National Institute of Agricultural Marketing, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Assignment on Current
Scenario of Bio Fertilizers

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Dr. P. Venugopal Anupama Mishra (113)
Dhara Patel (117)
Komal (128)
Nisha Tirkey (137)
Rajiv Ranjan (149)
Vipin Kumar (167 )
 BIOFERTILIZERS

Introduction

The green revolution brought impressive gains in food production but with insufficient concern
for sustainability. In India the availability and affordability of fossil fuel based chemical
fertilizers at the farm level have been ensured only through imports and subsidies. Dependence
on chemical fertilizers for future agricultural growth would mean further loss in soil quality,
possibilities of water contamination and unsustainable burden on the fiscal system. The
Government of India has been trying to promote an improved practice involving use of bio-
fertilizers along with fertilizers. These inputs have multiple beneficial impacts on the soil and
can be relatively cheap and convenient for use. Consistent with current outlook, the government
aims not only to encourage their use in agriculture but also to promote private initiative and
commercial viability of production. But the policy and the instruments of intervention need to be
designed with care.

Significant effect of Bio-fertilizer in Indian Economy

Main challenge for agriculture development is to increase agriculture production and

productivity of land. The green revolution brought impressive gains in food production with the
help of chemical fertilizer, but with insufficient concern for sustainability. Uses of chemical
fertilizer not only impoverished soils, destroyed ecological balances and lead to environment
damage but also adversely affected human health. Bio-fertilizers are the best, supplement of
chemical fertilizers. They are alternative means of accessing plant nutrient without polluting
environment with sustainability. Bio-fertilizers, more commonly known as microbial inoculants,
are artificially multiplied cultures of certain soil organisms that can improve soil-fertility and
crop productivity by increasing the activity of certain useful bacteria and also help in providing
nutrients like nitrogen via fixation and phosphorus via increasing solubility that are naturally
abundant in soil or atmosphere but unusable for plants. Bio-fertilizer in context of Indian
agriculture and also looks its effect on environment, soil fertility and productivity. Bio-fertilizers

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are very useful but less popular in India. Bio-fertilizer has various benefits. Besides accessing
nutrients, different biofertilizers also provide growth-promoting factors Oxine, Jibreline and
Indole acetic acid to plants and some have been successfully facilitating composting and
effective recycling of solid wastes. By controlling soil borne diseases and improving the soil
health and soil properties these organisms help not only in saving, but also in effectively utilizing
chemical fertilizers and result in higher yield rates. Bio-fertilizers are not only effective for that
particular crop in which they used, but also increased the production of next crops. Bio-fertilizers
are cheap inputs, free from the environmentally adverse implications that chemical fertilizers
have. Bio-fertilizers offer a new technology to Indian agriculture holding a promise to balance
many of the shortcomings of the conventional chemical based technology. Dependence on
chemical fertilizers for future agriculture growth would mean further loss in soil quality,
possibilities of water contamination and unsustainable burden on the fiscal system. Bio-fertilizers
are cheap and have various benefits. It is very effective for sustainable agriculture development
so the government of India has been trying to promote an improved practice involving use of
bio-fertilizers along with fertilizers.

Role of Government in Promoting the use of Biofertilizers

Government has to ensure that the Biological Based Product entering the market has met with
the standard quality laws set by them. Also the Government in the initial years of Biological
Based Product promotion could highly subsidize the product which will help small marginal
farmers especially to adopt it. Concentrated efforts of the Government and Private firms to take
into confidence local bodies will help to assess and adopt the technology. A proper marketing
strategy depending on the socioeconomic condition, market heterogeneity and buying capacity of
the consumer need to be planned to decide on various intermediaries for distribution and
adoption of new technology by farms. Later on awareness on the proper application procedures,
limitations of product, and long term benefits of product needs to be created in farmers especially
in interiors of the country. The Government could also encourage the private firms and research
institutes to come together cooperate and promote training extension activity at farm level for
farmers. Poor microbial load, higher contamination and the use of improper strains resulted in
mixed response of biofertilizers. Here the research institutes have a great responsibility towards

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ensuring the correct and the high quality product enters the market along with Government and
thereby ensuring that substandard product do not enter the market. New practices take time to
pick up success or failure of new entrants entering the market will depend on the proper
marketing, branding, promotional policies of government for which study needs to be conducted
at every level of production and consumption and factors affecting them.

