ANSWERS TO REVISION WORKSHEET 21

01 D The rate of reaction decreases gradually as the reactants are used up and stops when one of the reactants
is used up. Hence the rate at which oxygen is produced will gradually decrease and stop. This is best
shown by graph D.

02. D Since an excess of calcium carbonate is used, the dilute hydrochloric acid must be used up.

03 D REMEMBER: The rate of reaction increases if the surface area of the magnesium, the temperature and
concentration of the acid is increased. Powdered magnesium has a larger surface area than magnesium,
ribbon. The 1 mol/dm3 of acid is more concentrated than 0.5 mol/dm3 and a temperature of 80 °C is
greater than 20 °C. All these factors are only found in D

04. D Because powdering coal produces a large surface area, which increases the rate of reaction.

05. D The other 3 factors, concentration, particle size and temperature affect the speed of a chemical reaction

06 C A is true because as the reaction proceeds the concentration of the acid decreases. B is true because the
hydrogen gas produced in the reaction escapes and D is true because excess acid is used. The rate of
reaction is gradually decreasing, therefore C is not true and is the required answer.

07 D When temperature is increased the particles have greater kinetic energy

08 B The rate of reaction can be decreased by reducing the concentration of the acid which is the same as
diluting the acid.

SECTION B

B1. By using zinc powder and by heating the dilute sulphuric acid .

B2 (a) (i) crushing the tablet, increased.

(ii) increasing the temperature, increased
(iii) increasing the concentration of acid. increased

(b) (i) When the tablets are crushed, there is an increase in the surface area for the acid particles to
react. Hence there will be more collisions per unit time between the reacting particles leading to
a faster reaction.

(ii) At a higher temperature, reactant particles move faster. There is an increase in the number of
collision between particles. A larger number of particles will therefore have the minimum
activation energy to react when they collide, resulting in a faster reaction (p 292)

(iii) At higher concentrations, there are more particles per unit volume and they collide more
frequently. Hence the reactions are faster at higher concentrations.

(c) Crush the tablet and drink it with warm water.