.29 0.44

Pig 74.13 0.84 0.39 0.32

Sheep 59.52 0.76 0.39 0.59

Horse 48.69 0.49 0.26 0.48

Rabbit 31.40 1.4 1.8 0.50

3actors affecting the characteristics of poultry waste & its use in
aquaculture:

GNature of bedding material:- Bulk density, particle size, moisture

retention capacity, penetrability.

GType of bird:- Size, growth rate, efficiency, sex

GHousing:- Open/ closed

G£itter management:- Regular/ irregular removal

GNature of in gradients in poultry feed:- Digestibility, nutrient density &

composition

GType of storage:- Aerobic, anaerobic, exposure to temperature

GQuantity of bedding material per surface unit:- Nutrient dilution,

micro organism activity.
^
&

&# 
&
Other management practices
 Debeaking

·gg Collection

‰
&

&# 
&