Contribution of national project in promoting biofertilizers

Keeping in view the continued demand of crop nutrition and its biological availability through
microbes, Govt. of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation
initiated “National Project on Development and Use of Biofertilizers” and accordingly, the
National Centre and 6 Regional Centres were created to cater the needs of biofertilizer
developmental activities in India. The Project was initiated in 1983, but it came in shape
sometimes towards 1989 and started providing different services, which are broadly outlined as
follows:

Availability of Quality Inoculants

During the inception of the Project in 1983, the availability of biofertilizers in different parts of
the country was meager. The project was aimed to provide quality biofertilizers
like Rhizobium for crop specific legume and oil seeds, Azotobacter and Azosprillum for cereals,
millets, sugarcane, vegetables, plantation , Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) for all
major crops and soils. In the Project, biofertilizers were produced, starting from 5.78 tons in
1989-90 to 3049 tons in 1998-99. However, comprehensively, during the period of 10 years,
566.3 tons of Azotobacter, 224.6 tons of Azosprillium, 852.1 tons of Rhizobium, 568.6 tons of
PSM and 8.2 tons of other biofertilizers were produced and distributed to the farmers. In
addition to production and distribution by different State Governments and Public Sector
companies a large number of Private Sector Companies and Central Govt. funded biofertilizer
production units produce biofertilizers.

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Organization of Training Programmes for Extension Officials

The biofertilizer technology is rather new for Indian agriculture is basically a microbial
technology. The agricultural Officials involved in different input implementation schemes of the
State Governments, the extension officials working in agriculture and other Departments, who
are the link between the new available technology and farmers, have a major role to
communicate this specialized technology to farmers. Accordingly, in order to acquaint about the
developments of biofertilzer technology, the extension officials of the State Governments are
being trained in the Project, about the current developments of biofertilizer technology. In the
Project, 297 training programmes have been organized during last 10 years and a large number
of State Governments Extension Officials have been benefited in enriching their knowledge on
biofertilizer technology.

Organization of Orientation Course on Quality Control of Biofertilizers

Usually, farmers procure biofertilizers mostly from private and few public sector organizations.
The quality control protocols of biofertilizers are of highly technical nature and mostly, the
biofertilizers producers as well as the department officials who receive/distribute the
biofertilizers are not aware of microbiological protocols involved to test the quality of
biofertilizers. In order to acquaint them, the training programmes are being organized by
National and Regional Centres in the Project, so as to train the
Officials in different protocols of quality control of different biofertilizers like
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSM, BGA etc. Under the Project 94 trainings on
Quality Control of Biofertilizers have been organized and the technical know-how is being
passed on to State Govt. Officials/ Biofertilizer producers with a view to facilitate production of
quality product and to check the marketing of spurious product.

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Organization of Refresher Training Programme on Biofertilizer Technology

Keeping in view the biofertilizer demand and its better marketing potentiality, many biofertilizer
production units are coming up both in the Public Sector as well as Private Sector. In India,
mostly, the conventional technology of biofertilizer production is being used despite the fact that,
there has been a see-change in the protocols of biofertilizer production, so as to produce good
quality biofertilizers at less cost, which has emerged as a growing bioinoculant industry. In
order to acquaint about the current knowledge of biofertilizer manufacturing protocols, the
Project in conducting one training programme by each Centre each year in form of Refresher
Training Programmes on Biofertilizer Technology, so as to enable the biofertilizer producers on
current available technology.

Organization of Promotional Management Training Programmes

Although, biofertilizers are being used as a microbial resource in the form of input but the
farmers do not have adequate knowledge on nutrient management of locally available organic
resources at their end. In order to acquaint about different processes of microbial decomposition,
nature of organic composting and to encourage the use of agricultural waste and other organic
resources and their potential benefits in crop management, the Extension Officials are being
trained about different processes of microbial technology, so as to recycle the organic
agricultural wastage for crop nutrition. During 1994-95 and 1997-98 Plan, 57 Promotional
Management Training Programmes were organized by different Centres in the Project.

Quality Control

In the country, biofertilizers are being produced largely by public sector and mostly by small
biofertilizer producers. In the Project, all the Centres are engaged in testing the quality of the
biofertilizers produced by different production units at the request of State Govts. And the
project is appraising the status of quality of biofertilizer to the manufacturer as well as to the
concerned State Govt. The Centres have been working in form of advisory nature and till 1998-
99, different Centres have tested 9640 nos. of samples, for their quality.

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Organisation of Field Demonstration and Farmers Fairs

In order to convince the farmers on use of biofertilizer technology, the biofertilizers are being
tested in the Farmers‟ Field, so as to convince the farmers on the potentialities of biofertilizers to
increase the yield, savings of chemical fertilizers and economic returns in form of an input. In
the project, 1245 field demonstrations have been conducted and in the present manuscript, results
of 1050 field demonstrations have been compiled and presented. Since inception of the Project
till 98-99, 21,051 no. of farmers have been benefited through the Farmer‟s Fairs on the
usefulness of biofertilizer technology.

Mass Publicity on Biofertilizers

In order to create awareness on the use of different biofertilizers, in the Project, different Centres
are involved in popularizing the benefits of biofertilizers to the large farming community by
distributing literature on input technology and through All India Radio, Doordarshan and Mass
Media programmes.

Information and Documentation Service

In order to cater the need of general and updated biofertilizer information, the Project has been
supplying the biofertilizers manuals, brochures, has published 2 books on Biofertilizers, is
publishing biannually“Biofertilizer News Letter” which are being distributed free of cost to
different Organisations engaged in promoting /manufacturing /developing biofertilizer
technology/ experts. Further, the „Biofertilizer News Letter‟ encourages publishing articles on
different aspects of biofertilizer technology and its popularization. Besides, large no. of scientific
and research /review articles on biofertilizers are being contributed by different Centres in the
Project as well technical experts from Agricultural Universities and ICAR Institutes. Further,
Regional and National Symposia are being organized by different Centres wherein, the current
technical compiled informations are being disseminated.

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Distribution of Mother Culture and Production of Biofertilizers

Often, Biofertilizer Production Units find it difficult to procure good improved/ pure strain of
biofertilizer for their use as inoculum in biofertilizer production units. In order to assist the
biofertilizer manufacturers, different Centres in the Project are distributing authenticated
microbial strains to Biofertilizer Production Units at a nominal rate of Rs.40/- per strain by
post. The microbial repository is being maintained at each of the National/Regional Centres
wherein, the agriculturally important microbial cultures are being maintained.

Research & Developmental Activities

Biofertilizer technology involves the use of specific microorganisms, which are ultimately used
in soil rhizosphere in different agro climatic conditions and sometimes its failures or its below
standard performances are being reported. In order to facilitate the constraints in production
technology, besides operational technology at field level in the Project, the different
technologies are being developed after experimentation through research so as to improve the
quality of biofertilizers, besides its applications so as to get the desired benefit at field level.

Financial Assistance of Biofertilizer Production Units

Keeping in view the huge potential demand of biofertilizers in the country, in the Project,
biofertilizer production units were assisted with non-recurring grant up to Rs. 20 lakh so as to
establish or strengthen biofertilizer production units with a production capacity up to 150 tons
per year by public or in private sector. In the Project, since inception 67 Biofertilizer Production
Units have been set up with financial support, so as to cater the demand of biofertilizers in
different States from time to time.

Subsidies: in order to promote the biofertiliser, Govt of Gujarat has been giving subsidies to the
extent of 50% to the farmers through the FIC-cum depot and cooperative societies. It has been
pushing biofertiliser in rural area.

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Increasing Investments: There has been limited allocation under 9th Plan for bio-fertilizers
popularization in the Agriculture sector and the provision for this programme was enhanced by
expanding the scope of activities whereby promotion organic agriculture has been included as
part of the activities targeted in the 10th Plan. As part of 10th Five year Plan, Government of India
has earmarked about Rs. 100 crores for the promotion of organic agriculture in the country. The
main components of this initiative include farming of standards, negotiating with different
countries and putting in place a system of certification for organic products.

Promoting Input Market: Central Government is also promoting the production and use of bio-
fertilizer to make it popular. Government has initiated a project “National Project on
Development and Use of Bio fertilizers” for this purpose. Main objectives of this project are as
following:
i. Production and distribution of Bio fertilizers (BFs)
ii. Developing Standards for different BFs and Quality control
iii. Releasing of grants for setting up BF units
iv. Training and Publicity
v.
Promoting green agriculture market: To promote the organic agriculture in India government
has also taken some initiative in recent past. APEDA (Planning Commission, 2001) is the nodal
agency to promote the Indian organic agriculture and its exports opportunities. National Steering
Committee under the Chairmanship of Secretary Commerce has already outlined and approved
the National Program for Organic Production (NPOP) by May 2001. Under this program,
National Organic Standards have been evolved. This apart, it has also developed Criteria for
Accreditation of certification agencies, Accreditation Procedure and Inspection and Certification
Procedures. In developing these standards and procedures due attention is paid to the guidelines
as enumerated by international organizations such as International Federation for Organic
Agricultural Movement (IFOAM), EU Regulations and FAO Codex Standards. As part of this
program, a National Logo for organic products on behalf of Govt. of India has also been
developed.
Some of the other efforts towards promotion of organic exports include attempts to collaborate
with all the major organic importing countries. Towards this APEDA is deliberating with

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European Union for inclusion of India in the list of third countries under Article 11 of the EU
regulations No 2092/91 so that India‟s National Programme for Organic Production gets the
required recognition under the EU regulations.

Facilitating Factors for Greening of Indian Agriculture:

Organic agriculture provides economic opportunities for different stakeholders. Some of the
drivers that facilitate growth of organic agriculture in India are
Growing export market for organically produced crops.
Price premium for organically produced agriculture products from10% to 100%.
Diverse agro-climate regions across the country that provides environment for wide range
of crops that can cater to different market demands.
Increasing awareness & health consciousness especially among certain sectors of
domestic consumers.
Availability of comparatively cheap labour for labour-intensive organic agriculture
Huge numbers of small farmers those who do the traditional farming with very limited
capacity to pay for most of the chemical inputs into agriculture ((Planning Commission,
2001)
Presence of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) as active promoters of Organic
farming in different agro-climatic regions (Donthi N. Reddy, 2001)
Increasing involvement of private companies in field of agricultural extension, trade,
consultation and other services
Enhanced Government attention and support for organic agriculture through various
policy initiations and action programs.

Factors Constraining Greening of Indian Agriculture:

Though there are positive signs for green agriculture in India it is not growing at a pace to
enhance its market attractiveness so as to motivate larger section of farming community to opt
for organic agriculture. Major problems that hinder the growth organic agriculture in India can
be listed as follows:

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Factors limiting Bio-fertilizers Market:
In exploring the factors limiting bio-fertilizers market we attempted to analyze them from
multiple stakeholders perspectives presented briefly in the following:

Producers’/Distributors’/Traders’ point of view:

Lack of proper infrastructure for distribution and conservation of bio-fertilizers is a major
constraint that hinders their access to farmers.
Existence of poor quality bio-fertilizers in market reduces the credibility of input
providers. Lack of quality control mechanisms for bio-fertilizers furthers the mistrust
among farmers.
Given the low penetration of bio-fertilizers market and the limited shelf-life it is
disincentivizing the traders to store and sell bio-fertilizers

From Users’ (farmers’) point of view:

Bio-fertilizers are perceived as less yielding.
Some climatic regions and soil conditions are not suitable for specific strains of organic
production.
For some strains limited shelf life is also constrain as most of the bio-fertilizers last only
for about 4-6 months.
Given the mandated gestation period of around three years for a conventional farm to
become an organic farm the benefits perceived by farmers in general and small and
marginal farmers in particular tend to be limited as they have short term orientation. As a
result even if they are aware they are hesitant to switch over to organic (green)
agricultural practices.

From Promoters’ (Government’s) point of view:

Agricultural departments, research institutions and extension services have for long been
oriented towards chemical input agriculture as a result there is a requirement for
reorienting these officials towards organic (green) agriculture

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 Changing the cropping and cultivation patterns is slow and time-consuming process
given the high levels of illiteracy and large number of small and marginal farmers it
makes the change process difficult.
Subsidies on chemical fertilizers and pesticide impede the growth of organic agriculture.

Limiting factors organic produce market:

Lack of market information in general and organic market information in particular is
biggest drawback for Indian agriculture. The current information base is low and even the
limited information available does not get disseminated due to lack of adequate channels
for dissemination. As a result farmers are in a predicament as they are unable to attune

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 their production practices as per the market changes. Marketing network specifically for
organic products has not yet developed both in the domestic as well as export market.
Quality of Indian food industry is always a constraint for growth, low consistency of
quality and contamination in food products is a hindrance in capturing the available
market especially the international market.
Given the high levels of transaction costs for getting farms certified as organic it is a
major deterrent for enhancing organic production in the country. As the certification
process for organic farming is very lengthy and complex, the cost of certification is also
unaffordable for small farmers {Rs.22000 to Rs.29200 per certification} (Garibay S V
and Jyoti K, 2003).
Government has shown limited interest for organic agriculture, though the activities from
government side are increasing but till date there is no direct support from government
side in terms of subsidy or market support towards organic agriculture.
Lack of proper infrastructure in terms of roads from remote villages, cold storage
facilities and slow transportation infrastructure affects the cost, quality and reach of
producers and
Indian organic agriculture is very fragmented and there are no organizations for
managing the entire value chain of organic products.
Large number of these problems listed above are due to the relatively newness of this sector from
the point of view of different players.

Recommendations
Focus group discussions with different stakeholders like farmers, traders of green agricultural
inputs, government officials involved in promotion of organic agriculture, agricultural scientists,
extension officers and NGO‟s have revealed that multi-pronged initiatives at different levels
would contribute towards enhancing greening of Indian agriculture.

From Policy perspective:

The government has to play a key role in developing organic agricultural production and
enhancing marketing opportunities. There is a need to have policy framework to address
greening agriculture in India. Policy change in favour of organic agriculture can make positive

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difference for changing the market condition in terms of encouraging production of bio-
fertilizers, which in turn can propel changes in cropping pattern in favour of organic practices.
Currently the attention given both in terms of policy framework and institutional dynamics
towards organic agriculture is only marginal. Involvement of government is not just in
standardization and accreditation procedures but also through proactive “support to inspection
and certification and market-oriented services are necessary to provide equal opportunities.
Otherwise, the export of certified organic products risks becoming that only large farmers, or
highly organized groups of small holders, can afford.

From Farmers Perspective:

Existing subsidy structure enhances the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as
agricultural inputs. Gradual phasing out subsidy on synthetic fertilizers / pesticides and
initiating promotion of bio-fertilizers would contribute towards enhancing organic
agriculture production in the country.
Providing grant assistance in the form of financial assistance for converting the
traditional farm in to organic farm and intending support to meet certification fees
especially for the small and marginal farmers etc.
Enlarging the scope of work of the agricultural extension services by focusing on organic
agriculture through collaborative engagement with NGOs, who are actively working in
the rural areas.
Special insurance scheme for organic farm that reduces the risk of farmer in case of
failure of crop.
Promote contract farming based on organic agriculture.

From NGO’s perspective:

Non-Government Organizations have being playing crucial role in promoting organic
agricultural practices in the country. Change of agricultural practices is equivalent to changing
the culture and mindset of farmers, which can only be achieved by a long drawn interface. NGOs
have demonstrated capabilities to this effect.

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From Traders Perspective:
Ministry of Commerce & Trade should have a dedicated cell for providing organic
agricultural export market potentials in different parts of the world and the price premium
that different products attract.
Establishment of Special Organic Agriculture Trade Zone (OATZ) for domestic as well
export market can help the traders in easily accessing the farm products as well as
customers for organic products like agro- based food processors and retailers.

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 In order to develop organic export networking potentials there is need for inventorizing
the early exporters by providing special tax relaxation for traders/exporters those who
have organic trading/export.
In order to enhance the domestic organic agricultural market government need to make
efforts towards promotion of organic food processing industries by providing subsidies
and financial assistance as well as facilitates to market development. As the shelf life of
some of the organic produce is shorter establishment of dedicated cold storage facilities
could help in enhancing the prospects of exports.

From Green Input Producers Perspective:

Popularization of existing scheme for promotion of bio-fertilizers and extension of these
schemes for other bio-fertilizers.
Assistance in marketing of bio-fertilizers thorough government network and also
involving the network of co-operative societies at village level for distribution of these
bio-fertilizers.
Improving infrastructure facilities like roads, transportations, storage facilities etc would
enhance forward and backward linkages in the organic products supply chain.
Promotion of corporate research for organic agronomic practices, bio- control of diseases
and pest, bio-fertilizers etc.

From Institutional Perspective:

There is urgent need for giving strategic attention to organic farming efforts. This requires inter
ministerial coordination among various ministries at the Centre. Towards this forming a Steering
Committee consisting of various Ministries at Central Government level would be a move in the
right direction. Such as..
Ministry of Agriculture,
Ministry of Commerce & Trade,
Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of Science & Technology,
Ministry of Finance etc.

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Such committee would helps on increasing effectiveness of policies & programmes evolved
towards promotion of organic agriculture.
At the state level some of the important institutions that require coordinated action plan include:
Agriculture universities, State agriculture department, Private business organizations and NGOs
Each of these institutions can enhance their contribution towards greening agriculture by
developing a detailed program of action. In the following an attempt has been made to briefly
dwell action programs for some of these institutions. For instance:

To build green agricultural input market in India it is not sufficient to incentivize production but
there is a need to focus efforts in generating market demand. Collaborative and concerted efforts
between input producers, farmers, agriculture scientific community, government officials and
traders at different level i.e. central government, state government, district and village level
could give the required strategic attention to organic agriculture. There are examples from
elsewhere which showcase these types of collaboration for organic products market
development. Such collaboration would create avenues for marketing organic produce internally
and expedite the necessary linkages for enhancing our presence in the international organic
products market.

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 TABLES

Product-wise Distribution of Biofertilisers

Product-wise Distribution of Biofertilisers

(1992-1993 to 1998-99)

(Tonne)

Product 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99

Rhizobium 916.31 1180.23 1467.24 1330.61 1392.61 1249.54 1247.39

Azotobacter 208.05 646.95 921.52 1160.98 1036.42 1089.18 1188.62

Azospirillu
m 200.61 323.7 702.46 1131.27 757.38 640.12 788.41

Blue Green
Algae 0.03 0.03 2.78 2.51 0.74 1.43 2.44

Acetobacter - - 110.35 119.35 75.66 66.91 67.04

Phosphate
Solubilise 275.01 763.46 1784.65 2544.04 3332.53 3069.17 3281.56

Total 1600.01 2914.37 4988.9 6288.32 6681.44 6295.63 6700.27

Note: Total distribution figures may not tally with aggregate of various products as the former
includes some of the units for which product wise breakup is not available. Compiled from the
statistics released by : Biofertiliser Statistics 1999-00, The Fertiliser Association of India. Year:
Period of fiscal year in India is April to March, e.g. year shown as 1990-91 relates to April 1990
to March 1991. Units: (a) 1 Lakh (or Lac) = 100000.(b) 1 Crore (or Cr.) = 10000000.

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Details of State-wise Capacity and Production of Bio-fertilizer during 2007-08.

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Details of State-wise Capacity and Production of Bio-fertilizer during 2007-08.

State Capacity Total

Bio-fertilizer Production

2008-09 (MT)

Andhra 7125 168.136

Pradesh

Assam 290 129.3552

Bihar 150 0

Delhi 2000 1165.1

Gujarat 1850 1149.695

Goa 150 0

Haryana 50 0

Himachal 75 0
Pradesh

Jharkhand 10 15

Karnataka 26425 11921.057

Kerala 5855 1167.24

Madhya 1725 848.448

Pradesh

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 Maharashtra 6425 1249.87

Mizoram 25 1.996

Nagaland 20 16.0092

Orissa 854 405.03

Punjab 2 0

Pondicherry 890 527.6794

Rajasthan 800 0

Tamil Nadu 12825 4548.952

Tripura 20 14.68

Uttar Pradesh 333 885.5174

West Bengal 330 241.24

Total 68254 24455.003

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Production Bio-Fertilizers during 2003-04 to 2007-08 (in tonnes)

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S.No Name of the Production during the year
. State

2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007-08 2008-09

2004 2005 2006 2007
South Zone

1 A&N Islands 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

2 Andhra 205.00 2019.50 2246.43 4500.619 4515.81 168.136

Pradesh
3 Daman & 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Diu
4 Karnataka 1083.4 1135.86 612 341.64 2841.269 11921.05
0 7
5 Kerala 54.85 213.25 8.34 261.75 814.447 1167.24

6 Lakshadwee 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
p
7 Pondicherry 22.62 0 7.78 1827.78 471.286 527.6794

8 Tamil Nadu 1845.5 1564.94 2207.58 1770.29 3466.966 4548.952

0
Total 3211.3 4933.55 5082.13 8702.079 12109.77 18333.06
7 8 4

West Zone

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 9. Chhattisgarh 86.95 0 0 0 0 0

10 Gujarat 1034.8 943.00 1371.60 1250.63 1263.301 1149.695

5
11 Goa 0.00 0 0 3.5 0 0

12 Madhya 1300.4 1333.94 823.07 1204.76 1884.867 848.448

Pradesh 5
13 Maharashtra 3035.0 3049.98 2098.96 2425.959 2486.41 1249.87
0
14 Rajasthan 590.01 30.64` 430.59 339.75 302.303 0

15 D&N 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Haveli
Total 6047.2 5357.56 4724.22 5224.599 5936.881 3248.011
6
North Zone

16 Delhi 0.00 1.36 1.23 0 168.844 1165.1

17 Chandigarh 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

18 Haryana 22.54 20.16 23.48 30.22 8.89 0

19 Himachal 9.48 10.30 9.59 0 56.21 0

Pradesh
20 Jammu & 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Kashmir
21 Punjab 2.95 0.37 2.27 2 1.7 0

22 Uttar 115.98 130.27 486.30 212.78 250.057 885.5174

Pradesh

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 23 Uttaranchal 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

Total 150.95 162.46 522.87 245 485.701 2050.617

East Zone

24 Bihar 0.00 15.00 41.00 36.9 20 0

25 Jharkhand 0.00 0 9.00 205.62 201.68 15

26 Orissa 59.31 32.62 65.97 280.54 331.94 405.03

27 West Bengal 226.53 74.296 194.60 1406.48 922.34 241.24

Total 285.84 121.916 310.57 1929.54 1475.96 661.27

North east Zone

28 Arunachal 0.00 0 0 0 0 0
Pradesh
29 Assam 88.50 25.20 107.60 8.465 70.901 129.3552

30 Manipur 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

31 Meghalaya 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

32 Mizoram 1.14 0 0 1.68 3.58 1.996

33 Nagaland 8.03 0 17.03 10.65 13.98 16.0092

34 Sikkim 0.00 0 0 0 0 0

35 Tripura 5.80 0 0 23.25 14.27 14.68

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 Total 103.47 25.20 124.63 44.045 102.731 162.04

Grand 9798.8 10600.68 10764.4 16145.26 20111.05 24455.00

Total 9 6 2 3 1 3

Data compiled is based on Information received from State Govt./Regional Centres/NGOs.

Details of State-wise Bio-fertilizer Production facilities created by

Government of India & Others. .

Total Biofertilizer production capacity of GOI & Other units – 8025+10175= 18200 Tonnes

Total estimated Biofertilizer production by GOI & Other units – 10000 Tonnes

Installed production capacity, total production and distribution of bio-fertilizer in India (1992-99)

Year Installed % Growth Total % Growth Total % Growth

Production Rate in Production Rate in Consumption/ Rate in
Capacity Installed (Tons) Production Distribution Consumption
Capacity / Distribution
(Tons) (Tons)

1992-93 5400.5 2005.0 1600.01

1993-94 6125.5 13.42 3084.0 53.82 2914.37 82.15

1994-95 8114.5 32.47 5800.5 88.08 4988.90 71.18

1995-96 10680.4 31.62 6692.3 15.37 6288.32 26.05

1996-97 12647.0 18.41 7406.6 10.67 6681.44 6.25

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1997-98 N.A. 0.00 7104.6 -4.08 6295.63 -5.77

1998-99 16446.0 30.04 8010.1 12.75 6700.27 6.43

Source: The Fertilizer Association of India Bio-fertilizer Statistics 1999-2000

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Bio fertilizer prices

Prices of similar products in India may be lower than those listed depending on quality, sources
and warranty offered .

Prices for Bio-fertilizer, Bio-compost,& Vermi-compost Following are the products & its price
list:

Sr. Biofertiliser name Price in Rs

1 Azotobactor 100 gram 120/Kg.
2 Bio-compost 600/Bag
3 Verticellium 1 Kg. 400/kg
4 Tricho-derma 1 Kg 300/Kg
5 K.S.B. 60/500 gram
6 D.C 60/500 gram
7 Rizhobium 60/500 gram

REFERENCES:

1. www.indiastat.com
2. www.fao.org
3. www.faidelhi.org
4. www.ipni.net
5. www.fert.nic.in
6. www.dacnet.nic.in
7. www.indiaagronet.com
8. International journal of Microbiology Research, ISSN-0975-5276, Vol.1, Issue 2,
2009, PP-23-31.

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